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1'^
4%
1.
AY
.AVr
33\
^
l^EB0MT6|rii^SEEDIi{lS(0WIiEDC£
For theYear^
\
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1850, bj
George P. Sarger,
in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts.
CAMBRIDGE:
MBTCALF AND COMPANY,
FBUmniS TO TBM XnnVXtLBTTY.
PREFACE,
The twenty-second volume of the American Almanac, being the second
Tolume of the third series, is now offered to the public. Unwearied pains
have been taken to collect full, authentic, and varied information concern-
ing the complex affairs of the general and State governments ; and a mass
of official documents and private correspondence has been digested relating
to the government, finances, legislation, public institutions, internal im-
provements, and resources of the United States, and of the several States.
It is hoped that the present volume will be found equal to its predecessors
in fulness and accuracy, and that it will sustain the high character of the
American Almanac as a trustworthy manual for reference and a full repos-
itory of useful knowledge.
The Astronomical Department has been, as for many years, under the di-
rection of Professor Peirce. The computation of the elements and phases
of the eclipses is full, particularly that of the eclipse of July 28th, which has
been furnished the Almanac by Lieut. C. H. Davis, U. S. N., Superintendent
of the Nautical Almanac, by authority of the Hon. Secretary of the Navy.
The article upon *' Animal Electricity *' furnishes an Interesting history of
the researches in that branch of inductive science, and will be new to gen-
eral readers. The Meteorological Information covers many points in our
extended country, and the annual series of tables published in the work
are valuable for comparison. There will be found on page 296 a meteoro-
logical table for Monterey, California, which was received too late for in-
sertion among the other tables.
In the Second Part of the volume will be found full lists of the Execu-
tive and Judiciary of the General Government ; of the Army, and the vari-
ous Military Posts, Military Divisions, &c.] of the Navy, and the public
yessels ; of oar Ministers and Consuls in Foreign Countries, and of Foreign
Consuls in the United States. These have all been corrected to the latest
dates possible for publication. Later changes are noted in the '* Additions
and Corrections," at the end of the volume. The titles. Commerce and
Navigation, and Revenue and Expenditure, published %ach year in the Al-
manac, are complete abstracts of the public documents of the same name^
IV PREFACE.
and the tables connected therewith, and, with the Post-Office and Mint,
show the receipts and expenditures of the government under their several
heads, the public debt, the imports, exports, and tonnage, the operations
of the Post'Office Department, and the coinage of the Mint for each year
since the adoption of the Constitution. The rates of postage are beh'eved to
be complete and accurate. The articles upon Statistics of Coal, Public Li-
braries, and the Census of Charleston, S. C, each give valuable informa-
tion. Owing to the protracted session of Congress, it has been necessary to
place the Titles and Abstracts of the Public Laws, and Joint Resolutions,
at the end of the volume. They have been carefully prepared, and are
sufficiently full, except for professional use. All that are known to have
been printed are here. If any have been omitted, they will be given
next year. The tabular view of all the railroads in the country is con-
tinued from the last volume ; and the comparative view of the debts, prop-
erty, and general financial condition of all the States has been corrected
with great care from the latest official returns. The information concerning
the Individual States is as full as in former years. It is believed that no-
where else can be found such full details respecting the Executive and
Judiciary, the finances, schools, charitable institutions, and pauperism and
crime, of the several States. Should any one note inaccuracies or defi-
ciencies therein, he is urgently requested to correct them. The European
part of the work has been thoroughly revised, and is correct so far as it
goes. The Obituary Notices and Chronicle of Events are extended, and
have been prepared with care.
The thanks of the Editor are particularly due to the heads of Depart-
ment at Washington, and to his many contributors and correspondents, to
whom the work is indebted for a great part of its value. A continuance of
their favors is respectfully solicited. A work embracing such a multitude
of facts must necessarily contain some errors ; persons who detect any are
earnestly requested to communicate them to the Editor. It is particularly
desirable that these communications should not bo anonymous. It is fre-
quently a source of regret to the Editor that he cannot suitably acknowl-
edge the valuable hints and assistance of anonymous correspondents. It
is a matter of some public interest, that a periodical which circulates so
widely, both in Europe and America, and which is so universally trusted
as a manual for reference, should be rendered as accurate as possible ; and
this end can be obtained only by the cooperation of many individuals.
Communications should be addressed to the " Editor of the American Al-
manac/* Boston.
Boston^ Mas3.^ Sept. 30, 1850.
CONTENTS.
PART I.
CALBin>AR AND CXLXBTLAL PhBNOHBNA FOB THB YbAR 1851.
PAOS
Different Eras, A;c., 3
Celestial Phenomena, Signs, Ac. , 3
Chronological Cycles, 4
Signs of the Zodiac, 4
Beginning and Length of the Seasons, . . 4
Movable Festivals of the Church, ....... 6
Jewish Calendar, 5
Mahometan CalMidar, 6
Height of the Greatest Tides, 7
Darkness of the Nights in 1851, 8
Calbndab: — January, Ac., 10
Eclipses in 1851^ 34
Elements of Echpse of Moon in 1851,.... 35
Elements of Eclipse of Sun July 28th, 1851,36
Occultations, 46
Eclipses of Jupiter's Satellites in 1851,... 48
Disks of Venus and Mans, 49
PAfll
Rings of Saturn 50
Latitude and Longitude of Places, 51
Latitude and Longitude of Observatories, 54
Additional Latitudes and Longitudes,.... 55
Ephemeris of the Sun, 66
Apparent Places of the Pole Star, 62
Places of the Principal Fixed Stars, ^...64
Dr. Young's Refractions, 72
Sun's Parallax in Altitude, 73
Animal Electricity « 74
Metboaological Information : — Tables
for Biddeford, Cambridge, Lowell, Wor-
cester, Providence, Mendon, New York,
Lambertville, Rochester, Chapel Hill, Sa-
vannah, Muscatine, (anid for Monterey,
Cal., page 2U6,) Flowering of Fruit-Trees
in 1850, 90-100
PART II.
Unttbd Statbs.
1. List of Presidents, 103
2. Executive Government, 103
OfiBcers in the Departments, 104
Commission onClaims against Mexico,106
Postmasters in the Chief Cities, .... 107
Collectors of Customs, 109
Naval Oflicers, Ill
Registers, Receivers, A;c., in Land
Office Ill
Indian Superintendents, Sec, 113
Aftny Pension Agents, 113
Navy Pension Agents, 114
3. Army List, 114
Officers of Corps and Regiments,.. 115
Military Geographical Divisions, ..116
Militarv Geographical Departments, 116
Arsenals, 117
Military Posts, 117
Militia Force of the United States, ..119
Pay of Army Officers, 120
4. Navy List, 121
6.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Pay of the Navy, 122
Vessels of War of the Navy, 123
The Marine Corps, 124
Congress 125
Senate, 125
House of Representatives, 127
Alphabetical List of Representatives, 130
The Judiciary, 132
District Courts, 132,134
Supreme Court, 134
Circuit Courts, 135,136
Intercourse with Foreign Nations, . . 137
Ministers, &c.^ in Foreign Countries, 137
Consuls, &c., m Foreign Countries, 13S
Foreign Ministera in the U. States,.. 141
Foreign Consuls in the U. States, .... 1 42
Post-Office Department, 147
Revenue, &c., under New Law, .... 147
Receipts and Expenditures for Con-
tract year, 149
Compensation of Poetmastera, 149
VI
CONTENTS.
Bates of Postage in United States,.
Privilege of Franlcing,
10.
11.
Rates of Foreign Postage,.
Postage to Oregon and California
160
152
162
162
Foreign Newspaper and Pamphlet
Postage. 166
Mail Service for 1849 156
No. of Post-Offices, &c., since 1790, 167
Revenue and Expenditure, 158
U. S. Revenue from 1789 to 1849, ..163
U. S. Expenditure from 1789 to 1849, 164
Imports, Exports, &c., for 69 Yean, 165
Debt of the United States 166
CSommerce and Navigation, 166
Gommercial Marine of United States, 166
Value of Imports, 167
Value of Exports, 171
Imports from and Exports to Foreign
Countries in 1848 -49, 173
Tonnage of Vessels in Foreign Trade, 174
Imports and Exports of each State, 176
Vessels built in U. States, and their
Tonnage, in 1849, 176
Tonnage from 1815 to 1849, 176
Mint, 176
Officers of Mint,. 177
Coinage of the Mint for 67 Years, . . 178
Public Lands, 179
Sales of Public Lands, 180
Census of Charleston, S. C. , 181
Statistical View of Principal Public
Libraries in Europe and America, 184
Statistics of Coal. 188
12.
13.
14.
16.
16 ^«. ^, ^
17. OoUegee in the United States, 196
la Theological Schools, 200
19. Law Schools, 200
20. Medical Schools, 201
21. Smithsonian Institute, 201
22. Religious Denominations, 202
23. State Elections, &c., 202
24. Governors of States and Territories, 203
26. Railroads in the United States, 204
26. Immigration into the U. S: in 1849, 209
27. Finances of the States, 210
28. Population of the United States,. . . . 212
29. Slaves in the United States, 212
Indxtidval Statbs.
1. Maine, 213
2. New Hampshire, 216
3. Vermont, 219
4. Massachusetts, 221
6. Rhode Island, 227
6. Connecticut 229
7. New York, 232
8. New Jersey, 238
9. Pennsylvania, 240
10. Delaware, 243
11. Maryland, 244
12. Virginia ^ 246
13. North Carolina, 260
14. South Carolina, 261
16. Georgia, 264
16. Florida 266
17. Alabama, 266
18. Mississippi, 269
19. Louisiana, 261
20. Texas, 263
21. Arkansas, 266
22. Tennessee, #. 268
23. Kentucky, 269
24. Ohio, 274
26. Michigan, 277
26. Indiana, 280
27. Ulinois, 284
28. Missouri, 286
29. Iowa, 288
30. Wisconsin, 290
3L California, 291
32. Oregon Territory, 296
33. Minesota Territory 297
34. Utah Territory, 297
35. New Mexico Territory, 298
36. District of Columbia 298
Governments of South A mereca, 298 | West Indian Governments, 299
Governments of North America, 299 | Population of the Globe, 299
EUBOFB.
Reigning Sovereigns of Europe, 300 I Great Britain, 302
Sutes of Europe, 301 | Fiance, 306
American Obituary, 306
Chronicle of Events, 321
Titles and Abstracts of Public Laws, .... 331
Public Resolutions, 347
Gterman Railroads, 349
Additions and Oonrections, 350
INDEX.
PAOB,
Abstracts of Public Laws 331
Addiiions and Corrections 350
Alabama 266
American Obituary 306
American States 298
Animal Electricity 74
Animals with distinct Electrical Organs.. 74
Arlcansas 266
Apportionment of U. S. Representatives 333
Army List 114
Army Officers, Pfty of. 120
Army Pension Affents 113
Arsenals in the tfnited States 117
Attorneys of U. S. Courts 134
Banks. See the several States.
Barometrical Observations 90 > 100, 296
Bounty Land Bill 346
Brazil, Claims against, Act concerning . . 331
Cabinet, Officers in the 103
Calendar : January, &c 10
California, Constitution of 291
California Gold 177
California State Government 293
Capitals of States 202
Census of U. S. of 1850, Act concerning.. 331
Census of Charleston, S. C 181-184
Celestial Phenomena, Signs, &c. 3
Charges d'Afiaires of U. S. in 1850 138
Charleston, S. C, Census of. 181-184
Chronicle of Events . .....*. 321
Chronolqdcal Cycles 4
Church Festivals *, 6
Circuit Courts 136,136
Clerks of District Courts of U. S 135 Free Mail Matter, Quantity of .... ; 149
Clouds and Winds 90- 100 Frog, Animal Electricity of 83
Coal, Statistics of 188-195
Coinage of Mint for 67 Years 178 General Events In 1849
Collectors of Customs 109
CoUeges 196-199GeolQgists>IJ.S., with Land Office.. Ill, 112
Colleges, Anmial Expenses in 199Georgia 254
Commerce 166
Commercial Aeents in Foreign countries 138
Commercial Marine of the UT S 166
Commission on Mexican Claims 106
Commissioners, U.S., in Foreign Countries 138
Congres8,Thirty-First 126
Consuls, Foreign, in U. S 142
Consuls in Foreign Countries 138
Correcti(»s and Additions 350 Imports of each State for 1849
Countries whence Goods are brought .... 173
Darkness of the Nights ... • 8
Dead Letters, Number pf 149
Debt of the United States 161, 165, 166
Debts of the States .210,211
Ddaware 243 Interior, Department o? the
Department of the Interior. 106
Department of State 104
Departments, Officers in the 104-106
Disks of Venus and Mais 49 Judiciary, U. S.
District Courts 132, 134
District of Columbia 298
Eclipses in 1851 34
Eclipse of Moon, Jan. 17 34
Edipso of Moon, July 13 36 Lands, Public
PAOB
Eclipse of Sun, Jan. 31 and Feb. 1 34
Eclipse of Sun, Total, July 28 36
Elections, State 202
Electric Eel 74
Electricity, Animal 74
Electricity, Muscular Current 86
Emigration to the U. S. in 1849 209
Engineers, Corpsof, &c 116
Engineers in Navy, Pay of. 122
Envoys Extraordinary, &c 137-141
Ephemeris of the Sun 56
Eras, &c 3
European States 301
Events, General, in 1849 321
" " 1860 325
Executive Government of U. S 103
Expenditures of U. S. for 60 years 164
Exports ofeach State for 1849 175
Exports, Value of, in 1848-49 171, 172
Exports to Foreign Countries 173
Exports for 59 Years 165
Festivals of the Church 5
Finances of the States 210, 211
Fixed Stars, Apparent Places of 64
Flogging in Navy, Act abolishing 344
Florida 255
Flowering of Fruit-trees in 1850 100
Foreign Goods imported 167
Foreign Ministers, buc. , in U. S. . . . . .... 141
Foreign Nations. Intercourse with 137
Foreign Trade, Countries of 173
France » 306
Franking Privilege 152
Fugitive Slave Law 339
«(
((
1850
321
326
German Railroads 349
Government, Seats of, in different States . 202
Governments, Annual Expenses of State. 211
Governors of States,^.. 203
Great Britain 302
lUinois 284
Connecticut 229 Immigration to United States in 1849.... 209
Imports, Value of, in 1848 and 1849. .167-170
Imports for 59 Years...., 165
176
Imports paying ad valorem Duties. . .167 - 170
Imprts free of Duty 167
Indian Siiperintendents and Agents. ..... 113
Indiana 280
Intercourse with Foreign Nations 137
106
Iowa....... 288
Jewish Calendar 5
Jud^ of U.S. Circuit and District Courts, 134
132
Jupiter's Satellites, Eclipses of. 48
Kentucky 269
Kentucky, Constitution of. 269
LandOffice, Registers, Receivers, &c. ..Ill
- - 179
Till
I.NDEX.
Latitude and Longltade of Obserratories
Latitude and Longitude of Places 61
Law Schools
Laws, Abstracts of Public
Legialatures, State, Meeting of.
Libraries, Public 184-
Libraries, Uaiversitj
Louisiana
Mahometan Calendar
Mail Service for 1849
Maine
Marine, Commercial, of the U. S.
Marine Corps
Mars and Venus, Disks of.
Marshals, U. S
Maryland
Massachusetts
Massachusetts, Railroads of
Matieucci's Researches in Animal Elec-
tricity 74
Medical Schools
Meteorological Information 90 -
Mexico, Commission on Claims against
Michigan
Military Geographical Departments
Military Geographical Divisions
Military Posts
Militia Force of the U. S.
Ministers of U. S. in Forei^ Countries..
Ministers, Foreign, in U. S.....
Mint..... :.:
Mint, Officers of, Coinage, &c 177,
Mississippi
Missouri
Naval Officers
Navigation 166,
Navy Depaurtment
Na?y List
Navy Officers, Pay of.
Navy, Vessels of War in
Navy Pension Agents
Navy Yards, Commanders of
New Hampshire
New Mexico Territory ..*....." 1»8,
Newspapers, Postage on
New York
New York, Railroads in
Nights, Darkness of the...
North Carolina
Obituary, American, in 1849
" " 1860
Observatories, Latitude and Longitude of
Occultations
Ohio
Oregon Territory
Parallax in Altitude of the Sun
Pennsylvania
Pension Agents, Army and Navy. ... 1 13,
Planets, Signs of the
Pole Star, Places of the
Population of the Globe
Population of the U. S
Postage, Rates of Inland
Postage by the N. Y. & Bremen Steamers
Postage, Foreign 162 >
Postage to Oregon and California
Postmasters in Chief Towns and Cities. ..
Postmasters. Compensation of
Post-Office, Business of
P(t3t-Office Department 106,
Post-Office Distributing Offices 107,
Post-Offlce Receipts and Expenditures in
1849
54 Post-Offlce Statistics tiiic« 1790 157
-5.^ Post-Office Revenue 147, 149, 167
20(1 Presidents of the U. S. 103
331 Property of States 211
afti PuWic Lands 179
18- Public Lands, Sales of. 163, 180
1S7 Public Lands, Surveyors-General of. 112
261 Public Laws. Titles and Abstracts of 331
6 PublicLibraries inEuropeandAmerica ld4- 188
156 Public Resolutions of Congress 349
213 Railroads in New England 204-207
166 Railroads in Construction in New England 206
124 Railroads intheU. S 204-206
49 Receivers of Land Office 1 1 1
135 Refractions. Dr Young's 72
244;Register8 of Land Office Ill
221 Registration of Vessels 334
204 Religious Denominations 202
Representatives, Alphabetical List of.... 130
- 89 Representatives, House of. 127
201 Representatives, House of. Officers of. . . . 130
100 Representatives, U. S., Apportionment of 333
106 Resolutions, Public, of Congress 347
277 Revenue and Expenditure 158-164
116 Revenue, U. S., for 60 Years 163
116 Rhode Island 227
117 Satellites of Jupiter, Eclipses of, in 1831 . . 48
119 Saturn's Rings 60
137 School Fund of States 211
141 Seasons, B^inning and Length of 4
176 Secretaries of Legation 137, 141 , 142
178 Senate of the U. S. 125
259 Signs of the Planets. 3
286 Signs of the Zodiac 4
111 Slaves in the U. S 212
174 Smithsonian Institute 201
105 South Carolina 251
121 Southern Railroads 208
122 Sovereigns of Europe 300
123 Specific Duties. See Imports.
114 Siar, Pole, Places of. 62
121 Stars, Fixed, Apparent Places of. 64
215 State Department 104
238 Sute Elections, &c 202
336 State Finances, Debts, ftc. : 210,211
]56SutisticsofCoel 188-195
232Sun, Ephemerisofthe 66
207 Sun's Parallax in Altitude 73
8 Supreme Court, U. S 134
250 Surveyors of Land Office Ill
306 Tennessee 268
310 Texas 263
64 Texas Boundary Law 336
46 Theological Schools 200
274 Tides, Height of Greatest, in 1861 7
296 Titles and Abstracts of Public Laws 331
73 Tonnage of the U. S 165 175, 176
240 Tonnage,ComparativeViewof, for 34Years 176
IHTorpedo. Electricity of the 74
3 Trade, Foreign, Countries of 173
62 Treasury Department 104
299 Utah Territory 297
212 Venus and Mars, Disks of 49
150 Vermont 219
155VesselsofWarinU. S. Navy 123
156 Vessels, Recording of 334
152 Virginia 246
107 War Department 105
149 Western Railroads 209
149 West Indian Governments 299
147 Winds and Clouds 90-100
109 Wisconsin 290
Young's Refractions 72
149|Zudiac, Signs of the 4
THB
AMERICAN ALMANAC,
FOR
1851.
PART I.
THE
AMERICAN ALMANAC,
rOR THE TEAR
1851,
Being the latter part of the 75th, and the beginning of the 76th year
of the Independence of the United States of America ;
*' the 6564th year of the Julian Period ;
** the latter part of the 5611th, and the beginning of the 5613th
year since the creation of the world, according to the Jews ;
<' the 2604th year (according to Varro) since the foundation of
Rome;
*^ the 2598th year since the era of Nabonassar, which has been as-
signed to Wednesday, the 26th of February, of the 3967th
year of the Julian Period, which corresponds, according to
the chronologists, to the 747th, and, according to the astron-_
omers, to the 746th year before the birth of Christ ;
^' the 3627di year of the Olympiads, or the third year of the 657th
Olympiad, beginning in July, 1849, if we fix the era of the
Olympiads at 775i| years before Christ, or at or about the
beginning of July of the year 3938 of the Julian Period ;
" the latter part of the 1267th, and the beginning of the 1268th
year (of twelve lunations) since the Hegira, or flight of Ma-
homet, which, as is generally supposed, took place on the
16th of July, in the year 622 of the Christian era.
I. CALENDAR AND CJSLESTIAL PHENOMENA FOR
THE YEAR.
SIGNS OF THE PLANETS, &c.
© The Sun.
The Earth.
• B O <t ^^^ Moon.
5 Mercury.
% Venus.
Mars.
Vesta.
Juno.
Pallas.
Ceres.
m^ Jupiter.
"*i Saturn.
^ Herschel or- Uranus.
]^ Neptune.
•^ A fixed star.
^ Conjunction, ^ having the same Longitude or Right Ascension. '
G auadrature, or differing 90° in " " "
^ Opposition, or differing 180° in " ** "
{^ The ascending, ^ the descending node.
4 CJUmiOMOlCAL 0YCLC8, 8I0N8 CUT THE ZODIAC, ETC. [1861.
Tbe sign 4- is prefixed to the latitude, or declination, of the Sun, or
other heavenly body, when north, and the sign — when Mtmtk; but the
former prefixed to the hoarly motion of the Moon in latitude indicates
that she is approaching, and the latter that she is receding firom, the north
pole of the ecliptic.
The letters M. A,, m. a., denote Morning and ^emoon.
CHRONOLOGICAL CYCLES.
ifominical Letter, . . £
Epact, 28
Lunar Cycle, or Golden Number, 9
Solar Cycle,
Roman Indiction,
Julian Period, .
. 12
9
65«4
Spring
«gns*
Summer
signs.
SIGNS OF THE ZODIAC.
1. Y Aries.
*2. y Taurus.
o. n Gemini.
'4. Z5 Cancer.
'5. SI Leo.
'6. T^ Virgo.
7. ^ Libra.
8. Tl| Scorpio.
9. / Sagittarius.
'^ fp Capricornus.
xsi Aquarius.
'^ Pisces.
BEGINNING AND LENGTH OF THE SEASONS.
h. m. 8.
Sun enters ^ (Winter begins) 1850, Dec. 2l8t, 10 31 41 A. 1
»» « Y (Spring " ) 1851, March 20th, 11 47 21 A. ^^\^
«* »* qs (Summer ** ) " June 2l8t, 8 35 12 A. V Washing-
« « :iv (Autumn " ) " Sept. 23d, 10 42 56 M. ton Ob9e^
" »» ^ (Winter " ) •* Dec. 22d, 4 18 54 M. J ^•^"^y-
Sun in the Winter signs,
" »« Spring "
u 44 Summer "
" " Autumn "
d.
89
92
93
89
** north of Equator, (Spring and Summer,) 186
«* south of " (Winter and Autumn,) 178
Length of the tropical year, commencing at >
the winter solstice, 1850, and terminating > 365
at the winter solstice, 1851, . . . j
Mean or average length of the tropical year, 365
h. m. s.
1 15 40
20 47 51
14 7 44
17 35 58
10 55 35
18 51 38
5 47 13
5 48 48
1851.]
MOTABLE rESTIVAI.S.*-MW18H CAUENDAR.
MOVABLE FESTIVALS OF THE CHUKCH IN 1851.
Septuagesima Sunday, - Feb. 16th
Q^uinq. or Shrove Sunday, Mar. 2d
Ash Wed., Lent begins, Mar. 5th
Mid-Lent Sunday, Mar. 30th-
Palm Sunday, April 13th
Easter Sunday^ April 20th
Low Sunday, April 27th
Rogation Sunday, May 25th
Aseen. I>ay, or Holy Th., May 29th
Whitsunday, or Pentecost, June 8th
Trinity Sunday, June 15th
Corpus Christi Day, ) j^^.iQit,
F^te Dieu,
Advent Sunday,
Nov. 30th
JEWISH CALENDAR.
[The aQQirenaries marked with an asteriak C^') are to be stiicUy ofaeenred.]
Year. Names of the Moniha.
5611 Thebet begins, Dec. 6,1850
'< «^ 10th, Fast for the Siege of Jerusalem, . Dec. 15, <«
«< Sebat begins, Jan. 4, 1851
" Adar begins, Feb. 3, "
" «♦ 14th, Little Purim, Feb. 16, "
(( Veader begins, • Mar. 5, *'
" *« 13th, Fast of Esther, Mar. 17, **
'* " 14th, *Purim, Mar. 18, ♦*
«< <« 15th, Schuscan Purim, Mar. 19, **
*' Nisan begins, . April 3, ^
^* '' I5th, 'Beginning of the Passover, . . . April 17, *^
** ** 16th, 'Second Feast, or Morrow of the Passover, April 18, **
" " 21st, 'Seventh Feast, April 23, **
" " 22d, 'End of the Passover, .... April 24, "
** Ijar begins, ........ May 3, ^
" " 18th, Lag Beomer, May 20, **
** Sivan begins, June 1, *'
*« " 6th, 'Feast of Weeks or Pentecost, . . June 6, "
" *♦ 7th, 'Second Feast, June 7, "
^ ThammuB begins, July 1, ^
M «« 17th, Fast for the taking of the Temple, . July 17, ">
« Ab begins, July 30, "
" " 9th, 'Fast for the burning of the Temple, . . Aug. 7, "
«« «« Elul begins, Aug. 29, **
5612 Tisri begins, 'Feast for the New Year, . . . Sept. 27, •«
" " 2d, 'Second Feast for the New Year, . . Sept. 28, **
« »* 3d, FastofGedaljah, Sept. 29, «
'^ *' 10th, 'Fast of the Reconciliation or Atonement, Oct. 6, *'
" " 15th, 'Feast of the Huts or Tabernacles, . .-pet. 11, "
1*
MAHOMETAN CALENDAR.
[1851.
u
(C
it
Year. Namesoftha Months.
5612 Tifri 16th, ^Second Feast of the Hats, . . . Oct. 12, 1851.
2l8t, Feast of Pahns or Branchet, . . . Oct. 17,
22d, *EQd of the Hut or Congregatioii Feast, Oct. 18,
23d, *Rejoicing for the DiscoYery of the Law, Oct. 19,
Marchesvan begins, Oct. 27,
Chislea begins, Not. 25,
" 25th, Consecration of the Temple, . Dec. 19,
Thebet begins, Dec. 24,
«« 10th, Fast for the Siege of Jerusalem, . . Jan. 2,1852.
The Jewish year generally contains 354 days, or 12 lunations of the
Moon; but in a cycle of 19 years, an intercalary month (Veader) is 7 times
introduced, for the purpose of rendering the average duration of the year
nearly or quite correct.
cc
u
it
u
u
u
u
«c
cc
Ci
cc
cc
cc
tc
cc
MAHOMETAN CALENDAR.
Tear. Names of the Mooths.
1267 Saphar begins, .
«* Rabia I. »*
" Rabia n. " .
" Jomadhil. "
Jomadhill. '• .
Redjeb «
Chaban " .
Ramadan '*
Bchewall "
Deu'l-kadah ^
Dsu'l-hejjah »*
1268 Muharrem
** Saphar
^ Rabia I.
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
(Month of Fasting,)
(Bairam,) .
cc
cc
cc
Dec. 6, 1850.
Jan. 4, 1851.
Feb. 3, "
Mar. 4, "
April 3, "
May 2, "
June 1, "
June 30, *<
July 30, "
Aug. 28, "
Sept. 27, "
Oct. 27, "
Nov. 26, "
Dec. 25, "
The Mahometan £ra dates from the flight of Mahomet to Medina, July
16th, A. D. 622.
The Mahometan year is purely lunar ; it consists of 12 synodical periods
of the Moon, or of 354 days 19 times in a cycle of 30 years, and of 355
days 11 times. The average length of this year is therefore 3543) days,
which differs only thirty-three seconds fl'om the truth ; a degree of exact*
ness that could only have been attained by a long series of observations.
But as no allowance is made for the excess of 11 days in the length of a
tropical year over the time of 12 revolutions of the Moon, it is obvious that
once in about 33 years the above months will correspond to every season
and every part of the Gregorian year.
1851.]
BEIOHT or SPRING TIDES.
HEIGHT OF THE GREATEST OR SPRING TIDES IN 1851.
Computed by the Formula of Laplace (Micanique Cileste^ Vol. II. pp. 289,
Paris ed.^ and [2858] Botod. ed.).
New or
FuU
Height of
New or
FuU
Height of
the Tide
Mood
.
the Tide.
Moon.
d.
h.
d. h.
New Moon,
Jan. 2,
5M.
0.78
Full Moon,
July 13, 2 M. 0.76
Full
tt
17
12 M.
1.01
New
ii
28, 10 M. 0.97
New
•c
Feb. 1,
IM.
0.79
Full
(4
Aug. 11, 5 A. 0.84
Full
M
16
11 A.
1.09
New
U
25, 12 A. 1.08
New
t»
Mar. 2,
8 A.
0.84
Full
tt
Sept. 10, 9M. 0.83
Full
M
17.
8M.
1.13
New
tt
25, 1 M. 1.10
New
M
April 1,
1 A.
0.88
FuU
tt
Oct. 10, 1 M. 0.87
Full
M
15,
5 A.
1.06
New
ti
24, 10 M. 1.09
New
U
May 1,
4M.
0.88
Full
«t
Nov. 8, 6 A. 0.86
Full
U
15,
3M.
0.94
New
tt
22, 9 A. 0.98
New
C(
30,
4 A.
0.89
Full
tt
Dec. 8, 10 M. 0.84
Full
u
Jane 13,
1 A.
0.82
New
tt
22, 10 M. 0.87
New
((
20,
2M.
0.89
w
The unit of altitude at anj place is the height at that place of that tide
which arriyes about a day aiid a half after the time of New or Full Moon,
when the Sun and Moon, at the moment of conjunction or opposition, are
at their mean distance from the Earth, and in the plane of the celestial
equator.
This unit of altitude, which must be derived from observation for each
place, multiplied by the quantities in the above table, gives the height of
the spring tides at that place during the present year.
By the above table it appears that the highest tides of 1851 will be those
of Jan. 19, Feb. 17, March 19, April 17, Aug. 27, Sept. 26, and Oct. 25.
The actual rise of the tide, however, depends so much on the strength
and direction of the wind, that it not unfrequently happens that a tide,
which would, independently of these, have been small, is higher than
another, otherwise much greater. But when a tide, which arrives when
the Sun and Moon are in a fiivorable pontion for producing a great eleva-
tion, is still further increased by a very strong wind, the rise of the water
will be uncommonly great ; sufficient, perhaps, to cause damage.
The formula from which these tides were computed is, however, strict-
ly true only for Brest and its vicinity, and must be regarded as a very un-
certain approximation for the coast of the United States.
8 DAkEHEaa or tbi mights. [1861.
DARKNESS OF THE NIGHTO DURING THE YEAR iffil.
for Bottoit, Jftte Yvrlc, PlaUMfhia, WaMngten, tfc.
rrom ili« cDiI of Ui
ID lug twilight.
M
13 h.
FA
11 II
H>r.
April
Sh.
Th.
Sh.
July
*ug
7b.
Bh.
Oct
Sh.
Not.
11 h.
Dm. ,
2
1
IS
13
la
21
23
sa
ao
31
>
•
•
a..
•
„..■■■'
...9-
4
•
fl.
•
•
•
■J,
■6-
I--'""
:
■■>
a ■:■■■■
!.■
r
■■>
„.p-
1-
1.
•
-J,
..^-■
<I-
«
1851.]
DARKNESS OF THE NIGHTS.
9
For Charleston^ JVeto Orleans^ ^.
Si's
1
2
3
4
6
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
90
21
82
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Jan.
11 h.
Q.
^ •••• '
Feb.
10 h.
<•
Mar.
9h.
•£>
April
8h.
•O"
<[..
.]>
.>
• •••«
o-
..]>
May.
7h.
Jun.
6h.
^..
d.
.])
G-
.>
.•C5'
.])
e-
Julj.
7h.
<[...<
... j^
o*
Aug.
8h.
<.
•••])
•d'
Sept.
911.
<I-
St
Oct.
10 h.
Not.
11 h.
Dec.
11 h.
<[•
n
r
V
•
•
«•
•
••
• •
•••
••• 1)
••••
>
■ ••
••••
•
•
• •»•
••••
•
• •••
■ •••
•
•
••
• •••
••••
• ••
•»
• •••
• •••
(
3
• •••
G"-
••
• ••r^
••••
•••
••••])
e-
•€>'
<[•
<(»..
10 January^ First Months begins on Wednesday. [1851.
Twilight begins and ends. Mean Time.
Ist day.
7tli day.
; 13th day. |
19th day.
25th day. |
Begins,
h. m.
Ends
h. m.
. Begins,
h. m.
Ends-
h. m.
Begins,
h. m.
Ends.
h. m.
Begins. Ends,
h. m. h. m.
Begins
h. m.
. Ends,
h. m.
Boston,
6 48m
6 20!
I 5 48m
6 34a
5 48m
6 39a
5 47m 6 85a
544m 643a
N. York,
546
623
546
6 36
540
6 31
546
687
643
644
Wash'n,
6 43
625
5 44
6 39
544
684
64S
6S0
5 41
645
Charles.,
535
638
636
6 87
587
6 41
586
64tf
685
6 51
N. Oil's, 6 31
637
6 33 640
584
644
633
640
533
654
APOOBB AND PBRIOBB OF THB MOON.
Apogee, 5th day, Ilh. A. | Perigee, 18tb day, 9h. M.
PHA8B8 OP THB MOON.
New Moon, 2d day, 5h. 35.8m. M. Full Moon, 17th day, llh. 33.0m. M.
First Quarter, 10th " 11 13.3 M. Last Quarter, 24th " 3 8.6 M.
•
§
to
i
Sun's upper limb rises and sets (cor. for refr.) M. Time.
High Water. M.Time.
i
««
«
55
§
r
c
3 .
15
•
o
1
rises.
h.m.
sets.
h. m.
rises
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
rises.
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
rises.
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
rises.
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
1
W.
7 80
4 38
725
4 43
7 19
4 49
7 8
6 5
556
5 12
i0 4im
8 3im
6 4im
2
Th.
80
39
25
44
19
50
3
6
56
18
11 16
8 56
7 16
3
F.
80
40
25
45
19
50
3
7
57
18
11 57
937
7 57
4
5
S.
8u.
80
7 80
40
25
46
4 47
19
7 19
61
4 62
3
7
57
14
6 14
83a
10 13
833
4 42
7 25
7 9
5 8
6 57
1 9a
10 49m
9 9m
6
M.
.30
43
25
48
19
53
9
57
16
144
1134
944
7
Tu.
80
44
25
49
19
54
10
57
16
3 16
11 66
10 16
8
W.
39
46
24
50
19
55
11
57
17
2 53
33a
10 63
9
Th.
29
46
24
51
19
66
11
57
18
3 29
1 9
11 39
10
F.
39
47
24
62
19
67
13
57
19
4 9
1 49
9a
11
12
S.
Su.
38
7 28
48
4 49
24
7 24
68
19
66
13
57
19
6 30
4 56
3 36
66
4 64
7 18
4 59
7 3
5 14
6 67
5 dea
8 36a
1 66a
13
M.
38
50
23
65
18
5
8
16
67
21
7 4
4 44
3 4
14
Tu.
27
61
23
56
18
1
3
16
67
22
8 14
6 64
4 14
15
W.
37
52
33
67
17
2
3
17
67
23
9 33
7 8
5 23
16
Th.
27
53
23
68
17
3
3
18
57
24
10 15
7 65
6 15
17
F.
26
55
21
5
17
5
3
19
57
25
11 8
848
7 18
18
19
S.
Su.
25
7 26
56
4 67
21
7 20
1
16
6
5 7
3
7 3
30
5 30
56
6 56
25
5 26
11 56
936
766
5 2
7 16
• » •
10 36a
8 46a
20
M.
24
58
20
3
16
8
1
31
66
27
46m
11 13
032
21
Tu.
24
5
19
4
16
9
1
32
55
28
1 33
11 59
10 19
22
W.
23
1
19
6
14
10
1
23
56
29
3 19
...
11 8
23
Th.
22
2
18
7
14
11
24
65
29
3 8
48m
11 64
24
F.
21
3
17
8
13
13
26
54
80
3 54
1 34
...
25
26
Su.
31
7 20
5
17
9
5 10
13
7 12
13
5 14
6 59
6 59
26
51
6 54
31
6 32
444
3 34
44m
5 6
7 16
6 27
5 4im
3 2im
1 4im
27
M.
19
7
16
11
11
16
58
28
53
33
6 63
433
3 63
28
Tu.
18
8
14
12
10
17
68
39
63
34
8 5
546
4 5
29
W.
17
10
13
14
9
18
57
30
52
35
19
6 69
5 19
30
Th.
16
13
12
15
8
19
57
31
52
36
10 17
7 57
6 17
31
F.
15
13
11
16
8
30
66
82
51
37
11 5
846
7 5
1851.] Jamiary has Thirty -one Days. 11
Fasaage of the Meridian (mean time) and Declination of the Planeia.
1st day.
7th day.
13th day.
19th day.
2dth day.
souths.
Dec.
souths .
Dec.
southa
r. Dec.
souths.
Dec.
souths.
Dec.
h. m.
O 1
h. m.
O 1
h. m.
o ^
h. m.
/
h. m.
I
5
1 33a
— 33 66
1 37a
— 19 3]
I 1 138
I — 17
5 033a
— 16 19
11 39m
— 17 6
9
10 34m
— 18 13
9 69m
— 17 8f
) 9 40m — 17 38 9 36m
— 17 89
9 16
— 18
11 34
— 34 8
11 19
— 94 I
t 11 16
— 38 48 11 13
— 38 35
11 9
—33 63
21.
6 8
— 7
6 16
— 7 IS
I 564
— 7 33 6 33
— 7 39
6 10
— 784
h
6 13a
-- 8 31
6 60a
--8 3'
r 6 37a
t - - 8 34 5 5a
--3 43
443a
-- 8 64
¥
6 65
--9 41
6 81
4-9 4]
I 6 8
4-943 644
--944
6 31
-|-9 46
•
Moon rises or sets. Mean Time.
^
1^
PHENOMENA AND OBSERVA-
C
^ 4
13
•
•
TIONS.
o
1
ll
•
2:
%
3e3
15
Sundays and Holidays.
seta.
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
Waahiogton Mean Time.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
d. h. m. o 1
1
11 36m
4 ua
4 30a
4 36a
4 43a
4 49a
Circumcision.
2
16a
6 6
6 13
6 18
6 88
5 40
1 10 3m (5 (J<C ^ 8 37 S.
3
1 6
6 69
6 4
6 9
6 36
630
4 10 38a 9 stationary.
4
1 63
6 66
7
7 6
7 17
734
5 3 nmn \Q»
2d Sunday after Oiristmas.
3 89a
7 6ia
7 66a
7 69a
8 loa
8 16a
6
8 34
849
8 63
8 66
9 4
9 8
Epipliany.
7
4 6
949
9 60
963
966
10 3
6 3 63a 9 stationary.
8
449
10 46
10 47
10 48
10 51
10 53
0^ 8 im ^ gr. elong. 19 9 E.
9
683
11 46
11 46
11 46
1146
1147
9 10 39a ^ in Q.
10
11
6 16
9 11 8a 2 hC >2 337N.
10 8 16a ^ 9(C 9 4 69N.
1st Sunday after Epiphany.
7 1
46m
46m
46m
4im
4im
7 49a
1 6im
1 49m
1 46m
14im
1 39m
13
8 41
3 66
3 63
360
3 41
338
13 54a nJJtO.
14
9 87
4 8
3 69
8 66
3 43
3 39
13 7 18a g stationary.
15
10 87
6 11
6 7
63
448
444
18 3 53m 9 in Perihelion.
16
11 40
rises.
rises.
rises.
rises.
rises.
14 4 63a V in ApheJion.
Lunar eclipse, ii^yis. in U. S.
17
S
6 6a
6 isa
5 17a
5 33a
6 4oa
18
43m
6 31
6 35
639
643
649
14 16a ^ in Perihelion.
2d Sunday after Epiphany.
1 43m
7 86a
7 4oa
7 44a
7 63a
7 58a
20
3 41
8 61
8 64
8 65
9 3
9 6
16 9 50a D^Q.
21
3 36
10 4
10 4
10 6
10 8
10 11
31 17m 9 at greatest bril'ncy.
22
438
11 16
11 14
11 14
11 18
11 14
32 4 7m Inf. (5 50.
23
6 18
33 4 6im (5 JJ^C jjf 4 3 S.
34 8 16a ^ gr. Hel. Lat. N.
24
6 7
ossm
3im
30m
15m
16m
25
6 66
137
1 36
133
1 16
1 18
Conversion of St. Paul,
3d Sunday after Epiphany.
7 44m
3 3im
3 S8m
3 35m
3 16m
3 um
27
8 38
8 33
838
3 34
8 13
8 9
28 3 48m <J 9 <C 9 1 44 N.
28
9 38
439
436
4 31
4 6
4 3 .
29 9 38a ^ 5 (J 5 4 16N.
29
10 18
6 33
6 18
5 14
469
4 54
30ii3im^ gC 5 3 sN.
30
11 3
6 11
6 6
6 3
648
6 48
30 65a ^ ^(C ^ 5^ S.
31 11 49
6 66
6 61
648
687
639
Solar e(
slipse, invis. m U. S.
, Second Month, begins on Saturdag. [1651.|
^
I. .J,
13th d.y, 1
MLhd.^. 1
Boston,
N. York,
Wash'n,
Charies.,
N.Ori's,
M
em
• *8
sn
830
tu
h.111.
8 ism 7 loa
818 TW
1 em
it
7 17»
718
7 M
*po««,Bdcl.r.7h.M. 1 P,ri,«.16lhd.r.8h.A.
NbwMsob, litdK, Oh.6a92i^'M.'*|™"M«n, IMh d«,10h. SaOoL A.
FlntQouUr, 9ih '' 3 47.B H. | Un Qunnsr, X2il "^ 4 ao.l A.
i
i
1
"2
3
4
5
6
7
-?
10
11
13
14
15
le
17
18
^
21
22
23
24
2S
26
27
38
1
•b
1
s.
&r
M.
Tn
W.
111.
F.
S.
SiiD'i«9q>erl)DbriM«idMi(co>.fbrn(t.} H. Time.
HiHliWM.r. M.Tliiw.|
1
!'
t-
j
h
i
I
it
J
t 14
h.Di
iLn.
iLm.
I 7
isa
8 18
SM
b^
888
T4Bm
la
an
30
3t
34
»
r <
96
38
8 88
SI
88
M
88
St
SO
so
188
48
48
48
888
80
40
41
«
48
088
3!»
8
sst
ea
084
en
18 381
188, 1
Su.
M.
Tu
W.
Th.
F.
S.
r e
SI
n
■ 96
30
so
as
IBB
D8
«e
u
83
sa
84
M
48
48
840
49
43
948
48
•1
49
40
4 44
48
48
43
48
li
349
S48
788
t8a
838
448
Su.
M.
Tu.
W.
rh.
F.
s.
Sa.
H.
Tu.
W.
Th
F.
w
to
48
4a
48
48
49
UK
43
43
48
8 43
43
40
SO
t7
48
48
80
ISO
88
OS
M
88
)80
83
118
10 88
74SS
888
018
14a
4)
14S
43
4B
48
S4S
40
48
48
40
9 41
W
as
47
48
80
86
83
80
38
8<
88
718
8 47
leim
940
8 8
ear
788
8 iim
9 4
898
s w
1851.] Fehrtuxry has ikoenty-
•et|
rht Days.
lination of the F
IS
Pamaga of the M
eridian
h day.
Cmeaa time) and Dec
laneto. .
let day.
71
•
13th day.
19lh
iday.
29th day.
aotahs.
Dec.
aouthi
t. Dec
aotahs.
Dec.
aotUAa.
Dec.
aotaha.
Dec.
h. m.
O 1
h. m.
O 1 '
h. m.
o /
h. m.
1
h. m.
1
5
10 63m
— 18 y
' 10 3311
a — 19 33
10 S8m
— 19 63
10 3im
— 19 80
10 89m
—18 31
V
9 8
^—18 8]
1 9 4
— 18 64
9 3
— 19 9
9 8
—19 13
9 4
— 19 3
1
11 4
— 33 S
I 11
— 31 9
1
10 66
— 30 8
10 M
— 10
10 47
— 17 44
:?f
443
— 781
430
»
— 737
3 66
— 784
8 83
— 739
8 7
— 7 51
h
4 na
--4 7
8 668
k +4 19
3 38a
--483
3 13a
-4-4 47
3 6ia
4-6 2
9
4 54
--94fi
» 4 31 + 9 63
4 8
+ 9 67i 8 46
--10 2
338
--10 7
n
. 1
Mooa rises or s^ts. Mean Time. 1
««
Souths
1 Time.
-^ 1
PHENOMENA AND ORRKRVA-
TIONSL
c
o
4
M
M
4
m
c
CD
II
1
1
•
2:
1
1
g
S
•
Sundays and Holidays,
sets.
8et8.
seta.
sets.
sets.
Washington Mean Time.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
d. h. m. o 4
1
36a
644a
6 47a
5 53a
6 3a
6 loa
3 6 83a ^ Stationary.
ith Sund. after Epiph. Pu^
1 3ia
6 43a
646a
6 49a
6 69a
7 3a
3
3 6
740
7 43
744
7 61
7 66
[ rijicaiion.
4 7 63m9 gr. Ret. Lat. N.
4
3 47
888
840
8 41
844
848
5
8 39
988
938
938
939
9 41
6 9iim<JT2(C h 3 48N.
6
4 13
10 36
10 34
10 36
10 33
10 33
7 4 14m({9(C 9 5 iN.
• ir7
4 55
1188
11 36
1136
1139
11 39
7 6 ism 21 stationary.
I"
8
5 41
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
9 3 87a (5 JvSerp. 5|ci o S.
5lh Sunday after Epiphany.
6 3oa
4om
37in
36m
37m
35m
10
733
1 46
1 43
138
137
134
11 9 63a(5g^Oph. :)|ciiiS.
11
8 18
360
346
3 41
338
336
12
9 18
356
8 61
3 47
3 33
8 38
15 6 7a b fp. elong. 38 3iW.
13
10 19
4 67
463
448
436
4 39
16 1 7a 9 m 8»
14
11 31
rtses.
rtses.
rtses.
rtses.
rises.
17 6«2m6 JT^ $ 4 63S.
15
<?
6 7a
5 loa
6 14a
5 36a
6 83a
17 8 7m ^ in Q.
Sepiuagesima Sunday.
19 1 89a ^ j!l<i j/ 8 68 S.
3im
6 34a
6 38a
6 30a
6 37a
642a
17
1 10
789
7 41
743
7 47
7 61
18
3 16
8 68
8 64
866
866
8 67
31 9S5a ^ 9<//^ ^ 8 S.
19
3 8
10 6 ]
10 4
10 4
10
10
23 9 8a <J 9 p' f 5|C 1 1 N.
20
3 60
11 16 ]
11 13
11 11
11 4
11 4
36 4 63a igr. elong. 46 43 W.
21
440
• • •
• • >
• • •
• • •
• • •
37 6 63m I2 gr. He]. Lat. S.
22
5 40
3ini
18m
i6ra
6m
3m
36 11 66m <J 9 C 9 1 »* N,
Sexagesima Sunday,
6 3om
1 36in
1 3im
1 nm
1 6m
1 2m
24
730
334
330
3 16
3 3
168
St. Matthias.
25
8
8 19
3 14
8 10
3 66
3 61
37 11 63m ^ in Aphelion.
26
8 68
4
4 4
4
346
340
383 37a^y^ ^034 8.
27
946
464
440
446
4 33
437
38 4 6a ^ JC ^ 6 S.
2S 10 38 1
634 530
6 36
6 13
5 8
384i6a^^C ^asoS.
14 March^ Third Months begins on Saturday, [1851.
Twilight begins and ends. Mean I'ima.
1
1st day. 1
7ih day.
1 13ih day.
Ibih day.
25ih day.
begins.
b. m.
Ends.
h. m.
Begins,
h. m.
Ends
h. m.
Ijegins.
h. m.
hinds,
h.m.
Begins. Ends
h. m. h. m.
. Begins. Ends,
h. m. h. m.
Boston,
5 zm
723a
4 53m
7 29a 4 43m
7 87a
4 83m 7 46a 4 20m 7 62a|
N. York,
6 4
722
454
728
444
7 86
484
742
433
749
Wash'n,
5 6
721
456
727
446
7 34
4 36
740
426
746
Charles.,
5 7
7 19 1
459
724
4 61
7 29
4 43
7 83
484
7 88
N.Ori's, ft 7
7 19 !
6
728
4 63
7 27
445
7 31
437
786
APOOBB AND PKRIOBB OF THB MOON.
Apogee, let day, lOh. M. | Perigee, IGthday, 7h. M. | Apogee, 23th day, 6h A.
PHASBS OF THB MOON.
New Moon, 2d day, Sh. 6.8in. A. Pull Muon, 1 7th day, 8h. 10.7m. M.
First Quarter,10th " 4 96.7 . A. Last Quarter. 24th '* 8 17.6 M.
§
1
1
Sun's upper limb rises and sets (cor. for rofr.) M. Time.
High Water. M.TIme.
^
««
i
r
a
1'
•
as
•
i
1
i.
ri9t8.
h.m.
sels.
h. m.
rises,
h. ta.
sets.
h. m.
rises.
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
nses.
h.m.
sets.
h. m.
rises.
h.m.
sets.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
1
2
s.
Su.
686
5 50
6 85
6 51
683
5 58
6 29
5 57
697
5 59
10 48m
828m
6 48m
635
5 61
6 83
6 62
682
6 54
6 27
5 66
6 26
6
11 37m
9 7m
7 37m
3
M.
ta
52
31
63
80
55
26
69
24
oa
940
8
4
Tu.
82
68
80
64
29
56
25
6
23
1
032
10 13
833
5
W.
80
64
28
55
27
57
23
23
2
1 1
10 41
9 1
6
Th.
38
66
27
67
26
58
23
1
21
3
130
11 10
930
7
F.
27
67
25
56
24
59
21
2
20
8
2 8
11 43
10 3
8
9
S.
29
68
24
69
23
6
20
3
19
4
330
loa
10 80
6 23
6 59
6 22
6
S21
6 1
6 18
6 4
6 17
6 6
8 6a
46a
11 6m
10
M.
21
6
21
1
20
2
17
4
16
6
3 44
134
11 44
11
Ta.
19
1
19
2
18
8
16
6
15
6
428
2 8
38a
12
W.
18
8
17
8
17
4
15
6
14
6
529
3
139
13
Th.
16
4
15
4
16
6
13
7
13
7
6 56
436
3 66
14
F.
16
6
14
6
14
6
12
7
12
8
826
6 6
436
15
16
S.
Su,
13
6
12
6
12
7
11
8
10
8
9 41
7 21
6 41
6 11
6 7
6 11
6 7
Sll
6 8
6 10
6 9
6 9
6 9
10 37a
8 na
6 87a
17
M.
9
9
9
8
9
9
8
9
8
10
1129
9 9
739
18
Tu.
8
10
8
10
8
10
7
10
7
10
. . •
958
8 18
19
W.
6
11
6
11
6
11
6
11
6
11
ism
10 88
858
20
Th.
4
12
4
12
4
12
4
12
6
11
058
11 18
9 88
21
F.
2
18
2
18
2
13
3
12
3
12
1 38
11 68
10 18
22
23
S.
Su.
1
14
1
14
1
14
2
13
2
18
2 18
...
10 69
5 69
6 16
5 59
6 15
5 69
6 16
S
6 14
6 1
6 13
2 59m
039m
11 38a
24
M.
57
16
58
16
68
16
6 59
14
14
388
1 18
• • •
25
l^'
65
18
66
17
66
17
68
15
658
14
426
3 6
036m
26
W.
64
19
64
18
65
18
56
15
67
15
624
3 4
1 24
27
Th.
62
20
63
19
63
19
56
16
66
16
649
429
249
28
^
60
21
61
20
63
19
64
17
64
16
8 11
6 61
4 11
29
30
S.
Su.
48
6 47
22
49
21
60
30
6 21
63
S51
18
58
17
8 17
929
7 9
629
6 28
S48
6 23
6 49
6 18
6 63
10 18m
7 68m
6 18m
31
M.
46
24
46
23
47
22 49
19
61
18 10 67 1 8 87 6 67 1
1851.] March has Thirty-one Days. 15
Passage of the Meridian (mean time) and Declination of the Planets.
Isi day.
7ih day. |
13th day. |
19th day.
25th day. J
sotUhs.
Dec.
aotUha.
Dec
aotuha.
Dec.
aotUka.
Dec.
aotaha.
Dec.
h. m.
o /
h. m.
O /
h. m.
O 4
h. m.
O 1
h. m.
o /
5
11 46m
—17 €
) 10 67m
— 14 41
11 iim
—11 37
11 36m
— 739
11 4sm
— 2 47
9
9 6
— 18 4e
( 9 8
—18 7
9 11
— 17 11
9 16
— 16 57
9 18
— 14 36
^
10 43
— 16 6(
) 10 38
-^16 33
10 83
— 18 50
10 27
— 13 IS
10 33
— 10 82
S
543
— 16
637
— 16 8
6 9
—16 6
1
6 18
— 10 14
668
— 9 51
688
— 937
21
3 61
— 7 Ifi
» 3 35
— 7 4
3
— 660
134
— 636
1 8
— 630
h
3 37a
--5 IS
\ 3 15a
--628
1 64a
--644
138a
--6 1
1 13a
--6 18
9
3 8
-|-10 1]
[ 345
-|-10 17
333
-j-10 33
3
-j-10 39
1 38
+10 36
a
Moon rises or sets. Mean time.
C
i
O
PHENOMENA AND OBSERVA-
TIONS.
Sundays and Holidays,
•
i
i
4
^4
<s
n
as
^
o
2
aeia.
seta.
acta.
aeta.
aeta.
Washington Mean Time.
h. tn.
h. ra.
h. m.
h. vn.
h. m.
h. m.
d. h. m. o #
1
11 19m
4 35a
4 39a
4 43a
4 53a
4 66a
St. David.
(iuinquages, or Skr. Sunday.
8 8 5m<{ gvyj * 63 8.
4 11 54m i ^ dv;.
3a
6 33a
6 36a
6 39a
6 46a
6 6oa
3
46
6 33
6 34
636
640
643
4
1S8
7 31
7 33
733
734
736
5
3 11
830
830
830
8 39
839
Ash Wednesday,
6
3M
9 31
930
9 39
934
934
6 5 4Omnft0.
7
3 38
10 33
10 30
10 37
10 31
10 19
5 8 38a 6n.<^ h 3«2N.
8
4 34
11 35
11 33
1139
11 19
11 16
6 9a i'^iL 9 4 66N.
1st Sun. Lent. Quadragesima.
6 15a
• • •
• • •
• • •
• « •
• • •
10
6 8
038m
34m
3om
18m
i&m.
9 i44m<5 $v3C * i3oN.
11
7 4
143
137
133
1 19
1 16
9 6im i 9 iryf 3|c 66 S.
12
8 3
343
3 39
334
3 19
3 14
10 6 62m 2 S»?Oph. jj^ 36 N.
13
9 3
3 40
8 35
3 31
3 17
3 13
10 9 18m^ 9pVJ 51^ 37 S.
14
10 3
4 31
437
433
4 10
4 6
13 9 40a ^ QvVJ 5|C 134S.
15
11 00
5 16
6 18
6 9
4 54
466
16 9 88mn 50*
2d Sunday in Lent.
11 66a
rises
rises.
rises.
rises.
rises.
17
<?
6 36a
6 37a
638a
6 30a
6 33a
St. Patrick.
18
5im
7 46
746
7 44
743
743
17 8 46a <J OQ.
19
1 44
863
863
8 61
846
846
18 10 63m ^ ^ 9 $ 6 38 S.
20
337
10 4 ]
10 3
9 69
9 61
949
18 8 6ia S^lCl JV8 88 S.
19 10 15a g gr. Hel. Lat. S.
21
3 39
11 11 :
11 8
11 5
10 54
10 60
22
S.
4 31
• • •
• • •
• • •
11 63
1160
30 10 3a 2 §391(5 ^ isS.
3d Sunday in Lent, [begins.
6 ism
16m
iim
7m
• • •
• • •
24
6 3
1 13
1 8
1 4
6om
45m
30 11 47a O enters <Y* • Spring
25
6 64
3 6
3 1
167
1 43
187
Annunciation. Lady Day.
26
743
3 63
3 48
3 44
3 39
334
37 8 45a <J g 5 Sf 130N.
27
830
334
3 39
3 35
3 13
3 7
38 10 67m ^ 9 C 9 3 3 N.
28
9 16
4 9
4 6
4 3
3 61
3 47
39 7 4im^ 9/aVJ 5|C 67 S.
29
10 1
440
4 37
4 36
4 36
4 33
» 7 27a ^ ^(C i 15lN.
Ath Sundav in Lent.
30 63m ^ gr* Hel. Lat. S.
10 44m
6 lom
6 8m
6 6m
4 69m
4 66m
31
1136
6 36
6 35
634
6 30 6 30
16 Aprily Fourth Months begins on Tuesday^ [1851.
Twilight begjna and ends. Mean Time.
let day.
1 7ih day.
13th day.
19th day. |
2dth day. {
Begins,
h. m.
Ends
h. m.
. logins,
h. m.
Eada.
h. m.
Begins,
h. m.
Ends,
h. m.
Begins
h. m.
. Ends,
h. m.
Begins,
h. ra.
Enda.
h. m.
Boston,
4 7m
8 U
I 3 66m
8 9a
3 4Sm
8 18a
3 3iml 8 27a
3 19m
8 37a
N. York,
4 11
7 57
360
8 6
8 48
8 14
387
833
3 26
830
Waah'n,
4 15
768
4 4
8 1
363
8 9
343
8 17
3 33
825
Charles.,
436
748
4 16
7 49
4 7
766
8 69
8
3 61
8 6
N.Orrs,
439
780
4 31
7 44
4 18
7 49
4 5
753
368
768
J ■ ■■
PBBIon AND APOOBB Or THB MOON.
Perigee, IStbdaj, lli. A. | Apogee, 26th day, llh. M.
P1CA8B8 OF THB MOON.
New Moon, 1st day, Ih. 24.6m. A. Full Moon, 16th day, 3h. 27.2m. A.
First Quarter, 9th " 1 64.0 M. Last Quarter, 23d « 1 49.9^ M.
1
1
t
1
Sun's upper limb rises and sets (cor. for refr. ) M. Time.
High Water. M. Time.
i
*•
a
1
1^
m
•
ruea. sets.
h. m. h. m.
riaesA
h. m.
aeU.
1. m.
rises.
iLm.
sets.
h. m.
rises.
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
rises,
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
1
Tu.»4a
6 35
6 44
5 34
5 46
633
6 49
6 30
6 60
6 19
il3im
9 um
7 3im
2
W. 41
36
48
35
44
34
47
31
40
19
sa
943
8 3
3
Th.
40
27
41
36
43
35
46
31
48
90
81
10 11
8 31
4
F.
88
39
89
97
40
36
44
33
46
90
1 3
10 43
9 3
5
6
S.
86
80
88
38
39
37
43
33
45
91
633
133
11 13
933
6 84
6 81
6 86
S39
5 37
638
6 43
6 38
644
3 6a
11 46m
10 6m
7
M.
88
83
85
31
86
39
41
34
43
33
340
30a
10 40
8
Tu.
81
83
88
83
84
30
89
35
41
33
333
1 3
11 33
9
W.
SO
84
81
83
33
31
88
36
40
33
4 9
1 49
9a
10
Th.
98
36
39
84
31
33
37
36
39
34
5 13
363
113
11
F.
36
37
38
85
80
33
86
97
38
36
6 41
4 31
3 41
13
13
S.
34
88
36
36
38
34
34
9«
6 38
87
35
8 11
6 61
4 11
523
6 89
536
S37
6 37
686
6 33
636
636
933a
7 3a
5 33a
14
M.
31
40
38
38
36
36
33
39
36
36
10 30
8
630
15
Tu.
30
41
33
89
34
37
31
80
84
37
11 6
846
7 6
16
W.
18
43
30
40
33
88
39
80
33
38
1149
939
749
17
Th.
16
43
19
41
31
39
3H
81
81
38
• • •
10 13
8 33
18
F.
15
44
17
43
19
40
37
33
80
39
33m
10 63
9 13
19
20
S.
18
513
45
16
43
18
41
36
83
39
39
630
1 13
11 33
9 63
6 47
5 14
6 44
6 17
643
636
683
628
1 63m
• • •
10 30a
21
M.
10,
48
13
46
16
43
34
34
27
31
330
lom
11 11
22
Tu.
8
49
11
46
14
44
33
36
36
81
3 11
61
11 68
23
W.
7
60
10
47
13
45
33
36
35
33
8 68
1 38
• • •
24
Th.
6
7 1
8
48
11
46
30
86
34
33
453
333
63m
25
F.
4
3
7
49
10
47
19
87
33
83
6 9
349
3 9
26
27
S.
Su.
3
5 1
8
5
60
9
48
18
87
32
34
728
6 8
3 38
7 4
6 4
6 41
6 8
648
6 17
6 38
5 33
634
6 4im
6 3im
4 4im
28
M.
6
3
62
6
49
16
39
31
36
936
7 18
688
29
Tu.
469
7
3
63
6
60
16
41
31
36
10 19
760
6 19
30
W.
57
8
54
4
6)
14
43
30
36
10 66
835
665
1851.]
April has Thirty Days,
17
passage of the Meridian (mean time) and Declination of the Planets.
1st day. II
BOUihg.
h. m.
4a
Dec.
-f-Sfl6
9 Sim
— 13 90
10 15
— 880
448
— 16 6
5 14
— 8M
191
— 6
048a
--687
1 n
-|-10 44
7th day.
»outha.
h. m.
098a
96m
10 8
480
4ftl
1 10
97a
49
Dec.
-|-0 6
-10 18
— 049
— 10 6
— 899
543
-4-664
-j-10 69
13th day.
80UtfU.
h. ni.
47a
997ni
10 9
4 8
480
11 4oa
7
097
+14 98
— 8 4
— 468
— 16 4
— 80
-f-10
99
11
60
19th day.
toutha
b. m.
1 6a
08001
066
848
4 6
11 ua
11 40m
6a
Dec.
-|-18 48
-6 41
— 8 9
— 16 4
— 7 81
6 6
-1-798
25th day.
mnHha
h. m.
1 18a
9 89III
949
896
8 41
10 47a
11 96m
11 49
Dec.
-|-91 87
— 3 10
• 1 11
>M 4
— 7 9
S
460
744
11 13
a
o
I
2
3
4
_6
Si
7
8
9
10
11
12
S.
14
15
16
17
18
19
S.
21
22
23
24
25
26
S.
28
29
Is
h.in.
9a
063
187
338
3 13
4 4a
468
666
6 63
749
8 46
943
10
11 39
3im
1 14
3 7
8 1
8 64m
4 46
686
636
7 19
7 67
8 41
998m
10 6
10 48
1188
Moon rises or sets. Mean Time.
S
i
9tta.
h. m.
698a
798
898
998
10 38
1186a
87m
188
996
8 10
3 60
4 36m
rises,
638a
7 41
860
968
11 1
11 68a
048m
181
9 9
948
8 19
3 39m
4
489
469
^
sets.
h. m.
699a
738
834
936
10 99
U39a
83m
1 99
3 30
8 6
8 47
043m
1 97
9 6
9 40
8 10
338m
4 6
433
6
o
a
I
•eta.
h. m.
739
833
938
10 36
11 38a
38m
134
3 17
33
8 46
433m
rises,
6S7a
736
846
9 60
10 63
1149a
89m
1 93
9 1
937
8 8
886m
4 6
4 89
5 1
"2^
u
I
o
sefs.
h. m.
693a
7 19
8 16
9 14
10 14
11 14a
ism
1 9
3 8
3 61
8 37
4 18m
rises,
6 34a
7 31
836
938
10 38
11 84a
034m
1 9
149
337
3
8 8im
4 3
484
6 6
S
aeU.
h. m.
634a
7 18
8 16
9 11
10 11
11 loa
sm
1 4
1 66
348
384
4 17m
rises,
633a
739
883
934
10 33
1139a
lom
1 6
1 46
994
9 66
3 30m
4 8
436
6 8
PHENOMENA AND OBSERVA-
TION&
Sundays and Holidays.
JJlf 8 81 S.
$ 6 44N.
3|C0 oS.
Washington Mean Time,
d. h. m. o I
3 8 6ia ^ 9C 9 4 49 N.
6 6 3oa ^ $<rar 9|c 066S.
7 6 8a ^ 1^1^ 9 333N.
7 9 64a ^ in Q.
8 8 9mJj5ifO.
5/A Sunday in Lent.
10 4 7a ({ $9 j; 1 6N.
ii6S6a^$Xi8r djcodoN.
13 11 8Qm ^ in Perihelion.
14 1130a i IjO.
16 2 9m^JJ|fC
16 3 97a ({ g $
Pabn Sunday.
16 6 S7a / $ ^Sff
18 3 69a 9 stationary*
90 8 19a <{90*
93 6 9oa ^ in Perihelion.
Good Friday.
93 7 8ia ^ gr. Hel. Lat. N.
BLASTER Sunday.
98 747a iJ^Bvi^
97 8 16a ^ $ C
St, George.
97 10 43a ^ ^ C
St, Mark.
98 8 48m ^ gt. elong. 90 8I £.
Low Sunday,
98 11 40m fi[ stationary.
99 10 86a 5 >2(C lj9 66N.
so 6 47m ^ 9 C 9 4 49 N.
3|C 19 N.
9 366N.
^8 3lN.
18 May, Fifth Month, begins on Thursday. [1851.
Twilight begiaa and ends. Mom Time.
lat day.
1 7th day.
i:iihilay.
19th day.
25th day. |
Begins,
h. m.
Ends
h. m.
. Begina.
h. m.
Emia.
h. m.
Begina. En
h. m. h. m.
Begina. Ends,
h. m. h. m.
Begina
h. m.
. Enid.
h.m.
BoeUm,
8 7m
8 47a
I 3 06m
8 07*
340m 1
i 7a
3 80m 9 178
k 9 30m 9 S8a|
N. York,
8 14
840
8 4
849
904 1
9 06
346
9 8
386
18
Wwh'n,
8 33
883
8 18
8 40
8 4 (
)48
900
807
9 47
9 7
Charles.,
848
8 11
886
8 17
338 834 1
839
880
8 17
887
N. Ori's,
8 01
8 8
840
8 8
38r (
i u 1
888
830
838
836
PKBIOBI AND APOOBB OP THB MOON.
Perigee, llth day, 2h. M. | Apogee, 23d day, 6h.M.
PHA8B» OP THB MOON.
New Moon, let daj, 3h. 63.5in. M. Last Quarter, 22d daj, 7h. 66.801. A.
First Quarter, 8th " 8 26.5 M. New Moon, 30th " 3 38.8 A.
Full Moon, 16th *• 2 67.0 M.
1
i
1
•
1
Sun's wjqKr limb rieea and aeta (cor. jbr refr.) M. Time.
High Water. M.Time.
•a
r
r
1
M
riaea.
h. m.
His.
h. m.
rtaea.
h. m.
Mto.
h. m.
rises.
h. m.
h. m.
rtaea.
h. m.
sett.
h.m.
rtaes.
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h.m.
1
Th.
4 06
6 00
400
6 00
5 8
603
6 18
6 41
5 18
687
1138m
9 8m
7S8m
2
F.
M
7
06
n
1
58
13
43
17
88
la
9 41
8 1
3
4
S.
Su.
08
4 01
1
ft7
08
54
11
43
16
88
080
10 10
885
7 3
4 55
6 69
469
655
5 10
6 43
S 15
689
1 dd
10 48m
9 8m
5
M.
00
8
04
7
06
06
9
44
14
89
1 44
1134
944
6
Tu.
4»
4
68
1
07
07
8
45
18
40
338
^a
10 33
7
W.
48
6
03
3
06
08
8
45
13
41
8 7
47
11 7
8
Th.
46
7
00
8
00
09
7
46
11
41
4 3
1 43
3a
9
F.
40
8
49
4
04
7
6
47
11
43
8
348
1 8
10
11
S.
Su.
44
44S
9
48
58
1
5
48
10
48
6 81
4 11
3 81
7 10
4 47
7 6
463
7 1
5 4
6 48
5 9
648
7 5ia
5 3ia
8 5ia
12
M.
43
11
46
7
51
3
3
49
8
44
859
639
469
IS
Tu.
41
13
46
8
00
3
3
50
8
45
963
788
608
14
W.
40
18
44
9
49
4
3
61
7
45
10 45
835
646
15
Th.
SO
14
43
10
48
1
61
7
46
1196
9 6
736
16
F.
88
10
43
11
47
6
03
6
47
• • •
9 61
8 11
17
18
S.
Su,
8T
16
41
13
46
7
53
6
47
iim
10 81
8 51
4 36
7 17
4 40
7 13
445
7 8
4 59
6 54,
5 5
6 48
5im
11 oa
939a
19
M.
86
18
40
13
44
9
59
54
4
48
1 39
1149
10 9
20
Tu.
34
19
39
14
48
9
08
55
4
49
9 9
• • •
10 00
2!
W.
88
30
88
15
43
10
67
66
8
00
300
08om
11 88
22
Th.
83
31
87
16
43
11
57
66
8
00
883
1 13
% • •
23
F.
81
33
36
17
41
13
66
57
8
51
433
3 3
0S3m
24
25
Su.
80
4 80
38
85
18
40
13
56
06
3
53
530
8
130
7 34
4 85 '
r 19
4 40
7 14
156
6 58
5 3
6 53
636m
4 16m
3 86m
26
M.
39
35
34
30
39
14
55
59
1
58
739
5 19
3 89
27
Tu.
39
36
34
31
39
15
55
7
1
58
8 41
6 31
4 41
28
W.
38
37
33
31
38
16
54
54
983
7 18
588
29
I'h.
37
3T
33.
33
38
17
54
1
54
10 14
764
6 14
30
F.
37
38
83
33
8T
18
53
1
65
10 65
886
6 65
31
S.
36
39
83
34
87
18 53 3 1
55
11 33
9 13 7 83
1851.] May has Tkvrty-Kmt Days. 19
Passage of the Meridian (mean time) and Decltnatton of the Planets.
Isiday.
7ih day.
lath day. |
l»ih day. |
25th day. |
tatU-i-^
Dec
souUu
t. Dec.
soulha.
Dec
nott/As.
Dec.
aoutli.<
Dec
h. m.
O f
h. m.
O 1
h. m.
*
li. m.
t
h. ni.
1
$
1 i«a
--33 01
( 1 48
i --33 00
039a
--91 39
0a
- -19 17
1130m
--16 06
?
98MX1
--19 84
\ 9371
D--3
940m
--440
9 48m
--732
946
--906
043
--041
I 930
--« 31
939
--430
933
--6 6
9 10
--70O
s
S 3
— 16 1
( 338
— 16 4>
3 11
— 16 10
144
— ^16 33
1 15
— ^16 33
1
3 19
—•634
\ 3 01
— 6 6
334
— 040
108
— 17
139
— 406
^
i0 3ia
— 43«
> 9 003
, — 433
930a
— 4 13
9 0a
— 4 3
8 40a
— 8 06
h
11 6m
--8 C
--113(1
1 10 440
tt-|-8 16
10 38m- -8 81
10 30 '-4~^1 84
10 3m
--846
-j-11 41
9 4im
--809
-f-11 47
9
11 10
10 08 -f-11 37
10 13
9 01
1
Moon rises or sets. Mean Time.
PUBNOMENA AND OBSERYA-
TION&
^
•
55
4
•
i
^
c
•
II
1
a
1
1
«
Sundays and Holidays,
8et9.
sete.
9et8,
uta.
sets.
WashiDgtoa Mean Time.
h. m.
b. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
d. h. m. 01
1
19a
7 3oa
7 na
7 10a
7 7a
7 4a
St, Philip and St. James.
2
1 8
834
833
8 18
8 7
8 4
3 4 17a <J 5J<C g 7 4N.
3
5.
109
939
930
933
9 7
9 4
7 34m $ in Apheuon.
2<; Sunday after Easter, .
s 6sa
10 83a
10 38a
10 33a
10 8a
10 sa
5
800
1131
1137
11 33
11 6
11 1
6 4 30m^ $ ^ ^ O86N.
6
4 47
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
11 00
7 47a ^ $ ©.
7
044
33m
19m
10m
om
• • •
9 10 34a g stationary.
13 43mJjt|fC ^3 37S.
8
640
1 10
1 6
1 3
049
046m
9
734
100
148
144
1 34
1 31
13 8 03a ^ 9 6X 3|C 31 N.
10
83T
337
334
333
3 10
3 14
16 7 3im g in {3.
Zd Sunday after Easter.
9 19a
309m
3 09m
3 07m
304m
3 04m
13
10 10
3 81
3 33
3 33
333
334
16 3 30a ({ ^6X 9|C 36 S.
13
11 3
4 3
4 3
4 4
4 9
4 13
17 3 44m 6 ? ^ $ 47 S.
14
11 04
fwe*.
rises.
rises.
rises.
rises.
17 6 47a ^ 9/iX jjc 1 isS.
15
«?
788a
786a
733a
7 30
7 na
19 6 03m fi in Perihelion.
30 7 10 Inf. <J a Q.
16
47m
844
840
837.
838
8 18
17
140
946
943
937
933
9 n
31 4 37 (J 9 oK * 16 N.
4M Sunday after Easter,
334m
10 40a
10 36a
i0 3ia
10 16a
10 10a
19
336
1138
11 33
11 19
11 4
10 09
34 3 11m ($ 9 1^ Ij 37 S.
20
4 17
• • •
• • •
11 09
11 46
11 43
36 10 17m ({ 9 9 9 1 37 N.
21
8m
sm
• • •
• • •
• • •
36 11 10m g in Aphelion.
22
03
044
040
036m
030m
3im
37 1 44m 6 ^ C ^ 4 31 N.
37 08a inH n 3 iN.
23
636
1 10
1 13
1 10
1 1
06
24
7 19
143
140
1 88
1 33
1 33
37044a<$9C 9404N.
Rogation Sunday.
8 im
3 sm
3 8m
3 6m
3 sm
3 sm
26
843
333
333
333
334
380
97 8 03a <J 9C 9 397N.
38 80m 9 gr. He]. Lat. S.
27
937
309
3 1
3 1
3 4
3 7
28
10 13
337
8 39
8 81
8 37
340
29 3 46a ^ 55 <C g 1 13 Ni
Ascension Day.
29
11
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
30
1101
7 na
7 13a
7 9a
6 07a
60sa
39 4 48a (J ^OX 5|C 39 S.
31
040a
833
8 17
8 14
700
704
39 7 47a 3 J ^ $ 8 6 S.
20 JwM^ Sixth Months begins on Sunday. [1851.
Twilight begins and enda. Mean Time.
1st day.
7th day. |
I3ih day. i|
19th dav.
25th day. |
Begins,
h. m.
Ends.
1l m.
fiegins.
b. m.
EUids.
ti. m.
Begins,
h. m.
£nds.
h. m.
Begins. Knds.
b. m. h. m.
Begins,
h. m.
. Knd
h. m.
Boston,
3 17m
9 378
I 3 13in
944a
3 9in
950a
3 sm 964a
9 9m 9 65a|
N. York,
339
995
336
9 31
333
037
333
940
933
9 41
Wash'n,
3 41
9 U
337
9 19
336
994
386
997
936
998
Charles.,
S »
8 41
3 10
8 46
3 10
860
3 10
853
3 11
868
N. Orl's,
334
880
333
8 34
393
838
839
840
393
8 41
PBRIOU AMD APOOBB OP THB MOON.
Perigee, 6tli day, 8I1. M. | Apogee, 20th day, Ih. M.
PHA8B8 OP THB MOON.
First Quarter, 6th daj, Ih. 19.5m. A. Last Quarter, 21st day, Ih. 26.7m. A.
FuUMoon, 13th " 1 36.3 A. New Moon, 29th " 1 16.6 M.
^ M
Sun's upper Ixtpb rises and sets (cor. for refr. ) M. Time.
High Water. M.Time.
■
1
/
1
a
2i
m
S5
1^
rises,
h. m.
seU.
h. m.
rises,
h. m.
aeta.
h.m.
rises,
h.m.
sets.
h.m.
rtsea
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
^Mes.
Im.
h.m.
h. m.
h. m.
h.m.
1
Su.
496
7 30
4 31
7 34
4 36
7 19
4 58
7 3
4 59
656
loa
9 50m
8 lom
2
M.
36
30
30
35
36
30
63
8
50
56
050
10 30
850
3
Tu.
35
31
80
36
36
30
53
4
60
(n
199
11 9
939
4
W.
34
83
30
3T
85
31
53
4
50
SI
9 13
11 53
10 13
5
Th.
34
83
39
97
35
33
53
6
56
68
8 3
48a
11 8
6
F.
34
38
39
38
35
33
63
6
58
68
358
188
11 66
7
8
S.
Su,
S3
34
39
38
34
38
61
6
56
59
6 1
9 41
1 la
4 33
7 86
4 39
7 30
4 34
738
4 51
7 6
4 58
669
6 15a
8 55a
3 15a
9
M.
38
85
38
30
34
34
51
7
68
7
794
6 4
334
10
Tu.
33
36
38
30
34
34
51
7
68
830
6 10
430
11
W.
33
36
38
31
34
35
51
8
56
1
939
7 9
539
12
Th.
33
87
38
81
34
35
51
8
68
1
10 31
8 1
6 31
13
F.
93
87
38
83
34
36
51
8
58
1
U 10
860
7 10
14
15
S.
Su.
33
88
98
33
34
36
61
9
68
9
1156
936
756
4 33
7 88
438
7 33
4 34
727
4 51
7 9
458
7 9
...
10 15a
8 35a
16
M.
33
38
38
38
34
37
51
9
58
9
035m
10 54
9 14
17
Tu.
33
39
38
33
84
37
51
JO
58
1 14
11 81
9 51
18
W.
33
39
38
38
84
38
51
10
56
1 51
...
10 30
19
Th.
38
89
38
34
34
38
53
10
50
380
lom
U 9
20
F.
38
40
38
34
34
38
A3
11
59
3 9
049
11 53
21
22
S.
Su.
38
40
39
34
34
38
53
11
60
8 58
183
. • •
4 33
7 40
439
7 34
485
739
4 53
7 11
4 59
7 4
4 87m
9 17m
37m
23
M.
38
40
39
85
35
39
53
11
5
538
3 13
1 33
24
Tu.
34
40
39
85
35
39
53
11
639
4 19
339
25
W.
34
40
80
85
36
39
53
11
739
5 19
339
26
Th.
34
40
30
36
36
39
68
11
888
6 18
488
27
F.
35
40
80
86
36
39
54
13
1
033
7 19
533
28
29
S.
Su.
35
40
31
87
36
39
64
13
1
7 5
10 18
766
6 18
4 35
7 40
4 81
7 37
4 87
739
4 54
7 19
5 1
11 7m
8 47m
7 7m
30
M.
36
40
83
37
37
39
54
13
3
11 60
930
7 50
1851.]
June has Thirty Days.
21
P&ssage of the Meridian (mean time) and Declination of the Planets.
let day.
souths.
h. m.
10 65m
9 fil
9 7
43
037
8 iia
9 16m
935
Dec.
o /
--15 90
--13 47
-|-948
-16 49
— 4M
— 863
4-9 15
4-n g4
7th day.
souths.
h. m.
Dec.
o I
10 86m - -16 17
966
9
18
099
7 47a
8 55m
9 3
-4-15 3
11 34
— 17 3
— 434
— 863
-j-927
4-12
13th day.
souths.
h. m.
10 36m
10 60
864
11898
1166
7 34a
8 84m
8 39
Dec.
-4-16 38
4-17 6
-f-13
— 17 23
— 4 14
— 8
64
88
6
19th day.
souths
h. m.
10 97m
10 6
8 47
11 9a
11 96
7
8 13m
8 17
Dec.
-j-18 17
-1-18 66
-[-14 33
—17 43
— 4 18
— 8 68
-|-9 49
-|-13 lol
25th day.
86m --90
souths.
h. m.
10
10 13
8 41
10 40a
10 66
Dec.
o I
83
-4-90 98
-(-16 44
— 18 8
— 4 14
688
7 6im
7 64
— 4 6
-4-968
-|-13 16
a
o
m
2
3
4
5
6
2
s.
9
10
11
12
13
14
h. m.
143a
3 41
840
487
583
634
7 15
8 6a
806
946
10 S7
11 SO
S23m
S.
16
17
18
19
20
21
S.
23
24
25
26
27
30
1 16m
3 8
3 66
8 45
4 SO
6 14
6 66
6 88m
790
8 8
860
940
10 83'
11 80
39a
1 30
Moon rises or sets. Mean Time.
sets.
h. m.
9 34a
10 30
11 10
11 68
8om
I 8
1 86m
3 6
386
8 9
rises,
783a
839
930a
10 4
10 43
U 15
1144
iim
89m
1
1 38
1 65
339
sets,
7 loa
8 iia
9 8
tS
sets.
h. m.
9 30a
10 16
11 6
1180
37m
1 3
1 84m
3 5
337
8 11
rises.
7 37a
835
9 16a
10
10 88
11 13
1148
9m
4Dm
1 3
1 39
1 63
383
sets.
7 7a
8 la
9 1
a
I
sets.
h. m.
9 16a
10 11
11 3
1147
0S6m
1 1
1 84m
3 7
389
8 15
rises,
7 34a
890
9 iia
966
10 84
11 9
11 89
8m
89m
1 3
183
3 1
3 86
sets,
7 la
8 sa
867
i
sets.
h. m.
9 oa
966
10 48
11 85
ism
66
1 84m
3 9
345
3 34
rises,
7 9a
8 5
8 66a
9 41
10 33
10 60
1188
sm
86m
1 4
1 86
3 9
3 46
sets.
6 46a
7 47a
8 43
o
sets.
h. m.
8 56a
9 51
10 44
11 33
16m
066
1 34m
3 13
349
3 39
rises,
7 8a
7 60
8 50a
936
10 18
10 66
1131
9m
036m
1 6
140
3 13
3 63
sets,
6 4ia
7 4ia
8 38
PHENOMENA AND OBSERVA-
TIONS
Sundays and Holidays.
Washington Mean Time,
d. h. m. o I
SuTiday after Ascension.
1 11 37a ^ stationary.
6 1 67m 6 ih ^ 1 25 N.
78 6oa^^9 9039N.
8 9 46m^^C 4^3538.
9 7 88mf 30*;}'T?;t7i.73o,
10 8 34a <{ $aK ^ 63N.
Whitsunday. Pent cost,
10 3 67a 21 stationary.
11 9 88a f 50 onShfo^o.
18 9 nmi 5>l ^ 8 38 S.
15 6 39a ^ gr. elong. 33 5oW.
16 9 80a 5 gr. He]. Lat. S.
16 6 63m § gr. Hel. Lat. N.
TVinity Sunday,
17 8 69a ^ $ 9 $ 11 9 S.
18 4om i^5 ^ 17 N.
19 4i6m^ §d^^ •)(• 1 oS.
Corpus Christi. Fete Dieu.
91 8 88a O enters 2S. ^J!™*'^
94 9 6im<J I2C I2 3 sN.
1st Sunday after IVinity.
94 4 39m ($ 9 <£ 9 6 1 N.
St, John Baptist,
94 10 3im ($ 9 $ $ 3 8 S.
340 19a^9c^ ^134S.
36 8 49m^ J<C ^4 38N.
97 1 37m ^ 9 <C 9 9 47 N.
2d Sunday after THnity.
97 9 39m ^ ^ <£ ^ 1 65 N.
22 July^ Seventh Months begins on Tuesday. [1851.
Twilight begins and enda. Mean Time.
1st day.
7th day.
13th day.
19ih day.
25th day.
1
logins.
1. m.
Ends
h. m.
1. Begins,
h. m.
Ends,
h. m.
Begins. Ends,
h. m. h. m.
Begins. Ends,
h. m. h. m.
Begins. Knds.
h. m. h. m.
Boston, J
2 19m
9 64)
ft 9 19m
949a
9 96m 9 44a
3 86m 9 873
. 3 44m 9 98a
N. York, i
196
940
983
936
9 89 9 81
346
936
964
9 18
Wash'n, i
189
997
344
994
9 61 9 19
968
9 14
3 6
9 7
Charles., ]
) 18
868
8 17
8 61
839 848
837
846
339
840
N.Orrs, 8 36
8 41
899
889
883 887
887
884
849
830
PBBIOBa AND APOOBB OF THB MOON.
Perigee, 1st day, 9h. A. | Apogee, 17th day, 5h. A. | Perig«e, 29th day, 9h. A.
PHA8BS OF THB MOON.
First Quarter, 6th day, 6h. O.lm. A. Last Quarter, 21tt day, 6h. Sl.lm. M.
Full Moon, 13th " 2 6.0 M. New Moon, 28th « 9 32.3 M.
•
1
1
i
'5
1
Sun's upper linib rises and sets (cor. for lefr.) M. Time.
High Water. M.Time.
i
r
a
h
r
m
i
^
i
r
1^
riata.
h. m.
sete.
h. m.
naes.
h. m.
sets.
ti. m.
rises.
h. m.
sets,
h. m.
rises,
h. m.
sets.
h. m
rises.
h. m.
sets.
h-ui.
h. m.
h. m.
h.m.
1
Tu.
496
740
4 89
7 86
488
799
4 66
7 19
6 3
7 6
086a
10 16m
886m
2
W.
97
40
33
86
88
99
65
13
3
6
1 31
11 1
9 91
3
Th.
97
40
38
34
89
99
66
13
8
6
3 7
11 47
10 7.
4
F.
98
40
84
34
89
99
66
19
8
6
366
036a
10 66
5
6
S.
99
499
40
84
84
40
98
67
11
4 6
3 49
1 99
11 49
740
486
7 84
440
798
4 67
7 11
6 4
7 4
446a
336a
046a
7
M.
80
89
86
88
41
98
68
11
6
648
838
148
8
Tu.
80
89
87
38
43
97
66
11
6
666
486
966
9
W.
31
88
87
88
43
97
69
11
6
8
640
4
10
Th.
89
88
38
83
43
97
69
10
6
9 6
646
6 6
11
F.
88
88
88
89
44
96
6
10
7
10 6
746
6 6
12
13
S.
83
37
39
89
44
36
10
7
10 64
884
664
4 84
787
440
7 81
446
7 36
5 1
7 9
5 8
7 8
1189a
9 19a
789a
14
M.
85
86
40
81
46
36
1
9
8
3
• • •
10 8
898
15
Tu.
86
86
41
80
46
34
9
9
9
3
38m
10 88
866
16
W.
86
86
43
99
47
34
8
8
9
3
068
11 13
933
17
Th.
37
84
48
99
48
38
8
8
10
3
1 83
1147
10 7
18
F.
86
34
48
98
49
38
4
7
10
1
2 7
• • •
10 48
19
20
S.
89
88
44
97
49
99
6
7
11
1
348
98m
11 90
4 40
789
4 46 '
r97
4 60
7 91
5 6
7 6
5 11
7
8 90m
1 om
11 60a
21
M.
41
81
46
36
61
31
6
6
13
8 60
139
• • •
22
Tu.
49
80
47
96
69
90
7
6
13
6 69
449
999
049m
23
W.
48
90
48
34
68
19
7
6
18
69
686
8 16
186
24
Th.
44
99
48
38
68
19
8
4
14
66
6 41
4 91
9 41
25
F.
46
98
49
33
64
18
8
' 4
14
68
744
694
844
26
27
S.
46
97
60
99
66
18
9
8
16
SI
6 67
868
638
468
4 47
7 96
4 61 1
r3i
4 66
7 16
» 10
7 9
5 16
964m
7 84m
664m
28
M.
48
. ^
63
30
W
16
10
1
16
66
10 47
897
6 47
29
Tu.
49
94
68
19
68
14
11
1
17
66
11 35
9 16
786
30
W.
60
98
64
18
60
18 13
19 13
17
66
036a
10 11
894
31
Th.
61
31
66
17^
6
6 60
18
64
1 9
10 40
9 9
1851.]
July has Thirty-one Days,
23
Pbaaage of the Meridian (mean time) and Declination of the Planets.
J St day.
Dec.
o I
sotUhs.
h. m.
10 66m -4-33 87
10 19 - -91 41
884
10 laa
10 39
6 16
7 39ni
7 31
-|-17
— 18 36
— 4 31
— 4 14
-j-10 7
-f-13 19
7th day.
souths.
h. m.
11 38m
10 26
828
946a
10 3
6 68
7 7m
7 8
XJcC«
O f
49
--22 8
-|-18 10
— 18 61
— 4 31
— 4361
-j-10 14
-f-12 22
I3th day.
souths
h. m.
11 66m
10 84
8 31
9 18a
984
6 81
6 46m
645
Dec.
o I
--« 32
--33 1
-[-19 13
— 19 17
— 449
— 488
-j-10 30
-}-13 26
lUth day.'
souths.
h. m.
27a
10 42m
8 16
8 64a
9 -8
6 10
6 33m
633
Dec.
o ;
--31 40
--38 6
--30 9
— 19 44
— 6 8
— 464
-|-10 36
-f-13 27
2&th day.
souths
h. m.
68a
10 6im
8 9
8 30a
843
4 48
6 om
6 69
Dec.
o I
--18 38
--22 47
-|-30 69
— 30 13
— 6 31
— 6 11
4-10 39
-(-13 39
s
o
O
■
1
2
3
4
5.
7
8
9
10
11
12
Is.
14
15
16
17
18
19
S,
21
22
23
24
25
26
&
28
29
30
31
x: fi
** a
«^
Is
MooQ rises or sets. Mean Time.
«5
h. m.
339a
336
4 31
6 18
6 3
663a
743
888
934
10 16
U 8
g
omj
060
1 80
336
3 10
363
4 84
sett.
h. m.
9 6ia
10 31
11 6
11 38
o
jS
om
088
1 10
1 44
3 38
rises,
7 14a
6 16m
666
6 43
730
8 19
9 14
10 18
11 18mi
13a
1 13
3 11
8 6
8 oa
840
9 16
946
10 18
10 88
11 4
sets,
h. m.
948a
10 38
11 6
11 37
lomj
040
1 13
1 44
3 37
rises,
7 8a
1139a
11 67
• • •
036m
1
1 40
380
sets,
7 43a
8 37
9 6
9te
736a
836
9 13
943
10 11
10 38
11 4
u
d
I
«eto.
h. m.
9 43a
10 26
11 3
11 37
lom
41
1 16
1 63
2 82m
rises,
7 6a
ii3ia
11 66
• • •
039m
1 3
1 46
2 85
sets,
7 39a
8 34
9 8
9 87
7 61
8 33'
9 9
9 41
10 10
10 87
11 4
o
o
8&S.
h. m.
9 3ia
10 17
10 67
11 36
iim
47
1 36
3 4
3 46
rises,
6 6oa
11 82a
om
32
1 8
1 60
2 4im
sets,
7 35a
8 21
9 1
9 87
7 87a
8 19
8 68
983
10 4
10 36
11 6
o
O
55
seta.
h. m.
9S8a
10 14
10 67
11 36
14m
49
1 39
3 10
3 63
rises.
6 46a
11 36a
7m
41
1 21
3 6
3 57
sets.
7 23a
8 10
8 66
9 89
7 32a
8 16
8 54
980
10 3
10 84
11 6
11 38a
iim
Q47
1 36
3 13
3 6
sets,
7 18a
8 7
8 63
9 38
PHENOMENA AND OBSERYA-
TION&
Sundays and HoUdays.
Washington Mean Time,
d. h. m. o I
1 9 38a O in Apogee.
4 9 loa ^ in Q .
6 4 36a ilia J/ 4 9 S.
6 3 43a n50«
9 10 46m ^ in Perihelion.
3rf Sunday after Trinity,
16 3oa Sup. i ^Q>
15 062a i $t§ 3|c isoN.
16 10 30m^>^9 9 3 3N.
i7 4 4om^iA'K ^icieoN.
18 6 69m^^m^ :fc 1 39 S.
Lunar eclipse, visible in U. S.
ith Sunday after Trinity,
19 6 44a ^ gr. Hel. Lat. N.
21 3 35a ^ 9 C 9 6 3 N.
31346a^^<C ^368N.
23 2 4m ]^ Stationary.
23 27a 9 in Q .
94 3 46m($ ^<r <y 8 48N.
5th Sunday after Trinity,
24 4 3a (J ^v'y * 134N.
278 6aj9<r Ji eN.
27 11 4m Ql^O.
27 8 44a n V©.
St. James.
28 8 34a (5 J/^ 3|C 86 N.
6M Sunday after Trinity,
Solar eclipse, visible in u. S.
29 10 sm ^ b (T {{ 86 S.
m 4 47m^ JtK 3|c 1 oN.
90 662a^$oX -X-iisN.
24 August^ Eighth Months begins on Friday. [1851.
Twilight begins and ends. Mean Time.
Ist day.
7lh day.
13th day.
19th day.
2dth day. |
Begin;).
h. m.
h. m.
begins,
h. m.
Ends,
h. m.
Begins,
h. m.
Ends,
h. m.
Begins
h. m.
.1 Ends,
h. m.
Begins
h. m.
. Ends,
h. m.
Boston,
3 5dm
9 173
L 3 5m
9 5a
8 15m
8 53a
3 34m 8 43a
3 34m| 8 30a
N. York,
3 4
9 8
3 14
8 56
3 33
845
8 33
884
S 40
824
Wash'n,
3 14
8 66
3 33
8 48
880
838
3 38
838
8 46
8 18
Charles.,
3 39
8 33
3 45
8 35
8 50
8 18
3 M
8 10
4 2
8 2
N. Orl's,
3 48
8 34
354
8 16
3 59
8 9
4 4
8 2
4 8
756
APOOBB AND PBRIOBB OF THB MOON.
Apogee, 14th day, 3h. M. | Perigee, 27ih day, 6h. M.
' PHA8B8 OF THB MOON.
First QMarter, 3d day, llh. 69.2m. M. Last Quarter, 19th day, 7h. 60.3in A.
Full Moon. Ulh •' 4 34.7 ' A. New Moon, 26th "6 11.9 A.
ji
s
1
o
1
•
M
S
Sun's upper limb rises and sets (cor. for refr.) M. Time.
High Water. M.Time.
.£c3
r
§ •
1
•
a
1^
55
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
rises,
h. m. 1
stls.
\i. m.
rises.
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
rises.
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
rises.
h. m.
sets.
h. m..
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
1
F.
4 63
7 30
4 56 '
r 16
5
7 11
5 13
6 58
5 18
6 68
1 65a
11 85m
9 85m
2
3
s.
Su.
63
19
57
16
1
10
14
57
19
53
243
23a
10 43
4 64
7 17
4 58 '
r 14
5 3
7 9
5 15
6 57
5 30
6 53
3 30a
1 loa
11 30m
4
M.
65
16
59
13
3
8
15
66
30
51
4 19
1 59
19a
5
Tu.
66
16
5
11
4
7
16
65
31
60
5 14
2 66
1 14
6
W.
67
14
1
10
5
6
17
54
31
49
6 18
8 58
2 18
7
Th.
68
13
3
9
6
6
17
63
33
49
7 82
5 12
8 32
8
F.
69
11
3
8
6
4
18
53
33
48
8 47
627
4 47
9
10
S.
Su.
6
10
4
6
7
3
19
51
33
47
9 61
7 31
5 61
6 1
7 8
5 5 •
r 5
6 8
7 1
5 19
6 50
6 34
646
10 2da
8 25a
6 25a
11
M.
3
7
5
4
9
30
49
35
46
11 30
9 10
7 30
12
Tu.
3
6
6
3
10
6 59
31
48
35
44
• • •
946
8 6
13
W.
4
4
7
1
11
68
31
47
36
43
6m
10 20
840
14
Th.
6
3
8
13
56
33
46
36
43
040
10 52
9 12
15
F.
6
1
9 1
3 68
13
55
33
46
27
41
I 13
11 23
9 43
16
17
S.
7
10
67
14
54
34
44
38
40
I 43
11 54
10 14
10 47a
Su.
6 8
6 68
5 11 (
S 55
6 16
6 59
5 34
6 43
5 38
6 39
3 14m
• • •
18
M.
9
67
13
54
16
51
35
43
39
38
3 47
27m
a 23
19
Tu.
11
65
IS
63
16
60
36
41
39
37
323
1 2
• • •
20
W.
13
54
14
51
17
49
36
40
30
86
4
1 40
om
21
Th.
13
63
15
60
18
47
97
39
30
35
443
223
043
22
F.
14
51
16
48
19
45
38
37
31
34
544
8 24
1 44
23
24
S,
Su.
16
49
17
47
30
44
38
36
33
33
7 2 •
4 42
3 2
6 16
6 48
5 18
S45
5 31
6 43
539
6 35
5 32
6 31
8 20m
6 om
4 20m
25
M.
17
46
19
44
33
41
30
84
33
80
9 32
7 12
532
26
Tu.
18
44
30
43
33
40
30
33
33
39
10 80
8 10
630
27
W.
19
43
31
41
34
39
81
81
34
38
11 19
8 59
7 19
28
Th.
30
41
33
39
35
37
33
30
34
37
8a
948
8 8
29
F.
31
30
33
37
35
35
33
39
35
36
53
10 83
853
30
31
S.
Su,
33
38
34
36
36
84
88
37
35
25
6 34
1 36
11 16
986
59
3
6 36
535
6 34
537
6 33 l5 34 6 36
5 36
2 19a
11 59m
10 19m
1851.].
August JuLS Thirty-one Days.
25
Passage of the Meridian (mean time) and Declination of the Planets.
1st day.
souths
h. m.
1 16a
11 om
8 1
8 4a
8 18
4 36
6 33m
533
o /
--14 9
--33 64
--31 48
—30 46
— « 1
— 683
4-10 33
-(-13 80
7th day.
souths.
h. m..
1 38a
11 itn
7 66
748a
749
6 lom
4 4a
6 lom
6 6
i)ec.
o I
--10 3
--30 46
--33 33
— 31 14
— 639
— 388
t
6 63
10 33
13 81
13th day.
liec.
souths,
h. m.
1 86a
11 14m -f-19 43
o I
-4-5 66
748
733a
736
6 6im
8 14a
4 47m
446
-|-33 61
— 31 43
— 7
— 8 81
— 6 16
4-10 83
-[-13 81
19th day.
souths,
h. m.
1 40a
11 3im
7 41
7 4a
7 3
6 86m
8 34a
433m
4 31
Dec.
4- 1 59
4-17 33
-f-38 13
-03 11
— 7 81
— 436
— 6 38
4-10 83
-f-13 30
26th day.
souths,
h. m.
1 40a
1137m
784
6 46a
6 41
6 16m
3 4a
4 om
3 67
Dec.
o I
— 1 34
tl6 11
U36(
80
— 8 8
— 649
— 7 3
10 39
13 39
t:
o
■
1
&
4
5
6
7
8
11
12
13
14
15
16
S.
18
19
20
21
22
23
5.
25
26
27
28
29
30
S.
Is
a
h. m.
3 66a
4 49
6 40a
680
7 31
8 13
4
966
10 46
11 86a
8
033mj
1 6
149
3 81
8 IS
8 64inl
4 87
6 33
6 10
7 1
7 65
8 64
9 63m
10 64
11 64
063a
146 J
340
883
4 34a
Moon rises or sets. Mean Time.
sets.
h. nL
10 loa
10 43
11 18a
11 46
18m
1 4
149
340
nses.
7 6a
7 47
8 16
843
9 7
9 83
9 67a
10 35
10 67
11 84
017m
I 9
3 13m
sets,
6 eea
7 34
8 9
8 41
9 19
9 46a
o
iS
sets,
h. m.
10 iia
10 43
11 14a
11 60
37m
1 8
1 66
3 46
rises.
7 13a
7 49
8 16
843
9 6
9 34
969a
10 38
11
1138
33m
1 16
3 18m
sets,
6 66a
7 34
8 8
84S
9 16
9 49a
o
I
sets.
h. no.
10 lia
10 44
11 18a
11 68
33m
1 14
S 1
3 63
rises,
7 9a
743
8 13
8 40
9 7
9 84
10 la
10 81
11 8
1143
038m|
1 31
3 34m
sets.
6 63a
733
8 7
843
9 16
9 63a
o
o
2
aa
sets.
h. m.
10 13a
10 48
11 3da
• • •
4m]
046
139
3 16
8 8
rises,
6 67a
7 33
8 7
836
9 6
987
10 6a
10 39
11 16
11 67
044m]
1 38
3 40m
sets,
6 44a
7 37
8 7
846
938
10 la
i
o
sets,
h. m.
10 13a
10 61
11 39a
• • •
lom
61
ISO
335
8 16
rises
6 53a
730
8 6
886
9 7
9 89
10 9a
10 43
11 3*1
• • •
sm
63
1 46
3 48m
sets,
643a
736
8 7
848
936
10 7a
PHENOMENA AND OBSERVA-
TIONS.
Sundays and Holidays.
Washington Mean Time,
d. b. m. Q I
3 . 8 47m i Jjlf <C J/ 4 19 S.
3 1 16a ^gagt ;(co«S.
7th Sunday after Trinity,
6 4a <5 $1^ 3|C 66 S.
6 1 15a ;J $p^ ^ 40 S.
7 10 4im D $ Q.
9 6 53m {[ stationary.
10 3 4m 9 stationary.
13 6 35m g in 23-
8/A Sunday after Trinity,
16 3 45m ($ (^0 y 3|C 1 10 S.
17 bUmi^t^ 5|C0 13N.
17 3 iia 1^ stationary.
17 6 9a <5 g 5 gl4 43 S.
17 10 oa ^ ip C 9 4 67 N.
17 ii3oa ^ he h 345N.
9M Sunday after Trinity,
33 om({ ^<C ^ 3 4oN.
33 10 34m ^ in Aphelion.
33 6 43a ({ ^ 132^ ^ iioN.
33 4 38a ^$ in ^^139N.
34 11 45m <^ in (2 •
35 8 6sa $ in Perihelion.
lOM S. after Trin, St, Barth.
36 34m($ 9^ 9 1 13 S.
36 5 35m ^ gr. elong. 37 13 E.
38 6 62m ft in 25*
28 6 18m6^in 3|C 16 S.
38 9 37m i ^(L ^ 7 47 S.
29737a (5j!f<C .5 *93 s.
ll//» Sunday after Trinity,
26 September^ Ninth Months begins on Monday. [1851.
Twilight bogins and eoda. Mean Time.
1st day.
7th day.
13th day. |
I9th day.
26th day. |
Begins,
h. m.
Ends
h. m.
. Begins,
h.m.
Ends,
h.m.
Begins,
h. m.
Ends,
h. m.
Begins
h. m.
. Ends,
h. m.
Begins
h. m.
Ends.
h.m.
Boston,
844m
8 169
I 8 5im
8 4a
8 60in
7 59a
4 7ni 7 40a
4 lem
798a
N, York,
849
8 11
3 66
8
4 8
749
4 10
787
4 18
796
Wash'n,
3 54
8 6
4
7 66
4 7
745
4 14
734
4 31
798
Charles.,
4 8
7fi3
4 13
7 43
4 17
734
499
735
438
7 16
N. Orl's,
4 14
746
4 17
7 39
4 31
7 81
495
792
480
7 14
APOOBB AND PBRIOBB OF THB MOON.
Apogee, 10th day, llh. M. | Perigee, 24th day, 5h. A.
POASBS OF THB MOON.
FintQoarter, 2d day, 8h. 44.6m. M. Last Quarter, 18th day, 8h. 20.6m. M.
Fall Moon, 10th " 8 35.8 M. New Moon, 26th " 1 3.7 M.
g
1
Sun's upper limb rises and sets (cor. for refr.) M. Time.
High Water. M.Time.
*k
. 1
1
1
1
1'
h
•
1
e
o
r
rises.
h.m.
sets,
h.m.
rises.
h. m.
sets.
h.m.
rssea
h.m.
seta.
h. m.
nses.
h. m.
sets
h. m.
rtaea.
h.m.
sets.
h.m.
h. m.
h. m.
h.m.
1
M.
594
6 84
9 36
B83
598
6 81
684
6 95
587
693
8 8a
045a
11 3m
2
Tu.
35
83
97
81
99
99
85
34
87
99
848
1 98
11 49
3
W.
96
31
98
99
80
97
86
93
88
90
437
9 17
87a
4
Th.
97
39
99
98
81
96
86
91
88
19
5 41
3 91
141
5
b\
96
38
80
97
89
94
87
90
88
18
7 3
443
8 8
6
7
S.
8u,
99
96
31
95
38
33
87
19
89
17
897
6 7
497
5 30
6 34
589
8 93
534
6 31
588
6 17
540
6 15
9a6a
7 16a
586a
8
M.
S9
33
83
91
34
30
88
16
40
14
10 80
8 10
680
9
Tu.
83
31
84
19
85
18
88
14
41
18
11 9
648
7 9
10
W.
84
19
85
18
36
17
40
13
41
13
1144
994
744
11
Th.
85
17
86
16
37
15
41
13
43
10
• • •
9 55
8 15
12
F.
86
16
37
15
36
14
41
11
49
9
15m
10 96
8 46
13
14
Su.
37
14
36
14
89
19
43
9
43
8
046
10 54
9 14
5 88
6 13
989
B 11
640
6 11
548
6 8
543
6 7
1 14m
11 96a
946a
15
M.
89
10
40
9
41
9
48
6
44
6
1 46
11 54
10 14
16
Tu.
40
9
41
8
49
7
44
5.
44
5
9 14
. • .
10 47
17
W.
41
7
49
6
43
6
45
4
45
8
3 47
97m
11 93
18
I'h.
43
5
48
5
43
4
45
3
46
3
8 93
1 9
• . .
19
F.
43
8
44
8
44
3
46
1
46
1
4 7
1 47
7m
20
21
S.
Su,
44
3
45
1
45
1
46
'47
5 5
945
1 5
645
6
546
5 59
546
5 69
5 47
6 68
5 47
566
6 99m
4 09m
9 99m
22
M.
47
5 fie
47
56
47
58
48
57
48
57
766
588
866
23
Tu.
48
56
48
56
48
56
48
66
49
66
9 15
655
5 15
24
W.
49
54
49
55
49
54
49
55
49
56
10 18
768
6 13
25
Th.
50
53
50
63
60
53
60
53
60
53
11 1
8 41
7 1
26
F.
51
51
51
51
51
51
60
59
60
63
1146
936
746
27
28
S.
8u.
53
49
63
49
59
49
61
60
51
51
3ia
1 13a
10 11
8 81
6 58
5 47
553
S48
5 69
548
5 61
5 49
$51
560
10 6319
9 19m
29
M.
64
45
54
46
53
46
53
48
59
48
1 54
1184
954
30
Tu.
65
44
55
44
54
45
58
47
59 47
386
16a
10 36
1851.]
Sq>tember has Thirty Days.
27
of the Meridian (mem time) aod Declination of the Ptoneto-
let day.
toutha.
b. m.
1 83a
11 83m
796
636a
6 16
46ftin
3 4ia
8 8301
839
Dec.
o I
-483
4-13 33
4-33 86
— 38
— 8 41
— 936
— 7 81
10 36
13 36
t
7th day.
BOtUha,
b. m.
1 16a
11 88m
7 18
6 loa
6 66
486m
3
8 im
8 6
Dec
o I
— 636
4-38 86
— 33 80
— 9 IS
— 866
— 167
4-10 19
4-13 94
13lh day.
8<nUh».
h. m.
4Ba
1143in|
7 10
4 16m
3 8a
3 43m|
3 41
Dec.
o I
— 6 16
4-664
33
— ^10 84
— 838
4-10 18
- -13 31
19th day.
»otUha.
h. m*
8a
11 46m
7 3
866
148a
3 18m
3 17
Dec.
o I
— 848
4-8 88
4Hn33
— 13 19
— 860
4-10 6
-|-13 18
25th day.
southt.
h. m.
11 34m
1149
668
888
1 34a
1 68m
1 68
Dec
o I
17
OffT
—14 9
ft
9 18
• 66
13 14
I
^
1
3
3
4
5
6
5.
8 11
9
10
11
12
13
5.
15
16
17
1^
19
20
8.
22
23
24
25
26
27
&
29
30
b. m.
6 16a
6 8
7 1
7 63
848
983
10 19a
6
11 48
g
aom
1 13
1 68
3 86ml
8 19
4 6
4 68
6 46
649
7 88
8 a6ml
986
10 88
1138
1 17
3 11
3 6a
369
468
Moon riaes or aete. Mean Time.
i
g
wef.
h. m.
10 33a
11 3
11 47
86m
183
3 37m
8 36
rises.
6 46a
7 11
7 86
8 1
8 38a
8 67
980
10 10
10 69
11 68
60m
3 10
3 97
sets.
6 86a
7 8
7 43
8 isa
8 67
941
i
aete.
h. m.
10 36a
11 7
11 68
043m
186
330m
8 80
rises.
646a
7 10
786
8 3
830a
9
984
10 18
11 4
1169
1 4m
3 16
3 80
sets.
6 37a
7 10
7 46
8 3ia
9 3
9 46
o
a
a
aeu,
h. m.
i0 3ia
11 18
11 68
47m|
1 43
386m
334
rises.
643a
7 10
736
8 4
8 83a
9 4
983
10 30
11 10
6m
1 16m
3 19
834
sets.
6 87a
7 11
7 48
83&a
9 7
9 61
I
aete.
h. m.
10 48a
1198
• • •
i4m|
1 6
1 66
3 6im
8 46
rises.
638a
7 9
739
8 8
860a
9 14
963
10 36
11 36
aete.
h. m.
10 60a
1134
• • •
33m
1 13
3 6
3 68m
3 63
rises.
6 37a
7 9
7 40
8 11
844a
930
966
10 48
11 84
39m
1 36m
383
844
sets.
6 87a
7 16
7 65
8 37a
933
10 7
osom
1 33m
3 89
8 60
sets.
639a
7 19
8
PHENOMENA AND OBSEKVA-
TION&
Sundays and HoUdays.
3|C1 3S.
^ 143N.
4:1 iS.
9|C0 36N.
84Sa
938
10 16
Waahington Mean Time;
d. h. m.
I 6 om<5 ^i;n
3 6 6Bm ($ J $
4 6 nm i gfiU,
6 8 tim^^fAjl
8 8 36ma {[Q.
8 8 3oa g stationary.
12M Sunday after TVinity.
10 6 68a ({ ^vH 3|c 1 60 S.
11 8 46a ^ gr. Hel. "Lot. S.
13 4 7m2^«n * 143N.
18 la ^ 2 c" Ophiuchi.
14 8i7m^ 9<C 9 447N.
14 4 14m($>2<C li3 39N.
13M Sunday after Thmty.
16 6 6BmDJtO-
17 16m 9 gr* Hel. Lat. N.
19 8 46a <{ ^€ S 183N.
33 1 iim Inf. i^Q*
33 4 43m i^^ y 4 34 S.
33 11 43m O enters £^. t;;SS"
Uth S. after Trin. St. Matth.
340 7a({$<C $708.
348 34a^9<C 9898S.
36 3 88a Ziia 4if 4 17 S.
96 6 63a ^ ^dn ;(c w S-
80 3 47m Sup. ($ 9 O*
30 9 7m ^ Stationary.
\bth Sunday after Trinity.
Michaelmas Day.
80 8 36a {{ in Q.
28 October, Tenth Month, begins on Wednesday. [18S1.
Twilighi begiM and endii. Mean Time.
let Day.
7th day.
. Begins. Ends,
h. m. h. m.
13th day. I! 19th day.
25th day. |
Begins,
h. m.
Ends
h. m.
Begins,
h. m.
Ends,
h.m.
Beginc
h. m.
1. Ends,
h. m.
Begins
h.m.
. Ends.
h.nL
Boston,
4 38m
7 178
I 4 80m 7 6a
4 37m
6 66a
4 44m 6 46a
4 60m| 6 88a|
N. York,
496
7 16
483
7 4
488
664
444
646
460
638
Wash'n,
437
718
488
7 8
488
6 64
444
646
460
688
Charles.,
483
7 8
486
7
440
663
446
646
449
688
N. OrPs,
484
7 6
487
6 68
4 41
6 61
446
646
448
640
APOOBB AND PBRIOBB OV THB MOON.
Apogee, 7th day, 2h. A. | Perigee, S!3d day, 3h. M.
1
PRA8B8
Pint Qnarter, let day, 9h. 21.9m. A.
Pull Moon, lOtb " 1 24.6 M.
Laet Quarter, 17ih " 7 4.6 A.
P THB MOON.
New Moon, 94th day, lOh. I.Sm. M.
Fitat Quarter, 3l8t " 8 9.4 A.
§
1
1^
•
Sun'* tapper limb riaee and aete (cor. for refr.) M. Time.
High Water. M.TIme.
i
•«
f
r
h
i
!'
rises.
h.m.
sets.
h.m.
rises.
h.in.
sets.
ti. m.
rises.
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
rises,
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
rtses.
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
h.m.
h.m.
h.m.
1
W.
6 66
6 43
» 60
i 43
166
644
5 54
5 45
5 68
546
8 30a
1 oa
11 3om
d
Th.
67
40
91
41
66
43
54
44
68
46
4 7
1 47
7a
3
F,
66
88
66
39
67
40
66
43
54
48
5 9
3 49
1 9
4
5
S.
Su.
6
87
69
88
66
89
66
41
66
43
633
4 13
333
6 1
6 86
6
(86
569
687
6 67
5 40
5 66
5 41
8 la
5 iia
4 la
6
M.
3
84
1
35
S
86
67
89
66
40
9 14
664
6 14
7
Tu.
8
83
3
83
1
84
66
87
ff7
89
10 4
744
6 4
8
W.
4
80
8
81
3
88
69
86
ff7
88
10 43
838
643
9
Th.
6
38
4
39
8
81
6
35
56
86
11 16
866
7 16
10
F.
6
37
6
38
4
80
34
66
86
11 46
936
746
11
12
S.
Su.
7
6 9
36
6
36
6
38
1
83
60
84
• • •
966
8 15
6 34
8 7
5 35
6 6
637
6 3
5 31
6
588
ism
10 36a
846a
13
M.
10
33
8
33
7
36
8
80
83
046
10 66
9 16
14
Tu.
11
30
10
33
8
34
8
39
1
31
1 16
11 36
946
15
W.
13
18
11
30
9
33
4
37
3
80
1 46
11 50
10 19
16
Th.
18
17
13
19
10
31
5
36
3
39
3 19
• • •
10 tn
17
F.
16
16
13
17
11
19
6
36
38
3ff7
37m
11 44
18
19
S.
Su.
16
14
14
16
13
18
6
34
37
344
1 34
• « •
6 17
6 13
S 16
5 14
S 18
5 16
6 7
5 33
6 4
536
444m
334m
44m
20
M.
18
11
16
18
14
16
8
33
36
6 9
3 49
3 9
21
Tu.
90
9
17
11
16
14
9
31
34
740
630
340
22
W.
31
8
18
10
16
13
9
30
38
8 56
686
466
23
Th.
33
6
19
9
17
11
10
18
33
953
789
6 63
24
F.
98
6
30
7
18
11
17
8
31
10 40
890
640
25
26
S.
Su.
94
8
33
6
19
8
13
16
9
30
5 19
11 33
9 9
7 33
6 36
6 3
633
5 6
6 30
5 7
6 13
5 16
6 9
6a
946m
8 6m
27
M.
36
34
4
31
6
18
14
10
18
049
10 39
849
28
Tu.
38
4 60
35
3
33
6
14
13
11
17
1 30
11 10
980
29
W.
39
66
36
34
4
15
13
13
16
3 10
11 60
10 10
30
Th.
80
67
37
159
35
3
16
11
13
16
3 58
83a
10 58
31
F.
83
66
38
66
36
1
17
10
18
14
8 41
131
11 41
1851.] October htu Thirty-
PUH^ of Ok Msriitlan (mnn lime} and
1. dey
d.7.
h.111.
10 mh
* U)
lae
— en
10 WD
D4TI
1 sm
1 4
toi
— ITM
-H«4S
—10 U
V.'
lOisro
-(^ 3
— tOH
oa
ism
< Om
I 30
nil
ii4*a
— 7*7
— IIM
"5
11
Mi>«irl»DrHl>. Me-DTIme.
PHENOMENA AND OBa»VA-
TTONS
Sitndays and Holiday,.
J
i
5
1
i
1
i
1
2
3
4
h-OL
loaoa
11 at
IM
h-in!
will
II M
i« wa
u' ta
<Bn
003
t»wi*4f *?iN.
a s aw i l^f 'Ceti * i » S.
3 17a stationarr.
4 aaooD?©.
l6tA Sunday after THnily,
t ID im !J iu Perihelion.
T 6sa g gr. elong. n asW.
U .*lmHc: haioN.
.i7iimi¥<C 5t440N.
13 .4oa?a.8.
17'A Sunday after Trinity.
u lasa,; JoSeiT). *o»lS.
10 oa 5 ^r. HeL Lai. N.
n 8 «a .J gX t * w S.
« n)m<J?C Jo*iN.
St.LiAe.
I8(A Sunrfoy o/Ver TrinUy.
»ii,*mrf9^ 90 4S.
B sola ,JB« g»»»S.
33 34a D |50-
M 3« fhO-
S.
6
7
8
g
10
11
s.
13
14
15
16
17
18
w.
BO
SI
22
25
» la
wai
7
03Mn
an
«4(la
laam
BMa
laim
B4ML
8 T
■ u
139
641
i47tn
310
13*
ru«t.
■ 41
4H
sas
era
1 aa
7 3*
T SB
[Old
>«
OM
1 am
3 IB
teti.
e ID
...
3 90
seU.
im
aat
Its
■ loni
laa
■ 40
tao
oasm
i»
ass
S43
tett.
t4M
<ia
S.
87
as
39
30
31
I4M
1 W
lU
4S0
taa
84«t
713
sao
isaa
»aa
OKin
14
«na
T4a
896
oai
7 lOS
766
848
B4a
7 isa
IM
(M
1 30
lOtA Sunday after
St. Simon and St.
y.zik
Trinity.
*.mS.
30 November^ Eleventh Months begins on Saturday. [1851.
Twilight begins and ends.
IVI
[ean Time. |
let day.
7th day. !| 13th day. 1 19ihday.
25th day.
Begins,
h. m.
Ends
h. m.
. Begins,
h. m.
Ends,
h. m.
Begms.
h. m.
Ends,
h.m.
Begins
h. ro.
1. Ends,
h. m.
Begins. Ends,
h. m. h. m.
Boston,
4 66m
680S
i 6 sm
6 38a
6 iim
6 18a
6 1710 6 14a
6 38m 6 iia
N. York,
467
6 81
6 4
6 34
6 10
6 10
6 16
6 16
6 31
6 18
Wash'n,
4 67
6 81
6 8
6 36
5 8
6 31
5 18
6 18
6 19
6 16
Charles.,
464
684
460
6 39
6 8
636
6 7
638
6 13
6 33
N. Orl's,
468
636
466
6 81
6 1
698
6 6
636
6 9
636
APOOBB AMD PBRIOBB OF THS MOON.
Apogee, 4th day, 2h. M. i Perigee, 20th day, 4h. M.
PHASBS OF THB MOON.
Full Moon, 8th day, 6h. 13.3m. A. New Moon, 22d day, 8h. 58.1 in. A.
Last Quarter, 16th " 4 13.5 M. First Quarter, 30th " 10 19.1 M.
•
■
1
•
1
o
1
Sun's upper limb rises and sets (cor. for refr.) M. Time.
High Water. M.Time.
«5
•
a
u
55
i
m
§
1^
riae8.
h. m.
sets
h. m.
nseg.
h.m. 1
aeia
1 m.
rises.
h.m.
sets.
h. D).
rises.
h.m.
sets.
h. m.
rises.
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
h.m.
h. m.
h. m.
1
2
s.
Su,
6 88
4 64
6 30 <
167
S 37
5
6 17
5 9
6 14
5 18
4 87a
3 na
37a
6 84
4 53
S31 <
166
S38
4 69
6 18
5 9
6 15
5 13
5 64a
8 84a
1 64a
3
M.
8ft
51
33
66
39
68
19
8
15
13
7 17
467
8 17
4
Tu.
86
60
83
63
80
67
30
7
16
11
880
6 10
480
5
W.
88
49
85
63
81
66
31
6
17
10
936
7 6
5 26
6
Th.
40
48
86
61
83
66
33
6
18
9
10 8
748
6 8
7
F.
41
47
87
60
83
64
33
4
18
9
10 43
.8 23
643
8
9
S.
Su,
43
6 43
46
38
49
86
68
34
4
19
8
11 16
8 66
7 16
4 44
639 .
148
6 36
4 63
S35
5 3
6 30
5 8
11 46a
936a
7 46a
10
M.
44
43
41
47
87
61
36
3
31
• • •
9 68
8 18
11
Tu.
46
43
43
46
38
60
36
1
33
18m
10 80
8 60
12
W.
46
41
43
46
89
49
37
1
33
50
11 4
934
13
Th.
48
40
44
44
40
48
38
38
134
11 43
10 3
14
F.
49
89
46
43
41
47
39
34
3 3
• • •
10 48
15
16
S.
Su.
60
89
46
48
43
47
80
4 69
36
343
38m
11 88
6 63
4 88
648
143
S4B
446
6 31
4 68
6 36
6 4
8 33m
1 18m
• • •
17
M.
68
87
40
41
45
46
83
68
37
433
3 13
83m
18
Tu.
64
86
60
40
46
44
83
66
38
663
8 83
I 63
19
W.
65
86
51
40
47
44
34
67
38
8
7 16
4 66
3 16
20
Th.
66
84
63
89
48
48
36
W
39
3
880
6 10
430
21
F.
68
84
64
88
49
43
36
66
80
3
937
7 7
537 .
22
23
S.
Su.
60
88
65
88
60
43
36
66
31
3
10 16
766
6 16
7
488
S56
4 37
S 61
443
587
4 66
633
5 1
11 4m
844m
7 4m
24
M.
1
83
67
87
53
41
88
66
88
11 46
936
746
25
Tu.
' 8
81
68
87
58
41
89
66
88
80a
10 10
8 30
26
W.
4
31
69
86
64
40
40
65
34
1 10
10 60
9 10
27
1^.
6
31
7
86
65
40
41
56
86
1 58
1188
963
28
F.
6
80
1
85
66
30
43
64
86
336
15a
10 36
-29
30
S.
^u.
7
80
4 29
3
It 3
35
4 34
67
6 58
89
4 39
43
■6 44
64
87
6 88
5
8 19
60
11 19
6a
7
8
4 54
4 6a
1 46a
1851.] November has Thirty Days. 31
Passage of the Meridian (mean time) and Declination of the Planets.
1st day.
7th day. |
13th day.
19th day. |
25th day.
BOlUfu
». Dec.
souths.
Dec.
souths.
Dec.
souths.
ucc*
souths. , Dec.
h. m.
O 1
h. m.
O f
h. m.
O 1
h. m.
O 4
h. m.
o «
^ 11 30E
Q — 13 34
11 43m
— 16 9
11 57m —
'19 23
13a
— ^33 8
036a
— 34 8
9 173
— 16 32
034a
— 18 45
3ia — 20 39
039
— 33 18
048
— 33 33
^6 461]
tt-|-30 49
6 8im
-[-20 25
6 nm -|-20 4
6 im
-|-1»46
4 44m
+19 34
66
— 35 39
039
—36 68
(0 im -i
ill 57a -i
» 8^
» 13 :
1139a
—29 4
11 oa
— 39 87
$ 4 37
-j-33 37
4 6
-|-33 66
3 43m -[hM 18
3 i9ra
-|-34 44
3 54m
-f-36 13
11 11 29
— 13 6
11 11
— 11 32
10 53 —
-13 68
10 88
— 13 33
10 16
—13 47
^l 11 13a
--8 88
10 48a
--849
losaa --
•8 4d;
9 67a
--8 32
983a
--836
9 U 17
--11 44
10 63
-f-ll 89
10 38 (-■
-11 34
10 4
--11 39
940
--11 36
Month.
Soaths.
Time.
Moon rises or sets. Mean Time.
PHENOMENA AND ORSERVA-
TIONa
i
i
i
i
«
Days of
Moon
Mean
jj
•
1
i
•
7IZ
Sundays and Holidays.
sete.
set*.
9et9.
sete.
sets.
Washington Mean Time.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
d. h. n. o 1
1 6 69a
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
An Saints,
20th Sunday after Trinity.
& 7 44a
8m
iim
16m
38m
33m
3 6S7
1 6
1 10
1 13
133
1 36
1 6Qm($S(rt ^ 1 14 S.
4 9 9
3 6
3 8
3 U
3 16
3 19
1 8 66m ^ Q J^ ^ 15 S.
5 960
3 4
3 5
3 6
3 10
3 13
5 1 46m; ^O'Jiliyty 1.498.
610 33
4 4
4 4
4 6
4 4
4 5
6 6 3oa <J ^y2B Hfi i 83N.
7 9 Om^ Yiii \l 338N.
711 15
nses.
nses.
nses.
nses.
nses.
8 8
6 la
6 3a
6 7a
6 16a
690a
7 114im<5 9(C 9 4 48N.
21j/ Sunday after Trinity.
S. om
683a
6 36a
640a
5 6ia
566a
10 47
6 8
6 IS
6 18
633
638
7 4 33a Sup. ($ {} O*
11 137
646
6 61
6 67
7 14
733
7 6 14a ($ $h^ 3|C 1 43 S.
12 s ao
7 41
745
763
8 9
8 17
8 5 63m Sf in {3*
13 3 35
843
8 47
8 63
9 8
9 16
13 3 4m 9 in Q.
14 4 31
9 41
946
9 61
10 6
10 14
15 6 17
10 60
10 64
10 69
11 11
11 17
15 3 46m($ ^<C $ isN.
22 J Sunday after Trinity.
S. 6 iim
11 58a
• « •
• • •
• • •
• • •
17 7 6
• • •
3m
6m
16m
033m
16 3 4m $ stationary.
18 7 57
1 13m
1 16
1 16
134
129
18 9 43m ^ in ApheUon.
19 8 49
396
336
338
330
333
20 41
340
340
389
3 88
3 39
20 1 44m ($ Sb.A.C.6979.^0 45 S.
2110 84
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
21 7 23m^2?<r JJlf 4 2 S.
2211 27
440a
4 43a
448a
5 oa
6 6a
21 5 9a i^h^t 5|C0 37S.
23rf Sunday after Trinity.
fir. 33a
5 19a
5 34a
539a
5 44a
6 6ia
24 1 19
6 7
6 13
6 18
684
643
•23 n 49m i ^<L ^ 4 5i S.
25 3 16
6 66
7 3
7 10
737
735
23 9 89a ^ 9 C $ 8 19 S.
26 3 10
7 54
8
8 6
833
8 31
27 4 3
8 66
9
9 6
9 31
938
28 4 63
9 66
10
10 5
10 17
10 34
29 6 39
10 M
10 57
11 3
11 13
11 17
S. 6 33a J
11 65a
11 67a
a 69a
• • •
• • •
1st Sun. in
Adv.
St. Andre%n.\
32 December^ Twelfth Months begins on Monday, f 1851.
Twilight begins and ends. Mean Time.
1st day.
7th day.
13th day.
19th day.
25th day. |
Begins,
h. m.
Ends
h. m.
. Begins,
h. m
Bnds.
Ii. m.
Begins,
h. m.
Ends,
h. m.
Begins. Ends,
h. m. h. m.
Begins
h. m.
1. Ends,
h. m.
Boston,
5 3901
6 98
I 5 85m
6 9a
^40m
6 18a
5 4Sm 6 loa
5 46m 6 14a|
N. York,
53T
6 11
588
6 11
587
6 11
5 41
6 18
5 44
6 10
Wash'n,
536
6 IS
530
6 14
534
6 14
538
6 16
6 41
6 19
Charles.,
5 17
6 31
533
6 33
536
633
539
635
5 83
638
N. Orl's,
5 IS
635
5 18
6 36
534
637
535
639
5 98
6 33
APOORB AMD PBRIQSI OP THB MOON.
Apogee, let day, 9h. A. | Perigee, 16th day, 4h. A. | Apogee, 29th day, 6h. A.
PHASBS OP TBI MOON.
Full Moon, 8th day, lOh. 19.3in. M. New Moon, 22d day, lOh. 26.8m. M.
Last Quarter, 15th " 17.5 A. First Quarter, 90th <^ 8 6.6 M.
§
o
1
Sun's uf^ier limb rises and seta (cor. forrefr.) M. Time.
High Water. M. Time.
•
••
i
r
•
2:
4.
>
9
sr:
rises,
h. m.
tets.
h. m.
rtses.
h. m.
seto.
ti. m.
naea.
p. m.
sete.
h. m.
nses.
h. m.
seta.
h. m.
rtaes.
h. m.
8et8.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
I
M.
7 9
4 39
7 4
134
6 58
439
6 44
4 54
6 39
5
5 4a
3 44a
1 4a
2
Tu.
10
38
5
33
59
38
45
54
89
6 17
3 57
9 17
3
W.
11
38
6
33
7
88
46
54
40
736
5 6
8 96
4
Th.
13
38
7
33
1
38
47
54
41
839
6 9
4 99
5
P.
14
38
8
33
3
38
48
54
43
9 33
7 3
6 93
6
1
S.
Su.
16
7 16
38
9
33
3
88
49
54
4 64
43
643
5 1
10 3
743
6 3
4 38
7 10
1 33
7 4
438
6 49
10 40a
8 3oa
6 40a
8
M.
17
38
11
33
5
88.
60
64
44
11 19
8 69
7 19
9
Tu.
17
38
13
S3
6
38
61
64
45
11 67
937
7 67
10
W.
18
38
18
38
7
88
63
54
45
• • •
10 13
8 33
11
Th.
19
38
14
33
8
88
53
65
46
ossm
10 53
9 13
12
F.
90
38
15
33
8
39
63
65
47
3
1 13
11 34
9 64
13
14
S.
Su.
31
733
38
16
33
9
7 10
39
64
65
47
648
3
5 3
1 54
...
10 37
4 38
7 16
1 34
439
6 54
465
3 37m
17m
n 38a
15
M.
33
39
17
34
11
39
55
66
49
3
3 38
1 8
• • ■
16
Tu.
33
39
18
34
11
40
66
66
49
3
433
3 8
33m
17
W.
M
39
18
34
13
40
66
67
60
3
5 39
8 9
1 99
18
Th.
35
39
19
35
13
41
SI
67
60
4
6 44
434
3 44
19
F.
35
80
30
35
14
41
68
57
61
4
756
6 36
3 56
20
21
S.
Su.
36
7 36
SO
30
36
15
7 15
41
66
58
61
4
8 69
6 39
4 69
4 31
7 31
i 36
443
6 69
4 56
6 53
5 5
9 66m
7 36m
5 56m
22
M.
37
81
31
37
16
43
69
59
53
6
10 46
836
646
23
Tu.
37
33
33
87
16
43
7
59
63
6
11 33
9 13
7 33
24
W.
37
33
33
38
17
43
5
68
7
na
9 57
8 17
25
Th.
S8
33
33
38
17
44
54
7
58
10 38
8 68
26
F.
38
34
S3
89
17
46
1
1
54
8
139
11 19
9 39
27
28
S.
Su.
39
7 39
34
33
40
140
18
46
1
1
64
6 65
8
5 9
3 17
11 57
10 17
4 35
7 34
7 18
446
T 3
5 3
3 66a
36a
10 56m
29
M.
39
36
34
41
18
46
3
3
55
10
3 36
1 16
11 36
30
Tu.
39
36
34
43
19
47
3
4
55
10
4 19
1 59
198
31
W.
SO
37
34
43
19
48
8
4
66
11
6 8
3 48
1 8
I851.J December hat Thirty-one Dayi. 2»\
25,1 dv- 1
0443
9»m
llM.
1 IB
I <
10 4a
s in
oar
4)3
SSI
— M4B
—94 96
5:
h. m.
1 lea
• m
l»4m
89T
HE
h. m.
lua
194
ou
T»4a
—93 49
4-19 01
in
S4«B
810
7M)a
— ists
1
11
MoonrimoiHU. MtuTlaie.
TIONS.
Stmdays and HoUdayi.
1
4
1
I
1
I
4
5
6
7 4a
mi
440
oum
9M
oum
IH
9W
«4a
44»
7m
oa)
948
oum
1 w
94S
■ 49
4 doai^C S*mN.
8 8 oa a gr. Hel lat. S.
«o^i^<C Jo«.N.
S<f Sum/w in ^A«>/.
la «L i S 9 5 1 » S.
uisniStrf *ii4S.
10 MO 9 in Aphelion.
10 9 48II1 i statitraaiy.
M 4 Tit ,JHS iJiouS.
i7i9omrf9 5 5»»N.
2d Sunday in Advent.
loOMm^^C ^o«S.
w 9mrfg J a oioS.
90 1 «a 5 gr. along. 90 i E.
as * Mm O enteiB VJ. Z'^'X
u onmiSff ti o»4S.
«4om<59C 9omS.
S.
8
9
10
It
12
13
S.
15
I
30
31
oaara
1 IS
a 18
7SS
rwe*.
4Wa
t30
T»0
941
14S
«41
ma
ow
t !Ta
en
en
10 11
1 3a
14ID
t 40
3 4T
9M
4GS
11 loa
09om
oum
199
9«3
t U
440
I mi
341
<a9
7«»
040
D4Da
140
4«oa
7411
140
omi
4463
749
040
s isa
8 t
10 aa
oorm
iiaa
8 11
10 na
97 T4Ba!JinQ
M um 2 stationaty.
CAmfmiu iJay.
Si. Stephen.
St. John. [nocwto.
l«i San. after Otrislntas. In-
11 o«mf?OS'>TJ;'.4».
ti 11 im h Btationary.
34 ECLIPSES or JAN. 17th, AMD OF JAM. SlST AMD FEB. IST. [1851,
*£CLIPSES IN 1851.
In the year 1851, there will be four eclipses, two of the Sun, and two of
the Moon ; of which eclipses, two, namely, one of the Sun, and one of the
Moon, will be Yisiblein the United States.
I. Friday, January 17th. A partial eclipse of the Moon, invisible in
the United States.
Beginning of the eclipse, lOh. 32.1m. M.)|^^^y^g^j
Middle, 11 41.9 M. [ Washington.
End, 51.7 A.) *
Digits eclipsed 5^ 35' on the northern limb.
This eclipse wiU be visible in Europe, Asia, Africa, and New Holland.
II. Friday and Saturday, January 31st and February 1st. An annular
eclipse of the Sun, invisible in the United States.
Beginning of the general eclipse, Jan. 31st, 9h. 55.5m. A. (mean time
at Washington), in latitude 32^ 57' S., and longitude 36° 1' E. of Green-
wich.
Beginning of the central and annular eclipse 31st day, lib. 15.5m. A., in
latitude 47<> 41' S., and longitude 7^^ 44 E. of Greenwich.
Central eclipse at noon, Feb. 1st, Oh. 32.2m. M., in latitude 58^ 23' S.,
and longitude 98P 22' £L of Greenwich.
End of the central and annular eclipse, 1st day, 2h. 17.0m. M., in lati-
|ude 28P 57' S. and longitude 171 <) 49' E. of Greenwich.
End of the general eclipse 1st day, 3h. 37.0m. M., in latitude 13^ 13' S.
and longitude 146° 21' E. of Greenwich.
The central line passes over the points on the earth's surfiu^ whose po-
sitions are, —
Latitude.
Longitude
fiv>m Groeawich.
Latitude.
Longitude
fiom Greenwich.
47° 41' S.
52 57
57 2
60 5
59 18
58 23
70 44' E.
24 45
41 28
64 57
92 16
98 22
52° 31' S.
44 51
38 4
33 7
28 27
U9P 16' E.
135 31
148 30
159 7
171 49
This eclipse will be visible in the southernmost portions of Africa, in
New Holland, South Victoria, and the Indian Ocean.
1851.]
scLiPSE or JULY 13th.
35
III. Sandaj, July 13th. A partial eclipse of the Moon, yiaible in the
United States, as follows : —
Name of Place.
Beginninf.
End.
Name of Place.
Begimiing.
End
,
h. m.
h. m.
b. m.
b. m.
Albany,
57.3m
3 59.3m
Middletown,Con .,
59.7m
4 1.7m
Amherst,
1 0.2
4 2.2
Mobile,
1158.4a
3 04
Annapolis,
44.1
3 46.1
Montpelier, Yt,
59.9m
4 1.9
Augusta, Ga.,
22.7
3 24.7
Montreal,
56.0
3 58.0
Augusta, Me.,
115.2
4 17.2
Nantucket,
1 9.9
411.9
Baltimore,
43.8
3 45.8
Nashville, Tenn.
3.0
3 5.0
Bangor, Me.^
115.2
4 17.2
Natchez,
11 44.7a
2 46.7
Boston,
1 6.0
4 8.0
New Bedford,
1 6.6m
4 8.6
Brunswick, Me.,
110.6
4 12.6
Newbury port,
1 6.8
1 8.8
Buffalo,
34^
3 36.6
New Haven,
58.5
4 0.5
Burlington, Yt.,
Cambridge,
57.6
3 59.6
New Orleans,
1150.3a
2 52.3
1 5.8
4 7.8
Newport,
1 5.0m
4 7.0
Charleston,
30.5
3 32.5
New York,
54.2
3 56.2
Chicago, ^
0.3
3 2.3
Norfolk, Va.,
45.0
3 47.0
Cincinnati,
012.5
314.5
Northampton,
59.7
4 1.7
Columbia, S. C,
25.8
3 27.8
Philadelphia,
49.6
3 51.6
Columbus, Ohio,
018.1
3 20.1
Pittsburff,
30.1
3 32.2
Concord, N. H.,
1 4.2
4 6.2
Portland,
1 9.4
411.4
Detroit, Mich.,
018.4
3 20.4
Portsmouth,
1 75
4 9.2
Dover, Del.,
48.3
3 50.3
Princeton,
51.7
3 53.7
Eastport, Me.,
Frankfort, Ky.,
122.6
4 24.6
Providence,
54.6
3 56.6
21.6
3 23.6
Q,uebec,
1 5.2
4 7.2
Frederickton, N. B.,
143.3
4 45.3
Raleigh, N. C,
35.1
3 371
Gloucester, Mass.,
1 7.6
4 9.6
Richmond,
40.5
3 42.5
Greenfield, Mass.
59.9
4 1.9
Rochester, N. Y.,
138.9
4 40.9
Halifax, N. S.,
135.9
4 379
St. Augustine,
24.0
3 26.0
Harrisburg,
43.0
3 45
St. Louis,
11 49.3a
2 51.3
Hartford,
59.6
4 1.6
Salem,
1 6.7m
4 8.7
Hudson, Ohio,
24.6
3 26.6
Savannah,
26.7
3 27.7
Indianapolis,
5.9
3 7.9
Sprinsfield, 111.,
Tallahassee,
11 51.1a
2 53.1
Jackson, Miss. '
11 49.8a
2 51.8
011.9m
313.9
Jefferson, Mo.
11 41 .8
2 439
Toronto,
32.9
3 34.9
Key West,
23.1m
3 251
Trenton, N. J.,
51.7
3 53.7
Kingston, C. W.,
Lexmgton, Ky.,
Little Rock,
43 6
3 45.6
Tuscaloosa,
11 59.5a
3 1.5
13.1
3 15.1
Univ. of Virginia,
36.2m
3 38.3
11 41.5a
2 43.5
Washington, ^
42.2
3 44 2
Louisville,
8.3m
310.3
Williamstown,
57.4
3 59.4
Lowell,
1 5.0
4 7.0
Worcester,
1 3.1
4 5.1
The time of beginning may be computed for any other place by the fol-
lowing table : —
Long.
July 13th.
Long.
July 13lh.
Long.
July 13th.
Long.
July 13th.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
670
1 22.3m
720
1 2.3m
770
42.3m
820
22.3m
68
1 18.3
73
58.3
78
38.2
83
18.3
69
1 14.3
74
54 3
79
34.3
84
14.3
70
1 10.3
75
50.3
80
30.3
85 10.3
71
1 6.3
76
46.3
81
26.3
86 6.3
36
ECLIPSES or JULY 13th, and jult 28th.
[1851.
hong.
July 13th.
h. m.
Long.
July 12th.
h. m.
Long.
July 12th
h. m.
Long.
July 12th.
h. m.
870
2.3m
970
11 22.3a
107°
10 42.3a
1170
10 2.3a
July 12th.
98
11 18.3
108
10 38.3
118
9 58.3
88
11 58.3a
99
11 14.3
109
10 34.3
119
9 54.3
89
11 54.3
100
11 10.3
110
10 30.3
120
9 50.3
90
11 50.3
101
11 6.4
111
10 26.3
121
9 46.3
91
11 46.3
102
11 2.3
112
10 22.3
122
9 42.3
92
11 42.3
103
10 58.3
113
10 18 3
123
9 38.3
93
11 38.3
104
10 54.3
114
10 14.3
124
9 34.3
94
11 34.3
105
10 50.3
115
10 10.3
125
9 30.3
95
11 30.3
106
10 46.3
116
10 6.3
126
9 26.3
96
11 26.3
The time of the end may be found by adding 3h. 2m. to the time of be-
ginning.
The magnitude of the eclipse is8j^ digits on the Moon's south limb.
IV. Monday, July 28th. A total eclipse of the Sun, partially visible in
the United States.*
Beginning of the general eclipse, 7h. 6.1m. M., mean time at Washing-
ton, in latitude 36** 0' N., and longitude 10^ 28^ W. of Greenwich.
Beginning of central and total eclipse, 7h. 17 7m. M., in latitude 53P 43'
N., and longitude 137° 48' W. of Greenwich.
Central eclipse at noon, 9h. 13.0m. M., in latitude 69° 51' N., and longi-
tude 33P43' W. of Greenwich.
End of central and total eclipse, lOh. 31.5m. M., in latitude 39° 6' N.,
and longitude 52P 50' £. of Greenwich.
End of the general eclipse at llh. 43.1m. M., in latitude 20° 28' N., and
longitude 26^ 7' E. of Greenwich.
The centre of the shadow passes over the points on the Earth's surface
whose positions are, —
Latitude.
Longitude
from Greenwich.
Latitude.
Longitude
from Greenwich.
53P 43' N.
59 41
63 57
69 9
70 33
69 54
137° 48' W.
121 54
108 22
82 12
42 29
33 43
63P 38' N.
55 19
48 18
44 5
39 6
1° 56' E.
18 3 .
31 49
40 37
52 50
This eclipse will be visible throughout Europe, the greater part of North
America, in the western portions of Asia, and the northern and western
portions of Africa. Being visible over so large a part of the civilized
globe, its observation will be of especial interest and value.
The phases of the eclipse will occur approximately as fbllows: —
* For the elements and phases of this eclipse, the Almanac is indebted to Lieut. G. H.
Davis, U. S. N., the Superintendent of the American Nautical Almanac, who has communU
cated them by the authority of the Hon. Secretary of the Navy.
1851J
KOUPSE OF JUIiT 88th*
87
■
"5
Angle from
N. to E. of
ii
Angle fiom
N. to £. of
Place.
Begin
End.
51
First
Last
Place,
Begin-
End.
First
Last
ning.
Sg
point
afcon
point
of con-
ning.
«i
point
of con-
point
of con-
b. m.
tacu
tact.
tact.
tact.
h. m.
o„
o
h. m.
h. m.
3l4
^\
Albany,
7 36.9
9 18.7
4.1
316
62
Montpelier,
7 41.3
9 29.7
4.6
&
Amberat.
Annapolis,
43.3
23.9
4.0
319
61
Montreal,
36.3
27.7
6.1
310
68
230
8 63
3.0
321
44
Nantucket,
65.3
33.9
3.3
320
48
Augusta, Ga.,
3.1
6.2
1.6
333
31
Nashville,
6 34.9
7 56.4
2.9
321
43
Augusta, Me.,
66.0
9 44.1
4.6
314
66
Natchez,
17.6
7 21.6
1.4
aio
33
Baltimore,
23.2
8 52.8
3.2
321
45
New Bedford,
7 50.8
9 30.4
3.6
319
49
Bangor,
691
9 61.1
4.6
305
67
Newburyport,
60.4
34.3
4.0
317
62
Boston,
49.6
8 31.7
3.9
317
61
New Haven,
40.5
19.1
3.6
319
49
Brunsw'k,M&
54.8
42.7
4.4
315
55
New Orleans,
6 28.2
7 19.2
1.2
336
26
Bufl^o,
10.3
63.8
4.6
313
55
Newport,
7 48.8
9 27.8
35
310
48
BurPgt^, Vl.
333
9 26.0
4.7
320
65
New York,
36.6
11.7
3.6
320
48
Cambridge,
49.3
31.8
3.9
318
61
Norfolk,
27.5
8 46.6
2.1
329
37
Charleston,
162
8 11.6
l.O
338
26
Northampton,
41.7
9 23.4
4.0
317
51
Chicago,
6 30.2
10.8
5 1
309
67
Pensacola,
6 42.4
7 30.8
1.0
339
26
Cincinnati,
44.4
16.4
3.7
315
48
Philadelphia,
Plymouth,
7 30.0
9 3.3
3.3
320
46
Columbia,
7 6.9
11.6
1.6
332
32
51.9
327
3.8
318
60
Columbus,
6 61.1
25.6
4.0
315
60
Portland,
63.4
40.3
4.3
316
54
Detroit,
61.1
36.8
4.8
310
56
Portsmouth,
60.8
35.7
4.1
316
63
Dover, Del.,
7 29.0
69.8
3.0
320
63
Princeton,
32.5
7.1
33
320
47
Eastport,
Frankfort,
8 8.6
9 31.0
4.7
313
67
Providence,
48.3
28.6
3.7
319
49
6 43 9
8 13.1
3.5
318
47
Quebec,
47.7
43.1
54
311
60
Frederickton,
8 9.2
10 5.5
5.0
312
58
Raleigh,
16.0
8 30.1
2.0
1329
36
Gloucester,
7 51.6
9 34.8
3.9
318
62
Richmond,
19.6
43.0
2.2
326
41
Greenfield,
420
24.7
4.1
317
62
Rochester,
15.4
9 0.2
4.6
313
64
Halifax,
8 26.3
1017.9
4.6
316
56
SanFrancisco,
5 40.1
Harrisburg,
7 21.6
8 56.4
3.5
319
48
St. Augustine,
7 21.0
7 42.3
0.1
353
10
Hartford,
41.8
9 21.6
3.8
319
50
St. Louis,
6 18.0
7 49.2
4.5
313
61
Hudson, Ohio,
6 68.6
8 37.1
4.3
314
62
Salem,
7 50.5
8 33.2
4.0
317
62
Indianapolis,
36.7
11.7
42
314
62
Savannah,
II.4
8 01.7
0.7
340
24
Jackson,
243
7 29.5
2.0
328
36
Springfield,m.
Tallahassee,
6 21.1
7 65.7
4.6
311
61
Jeflferson,
9.7
41.2
4.3
311
50
67.4
7 40.0
0.6
342
21
Kingston,
7 21.1
9 8.1
4.8
312
66
Toronto,
7 8.3
8 63.8
4.8
312
66
Lexington,
6 46.8
8 14.0
3.4
318
46
Trenton,
32.6
9 6.7
3.4
320
46
Little Itock,
10.6
7 30.3
31
320
43
Tuscaloosa,
6 33.8
7 42.0
2.1
329
3d
Louisville,
40.1
8 8.6
3.5
318
47
Univ. of Va.,
7 13.7
8 40.0
2.8
323
44
Lowell,
7 48.3
9 31.5
4.0
317
51
Washington,
21.2
60.3
3.0
327
4
Middletown,
42.0
21.4
32
319
49
Will'mstown,
386
9 21.8
4.1
315
63
Milledgeville,
6 56.7
7 58.6
1.4
334
30
Worcester,
7 46.0
9 27.9
3.9
318
51
Mobile, 37.11
29.9
12
336
27 1
1
The following is a more exact determination of the phases for the Obser-
Tatories of America.
Greatest
Angle from North to(
to the Gaatof i
Place.
Beginning.
Obscura-
tion.
End.
First
point
Last point
of contact.
of contact.
h. m. s.
h. m. s.
h. m. s.
o
jA
& i
Annapolis, Naval Academy,
7 24 6.5
8 7 14
8 53 27.3
322
Brooklyn, Blunt'a Observatory,
7 35 30.2
8 21 53
9 11 39.9
319
52
47 33
Cambridge, Observatory,
7 49 15.0
8 38 36
9 31 50.9
317
46
50 61
Cincinnati, Observatory,
6 44 22.7
7 28 41
8 16 19.8
316
40
48 12
Georgetown, ColL Observatory,
Hudson, West. Reserve Col. Obs.,
7 21 7.9
8 4 9
8 50 20.0
322
6
44 6
6 58 27.6
745 54
8 37 3.4
314
14
51 40
Middletown, West. Univ. Obs.,
7 41 56.1
829 50
9 21 21.9
318
44
49 16
Nantucket, MitchelVs Observat.,
7 65 22.2
8 40 50
9 33 52.8
320
49
47 50
New Haven, Tale College Obs.,
7 40 32.7
8 28 3
9 19 2.8
319
7
48 43
New York, Rutherford's Obs.,
Philadelphia, High School Obs.,
7 35 31.2
8 21 65
9 11 45.0
319
60
47 34
7 30 1.4
8 15 40
9 3 15.8
320
62
46 3
Toronto, Observatory,
7 8 10.7
7 59 61
8 53 50.0
310
48
66
Tuscaloosa, Univ. of Ala. Obs.,
6 33 43.1
7 6 57
7 42 7.9
328
17
34 33
Washington, National Observ.,
West Point, Military Acad. Obs. ,
7 21 13.2
8 4 13
8 50 21.6
322
7
44 3
7 35 24.6
823 4
9 14 9.2
318
21
49 14
For other places the phases of the eclipse may be found from the following
tables : —
4
lflT5T3TTsTITaHIIT1Ta
' ttumn mmiTjiiTi
flTuiniBTsifininii
UsissssssssTTsfirnn
^'IfTFsTlsfsaaasgaaass;;
ilSjS5Ja3SSS"SIIIHTIU
tiiiiuaiTimiiiTnl
ftHHIIIWslJlsTlISlJ
itiTfiinsiiTjiTimis
jtTJTfTFSTSTaTsni SHI
"Umr^ nutrnjtUTi
pnnnjinjiinnn
'itf^nii-disiumtiiii
jnmsfsTinTjiiiii
-iiSjsTniniiiinTi
j!lT3"3TIIIIHllTJiii
"^»USgg33535giSal
jlsi3^Siiii3333l33i3
°SsaS5SagR«8S;SS3SJSSSg
mniTr
timiiT
tlWISTT
tlHITST
timTjT
fmUTT
TJUITJT
T5333!Tf
iTfJTUT
11833353
iimm
HmnT
"Tjimn
Hnim
"iflTiJl
tiTSlTST:
ffUTT
TftT
ifTT
itTT
TT5T
SsTT
T3T
-trjJ
:TSTT
T5T1
STTf
TTfl
?T17
ITJT
15-33
ilii
am
ITU
im
311^
3Eig
nss
fin
5T3T5
TOTS
im
ITfl
ilTl
im
im
313X3
im
STSS
40
X0UP8I OP JULY 88th.
[1861.
4
1
I
I
1
1
!
o
CO
9
35a3S2S233332SS2253S2
o
3 S 3 3 S 2 2 S 3 3 3 S 3 S S S S S ;H ;! ^
o
32S35232335S25S2SSS22
k
3 3 2 a 3 S S S 3 3 3 3 S S 3 S 3 S 3 ? :s
o
00
3333333233332332333 ;:•?
1
333335332333233333322
o
00
-33233335535325223322
o
s
*-333aaS332333322§SS2 2
1
"* 2 S 3 3 5 2 3 2 3 3 3 5 2 5 3 2 3 2 2
1;
""2333322233323223352
h
-.'•3332333233522252S52
o
00
" • 2 2 S 3 3 3 S S 3 3 S S g 2 S 3 S S 2
o
00
o
s
---2 33333323332222 5 22
^
' *■ 2 2 S 3 3 a 3 S 3 3 S 3 2 2 2 5 3 2
8»
?:
'^"*2:3a532233333 5 22 2
o
""•3 5S-5S-S553355S52S5
•"2233332533S5 22S22
o
^•22S§3S3S23333S2S2
8>
-^-^•322552223332225 2
&
-^^•2 2 23222 2 3 332 2 233
•opi
nii«i
°C0 COCOCOCOCO^COCOCO^'^^^^'^9'^^'^0
— — i
1851.]
SCLIPSE-OF JULY 28tH.
41
■4-
«»
C)
Oh
If
I
Oh
I
I
o
a
o
o
B
&
bo
o
CO
o
o
o
o
a»
o
00
o
00
00
o
00
%
o
3
o
CO
00
o
00
00
00
o
o
o
CO
o
o
o
CO
o
o
O
§
1-1 00
eo CO
CO OQ r-*
^- i-< 1^
00 00 CO
09
n n g9 81 Ct ct Cf
CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO 00 CO
CO
09 00 91 vi cl 91
o S S ^ ^ G^
CO CO CO CO oo
00 >o CO
F-« f-« I^
CO CO 00
00
o
CO
§ § i i
00 00 00 CO 00 00 CO CO CO CO CO CO CO A O^ va 03- A Ct Ct Gt
CO 00
00 to f-H a (6 ^
^i s ss § i i
cS i« f-«
99 CO CO
S 5= 2
CO CO CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
o
00
§g eo g o ®
CO ^ OT n ^
§«o g g i-t
9S CO m 00
« « Q g I
CO 00
SS !S
^ CO <o
C* »H i-i
CO CO 00
00
CO
CO
00
8
eo
^
§
S § i
ass
CO CO CO
to
CO
3
CO
00
S S S o S S o
00 0} OT OD 0} 00 A
§§i
GO
to
eo
3
m
O
A A A A A A A
A A
A
«o
A
A
A
A
OS S
a
A
A
A
A
A
A
o c« o xa ^ A
°S S S SS SS i
A A
00
A
<o
A
3
A
«— t
A
O
A
§
A 09 00 00 00 00 0« CO 09 A 00 Otf vf
o% I! 3 S S 9 S
Q3 93 CO CO 09 v3 v9
o> fr> O A e« Q
l-« »-l I-« I— I l-< ^
A
A
A
A
§ I i
°s
c?
s
A
A
A
" ^ i § S I s
A A A A A A A
AAAAAAAAAAA
A
A
A
g
A
*"^ ^M K^ ^^0 ^>r ^^ ^i^
gS V-* l-l FN 1^4 f-H
A A A A A A
A
O
A
s
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A
5
A
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A
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A
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A
S
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GO
A
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lO
A
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A A
A
A
S
A
A
aO
FN
A
A
i>N
A
A
A A A A A A A
A
AAAAAAAAAA
l§
i §
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ej •— < 1^ i-« i-< •-<
A A A A A A
A
A A
°ll
§
§
S
00
A
FN
A
FN
A
FN »^
A A
A A
A
A
n
Oft
FN
A
fn
A
10
FN
A
A <^
A A
*0pmit«^
O -^ C^ CO '?f W5
^CO CO CO CO CO CO
«Ol^000>O'-»C»C0'^»flC0t^00»O
CO CO CO CO ^ ^ ^ ^ "^ ^ "^ ^ ^ ^ *ft
4*
a
■1
1
1
1;
■CUPH OT JULT SBth. [1861.
sap
B SS
3 SS
: SCS
: 3 e a
IS &s
ise8
oKaE;ssi9999iS38Ea8es3SS
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. qf tt. E<li,.s Sj rfi.* ii TOj 1. ».,u«i >r «., i
44
■ctiPSB or JULY 98th.
[185L
Change in the Interval of one Minute of]
Time.
A'
B*
A
B
c
h. m.
15
9488
—1382
—1382
158.13
23.02
30
88
84
83
.14
.06
45
89
86
85
.14
.08
1
89
88
87
.15
.11
15
89
90
88
.15
.14
30
90
91
89
.16
.16
45
90
93
90
.16
.19
2
90
94
92
.16
.21
15
90
96
93
.17
.24
30
90
97
94
.17
.26
45
90
1399
95
.17
.28
3
90
1400
96
.16
.31
15
89
02
97
.16
.33
30
89
03
1399
.15
.36
45
89
05
1400
.15
.39
4
88
07
02
.14
.41
15
88
08
03
.13
.43
30
87
10
05
.12
.46
4 45
87
11
07
.11
•48
These tables are adapted to computation by the following modification
of Bessers formulse, which was suggested by T. Henry Saffbrd, Jir.
d = the latitude of the place.
A=its eastern longitude from Greenwich,
log. e= 8.91 10835
log. (l—e») = 9.9971066
sin.V'sesin. 6
h=8ec. v COS. 6
k=(l — e*) sec. xp sin. &
hz=B—Ek-\'Hh cos. (« + X)
c^—C-^Fk—GhcoB. Ot-f X)
m=:^ (be)
If the instant for computation were correctly chosen at the time of begin-
ning or end of the eclipse, m would be exactly equal to a. If m is not
equal to a, the instant for a new computation, and which will be an ap-
proximation to the actual time of beginning, may be found by adding to
the preceding time of computation an interval t, which may be obtained in
seconds by the formulse
log. /J =1.86167 •
log. H^= 1.3757
tan.iV==s=?
a* =A* — fi* k COS. (^+A)
i' = B' + £PAsin.Ot+i)
. _ 1000000 (fw—g)
o' — bf cot. '^
1851.]
xcLipn or JULY 28th.
46
and if ^is taken of the same sign with a, it is a sufficiently near approxima-
tion to the angle of contact from the north towards the east. The magnitude
of the eclipse is found by taking the difference (with regard to the signs) of
%f/ at the beginning and end of the eclipse^ and if this difference is denoted
by 2 (p, the magnitude of the eclipse is
24.5 sin. 'i 9) or 24.5 cos. *k 9
accordingly as 9 is acute or obtuse.
The value of 9 may also be obtained by the fonnulaB
tan.r=^
^ of
and the expression oft may be changed to
«== 1000000 . ^zif*. £2LiLi!lLi:.
of sin. f
The elements of the sun for this table were derived from Bessers tables,
those of the moon from D£moiseau*s tables corrected by Airy for Plana*s
theory, and with the additional corrections given by Hansen*s new terms
and by Airy's comparison with the Greenwich Observations. *
The following is an example under these tables for the computation of
the beginning of the eclipse for the Washington Observatory.
6 s= lat. 38P 51' 39".25
sin. 6
sin. \p
sec. \p
k
h
fi>r Oh. 29m. dOs.
9.7978800
8.7069635
.0005692
9.7955558
9.8917198
f<
5P 49' 34".6
long. —77 3 39.6
it+jl 288 45 55.0
sin. (ft+X) 9.9762786n
COS. 0*+l) 9.5074408
Asin. (u+Jl) 9.8679984n
hcos.(u+X) 9.3991600
G 9.5202146
H 9.5086517
Gh COS. (ii+i)8.9193746
mcos.(a4.2) 8.9078117
E 9.9761435
jF 9.9747596
Ek 9.7716993
Fk 9.7703154
B
Ek
HhcoB,(u+X)
h
C
Fk
Gh COS. (fi+X)
c
h
e
m
tan. i xt
h
Asln. (ju-f-il) —
a —
m —
. (m — a)10«
fl' h COS. 0*+^)
IT h Bm.tji^-X) '
Jif=s 158.14
af == 139.86
V^rs 322^7'
af — ft' COS. Y'Ks:
f = — 2S.2
1.462041
.591152
.080875
.951764
.394136
.589272
.083057
.112079
9.9785292
9.0495242
9.5140267n
9.5354975n
-1.064186
- .737902
- .326284
- .326608
—324
18.28 1.2609
-17.53 1.2437n
B'= 23.06
ft' = 5.53
ft COS. tz/ss— 4.30
144.16
Greenwich time of beginnings Oh. 29m. 27.88.
Washington >< « s=7 21 13.2
46
OCCULTATIOIIS.
[1851.
OCCULTATIONS.
Elements for fadUtaJting the Calculation of OccultoHons which may be
visibU in the United States in 1851.
Day of
the
Month.
Star's
Name.
•
1
Washington
Observatory,
Mean Time
of ap. Conj. in
R. A. of Moon
and Star.
At the Time of Conjunction.
Limiting
Parallels
between
which the
Occult, is
visible.
Apparent
of Moon
and Star.
Apparent
DecJmation
of Star.
Star
South of
Moon.
h. m. 8.
h. m. 8.
o t tt
/ //
o o
Jan. 12
R. ▲. c. 845
4
1 8 IIM.
3 86 68.80
9 38 48.7N.
19 188.
67N.168.
13
y^
S.4
7 8 44A.
4 11 19J»
16 15 41.6
66 41
90 43N.
14
« ?1
1
3 45 33M.
4 37 33.76
16 13 13.7
61 3
90 86
15
68 Orionis
6
5 9 86A.
, 6 8 13.55
19 48 65.5
36 63
83 15
15
I'H
4
11 88 11
6 30 7.47
30 17 67.4
31 38
60 3
17
a^SS
6
648 35
8 14 50.34
\6 48 19.6
89 63
87 14
17
^So
5.6
9 60 10
S8 6.19
86 83.5
86 86.
80 10
18
bs
4.5
3 47 86M.
86 18.16
4147.4
1 58
38 238.
19
V^Sl
6
1 89 41
9 85 87.09
14 41 55.8
68 81
90 40N.
26
49^
6.6
1 80 11
15 51 56.93
16 5 17.58.
51 44
74 17
Feb. 5
^ay
5
8 31 4U.
33 10 8.00
60 64.4S.
59 37S.
80N.39N.
8
|«Ceti
4
80 50M.
3 30 18.87
7 47 13.7N.
37 10
85 3
11
X^ Orionis
6
8 66 14A.
5 46 7-89
19 43 60.0
38 89
63 3
12
^ Orionis
5
33 34M.
54 88.63
41 8.3
36 6
83 14
12
V* Orionis
5
83 47
55 4.66
30 8 4.5
940
46 108.'
13
iu
4
1 66
6 55 16.70
30 46 66.6
1 83
38 14
17
bn
5.6
8 81 37A.
11 63 19.63
4 39 0.5
47 6
90 tN.
21
f9£V
5
3 60 88M.
14 48 41.47
10 48 18.9S.
10
88 868.
22
V^
AJi
83 61
15 85 41.84
16 11 88.7
66 87
76 33N.
Mar.U
vn
4
6 66 65A.
6 30 6.93
30 17 66.3N.
80 17S.
73N.11N.
13
3^3
5.6
783 83
8 38 6.16
18 35 33.4
43 30
90 16
14
aso
4.5
40 8M.
8 86 18.30
41 48.3
7 9
44 178.
21
y—
4.5
536 ff7
15 37 13.39
14 17 19.78.
36 19
68 13
22
X Ophiuchi
4.5
433 34
16 18 34.06
18 6 44.3
66 88
73 88N.
24
ft' t
4
4 355
18 4 60.90
31 6 80.4
33 39
44 138.
25
ot
4.5
8 15 86
55 44.88
'67 18.8
65 55
68 36N.
Apr. 3
B. ▲. c. 845
4
8 86 48 A.
3 86 63.36
9 38 49.7N.
87 68.
86N. 3N.
• 7
68 Orionis
6
6 340
6 8 11.44
19 48 66.8
60 7
90 43
8
vU-
4
1 4 IM.
30 6.43
30 17 68.6
44 80
90 35
13
bm
5.6
5 60 14A.
11 53 19^
4 38 69.5
47 45
90 7
17
V^
4.5
7 81 6
16 86 48.33
15 11 88.18.
85 8
68 48.
17
e^
4.5
11 48 5
45 33.15
16 17 15.6
63 36
74 38N.
May 4
X^ Orionis
5
8 6 85A.
6 55 8.36
30 8 4.9N.
45 353.
gON.34N.
5
CU
4
848 83
6 55 15.43
46 68.7
87 47
88 30
12
80'njJ
6
835 80
18 37 47.69
4 88 18.5S.
48 54
85 8
1851.]
0OCULTATI0N8.
47
T\ ^
4
3
1
Washington
Observatory,
Mean Time
of ap. Conj. in
R. A. of Moon
and Star.
At the Time of Conjunction.
Limiting
Parallels
between
which the
Occult, is
visible.
Day of
the
Month.
Star's
Name.
1
Apparent
of Moon
and Star.
Apparent
Declination
of Star.
Star
South of
Moon.
h. m. 8. '
h. m. 8.
O / //
/ //
o o
May 15
y£h
4.5
1 28 14M.
15 37 13.35
14 17 31.78.
13 398.
43N. 368.
15
^^
4.5
5 11 33
85 43.61
15 11 38.6
80 66
68 B
15
vOphiachi
5
11 45 6A.
16 18 35.27
18 6 46JI
47 87
73 ION.
17
u t
6
9 56 31
18 5 30.33
31 44 47.0
86 9
61 18.
18
ot
4.5
8 330
55 46.07
57 lOii
37 80
46
22
£»Ceti
3.4
35 4M.
31 38 48.89
16 47 56.78.
33 38
68 8
28
4
8 7 13
3 30 13.74
7 47 16.5N.
61 15
90 16N.
June 3
dZo
4.6
7 31 39A.
8 36 12.07
18 41 53.1N.
47 108.
90N. 30N.
15
ot
4JS
4 36 4M.
18 55 46.78
31 67 9JS8.
31 38
38 168.
18
yVJ,
4
456 1
31 31 50.90
17 19 47.6
30 19
63 6
July 8
,£i:
4.5
7 15 44A.
15 35 48.73
15 11 87.SS.
37 498.
73N. 18.
8
tfO:
4.5
11 ff7 53
45 33.74
16 17 16.8
63 4B
74 31N.
11
580phiuchi
5
13 44M.
17 34 83JW
31 86 14.5
66 45
68 43
22
B. A.C.645
4
445 44
3 36 54.18
9 28 57.7N.
37 10
69 88«
24
«98
4.5
833 33
4 15 30.84
17 5 374)
89N.
37 388.
Aug. 4
y^
4.5
8 51 16A.
15 37 13.15
14 17 30.08.
19 358.
31N. 198.
5
n<^
4.5
43 60M.
85 43.46
15 11 37.3
87 39
73 1
5
vOpbittchi
5
7 50 30A.
16 18 36.36
18 6 46.8
60 57
73 16N.
8
ot
4.6
6 13 43A.
18 55 47.31
31 57 9Ji
31 6
88 168.
11
4
7 13 17
31 31 53.05
17 19 43.5
38 41
60 8
11
3A
10 39 33
88 60J»
16 47 48^
31 45
53 15
13
V^^y
5
9 34 16
33 10 11.79
9 59 39.6
33 33
61 14
13
^ ar
5
10 7 SO
11 14.46
10 35 13.8
64 48
80 31N.
18
|»Ceti
4
3 44 5M.
3 30 16.06
7 47 30.1
46 48
90 11
22
X^ Orionis
5
3 31 16M.
5 45 34.31
30 14 84.3
36 16
85 14
Sept. 8
4
1 13 30M.
31 31 53.14
17 19 43.98.
37 98.
68N. 108.
8
3.4
4 41 40
38 51.03
16 47 48.5
30 38
51 17
10
ipfl^
5
3 45 7
33 10 13.10
9 69 38.5
36
64 11
10
ipxr
5
4 18 34
11 14.78
10 35 11.8
57 14
80 34N.
28
^^li:
4.5
7 55 3A.
13 45 31.63
16 17 13.6
43 51
74 8
30
580phiuchi
5
648 44
17 34 31.33
31 86 16.1
45 31
68 9
Oct. 12
B. A. c. 845
4
36 5M.
3 86 36.19
3 39 7.4N.
63 78.
90N. 19N.
14
«^fa
1
4
18 48
4 14 33.38
17 11 33.8
19 51
60 98.
14
^\
1
4.5
51 80
15 33.33
5 44.5
39 33
74
14
S3g
3
1 39 48
16 56.08
85 4.3
454
43 388.
27
f Ophiucbi
4.5
7 31 96A.
17 13 5.35
30 66 47.53.
85 49
63 8
Not. 3
iP«'
5
4 36 68A.
33 10 11.90
9 69 31.18.
10 318.
46N. 378.
3
^«^
5
5 31
11 14.39
10 35 14.5
41 53
70 5N.
7
^Ceti
^
10 33 44
3 30 17.49
7 47 35.4N.
66 30
90 87
8
B. A. C. 845| 4
6 54 33M.
36 56JM)
9 39 7.7
54 34
90 31
48
KCLIPSKS or THS SATKLLITIS OF JUPITER.
[1861.
Day of
the
Month.
1
Washington
Observatory,
Mean Time
ofap. Com. in
R. A. of Moon
and Star.
At the Time of Conjunction.
Limiting
Parallels
between
which the
Occult, is
visible.
Star's
NamA.
Apparent
of Moon
and Star.
Apparent
Dechnation
of Star.
Star
South of
Moon.
h. m. 8.
h. m. 8.
o / u
/ //
o
Nov.lO
d^l
1
1
4
6 lA 96M.
4 14 38.84
17 11 34.6N.
38 38.
71N. 18.
10
a«h
1
1
4^
6 47 49
16 88.79
6 46.1
87 48
90 81N.
10
«3;j
b
7 35 89
16 65.61
85 6J)
18 18
63 158.
10
B.A.c. 1468
6
4 64 17A.
87 38. 1
18S7 41Ui
37 63
71
10
^=^
6^
7 13 7
43 43.73
84 64.8
86 43
86 8N.
25
yl f
A
7 10 68
18 46 11. 6
33 66 17.7S.
83 49
63 58.
25
l^t
A
7 84 81
46 17.34
61 0.7
38 34
46 10
Dec. 1
^!»
A
0a0 47M.
33 11 14.37
10 35 16.78.
38 108.
67N. 108.
1
30X
4.6
11 43 S9A.
64 31.31
6 60 30.0
58 37
83 34N.
2
33 X
A
1 83 58M.
67 44.57
6 33 16.8
60 80
83 37
8
B.A.c. 1468
6
15 44
4 87 38.41
18 37 41.6N.
39 30
73 1
8
a
3.4
10 86 7A.
5 38 48.15
31 3 46.9
3 13
41 308.
10
an
8.4
A 6 8
7 11 10.67
33 14 67.4
660
46 10
10
63 n
6
8 18 33
18 66.88
31 44 88^
83 16
80 14N.
13 37 SL 1
6
643 33
10 8 48. 1
14 37 53.9
41 33
90 7
ECLIPSES OF THE SATELLITES OF JUPITER IN 1851,
Visihle in the United States, Mean Time, Washington Observatory.
Date.
Mean Time.
Phase.
Sat;
Date.
Mean Time.
Phase.
Sat
d.
h. ra. s.
d.
h. m. 8.
January 4
4 43 47.6M.
Im.
3
February 18
10 56 38.7A.
Im
2
« 4
7 23 19.5
Em.
8
21
6 40 21.7M.
1
6
6 23 37.6
Im.
1
23
8 39.8
]
7
7 35 59.6
2
26
1 30 43.1
2
7
11 61 55.9A.
1
28
7 33 46.9
I
11
8 41 9.8M.
3
13
7 16 68.8
1
March 2
2 2 6.1M.
Im.
1
16
1 46 16.5
1
3
8 30 29.5A.
1
17
11 26 42.2A.
2
5
4 5 1.4M.
2
20
9 10 I8.5M.
1
9
3 65 36.0
1
22
3 33 36.2
1
9
6 54 34.3A.
Em.
3
25
1 58 59.5
2
10
10 24 0.3
Im.
1
29
6 31 66.3
1
12
6 39 34.3M.
2
31
18.6
1
15
16
7 57 12.0A.
5 49 10.2M.
?•
-February 1
4 32 25.5M.
Im.
2
16
8 21 8.8A.
3
I
11 10 49. 6A.
Em.
3
18
17 36.7M.
1
B
7 25 14.7M.
Im.
1
19
6 45 68.4A.
1
7
1 63 38.2
1
22
10 32 10.3
2
8
7 6 1.5
2
24
19 47.4M.
3
9
32 29.8
3
25
2 11 15.9
1
9
3 7 31.8
Em.
3
26
8 39 40.2A.
1
14
3 46 59.0
Im.
1
30
'1 7 24.7M.
2
15
10 15 16.2A.
1
31
4 17 64.1
3
16
4 30 3.2M.
3
16
7 4 11.4
Em.
3
April 1
4 5 1.9M.
Im.
1
1851.]
DISKS OF ynfOS AHO MAR8.
49
Date.
Mean Time.
Phase
Sat.
Date.
Mean Time.
Phase
.Sat.
d.
h. m. 8.
d.
h. m. 9.
April 2
10 33 27.6A.
Im.
1
June 19
9 38 63.1A.
Em.
1
4
5 1 53.0
1
19
9 44 37.3
2
6
3 42 55. IM.
2
26
11 33 27.9
1
9
7 37 33.0A.
Em.
2
27
21 57.5M.
2
10
2 36 25.9M.
1
23
6 2 7.3A.
1
11
9 4 46.1 A.
1
16
10 13 22.9
2
July 6
7 66 43.1A.
Rm.
1
17
4 80 8.4M.
1
12
9 51 19.8
1
18
10 68 4a3A.
1
14
6 56 47.6
2
20
6 27 8.6
1
16
6 17 16.9
3
V 21
6 38 29.9
3
19
11 45 56.6
1
24
49 27.6M.
2
21
6 14 37.5
1
24
6 24 7.6
I
21
9 33 0.5
2
26
52 40.3
1
23
7 69 42.8
Im.
3
27
7 21 9.3
1
23
10 15 20.5
Era.
3
28
10 36 32.7
3
28
8 9 14.2
1
May 1
3 25 46.0M.
Em.
2
August 4
10 3 60.2A.
Em.
1
3
2 46 45.2
1
13
6 27 2.1
1
4
9 15 I7.8A.
1
15
6 42 0.4
2
6 9 59.8M.
Im.
3
22
9 18 42.1
2
6
2 34 29.8
Em.
3
27
10 16 7.0
I
10
4 40 57.6
1
23
6 7 39.5
3
11
7 21 7.5A.
2
11
11 9 30.6
1
September 4
7 54 25.9A.
Im.
3
13
4 9 21. 9M.
Im.
3
5
6 39 14.0
Em.
1
13
5 38 4.6A.
Km-
1
12
8 28 40.7
1
18
9 57 56.3
2
16
6 25 69.8
2
19
3 3 48.6M.
1
23
9 1 47.2
2
20
7 32 23.5A.
1
28
6 50 58.3
1
26
34 56.4M.
2
26
2 68 10.9
1
November 3
4 94 14.0M.
Im,
2
27
9 26 46.6A.
1
30
6 58 6.8
2
■
Juno 3
6 26 49.4A.
Em.
3
December 3
4 18 13.7M.
Im.
1
3
11 21 13.4
1
7
9 31 48.0
2
6
5 49 49.6
1
10
6 11 59.6
1
10
8 4 29.4
Im.
3
14
6 35 45.5
Em.
3
10
10 24 50.8
Em.
3
17
8 6 42.3
Im.
1
11
1 16 43. IM.
1
21
7 30 17.7
3
12
7 7 19.4 A.
2
25
3 56 15.1
2
12
7 44 20.2
1
26
4 27 44 4
1
18
3 54.7M.
Ira.
3
31
18 23 22.7A.
Im.
2
18
2 23 27.4
Em.
3
A Taklt showing tAe Illuminated Portions qf the Disks of Venus and Mars,
Ths Dumbera in this table are the versed sines of that portion of the
disks which, to an observer on the Earth, will appear to be iliuminat-
edy the apparent diameters of the planets at the time being considered as
unity.
To a spectator on the Earth, Venus appears most brilliant when her elon-
gation is about 40^, and she is approaching her inferior conjunction, or re-
ceding from it ; in the latter of which positions she will be on the 21st of
January. Mars is most brilliant about the tim^ of his opposition to the Sun,
5
60
RINGS or SATURN.
[1861.
being then also nearest the Earth ; in which positioii he will not be this
year.
1851.
Venus.
Mars.
1851.
Venus.
Mars.
January 15
February 14
March 15
April 15
May 15
June 15
0.208
0.436
0.563
0.703
0.795
0.875
0.994
0.985
0.974
0.959
0.944
0.928
July 15
August 15
September' 15
October 15
November 15
December 15
0.934
0.977
0.998
0.998
0.960
0.949
0/J12
0.897
0.885
0.882
0.897
0.940
Position and Magnitude of the Rings of Saturn^ according to Bessel and
StruvCffor every Fortieth Day in the Year^ at 7 hours in the Morning.
Mean Time at Washington
a.
<
h.
P-
/.
V.
7h. M.
1851, January
1
40?70
-7.08
+S36!7
-10 l'.l
— l"^ 34!o
February
10
38.11
7.40
2 21.8
11 11.4
13 7.8
March
22
36.63
8.28
1 53.4
13 37
13 41.2
May
1
36.52
9.48
1 18.8
15 2.9
14 14.3
June
10
37.77
10.83
45.9
1640.2
14 47.1
July
20
40.17
12.14
23.5
17 35J2
15 19.6
August
29
43.11
13.04
19.0
17 36.1
1551.5
October
8
45.20
13.05
34.2
16 46.8
16 22.9
November
17
44.96
12.16
66.7
15 41.9
16 540
December
27
42.55
11.19
84
15 15.3
17 24.5
u
31
42.25
11.13
8.7
15 16.3
17 27.5
a denotes the outer semi-transverse axis of the outer ring.
h *< '* outer semi-conjugate axis of the outer ring, positive when the
northern surface is visible, negative when the southern.
" inclination of the northern semi-conjugate axes of the rings
to the circle of declination; 4" when East, — when West.
'' angle of elevation of the Earth above the plane of the rings,
as seen from Saturn ; -^ when North, — when South.
** angle of elevation of the Sun above the plane of the rings, as
seen from Saturn ; -f" when North, — when South.
The inner semi-transjrerse axis of the inner ring is two thirds of a, di-
minished by 0".07. The inner semi-conjugate axis of the inner ring is tico
thirds of b.
The Opposition will take place on the 24th of October.
I
I'
cc
((
(C
1851]
TABLB or ULTITUDB AMD LONGITITDI.
51
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE OF THE PRINCIPAL PLACES
IN THE UNITED STATES, etc.,
WITH THEIR DI8TAVCE8 FROM WaSHUTOTOV.
[The Longitudes are reckoned iiom Greenwich.]
The Capitals {Seats of Government) of the States and Territories are design
noted by Italic Letters, .
Place.
Albany (Capitol), . . N. T.
Alexandria, .... Va.
Amherst (College Chapel), Mass.
AmnapoUs (Naval Academy), Md.
Auburn, . . . • N. Y.
Augusta, .... Ga.
Augusta (State-House), . Me.
Baker's Island (Lights), . Mass.
Baltimore (Battle Monument), Md.
Bangor (Court-House), . • Me.
Barnstable (New C. H.), . Mass.
Batavia, . . . . N. Y.
Beaufort (Arsenal), . . S. C.
Boston (State-House), . . Mass.
Do. (Light), .
Bridgeport (Baptist Ch.), . Conn.
Bristol (Episcopal Ch.), . R. I.
Brooklyn (Navy Yard), . . N. Y.
Brunsvvick (College), • Me.
Buffalo, N. Y.
Burlington, •• . . N. J.
Burlin^on, .... Vt.
Cambridge (Observatory), • Mass.
Camden, . • . , S. C.
Canandaigua, . . . N. Y.
Cape Ann (North Light), • Mass.
Do. (South Light), .
Cape Cod (Light-House), . Mass.
Castine, .... Me.
Charleston (St. Mich.'s Ch.), S. C.
Charlestown (Navy Yard), Mass.
Chicago, . . . .111.
Cmcinnati (Fort Wash'n), Ohio.
Cobimbia^ • . . . S. C.
Columbus^ .... Ohio.
Concord (State-House), . . N. H.
Dayton, .... Ohio.
Dedham (1st Cong. Ch.), . Mass.
Detroit, .... Mich.
Dorchester (Ast. Observ.), . Mass.
Dover, .... Del.
38 49
42 2215.672 31284 50 6
Latitude,
North.
»
Longitude, West,
indegreee. in time.
7^44 494 54 59.3
77 4
38 58 50.1
42 55
33 28
44 18 43
42 3212
3917 23
44 47 50
4142 6
42 59
32 25 57
42 21 22.7
42 19 41.1
4110 30
4140 3
40 4150
4353
42 53
40 510
44 27
42 22 48.671
34 17
42 54
42 38 21
42 3813
42 223
44 22 30
32 46 33
42 22
42
39 554
33 57
39 57
4312 29
39 44
42 14 57
42 24
42 19 10
3910
5 816
Diet, fr,
Wash.
76 29 265 57 7
76 28 5 5 52
81 54 5^ 36
69 50 4 39 20
7047 284 4310
76 37 305 6 30
68 47 4 35 8
70 18 344 4114.3
78 13 5 12 52
80 41235 22 45.6
71 4 94 4416.6
70 53 434 43 33.9
7311464 5247
7117194 45 9.31
73 59 304 55 58
69 55 14 39 40.1
78 55 5 15 40
74 52 374 59 30.5
73 10 4 52 40
8 04 44 32
80 33 5 22 12
77 17 5 9 8
70 34 484 4219.2
70 34 484 42 19.2
70 3 554 4016
68 45 4 35
79 57 27519 49.8
71 3 334 4414.2
8735 550 2
84 27 5 37 48
81 7 5 24 28
83 3 5 3212
7129 44556
84 11 5 36 44
7110 594 44 44
82 58 5 31 52
71 4 194 4417.3
75 30 15 2
[lies.
376
6
383
37
339
580
595
452
38
661
466
370
629
432
284
409
227
568
376
156
440
431
467
336
470
507
544
433
763
497
500
396
474
422
526
432
114
68
TABLE OP LATITUOI AND IiOMOITUOB.
[1861.
Place.
Dover, ....
Easton (Court-Honse),
Eastport,
Edenton, • . •
Exeter, . • • •
Frarikfort^ . . •
Frederick, . . •
Fredericksburg, .
Frederickton^ . •
Georgetown,
Gloucester (Univ. Ch.),
Do. (E. Point Liffht
Do. (Ten Pound Isl
Greenfield ^ Cong. Ch.),
Hacerstown, .
Halifax, . . .
Hallowell,
Harrisbur^^
Hartford (State-House),
Holmes's Hole (Windmill)
Hudson,
Hudson ^Reserve Coll.),
Huntsville, . . ,
Indianapolis^
Ipswich (Eastern Light),
Do. (Western Light),
Jackson,.
j^fftTSon, ...
B^y West (S. W. Pt.), .
Kingston, .
Knoxville,
Lancaster, .
Lexington, . • •
LdttleKock,
Lockport,
Louisville, .
Lowell (St. Ann's Ch.),
Lynchburg,
Lynn Church,
Machias Bay,^
Marblehead, .
Do. (Light), ,
Middletown (W. Univ.),
MUUdgemUsy
Milwaukie,
Mobile,
Monomoy Point Light, .
^toTitpdieT, ...
Montreal,
Nantucket (South Tower),
NaskciUe (University), .
Li
N.H.
Md.
Me.
N. C.
N.H.
M^'.
Va.
N.B.
B.C.
Mass.
Mass.
Md.
N.S.
Me.
Pa.
Conn.
Mass.
N.Y.
Ohio.
Ala.
Ind.
Mass.
Miss.
Mo.
Fa.
C. W.
Tenn.
Pa.
Ky.
Ark.
N.Y.
Ky.
Mass.
Va.
Mass.
Me.
Mass.
Conn.
Ga.
Wise.,
Ala.
Mass.
Vt.
C. E.
Mass.
Tenn.
Latitude,
North.
4^1^
38 46
44 54
39
42 58
3814
39 24
38 34
46 3
33 21
42 36
42 34
42 36
42 35
39 37
44 39
44 17
4016
4145
4127
4214
4114
34 36
39 55
42 41
42 41
32 23
38 36
24 32
44 8
35 59
40 2
38 6
34 40
4311
38 3
42 38
37 36
4227
44 33
42 30
42 30
4133
33 7
43 3
30 41
4133
44 17
45 31
41 16
36 9
10
44
49^70 4011
4
16
20
59
15
42
8
8
36
46
51
24
14
8
20
45
48
35
56
33
Longitude, West,
indegrees. in time.
7^54
76 8
66 56
77 7
70 55
84 40
7718
77 38
66 45
7917
70 40
40
70 40
72 36
77 35
63 36
69 50
76 50
72 40
70 36
73 46
8124
86 57
86 5
70 46
70 46
90 8
92 8
8147
76 40
83 54
76 20
84 18
9212
78 46
85 30
7119
79 22
70 57
67 22
70 51
70 50
72 39
8319
87 57
87 59
69 59
72 36
73 35
70 6
86 49
u
4
517
194 42
442
30
5
335
5
6
Dist. tt.
Wash.
h. m.
4 43
5 4
27
28
43
38
9
10
27
174 42
32450
510
404 14
439
5 7
454 50
384 42
455
54525
5 47
544
174 43
344 43
6
6 8
527
15 6
35
5
37
8
515
542
24 45
517
254 43
429
244 43
394 43
450
45533
8.
36
32
44
28
40
40
12
32
8
4]^
408
41.1
261
20
26.7
30
20
43
26.5
4
39.6
48
20
5
6.3
32
32
10
40
36
22Jd
12
48
4
16
28
50
28
25.6
22.6
36
19.0
56
24
20
24.8
35 4716.2
5 51
564 40
450
454
124 40
TSfilST
490
80
778
284
474
551
43
66
482
462
466
463
396
68
936
593
110
335
457
345
726
573
462
1035
980
456
516
109
534
1068
403
590
439
198
441
450
448
325
642
700
1033
500
524
601
490
714
1861.]
TABVB or LATITUBB AND LOIIGITVDC.
68
Flaca.
Natchez (Fort Panmure),
Newark, ....
New Bedford (Mariner's Ch.),
Newbem, ....
Newbarg, . • • - •
Newburyport (2d Presb. Ch.),
Do. (Light), .
Newcastle, ....
Jfew Haven (College), . «
New London, .
JVeto Orleans {Citj Hall), .
Newport (Court-House),*
Northampton (1st Cong. Ch.),
Norwich, ....
Pensacola, ....
Petersburg, ....
PhUadelphia (Ind'ce Hall),
Do. (High Sehool Obs.
Pittsburg, ....
Pittsfield (1st Cong. Ch.), .
Plattsburg,
Plymouth (Court-Honse),
Portland (Mount Joy),
Do. (Light^j, .
Portsmoum (Unitarian Ch.),
Do. (Light), .
Poughkeepsie, .
Princeton (Nassau Hall),
Providence (University Hall),
Quebec (Citadel), .
Raleigh^ . • . •
Richmond (Capitol),
Rochester (Rochester House),
Sable (Cape),
Sackett's Harbour,
Saco, .....
St. Augustine, .
St. Louis, ....
Salem (;£. I. M. Hall),
Sandwich (1st Cong. Ch.), .
Savannah JEichange), .
Schenectady, ....
i^nngfield^ ...
Springfield (Court-House), .
Squam Harbour (Light), .
Straitsmouth Island- (Light), .
Stratford, ....
TaUahagsee^ ....
Miss.
N.J.
Mass.
N.C.
N.Y.
Mass.
Del.
C nn.
Conn.
La.
R.L
N.Y.
Mass.
Va.
Mass.
Conn.
Fa.
Va.
Pa.
).
Pa.
Mass.
N.Y.
Mass.
Me.
N.H.
N.Y.
N.J.
R.L
C.E.
N.C.
Va.
N.Y.
Fa.
N.Y.
Me.
Fa.
Mo.
Mass.
Mass.
Oa.
N.Y.
111.
Mass.
Mass.
Mass.
Conn.
Fa.
Latitude,
Noit)L
O I u
3134
40 45
4138 7
35 20
4131
42 48 32
42 48 30
39 40
4118 30
4122
29 57 30
4129
40 42 40
4130 57
36 50 50
4219 9
4133
30 24
3713 54
39 56 59
39 57 9
40 32
42 26 55
44 42
4157 26
43 39 52
43 36
43 4 35
43 3 30
4141
40 20 41
4149 22
46 49 12
35 47
37 3217
43 817
24 50
43 55
43 31
29 48 30
38 37 28
42 31 18
41 45 31
32 456
42 48
39 48
42 6 4
42 39 46
42 39 41
4111 7
30 28
Longitude, West,
indegrees. in Urns.
o I
9124
7410
70 55
77 5
74 1
70 52
70 49
75 33
72 56
72 9
90
7119
74 1
70 39
7618
72 38
72 7
8710
77 20
75 9
7510
80 2
7315
73 26
70 40
7013
7012
70 45
70 43
73 55
74 39
7124
7116
78 48
77 27
77 51
8115
75 57
70 26
8135
9015
70 53
70 30
81 8
73 55
89 33
72 35
70 41
70 35
73 8
84 36
11 b. m.
426 5
456
494 43
5 8
456
474 43
64 42
5 2
454 51
448
6
12445
84 56
37442
475 5
154 50
4 48
125 48
5 9
545
375
520
364 53
4 53
194 42
344 40
124 40
504 43
4 42
455
304 58
484 45
4 45
515
285 9
511
525
5 3
4 41
526
166 1
534 43
134 42
185 24
455
558
45450
84 42
36*4 42
454 52
538
Milea.
38.81146
40
43.31
20
4
31.1
18.0
8
47
36
16-8
4S
38^
15.1
33^
28
40^
20
39.6
42.5
8
2.^
44
41.3
54.2
49
3.31
52
40
38
39.^
4
12
49.9
24
48
44
20
0.7
35.5
0.8
33.2
40
12
23
44.5
22.4
35
24
Dist. fr.
Waah.
215
429
337
282
466
469
103
301
354
1203
403
226
450
217
376
362
1050
144
136
223
380
539
439
542
491
301
177
394
781
286
122
361
407
528
841
856
446
456
662
391
801
357
466
471
287
896
54
TABU or LATITUDE AND LONOZTVDI.
[1861.
Place.
Taunton (Trin. Cong. Ch.), Mass.
Toronto or York (Observ.), , C. W.
Trenton, . . . . N. J.
Troy, N. Y.
Tuscaloosa, . . • Ala.
University of Virginia, . . Va.
Utica rputch Church), . N. Y.
Vandaiia, .... 111.
Vevay, .... Ind.
Vincennes, .... Ind.
Washiivoton (Capitol), . D. C.
Washington, ...» Miss.
West Point (Military Academy),N. Y.
Wheeling, .... Va.
Williamstown (Cong. Ch.), Mass.
Wilmington, . . . Del.
Wilmington, . . . • N. C.
Worcester (Ant. Hall), . Mass.
York, ..... Me.
York, Pa.
Yorktown, .... Va.
Latitude,
North.
4154
43 39
4014
42 44
3312
38 2
143 6
38 50
38 46
38 43
38 53
3136
4123
40 7
42 42
39 41
3411
4216
4310
39 58
3713
ll
35
3
49
34
31.2
49
17
Longitude, West,
indegrees. in time.
7i
79
74
73
87
78
75
89
84
87
77
91
73
80
73
75
78
71
70
76
76
21305
46 304
40
42
31295
13
2
59
25
1305
20
57 3114
42
131014
28
10
48134
40
40
34
m. s.
44 23.6
17 26
58 36
54 40
50 48
14 5.9
52
56 8
39 56
49 40
8 6
520
55 501
22 48.
52 526
152
12 40
47 1331
42 40
6 40
616
Dist. fir.
Wash.
Miles.
415
500
166
383
858
124
383
781
556
693
1146
264
406
108
416
394
500
87
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE OF THE PRINCIPAL FOREIGN
OBSERVATORIES.
[The Longitudes are from Greenwich.]
Observatoriefl.
Latitude.
Longitude in Time.
Altona, .
Armagh, . «
Berlin, .
Brussels, r
Cambridge, .
Cape of Good Hope, .
Dorpat, .
Dublin,
Edinburgh, «
Gottingen, .
Greenwich, •
Konigsberg,
Munich, . .
Paris,. . . ,
Petersburg, , .
Rome, • . 4
Turin, •
Vienna, . . •
^3 3^ 4 N,
54 21 12.7 N.
52 31 13.5 N.
60 51 10.7 N.
52 12 51.8 N.
33 56 3 S.
58 22 47 N.
53 23 13 N.
55 57 23.2 N.
51 31 48 N.
51 28 39.0 N.
54 4250 N.
48 8 45 N.
48 50 13 N.
59 56 31 N.
41 53 52 N.
45 4 6 N.
48 12 35 N.
h. m. B.
39 46.6 E.
26 35.5 W.
53 35.5 E.
017 29.0 E.
23.5 E.
1 13 55.0 E.
1 46 55 E.
25 22 W.
12 43.6 W.
39 46.5 E.
0.0
122 0.5 E.
46 26.5 E.
9 21.5 E.
2 115.8 E.
49 54.7 E.
30 48.4 E.
1 5 31.9 E.
1851.]
TABLE or LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE.
55
jSdditumal Latitudes and LongUudeSy determined ckie/ly fty Officers qf the V. S,
Topographical Engineers,
Longitude West from
Date of
Names of Places.
Latitude.
Greenwich,
determ-
Authority.
in degrees.
in time.
ination.
Acapalco,
16^ l'^
1S2 b'Jk
h. m. s.
6 48 38
*
Humboldt.
Agaa Naera, Mexico,
36 11 43.6
1847
Hughes.
Bellevue, Am. Fur Co.'s trading post,
right bank of Missouri River,
41 8 24
95 47 46
6 23 11
1832
Fremont.
Bent's Fort,
38 263
52 4
1846
Emory.
Brazos Santiago,
26 6
97 12
.1846
Hughes.
Gaoadian River, Head-waters of,
37 1 33
104 37 32
1845
Lieut. Abert.
Cape Island, Lake of tlie Woods,
Cedar Kevs, Depot Island,
Corpus Cbristi, Texas,
Dalles of the Columbia, Miss. Station,
49 36 42
1^
S. H. Long.
29 7 27
82 66 12
27 47 17.8
97 27 2.6
1846
Capt. Cram.
Fremont.
46 36 66
120 65
1843
Falls of Sr. Anthony, U. S. Gottagei
44 68 40
93 10 30
6 12 42
Nicollet.
Falls of the St. Croix,
45 30 10
9240
6 10 40
<i
False Washiu, Head-waters of,
36 25 41
101 5
1845
Lieut. Abert.
Fort Boisfo, Oregon,
Fort Brady, MicL,
43 49 22
116 47 3
1843
Fremont
46 29 55
1823
S. H. Long.
Fort Crawford,
43 3 31
90 62 30
1823
S. H. Long.
Fort Gibson,
3548 4
96 9
1845
Lieut. Abert.
FortHaU,
43 1 80
112 29 64
1843
Fremont.
Fort Laramie,
42 1^ 10
105 21 10
7 1 24.6
1842
Fremont.
Fort Leavenworth, Ijanding,
39 21 14
94 44
6 18 66
1846
Emory.
Fort Mackinac,
46 61
1823
S. H. Long.
Fort Nez Perc6, Oreg<m,
46 3 46
1843
Fremont.
Great Salt Lake, Island in,
41 10 42
112 21 6
1843
(i
High Plateau between waters of the At-
lantic and the Gulf of California,
42 2 3
107 3
1843
ti
Jalapa, Mex.,
19 30 8
99 14 54
6 37
Humboldt.
Kanzas River, Mouth of.
39 6 3
94 32 64
6 18 11.6
1842
Fremont.
La Vaca. Texas,
28 37
1846
Hughes.
S. H. Long.
Missouri River, Mouth of,
38 61 36
90 040
1820
Monclova, Mex.,
26 64
101 39 18
6 46 37.2
1846
Hughes.
Mexico, City of, Mex.,
Monterey, Mex.,
19 26 45
101 25 30
6 45 42
Humboldt.
26 40 13
100 25 36
1846
Hughes.
Monterey, California,
36 36 24
124 12 49
8 16 51
1835
Beechey.
Nebraska or Platte River, Junction of
North and Sooth Forks,
41 5 5
101 21 24
6 46 26.6
1842
Fremont.
Nueva Helvetia, Cal.,
33 34 42
120 nearly.
1843
(<
Parras, Mex.,
26 25
<r
1846
Hughes.
Pass Washington,
36 3 22
108 66
7 15 44
1849
Lt. Simpson.
Perote, Mex.,
19 28 67
99 28 39
6 37 66
Humboldt.
Platte Rtver, Mouth of,
" Junction of N. and a Forks,
41 3 13
I82U
S. H. I..Ong.
41 6 6
101 21 24
6 45 26.6
1842
Fremont.
Popocatapetl,
18 69 47
100 63 15
6 43 33
Prairie du Chien, Am. Fur. Co.'s House,
43 3 6
91 9 19-6
6 4 37.3
Nicollet.
PuebLade los Anglos,
19 15
100 22 46
6 41 31
Humboldt
Racine, Wisconsin,
42 49 33
87 40 22
1841
MaiGraham.
Malesptna.
Remedios, de los, I^rbor,
57 24 16
138 14 6
9 12 66
Skibine River, Texas, entrance of South
or outer extremity of Bar,
29 40 48
93 49 3
1840
Maj.Graham.
Saltillo, Mex.'.
Sain Antonio, Texas,
26 26 22
101 1 45
6 44 7
1847
Hughes.
29 26 30
93 52 30
6 42 48
1846
3
Sao Bias, Arsenal,
21 32 34
107 35 48
7 10 23
1836
Beechey.
San Dieco, Public Square,
3245
117 11
7 48 44
1846
Emory.
Sanu Fi, New Mexico,
36 41 6
106 2 30
7 4 10
1849
Simpson.
Snake River, above American Falls,
42 47 6
112 40 13
1843
Frferaont.
Sui Fnacisco, Spanish Fort,
St. Croix River, Mouth of.
37 48 30
124 48 26
8 19 14
1836
Beechey.
44 46 30
92 45
6 11 6
Nicollet.
St. Joseph,
23 3 13
112 1 8
7 28
Chappe.
Nicollet.
St. Peter's River, Mouth of,
44 62 46
93 4 64
6 12 19.6
4i
St. Vrain's Fort,
40 16 52
105 12 23
1843
Fremont.
Sweet Water River, N. Fork of Platte
River, Mouth of.
42 27 18
107 46 27
7 11 1.8
1842
((
Tampico, Bar,
22 15 30
100 12 16
6 40 49
1817
Ferrer.
Tlamath I^ke,
42 66 51
1843
Fremont.
Trinity Bay, Oregon,
Vara Cruz, Max.,
Victoria, Texas,
40 6 60
1860
Lt.M'Atthur.
19 11 52
98S9
6 33 56
28 46 67
1846
Hughes.
* NicoUet'a detafminaUons were made from 1836 to 1840.
66
BPHIMBBIB OF Tfll SUV*
[1851.
At Apparent Jfoon at Greemeich
•
JANUARY. 1
FEBRUARY. |
D.
1
Semi-diam.
S. D. culm.
1 ^
D.
2
Semi-diam.
Sb D. culm.
1 N
16 17.8
m. 8.
1 11.01
1 n
16 14.7
m. 8.
18.10
3
17.3
10.93
4
14^
7.87
1'
5
17.2
10.81
S3 <^
6
14.1
7.64
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
i7.a
17.1
17.0
16.9
16.8
16.6
16JS
16.8
16.0
10.09
10.66
10.40
10.33
10.06
9.86
0.66
9.46
0.34
^1 f.
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
18.7
18.4
18J)
13^
19.3
11.8
11^
10J»
10.4
7.41
7.19
6.97
6.76
6.66
6.36
6.16
6.96
6.78
M -1
25
15.8
9.03
g 1
26
0J»
6.61
i
27
29
31
16.5
1A.3
15.0
8.79
8.56
8.38
if ^
28
30
9.6
0.0
6.46
6.80
m4
D.
DeclinaUoQ
South-
Equa. of Time
tooe added to
Appar. Time.
Sidereal
Time at
mean noon.
D.
Declination
South.
Equa. of Time
to be added to
Appar. Time.
Sidereal
Time at
metm noon.
O 1 u
m. 8.
h. m. 8.
O 1 If
m. 8.
h. m. 8.
1
33 3 14.8
8 43.96
18 43 9.82
1
17 10 88.1
18 51.88
90 44 23^)6
2
33 67 0.8
4 13.35
18 46 6.37
2
16 63 38.6
18 59.67
30 48 19.63
3
33 51 37.8
4 40.40
18 60 3.93
3
16 36 1.4
14 6.63
90 63 16.17
4
33 46 38.6
6 8.07
18 58 59.49
4
16 18 17.0
14 13.76
30 56 12.73
5
33 39 13.1
6 86.33
18 67 66.05
5
16 15.7
14 18.07
31 9.38
6
33 33 18.8
6 3.13
19 1 62.60
6
16 41 68.0
14 33.54
31 4 6.84
7
33 34 66.8
6 38.44
19 6 49.16
7
15 38 34.3
14 36.19
31 8 3.39
8
33 17 13.3
6 64.35
19 9 45.72
8
16 4 84.9
14 39.01
31 11 66.95
9
S3 69.5
7 19.53
19 18 42J27
9
14 45 30.5
14 31.01
31 15 55.50
10
23 30.7
7 44.23
19 17 38.83
10
14 36 114)
14 83.21
31 19 53.06
11
31 61 16.3
8 8.34
19 21 85.39
11
14 6 37.8
14 83.61
31 33 48.61
12
31 41 46/1
8 81.85
19 35 31.95
12
. 13 46 60.4
14 33.22
31 37 45.16
13
31 31 61.0
8 64.72
19 39 38.50
13
13 36 49.6
14 31.05
31 81 41.73
14
31 31 30.8
16.94
19 38 35.06
14
13 6 35.5
14 29.12
31 86 38.37
15
31 10 46.0
9 38.48
19 37 31.61
.15
13 46 8.8
14 26.44
31 89 34.83
16
30 69 36.9
59.34
19 41 18.17
16
13 35 39.9
14 23.03
31 43 81.38
17
30 48 8.8
10 19.61
19 45 14.73
17
13 4 39.0
U 18.90
31 47 37.93
18
30 36 7.0
10 38.98
19 49 11.28
18
11 48 36.7
14 14.08
*31 51 24.49
19
30 33 46.8
10 67.73
19 53 7.84
19
11 33 23.3
14 8.57
31 55 31.04
20
30 11 3.6
11 16.74
19 67 4.40
20
11 69.3
14 2.40
31 69 17.59
21
19 57 67.7
11 38.00
30 1 0.95
21
10 39 34.9
18 55.58
32 8 14.15
22
19 44 29.5
11 49.63
30 4 67.51
22
10 17 40.6
18 48.18
22 7 10.70
23
19 30 39.3
13 6.31
30 8 54.06
23
9 65 46.8
18 40.07
33 11 7.35
24
19 16 S7U)
13 30.31
30 13 60.63
24
9 33 44.0
18 31.40
22 15 3.81
25
19 1 64.1
13 34.58
20 16 47.18
25
9 11 32.4
18 22.16
22 19 0.36
26
18 47 0.0
13 47.98
30 30 43.73
26
8 49 12.5
18 13.35
33 22 66.91
27
18 31 45.4
13 0.64
30 34 40.29
27
8 26 44.7
18 1.98
33 36 63.47
28
18 16 10.6
18 V3LA\
20 38 86.84
28
8 4 9.6
13 61.07
33 80 60 JW
29
18 16U)
18 33.57
20 82 33.40
29
7 4137.3
13 89.64
33 84 46.67
30
17 44 3.3
18 33.83
30 86 39.95
31
17 27 39.4
13 43.26
20 40 36.61
1851.]
CPBEUBRIS OF TRB SUM.
67
At Apparent Jfoon at Greenwich
•
MAftdH.
APRIL.
D.
Semi-diam.
S. D. culm.
1
D.
Semi-diam.
S. D. culm.
i
t M
m. 8.
1 1/
m. 8.
2
16 9.0
1 530
si
1 %
1
16 0.9
1 4.41
^
4
6
8JS
8.0
5.16
533
3
5
0.4
15 693
4.45
430
8
,7.6
433
jii- **
7
69.3
436
a "
10
IJO
431
M a|
9
68.8
433
!•* |l
13
9A
4.73
aS fi-
11
68.3
4.71
^^^ i<
14
A.9
438
ll h
13
67.7
430
|5 h.
16
K.4
436
^ - 1:-
16
673
430
18
4.8
430
B:^ §^
17
66.6
. 531
^S §-
20
22
24
4.3
8.7
4.45
443
439
•at* .H .-1
19
21
23
66.1
563
66.1
5.13
534
537
ill
26
3.6
438
5 S
25
54.5
531
6 S
28
3.0
438
g
27
543
535
§
30
IJi
439
^
29
533
530
tf
32
0.9
4.41
31
63.1
5.95
•iH
D.
Declination
South.
Equa. of Time
to be added to
Appar. Time.
Sidereal
Time at
mean noon.
D.
Declination
North.
Eq.ofTi.<o6c
added to Ap.
7YmetiU16th.
Sidereal
Time at
mean noon.
O 1 II
m. 8.
h. m. 8.
O 1 u
m. 8.
h. m. 8.
1
7 41 37.3
13 89.6^
33 84 4637
1
435 353
4 448
86 60.69
2
7 18 38JI
13 37.70
33 88 43.13
2
4 48 38.0
34637
40 66.35
3
6 55 43.1
13 15.37
33 43 39.68
3
5 11 353
8 3837
44 53.80
4
6 33 43.1
13 335
33 46 86.33
4
5 34 33.3
8 10.60
48 49.35
5
6 35.7
1148.96
33 50 83.78
6
5 57 333
3 53.79
63 45.90
6
5 46 34.1
11 85.13
33 64 3933
6
630 83
3 85.34
066 4346
7
5 33 84)
119036
33 68 3530
7
6 43 46.4
3 1736
1 3931
8
4 69 47.7
11 6.17
33 3 33.44
8
7 5 173
3 0.68
1 4 86.56
9
486 33.6
10 51.08
33 6 18.99
9
7 37 413
1 48.71
1 8 83.11
10
4 13 56.1
10 85.63
33 10 1534
10
7 49 673
1 36.96
1 13 38.67
11
8 49 35.5
10 19.79
33 14 13.10
11
8 13 6.3
1 10.49
1 16 35.33
12
835 633
10 3.68
33 18 8.66
12
8 84 6.3
54.37
1 30 31.T7
13
3 3 16.7
9 47.15
38 33 5.30
13
8 55 573
8834
1 34 18.33
14
3 88 39.3
9 80.87
33 36 1.75
14
9 17 403
33.71
1 38 1438
15
3 15 0.3
9 1333
33 39 6830
15
9 89 133
+ 7.43
1 33 11.48
16
1 51 30.0
6 66.03
33 38 5436
16
10 363
— 7.53
1 86 7.99
17
137 88.9
8 38.51
38 87 5141
17
10 31 603
33.13
140 4.54
18
1 8 57 J»
8 30.79
38 41 4736
18
10 43 683
36.33
1 44 KOO
19
40 15.6
8 339
33 45 44.51
19
11 8 463
60.13
1 47 67.66
20
S. 16 34.1
74434
33 49 4137
20
1134 383
1 8.61
1 61 5430
21
N.O 7 74)
7 36.66
38 68 87.63
21
11 44 603
1 1646
1 65 60.76
22
80 473
7 8.39
38 67 84.17
22
13 6 193
1 98.96
1 59 4731
23
054 363
6 60.04
1 80.73
23
13 35 37.0
141.00
3 8 48.86
24
1 18 8.7
6 8133
5 37.37
24
13 45 33.6
1 63.56
3 7 4041
25
141 883
6 18.16
9 3833
25
18 5* 5.7
3 8.63
3 11 36.97
26
3 5 13.5
5 54.89 .
13 30.38
26
13 34 86.1
3 14.30
3 15 33.63
27
3S8 483
5 86.33
17 16.93
27
18 43 63.4
3 34.97
3 19 80.07
28
3 53 11.1
5 17.77
31 18.4B
28
14 3 573
3 8338
3 38 3633
29
8 15 35.5
4 6036
95 1034
29
14 31 473
34337
3 37 33.18
30
388 563
44038
39 6.69
30
14 40 333
3 51.88
3 81 19.74
31
4 3 13.1
43339
83 8.14
31
14 68 443
3 6036
3 85 1639
58
BPHEMBBIS OF THB SUN.
[1851.
At jfyparent Noon at Oreenwieh.
MAV.
JUNE. 1
D.
1
Semi-diam.
S. D. culm.
55 «
b.
2
Semi-diam.
S. D. culm.
•
8
1 u
15 68.1
m. 8.
1 6.96
/ IT
16 47.1
m. 8.
1 8.87
3
5
03.6
6.11
6.37
4
6
46.8
46.6
8.47
8.OT
i 5
•^ 00*
7
• 9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
51.7
A1.8
60.9
60.6
60.1
49.7
49.8
49.0
48.6
48.8
6.43
6.60
6.77
6.93
7.09
. 7.36
7.41
7.66
7.71
7.86
Its Is
& 1'
. 8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
46.4
46.3
46J0
45.8
45.7
45.6
46.4
46.8
46.3
46.1
8.66
8.73
8.78
8.88
8.87
8.89
8.90
8.90
6.88
8.86
03 00'
27
47.9
8.00
U3
28
46.1
8.81
a "
29
31
47.6
47.8
8.18
8.35
30
32
46.1
46.0
8.76
8.68
D.
Declination
North.
Equa. of Time
tooeaiibtr./r.
Appar. JHme.
Sidereal
Time at
mean noon.
D.
Declination
North.
Eq.ofTi.to6c
ntbtr. fr. Ap.
7V«netiill6t1i.
Sidereal
Time at
mean noon.
O 1 II
QL S.
h. m. 8.
O / H
m. 8.
h. m. 8.
1
14 68 44.9
3 69.36
3 86 16.29
1
33 59J»
3 34.88
4 87 39.53
2
16 16 61.7
8 6.81
3 89 13.85
2
33 9 6.3
3 36.33
4 41 26.08
3
16 34 43.4
8 13.73
3 43 0.40
3
33 16 49.7
. 3 16.90
4 45 33.63
4
16 63 19.6
8 30.10
3 47 6.96
4
33 34 9.9
3 6.13
4 49 19.19
5
16 09 40.0
8 35.93
3 61 3.51
6
33 81 6.6
166.99
4 63 16.76
6
16 36 44.4
8 31.31
3 64 69.07
6
33 37 39.6
1 45.66
4 67 13.30
7
16 43 32.
8 35.95
3 68 66.62
7
33 43 48.8
1 34.80
ff 1 a86
8
17 '.
8 40.16
8 3 63.18
8
33 49 34.1
1 23.78
6 6 643
9
17 16 17.«
3 43.79
8 6 48.73
9
33 64 65.8
1 13.60
6 9 1.96
10
17 33 144
8 46.88
8 10 46.39
33 69 63.3
1 0.97
6 13 68.63
11
17 47 63.6
8 49.40
3 14 41.84
11
33 4 35.1
49.31
ff 16 66.09
12
18 3 14.8
3 61.37
3 18 38.40
12
S3 8 33.6
37.34
6 30 61.65
13
18 18 17.9
8 62.77
8 33 34.95
13
33 13 17.4
36.09
6 34 48.21
14
18 33 3.5
8 63.61
8 36 81.61
14
33 16 36.7
12.77
6 38 44.76
15
18 47 38.4
8 63.88
3 30 38.06
15
33 18 31.6
— 0.30
6 33 41.33
16
19 1 86.3
3 53.66
3 34 34.62
16
S3 31 1.7
+TiBa
6 36 37.88
17
19 15 33.9
3 52.71
3 88 31.17
17
33 33 7.3
35.03
6 40 34.44
18
19 38 61.0
8 51.36
8 42 17.73
18
33 34 48.0
37.86
6 44 80.99
19
19 41 69.3
8 49.26
3 46 14.39
19
33 36 4.0
60.76
5 48 37.66
20
19 64 47.7
8 46.66
8 60 10.84
20
33 36 65.3
1 3.60
6 63 34.11
21
30 07 16.8
8 43.63
3 54 7.40
21
33 37 21.8
1 16.67
6 66 30.67
22
30 19 33.3
8 39.83
3 68 3.95
22
33 37 33.6
1 39.66
6 17.33
23
30 31 10.1
3 35.56
4 2 0.51
23
S3 37 0.4
1 42.64
6 4 13.78
24
30 43 36.0
3 30.76
4 5 57.07
24
33 36 13.6
1 65.67
6 8 10.34
25
30 63 40.7
3 35.43
4 9 63.62
25
33 35 0.0
3 8.43
6 13 6.90
26
31 4 33.8
3 19.67-
4 13 50.18
26
33 33 33.7
3 31.30
6 16 3.46
27
31 14 45.3
3 13.31
4 17 46.74
27
33 31 30;7
3 33.86
, 6 30 0.01
28
31 34 44.9
8 6.36
4 31 43.39
28
33 18 64.1
2 46JS1
6 33 66.97
29
31 84 33.3
\ 3 69.03
4 36 39.86
29
33 16 3.9
3 58.71
^ 6 37 63.18
30
3143 87.4
3 61.94
4 39 86.41
30
SB 13 473
8 10.84
•6 81 49.66
31
31 63 39.8
3 43.03
4 88 83.96
31
98 7.3
8 33.76
686 46.94
1851.]
EPBEMfiRIS OF THE SUN.
59
JH Apparent Koon at Greenwich,
/tTLY.
AUGUST. 1
D.
Semi-diam.
S. D. culm.
D.
Semi-diam.
S. D. culm.
i
1 u
m. a.
1 u
m. a.
3
1A46J)
1 8.68
Si
1
16 47.0
1 6.61
S;
4
6
46.1
.46.1
8.60
8.61
«* 00
3
5
47.3
47.6
643
6.36
8
40.1
841
7
47.8
6.09
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
45.3
464)
46.4
45.5
46.6
46.8
46.9
46.1
46.8
8J)0
8.18
8.06
7.91
7.76
7.61
7.45
7.39
7.13
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
48.1
48JS
48.8
49.3
49Wt
49.9
60.3
60.6
61.1
6.93
6.76
6.60
6.44
6.38
6.14
5.00
4.87
4.74
■^ it
28
46.6
6.95
37
51.6
4.63
30
46.7
6.78
4
29
51.9
4.61
32
47.0
6.61
31
534
441
^
D.
Declination
North.
Bqua. of Time
tol)e added to
Appar. Time.
Sidereal
Time at
mean noon.
D.
Declination
North.
Ejua. of Time
to be added to
Appar. Time.
Sidereal
Time at
mean noon.
O 1 N
m. 8.
h. m. 8.
O 1 II
m. a.
h. m. a.
1
33 9 7.3
8 33.76
6 35 46.34
1
18 7 46.5
6 3.S7
8 37 59.49
2
33 5 3.6
8 34.41
6 39 43.80
2
17 53 36.4
6 69.78
8 41 66.05
3
33 34.3
3 46.78
6 43 39.35
3
17 37 9.8
6 56.67
8 45 53.60
4
33 66 41.6
8 66.86
6 47 35.91
4
17 31 36.1
6 50.94
8 49 49.16
5
23 60 34.8
4 7.59
6 61 3347
5
17 6 36.5
6 4^.69
8 63 46.71
6
33 44 44.3
4 17.99
6 55 39.03
6
16 49 8.3
6 39.63
8 57 42.27
7
33 38 40.0
4S8U»
6 69 35.58
7
16 33 34.9
6 33.03
9 1 38.83
8
33 83 13.3
4 37.67
7 3 33.14^
8
16 16 45.6
6 35.64
9 5 35.38
9
33 35 31.1
4 46.91
7 7 18.70
9
16 68 40.5
6 18.05
9 9 31.94
10
33 18 6.7
4 55.73
7 11 15.35
10
16 41 30.1
6 9.68
9 13 28.49
11
33 10 39.3
6 4.13
7 16 11.81
11
16 33 44.6
6 0.73
9 17 36.05
12
33 3 39.0
6 13.09
7 19 8.37
12
16 5 54.4
4 51.19
9 31 21.60
13
31 64 6.0
6 19.59
7 33 4.98
13
14 47 49.7
4 41.11
9 35 18.15
14
31 45 30.6
6 36.63
7 37 1.48
14
14 39 30.8
4 30.48
9 29 14.71
15
31 36 13.6
6 33.17
7 80 66.04
15
14 10 58.0
yA 19.33
9 33 11.36
16
31 96 43.7
6 39.34
7 84 54.60
16
13 53 11.7
4 7.66
9 37 7.83
17
31 16 60.9
6 44.83
7 88 51.15
17
13 33 13.1
3 6547
9 41 4.37
18
31 6 37.4
6 49.90
7 43 47.71
18
13 13 69.5
8 43.78
9 45 0.93
19
90 66 3.6
6 54.46
7 46 44.37
19
13 54 34.3
8 39.63
9 48 57.48
20
30 46 6.3
6 58.51
7 50 40.83
20
13 34 56.6
3 16.00
9 63 64.03
21
90 88 49.1
6 3.03
7 64 37.38
21
13 16 6.8
3 1.91
9 66 60.59
22
30 33 11.3
6 6.01
7 68 33.98
22
11 55 6.4
3 47.37
10 47.14
23
30 10 13.7
6 7.44
8 3 80.49
23
11 34 53.5
3 33.39
10 4 43.69
24
19 67 63.9
6 9.31
8 6 37.05
24
11 14 38.5
3 16.99
10 8 40.35
25
19 46 16.1
6 10.63
8 10 33.60
25
10 53 63.8
9 1.18
10 13 36.80
26
19 83 16.6
6 11.35
8 14 30.16
26
10 33 8.6
144.95
10 16 33.36
27
» 18 66.4
6 11.60
8 18 16.71
27
. 10 13 13.3
1 38.33
10 30 39.91
28
19 6 31.1
6 11.06
8 33 18.37
28
9 61 8J)
1 11JI3
10 34 36.46
29
18 6134.9
6 loun
8 36 9.83
29
9 39 63.8
68.94'
10 38 33.03
30
18 87 104)
6 8.89
8 80 6.38
30
9 8 80.8
36.30
10 83 19.57
81
18 99 86.8
6 6.14
8 84 3.94 1
31
8 46 68U)
18.11
10 86 16.13
60
IPHEMBRIS OF TBI tVfr.
[1851.
At Apparent JVoom at Greenwiek.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER. 1
1).
Semi-diam.
S. D. culm.
55
t).
Semi-diam.
S. D. culm.
1
1 N
m. 8.
1 u
m. 8.
2
16 63.9
^ 1 4.33
S
2
16 J
14.83
as
4
68.4
4.34
i 1
ff5
4
lA
4.43
1 ^.
6
68.8
4.17
6
IJd
4.58
8
64.4
4.11
8
fU
4.66
10
64.9
4un
10
3.9
4.78
12
66.4
4.03
as 1
12
8.6
4.93
j^S 1^^
14
65.9
4.01
a iSs
14
4.0
6.08
^ sSsT
16
18
20
22
66.4
66.9
67.4
67.9
4.00
8.99
4.01
4.08
.Is S^
16
18
20
22
4.6
5.1
6.6
6.3
6.34
5.41
6.59
5.78
24
66.6
4.06
og S
24
6.7
5.98
<=>3 S
26
69.0
4.11
^ i
26
7.3
6.19
^ 1
28
69.6
4.17
S
28
7.7
6.40
S
30
16 0.1
4.34
ji
30
8.8
6.63
32
0.7
4.33
dg
32
8.8
6.85
1
D.
Declination
North.
Squa. of Time
tooesubtr.fr.
Appar. THme.
Sidereal
Time at
mean noon.
D.
Declination
South.
Equa. of Time
tobeatUar.fr.
Appar. THme.
Sidereal
Time at
mean noon.
O « It
m. 8.
h. m. 8.
O / U
m. 8.
h. m. 8.
1
8 35 17.3
0.33
10 40 13.68
1
8 8 31J3
10 11.53
13 38 39.35
2
8 8 38.6
19.06
10 44 9.33
2
8 36 40.3
M) 30.54
13 43 35.80
3
7 41 33.3
38.11
10 48 6.78
3
349 56.8
M) 49.37
13 46 33.86
4
7 19 38.3
57.45
10 63 3.33
4
4 13 10.7
11 7.70
13 50 18.91
5
6 67 17.4
1 17.06
10 55 58.89
5
4 86 31.5
11 35.80
13 54 15.46
6
6 34 60.8
1 36.91
10 50 65.44
6
4 59 38.8
1143.66
13 66 13.01
7
6 13 36.7
1 56.99
11 8 51.99
7
5 33 33.3
13 0.94
18 3 8.57
8
6 50 6.6
3 17.38
11 7 4B.54
8
5 45 31.5
13 17.93
13 6 5.13
9
6 37 39.6
8 37.76
11 11 45.10
9
6 8 36.3
13 34.51
18 10 1.67
10
6 448.3
3 68.39
11 15 41.65
10
6 81 16.3
13 50.64
13 18 58.33
11
4 43 1.6
8 19.17
11 19 38.30
11
6 64 0.9
18 6.30
13 17 54.78
12
4 19 10.1
8 40.06
11 33 34.75
12
7 16 40.0
U 31.49
13 31 51.38
13
3 66 14.0
4 1.04
11 37 31.31
13
7 39 13.3
IB 36.17
13 35 47.88
14
8 33 13.8
4 33.10
11 31 37.86
14
8 1 40.1
IB 50.33
13 39 44.44
15
3 10 9.6
4 43.33
11 35 ^.41
15
8 34 0.4
U 8.91
13 33 40.99
16
2 47 1.8
5 4.36
11 39 30.97
16
8 46 13.7
U 16.94
13 37 37.64
17
3 33 60.7
6 35.50
11 43 17.53
17
9 8 19.6
14 39.38
13 41 84.10
18
3 36.6
6 46.63
11 47 14.07
18
9 80 17.7
14 41.31
13 45 30.66
19
1 37 19.8
6 7.71
11 51 10.63
19
9 63 7.7
U 53.43
13 49 37.30
20
1 14 0.7
6 38.74
11 55 7.18
20
10 13 49.3
16 3.96
13 58 33.76
21
60 89.6
6 49.71
11 59 8.73
21
10 85 31.8
16 13.89
13 57 30.31
22
37 17.0
7 10.58
13 3 0.36
22
10 56 45.1
16 33.14
14 1 16.86
23
N. 3 63.0
7 31.36
13 6 56.63
23
11 17 56.6
16 30.71
14 6 13.43
24
S. 19 81.9
7 51.99
13 10 53.38
24
11 89 1.9
15 38.68
14 9 9.97
25
43 67.8
8 13.48
13 14 49.94
25
11 69 54.6
16 45.75
14 18 6.53
26
1 6 33U)
8 33.83
13 18 46.49
26
13 30 36.4
16 53.31
14 17 8.08
27
1 39 48.5
8 53.98
13 33 43.04
27
13 41 6.8
16 57.95
14 30 59.68
28
1 63 13.4
13.95
13 36 39.59
28
IB 1 35.3
1« 3.95
14 94 66.19
29
3 16 37.4
9 83.71
13 30 36.16
29
IB 31 31.4
1« 7.31
14 9B 5S.74
30
3 40 0.1
9 53.34
13 84 33.70
30
IS 41 36.0
1« 10.73
U88 49»30
31
8 8 31.3
10 11.63
13 88 39.85
31
14 1 6.4
16 18.48
14I6 45JB0
1851.]
BPHEMBRIB OF TBS BUN.
ei
At Apparent Jfoon at Greetiwiek,
NOVKMBEfL
DECEMBER.
D.
Semi-diam.
S. D. culm.
•
1
D.
Semi-diam.
S. D. culm.
^ 00
/ u
.m. s.
/ //
m. 8.
1
16 8S
1 6.85
H
1
16 14.9
1 10.30
3
5
1J09
7.81
^ 00
3
5
15.3
15.6
10.87
10.58
1 1
7
lOJi
7.65
7
15.7
10.68
U. 1^.
9
10.7
7.79
9
16.0
10.80
11
13
15
17
19
11.2
11.6
13.0
13.4
13.8
8.03
8.36
8.60
8.78
8.96
o** o —
11
13
15
17
19
16.3
16^
16.6
16.7
16.8
10.91
11.01
11.09
11.15
11.19
^H 12-
.fffe ^ J-
21
18.3
9.19
il *^
21
17.0
11.33
23
13.6
9.41
°a S
23
17.1
11.33
°s z
25
13.9
9.62
& 1
25
17.1
11.31
^ K
27
14.3
9.82
S
27
17.3
11.18
8 J
29
14.6
10.02
jS'
29
17.3
11.13
31
14.9
10.30
S
31
17.3
11.07
D.
Declination
South.
Fnua. of Time
to be 8ubtr.fr.
Appar. Time.
Sidereal
Time at
mean noon.
D.
Declination
South.
Eq. ofTi. to be
8tcbtr.fr. Ap.
7\fnetiU25th.
Sidereal
Time at
mean noon.
O / //
m. 8.
h. m. 8.
O / //
m. 8.
h. m. 8.
1
14 30 33.3
16 16.47
14 40 43.40
1
31 46 36.7
10 63.87
16 38 69.08
2
14 39 45.1
16 16.67
14 44 38.96
2
31 65 61.9
10 29.64
16 43 66.68
3
14 68 43.7
16 17.09
14 48 85.61
3
33 4 41.6
10 6.31
16 46 63.19
4
16 17 27JJ
16 16.73
14 53 33.06
4
32 18 5.7
9 42.38
16 60 48.75
5
16 36 66.1
16 16.66
14 66 28.63
5
33 31 8.9
9 17.89
16 64 46.30
6
16 64 9.1
16 13.56
16 26.18
6
33 28 36.0
8 62.86
16 68 41.86
7
16 13 6.3
16 10.74
16 4 21.73
7
22 36 41.7
8 27.29
n 3 88.43
8
16 29 47.1
16 7.08
15 8 18.39
8
33 43 20.8
8 1.32
17 6 84.98
9
16 47 11.3
16 3.59
16 12 14.84
9
33 48 33.3
7 34.68
17 10 81.63
10
17 4 18.1
16 67.25
16 16 11.40
10
33 64 18.6
7 7.70
17 14 28.09
11
17 21 7.6
16 61.05
16 20 7.96
11
23 69 36.8
6 40.28
17 18 34.66
12
17 37 39.2
16 44.00
15 24 4.61
12
33 4 37.8
6 12.46
17 23 31.31
13
17 63 63.6
16 36.08
16 38 1.06
13
33 8 61.3
6 44.27
17 36 17.76
14
18 9 47.8
16 27.30
15 81 57.63
14
33 12 47.2
6 16.78
17 30 14.83
15
18 25 23.0
16 17.65
15 35 54.17
15
23 16 15.4
4 46.88
17 34 10.88
16
18 40 39.8
16 7.18
16 39 50.73
16
33 19 16.7
4 17.76
17 38 7.44
17
18 66 36.9
14 65.76
16 48 47.38
17
33 31 48.0
3 48.36
17 43 4.00
18
19 10 12.3
14 43.63
16 47 43.84
18
33 33 63.3
8 18.76
17 46 0.66
19
19 34 38.0
14 30.45
15 51 40.40
19
33 26 28.6
2 48.98
17 49 57.11
20
19 38 22.8
14 16.64
15 55 86.96
20
38 36 36.4
2 19.06
17 63 63.67
21
19 61 66.3
14 1.80
16 50 83.51
21
S3 27 16.0
149.03
17 57 60.33
22
20 6 8J)
18 46.35
16 8 80.07
22
28 27 27.4
1 18.94
18 1 46.78
23
20 17 67.7
13 29.90
16 7 36.63
23
28 27 10.4
48.82
18 6 43.34
24
20 30 34.9
18 12.76
16 U 33.16
24
28 36 25.1
— 18.73
18 9 89.90
25
20 43 39.8
13 54.85
16 15 19.73
25
38 35 11.4
-HTTOS
18 13 86.46
26
90 64 10.A
13 86.30
16 19 16.39
26
38 33 39.5
41.30
18 17 88.03
27
31 A 28.1
13 16.81
16 33 13.85
27
38 31 19.8
1 11.14
18 31 29.57
28
31 16 31.9
11 56.73
16 27 9.41
28
38 18 40.9
1 40.83
18 35 36.18
29
31 36 51Ji
11 85.94
16 81 6.96
29
38 16 84.4
3 10 J» ]
18 39 33.69
30
nWMJi
11 14.48 ]
16 85 3.53 .
30
38 11 69.9
3 80.68 1
18 88 19.35
31
31 46 86.7
10 53.87 ]
16 88 59.06 1
31
SB 7ffr.5
8 8.50 |]
8 87 15.80
68 FIXED 8TAB8. [1851.
True A^arvnX Placet qf the Pole Star for every Day of the Year,
Epoch. —
The Upper Culmination at Greenwich
•
JANUARY.
FBBBUABT.
MABGH.
APEZL.
MAT.
BtUrssMinoris
(JPolaria).
» Ura« Minoris
(Po/aris).
31 Uraae Minoris
(Polaris).
« Ursae Minoris
(Polaris).
sUrse Minoris
(Polaris).
Day
of the
Month.
i
%
(2
1
1
4
1.
•
1
i
i
q3
1
i
i
i
1
1851.
h.
1
o
88
h.
1
O
88
h.
1
§6
h.
1
o
88
h.
1
o
88
1
m. B.
5 34^
/ //
81 7.8
m. B.
6 8.36
81 7.6
m. 8.
4 49.33
/ //
81 3.4
m. 8.
4 39.93
/ a
30 68.4
m. 8.
4 45J)3
/ //
30 44.3
2
33.53
7.9
7.67
7.6
48.83
3.1
89.86
63.1
45.73
44.0
3
83.70
8.0
6.78
7.4
48J)1
1.9
39.82
63.8
46.16
43.7
4
81.86
8.1
6.00
7.3
47.81
1.7
39.79
62.4
46.ffr
43.5
5
81.03
8.3
6.33
7.3
47013
1.4
89.78
63.1
47.01
43JI
6
30.18
8.3
4.45
7.0
46.86
1.1
89.78
51.8
47.47
43.0
7
8
39.33
38.49
8.3
8.4
3.09
3.94
6.9
6.7
46.40
45.96
0.8
0.5
(89.80)
189.86$
89.93
561.6)
61.2$
60.9
47.95
48.44
43.7
43.5
9
37.64
8.4
3.19
6.6
45.54
0.2
40U)0
60.6
48.94
43.3
10
36.79
8.4
1.46
6.4
45.14
0.0
40.06
60.3
49.44
42.0
11
36.94
8.4
0.73
6.3
/
44.75
30 69.7
40.18
60.0
49.95
41.8
12
36.09
8.5
0.00
6.0
44.37
59.4
40.30
49.6
60.47
41.6
13
34.33
8.5
4 69.39
6.8
43.99
69.1
40.43
49.3
61.00
41.4
14
33.38
8.5
68.59
6,7
43.63
66.8
40.57
49.0
61.54
41.2
15
33.53
8.5
67.90
6.5
43.39
66.5
40.73
48.7
63.10
41.0
16
31.67
8.6
67.23
6.3
43.98
66.2
40.90
48.4
63.68
40.8
17
30.83
8.4
66.56
5.1
43.68
68.0
41.10
48.1
63.36
40.6
18
19.97
8.4
65.89
4.9
43.38
67.7
41.32
47.8
63.85
40.4
19
19.13
8.4
65.33
4.7
43.10
67.4
41.54
47.6
64.45
40.2
20
18.37
8.4
64.66
4.5
41.84
67.1
41.77
47.3
65.06
40.0
21
17.43
8.3
63.94
4.3
41.59
66.8
42.03
47.0
65.68
39.8
22
16.69
8.3
63.33
4.1
41.36
66.5
43.30
46.7
66.32
39.6
23
16.74
8.3
63.73
3.8
41.16
66.3
43.58
46.4
66.96
89.4
24
14.90
8.3
63.13
3.6
40.95
65.9
42.87
46.2
67.62
89.2
25
14.06
8.3
61.65
3.4
40.76
65.6
43.18
45.9
68.38
89.1
26
13.33
8.1
60.98
3.1
40.59
65.3
43.60
45.6
66.94
88.9
27
13.41
8.1
60.41
3.9
40.44
64.9
43.83
46.3
69.63
88.8
28
11.60
8.0
49.86
3.6
40.31
54.6
44.17
46.0
60.30
88.7
29
10.78
7.9
49.33
3.4
40.19
64.3
44.54
44.7
60.96
88.5
30
9.97
7.8
40.08
64.0
44.93
44.5
61.68
88.4
31
9.16
7.7
39.99
53.7
45.33
44.3
63.38
88.3
32
8.36
7.6
39.93
63.4
63.10
88.3
185 L] FIXED STARS. 63
True Apparent Places of {he Pole Star for every Day of (he Year,
Epoch. — The Upper Cubuination at Greenwich.
JUMS.
JULY.
jiVavvT.
SBFTKMBBR.
OGTOBXH.
• Ursffi Minorie
iFolari8).
etUrsffiMinoris
iPolaris).
itTTFssMinoris
(Polaris).
fltUnnnMinoris
(Polaris).
» Urss Minoris
(Polaris).
Day
of tbe
Month.
•
1
«
•
1
i
1
1
1
•
•
1
1
m
1
pes
•
•
1
i
1
•
1
•
1
1851.
h.
1
o
88
h.
1
o
88
h.
1
o
88
h.
1
o
88
h.
1
o
88
1
m. a.
6 3.10
/ //
M)38.3
m. s.
5 36.71
30 36.9
m. B.
5 51.45
30 40.7
m. 8.
6 11.00
/ //
30 48.9
'1. 8.
6 21.16
/ //
30 59.6
2
3.83
88.0
37.54
36.9
52.19
40.9
11.49
49.3
21.32
31 0.0
3
4.66
37.9
38.37
36.9
6Q.92
41.1
11.97
49.6
21.47
0.3
4
5.90
37.8
29.30
37.0
53.64
41.3
13.45
49.9
21.60
0.7
5
6.04
37.7
30.03
37.0
54.36
41.5
12.92
60.3
21.72
1.1
6
6.78
87.6
30.86
37.1
56.07
41.7
13.88
60.6
21.83
1.5
7
7.68
37.5
" 31.68
37.2
65.77
42.0
13.84
60.9
21.93
1.9
8
8.29
37.4
33.49
37.3
56.47
42.2
14.28
61.2
22.01
3.3
9
9.05
37.3
33.30
87.4
67.16
43.5
14.71
51.6
22.08
3.6
10
9.81
37.3
34.13
37.5
67.84
42.7
15.13
61.9
22.14
3.0
11
10.69
37.1
34.94
37.6
66.52
43.9
16.62
52.2
33.18
3.4
12
11.37
37.1
35.76
37.7
59.20
43.1
16.91
52.6
33.31
3.8
13
13.15
37.0
36.58
37.8
69.88
43.4
16.39
53.0
32.23
4.3
14
13.93
36.9
37.40
37.9
6 0.56
43.7
16.66
63.8
33.33
4.6
15
13.71
36.9
38J23
38.0
1.20
43.9
17.01
53.7
33.33
6.0
16
14.50
36.9
39.03
38.1
1.84
44.3
17.85
54.0
23.31
6.4
17
15.30
36.8
39.83
38.2
2.48
44.5
17.69
54.3
33.18
5.7
18
16.10
36.8
40.63
36.3
3.11
44.8
18.02
54.7
33.13
6.1
19
16.90
36.8
41.43
384
3.73
46.0
18.33
55.1
33.07
6.6
20
17.71
36.8
43.33
38.6
4.35
45.3
18.68
55.4
33.00
6.8
21
18.53
36.7
*43.03
36.8
4.96
46.6
18.92
55.8
2\91
7.3
22
19.33
36.7
43.83
38.9
6.56
45.9
,19.19
56.2
21.80
7.6
23
30.14
36.7
44.60
89.1
6.16
46.3
19.46
66.6
21.69
8.0
24
30.96
36.7
45.36
39.2
6.72
46.4
19.72
67.0'
21.67
8.4
25
31.78
36.7
46.13
39.3
7.28
46.7
19.96
57.3
21.44
8.8
26
33.60
36.7
46.91
39.5
7.83
47.0
20.19
67.7
21.29
9.1
27
33.43
36.7
47.68
39.7
8.38
47.8
20.41
66.1
2i.ia
9.5
28
34.34
36.8
48.46
39.9
8.9a
47.7
30.6S
66.6
20.9£
9.9
29
35.06
36.8
49.3S
40.1
9.47
48.0
30.81
68.8
30.76
10.3
30
35.88
36.8
49.96
40.3
9.9S
48.3
30.9S
59.S
30.66
; 10.6
31
36.71
36.9
60.7C
40.6
lOM
48.6
3i.ie
59.6
30.3£
► 11.0
32
51.4fi
40.7
11.0C
48.g
30. is
U.8
64
WITED STARS.
[1861.
True AmarmA Plaets of the Pole Star for evory Day, and of Tkirty-owen qf
the Principal Fixed Stars for every Tenth Day, of the Year,
Epoch. — The Upper Cnlmination at Greenwich.
(UrasMinoris.
• AndiomedaB.
NOVBXBSE. 1
DBCXMBXK.
3
1
I
I
Day
of the
Month.
of the
Month.
1
•
S
1
i
«Un»MiiioriB
iPolaria).
i 1
} J!
• UFBasMlnoris
iPolaria).
1 1
1861.
Jan. 1
11
21
31
h.
18
m. 8.
30 7.39
7.63
6.48
10.06
O
86
36 66.3
51.9
48.6
46.4
h.
m. 8.
40.75
40.60
40.46
40.38
O
28
16 6.8
6.7
4.6
8.0
1851.
h.
1
m. 8.
o
88
h.
1
m. 8.
o
88
/ »
1
6 90.13
31 11^
6 7Jn
31 31.1
Feb. 10
13.36
43.6
40.38
1.4
2
19.67
11.7
6.76
31.4
20
14.99
40.4
40.16
15 60.8
3
19.e2
13.1
6.14
31.6
Mar. 2
18.14
38.6
40.10
68.1
4
19.86
13.4
6.61
31.9
12
31.60
37.4
.40.09
^40.13
66.6
5
19.06
13.8
4.87
33.3
22
35.17
86.9
65.1
6
18.T7
13.3
4.33
33.4
Apr. 1
38.79
37.1
40.33
63.8
7
18.46
13U{
3.68
33.7
11
33.35
37.7
40.36
63.0
8
18.14
13.9
3.93
33.9
21
36.48
39.0
40Ji3
63.5
9
17.80
14.3
3.34
33.1
May 1
38.33
40.8
40.74
53.3
10
17.46
14.6
1.66
33.3
11
40.74
43.1
40.99
63.6
21
43.61
46.7
41.38
63.3
11
17.11
16.0
0.87
33U»
31
43.90
48.6
41.60
54.8
12
16.74
16.3
0.16
33.8
JunelO
44.57
61.6
41.93
65.7
13
16.86
16.7
6 69.46
34.0
20
44.69
64.8
43.36
67.4
14
16.96
16.0
66.73
34.3
30
43.98
67.9
43.80
69.3
15
16.64
16J)
66.01
34.4
July 10
43.77
86 0.9
43.93
16 l.fi
16
16.13
16.6
67.27
34.6
20
40.94
3.8
43.38
8.9
17
14.69
16.9
66.63
34.8
30
38.66
6.5
48.61
6.3
18
14.34
17.3
66.77
34.9
Aug. 9
36.73
8.9
43.76
6.8
19
13.78
17.6
66.01
36.1
19
33.44
10.9
43.97
11.8
20
18.31
17.8
64.33
36.8
29
38.79
13.5
44.14
18.7
Sept 8
34.87
13.7
44.38
16.1
21
13.63
1R.3
63.46
35.6
18
90.78
14.4
44.87
16.9
22
13.33
18.5
63.67
35.7
28
16.49
14.7
44.43
30.3
23
11.83
18.8
61.88
35.8
Oct. 8
13.33
14.4
4448
33.0
24
11.33
19.1
61.09
36.9
18
8.03
13.7
44.41
33.6
25
10.79
19.4
60.39
36.0
28
4.01
13.6
44*36
34.8
26
10.34
19.7
49.49
36.3
Nov. 7
0.39
10.7
44.36
36.8
27
9.68
30.0
48.66
36.3
17
19 56.98
8.5
44.18
36.5
28
9.13
30.3
47.87
36.6
27
644)4
6.9
44.06
36.9
29
8.66
30.6
47.06
36.6
Dec. 7
61.71
3.9
43 jn
36.9
30
7.97
30.8
46.33
36.7
17
60U»
36 69.7
43.79
36.6
31
7.37
31.1
46.38
36.8
27
48.95
65.9
43.64
36.1
32
44.63
36.9
37
43.60
15.9
1851.]
PIXBD STARS.
65
JVue ^parent Places €j Thirty»seTen cf the Principal Fixed Stars for every
Tenth Day of the Year.
Epoch. — The Upper Culmination at Greenwich.
X
iSOeti.
2.3
« Arietis.
3
• Ceti.
2.3
eiTauri
(Aldebaran).
1
» Auriro
(Caoe/to).
1
Day
of the
Month.
i
1
1
p3
•
i
1
4
1
1
•
1
1.
1
•
1851.
h.
o
18
h.
1
o
22
h.
2
o
3
h.
4
o
16
h.
5
o
45
Jan. 1
m. 8.
36 6.41
48 84.1
m. 8.
68 46.68
46 17.8
m. 8.
64 39.64
/ //
39 66.5
m. 8.
37 33.83
/ //
13 13.0
6 434)8
60 33.4
11
6.38
84.6
46.66
17.4
39.64
67.7
33.78
13.8
43.01
33J)
21
6.16
84.8
46.41
16.9
39.43
67.1
33.70
13.6
41.98
35.1
31
6.08
84.7
46.36
16.3
39.38
66.6
33.58
13.8
41.79
36.3
Feb. 10
4.S8
84.4
46.09
16.5
39.13
66.1
33.44
13.1
41.60
37.0
20
4.84
83.8
46.94
14.6
38.97
65.7
33.37
11.9
41.37
37.5
Mar. 2
4.78
88.0
46.80
18.7
38.81
65.5
33.09
11.7
41.13
37.8
12
4.74
81.8
46.66
13.8
38.67
66.4
31.91
11.6
40.86
37.7
22
- 4.76
^ 4.78
80.6
46.60
11.9
38.66
56.5
31.74
11.3
40.61
37.4
Apr. 1
38.7
46.66
ll.I
38.47
66.8
31.50
ll.I
40.37
38.7
11
4.87
36.6
46.66
10.6
38.41
66.3
31.46
11.0
40.16
36.9
21
6.00
34.7
,46.61
<^ 46.71
10.0
38.40
66.9
31.87
11.0
89.99
34.8
May 1
6.17
32.6
9.6
,38.44
° 38.63
87.7
31.33
11.0
89.87
33.6
11
64»
30J)
45.86
9.9
66.9
31.33
11.3
89.83
33^
21
6U«
^ 17.9
46.05
10.3
38.65
30 0.3
,314J6
^31.46
11.6
89.83
31.0
31
6.90
16.6
46.39
10.9
38.83
1.7
13.1
,39.89
^40.03
19.7
June 10
6.19
18.3
46.55
11.8
39.03
3.3
31.61
13.7
18.4
20
6.61
11.0
46.85
13.9
39.37
6.0
31.79
18.5
40.33
17.8
30
6.88
9.0
47.17
14.3
39.64
6.8
33.00
14.4
40.46
16.4
July 10
7.16
7.1
47.49
16.8
39.83
8.6
33.34
16.8
40.76
16.6
20
7.«
6.6
47.83
17.6
80.13
10.3
33.63
16.4
41.07
15.0
30
7.77
4.8
48.14
194)
30.43
134)
33.81
17.6
41.43
14.7
Aug. 9
8.04
8.4
48.46
31.3
30.73
13.6
38.11
18.5
41.81
14.5
19
8.38
3.8
48.76
38.0
31.01
16.0
33.41
19.5
43.30
14.5
29
8.49
3.7
49.03
34.8
81.39
16.3
33.73
30.5
43.61
14.8
Sept. 8
8.66
3.8
49.36
36.6
31.66
17-3
34.03
31.8
434)3
16.3
18
8.79
8.8
49.47
38.3
81.79
17-9
34.31
334)
43.43
16.8
28
8.88
4.0
49.66
39.7
83.00
18.3
34.50
33.6
48.83
16.6
Oct. 8
8.94
6.0
49.80
81.0
83.19
18.5
34.86
33.1
44.31
17.4
18
8.96
6.3
49.93
83.3
83.85
18.5
36.11
33.4
44.56
18.5
28
8.94
7.6
60.00
88.3
83.48
18.3
36.34
384>
44.98
19.6
Nov. 7
8.90
8.9
60.05
84.1
83.59
17.8
35.54
33.6
46.34
30.9
17
6.88
10.3
60.07
84.8
83.66
17.3
35.71
33.6
46.53
33.8
27
6.74
11.6
60.06
864)
83.70
16.6
35.85
38.5
46.76
33.8
Dec. 7
8.64
13.7
60.03
86.6
83.71
16.9
36.96
38.8
46.95
35.8
17
8.63
18.7
49.95
85.8
83.69
16.3
36.03
33.1
46.09
36.9
27
8.40
14.6
49.86
85.7
83.63
14.4
36.05
38.0
46.16
38.4
37
8.37
164)
49.75
86.6
83.55
18.7
36.04
3S.8
46.18
39.9
6*
66 FIXED STARS. [1851.*
ZViie Affwmd Plaees nf Tkirtihseven 4f the Principal Fixtd Staargfor every
Tenth Day of the Year.
Epoch. — The Upper Calminatioii at Greenwich.
Day
of the
Month.
fi Ononis
^ 1
1 1
Right Aac. «>
Dec. North. •
1 Ononis.
2
^ 1
1 i
«OrioQls.
MCanisMajoris
iSiriue).
1861.
h.
6
o
8
h.
5
o
28
h.
5
o
h.
6
o
7
h.
6
o
16
Jan. 1
m. B.
7 33.16
/ //
33 60.8
m. 8.
16 63.03
/ //
38 39.3
m. B.
34 34.36
/ ft
34 66.4
m. 8.
47 6.83
/ M
33 30.8
m. 8.
38 86.7D
81 8.8
11
33.14
63.3
53U)3
39.8
34.36
69.6
6.84
30U)
36.15
6.1
21
33.06
63.5
63.97
80.3
M.33
35 0.6
6.83
19.8
36.76
8.1
31
33.96
64.6
63.88
8a6
34.18
1.4
6.76
18.8
86.72
IOjO
Feb. 10
33.RA
66.4
63.76
80.9
34.03
3.0
6.66
18.4
86.63
11.6
20
33.60
66.0
63.56
81.1
38.87
3.5
6.62
18.1
86.60
13.6
Mar. 2
33.51
66.4
63.39
81.3
33.70
3.6
6.36
17.9
36.84
13.7
12
33J)3
6G.4
63.19
81.3
33.63
3.9
6.19
17.8
36.16
14.4
22
33.14
66.3
61.99
81.1
38.84
3.9
6.01
17.9
84.97
14.7
Apr. 1
31.97
66.8
61.80
80.8
38.16
3.7
6.88
18.0
34.77
14.6
11
31.81
66.1
61.63
80.5
33.01
3.3
6.67
16.3
34.66
14J)
21
31.69
64.3
51.60
80.1
33.86
1.6
6.68
16.6
84.40
13.6
May 1
31.60
63.1
61.41
39.6
33.79
0.8
6.43
19.1
84.36
13.7
11
31.56
61.7
61.36
30.3
33.73
34 59.8
6.86
19.6
84.13
11.4
21
31.54
60.1
61.36
38.8
23.73
66.7
AU»
90J)
84.04
lOJO
31
,31.66
<^ 31.67
48.4
51.41
38.5
33.74
67.4
6.84
21.1
83.99
8.3
June 10
46.3
,61.60
^61.67
38.3
.23.83
^23.94
66U)
, 6.40
^ 6.60
23.1
88.98
6A
20
31.80
44.3
38.1
64.4
38.3
84.01
4.3
30
July 10
31.96
33.16
43.3
40.3
61.86
63.08
38.1
38.3
33.09
33.38
63.6
61.3
6.64
6.83
34.3
26.4
^34.08^
3419
30 59.9
20
33.38
88.4
53.34
38.3
33.49
49.6
6.03
36.6
84.88
S1.1
30
23.69
36.6
63.68
36.6
33.73
46.3
6.36
37.6
84.60
66.7
Aug. 9
33.88
36.0
63.93
39.0
33.99
46.6
6.60
»S
84.70
63.9
19
33.16
83.6
63.36
30.4
34.36
46.6
6.76
39.5
84.98
63J)
29
33.44
83.6
63.57
39.8
34.64
44.7
IM
80.3
86.17
60.9
Sept. 8
33.73
81.7
63.90
80.3
34.83
44.0
7ja
80.8
86.44
60.0
18
34.01
81.3
64.33
80.7
36.11
48.6
7.61
81.1
86.71
49.4
28
34.39
81.3
64.66
81.3
36.39
43.6
7.90
81.3
864)0
49.3
Oct 8
34.66
31.7
64.87
81.6
96.67
48.7
8.19
81.1
86.39
49.6
18
34.83
83.4
65.18
83.1
35.94
44.1
8.47
30.8
86.68
60.4
28
36.06
83.4
66.47
83.6
36.16
44.8
6.74
80.3
86.87
51.6
Nov. 7
35.38
84.7
66.73
83.9
36.43
46.6
9.00
39.5
87.14
63.1
17
35.47
86.3
65.97
88.3
36.68
46.9
9.34
38.7
, 87.40
66.0
27
36.63
37.8
66.19
83.7
36.81
48.3
9.44
37.8
87.64
67.1
Dec 7
36.76
39.5
66.36
34.3
36.96
49.6
9.62
36.9
87.86
69.4
17
36.85
41.3
66.49
84.7
97.08
60.6
0.76
36.0
38.03
61.8
27
36.89
43.8
66.57
86.3
37.16
63.1
9.86
36.1
88.15
64.3
37
35.90
44.4
66.60
86.5
37.17
63.8
9M
34.3
88.23
66.6
1851.]
riZEO STARS.
TVice ^^pfwmA Placet tf 7%«rt^ev«» of t&« Pnnc^poj
TeiUk Day of the Year.
Epoch. — The Upper Cuhniiiation at Greenwich.
67
Stars fit entry
Day
of the
Month.
•s Geminomm
(Castor).
3
i *'
•GanisMinoris
iProcyon).
«* 1
§ i
pes Q
/3 Gemlnorum
iPoUuxy.
2 .
^ 1
a 1
2
• Leonia
iRegulua).
1 i
1861.
h.
7
o
32
h.
7
o
5
h.
7
o
28
h.
9
o
8
h.
10
o
12
m. s.
/ u
m. s.
/ u
m. 8.
/ M
m. 8.
/ M
m. 8.
/ //
Jan. 1
35 fijn
13 38.4
3130UM
86 4.9
38 11.89
23 46.8
30 16.13
64.8
36.87
U83.7
11
5.72
38.9
3046
8.7
13.04
46.1
16.35
67.0
36.13
81.4
21
6.81
39.6
80.64
3.7
13.14
46.6
16.63
60.0
36.36
804)
31
6.84
80.4
80.67
1.9
13.18
47.1
16.65
1 0.0
36.63
30.6
Feb. 10
6.81
81.3
80.65
1.3
13.16
47.7
16.73
3.6
36416
39.0
20
5,73
83.1
30.48
0.8
13.10
48.4
16.75
4.0
36.74
38.7
Mar. 2
6.60
83.0
30.37
0.5
11.99
49.3
16.13
6.3
38.77
3B.7
12
6.46
83.8
30.33
0.3
11.84
49.9
16.67
6.1
36.75
38.9
22
6.36
UA
30X7
0.3
11.66
60.6
16.66
6.8
36.70
39.3
Apr. 1
6.06
34.9
39.90
0.4
11.47
61.1
16v46
7.3
36.61
39.8
11
4.86
86.3
39.73
0.7
11.38
61.6
164)3
7.4
36.60
80.4
21
4.67
35.5
39.56
1.0
11.10
61.8
16.18
7.4
36.87
81.0
May 1
4.50
85.5
39.41
1.5
10.93
53U)
16U)3
7.1
36.34
81.7
11
4.35
36.4
39.39
3.0
10.79
63.0
16.89
6.7
36.11
83.4
21
4.34
86.2
39.19
3.6
10.68
61.9
16.76
6.0
364)8
88.0
31
4.17
34.8
39.13
34)
10.60
61.7
16i)4
6.3
36.86
88.6
June 10
4.16
34.3
39.09
4.1
10.67
61.5
16.64
44)
36.76
84.1
20
4.16
38.8
39.10
4.9
10.67
61.1
16.47
8.3
. 26.67
84.6
30
4.33
88.3
39.14
6.7
104»
50.7
16.43
3.1
36.61
864)
July 1.0
, 4.82
^ 4.47
33.6
.29.31
^39.33
6.6
, 10.70
^10.84
60.3
16.39
0.8
36.66
86.3
20
31.8
7.5
49.8
16.39
69.6
36.64
86.6
30
4.65
31.1
39.47
8.3
114X)
49.3
16.43
664)
36.65
86.6
Aug. 9
4.86
30.4
394)3
9.0
11.19
48.7
,16.47
^15.66
67.1
36.66
86.5
19
5.10
39.7
39^
9.6
IMl
48.1
66.9
,26.63
^36.73
86.3
29
5J36
39.0
30.04
10.0
11.65
47.6
16.06
66.0
84.9
Sept. 8
6.65
38.3
80*38
10.3
11.93
46.8
16.83
644)
36.84
844
18
6.96
37.6
30'63
10.3
13.31
46.1
16.00
68.8
36.98
83.7
28
6.38
36.8
30*80
10.0
13.51
45.4
16.30
68.7
36.16
83.7
Oct 8
6.63
36.1
314)9
9.5
13.84
44.6
16.44
63.9
36.37
31.6
18
6.97
36.4
81.38
8.8
13.17
48.8
16.70
64.6
36.61
80.3
28
7.83
34.8
31.68
7.8
13.51
43.0
16.98
664
36.88
38.7
Nov. 7
7.68
34.3
31.98
6.7
13.86
434)
17.28
66.6
37.18
374)
17
8.03
33.9
32.37
6.4
14.19
41.7
17.60
68.3
37.60
35.3
27
8.36
33.6
33.56
4.0
14.53
41.3
17.91
1 0.0
37.82
334
Dec. 7
8.66
33.6
32«2
3.6
144»
40.8
18.33
3.1
38.15
31.6
17
8.93
33 JS
334)5
1.2
15.00
40.6
18.51
4.3
38.46
19.9
27
9.16
33^
33.^
36 69.8
15J)3
40.6
16.78
6.4
38.79
18.3
37
9.84
34J)
33.89
58.^
15.50
40.7
194B
8.6
394r7
16.9
68
FIXED STARS.
[1851.
True Apparent Places of TkirtU'Seven of the Principal Fixed Stars for every
Tenth Day of the Year.
Epoch'. — The Upper Culmination at Greenwich.
Day
of the
MoDth.
i»UnKBMajoris.
1.2
1 i
i i
/6 Leonis.
2.3
§ i
pes Q
• Virginis
(fifjpico).
. ^ <
1 ■ 1
1 1
« Bootis
iArcturuB).
1 .
^ 1
1 1
•9 LibroB.
3
t ^
1861.
h.
10
o
62
h,
11
o
15
h.
13
o
10
h.
14
o
19
h.
14
o
15
Jan. 1
m. s.
M 39.04
/ //
33 1.3
m. s.
41 36.75
24 15.3
m. 8.
17 19.90
/ //
22 46.5
m. 8.
8 60.62
/ //
57 86.9
ni. 8.
42 874)6
/ //
24 66.9
11
39.60
1.6
37.06
13.7
30.22
48.5
60.86
84.6
37.38
25 0.6
21
80.08
3.6
37.36
12.3
20.54
60.5
51.18
82.7
37.71
2.3
31
80.60
4.1
37.62
11.3
20.85
52.4
61.60
81.1
88.03
83
Feb. 10
80.83
6.0
37.84
10.6
21.13
54.3
51.81
39.9
38.35
6.6
20
31.07
6.3
38.03
10.3
21.37
66.0
62.09
29.1
38.65
7.0
Mar. 2
31.31
10.8
38.15
10.2
21.59
57.4
624»
28.8
36.98
8.4
12
31.36
18.5
38.34
10.5
21.77
68.7
63.66
29.0
89.18
9.7
22
31.33
16.3
28.39
11.1
21.91
59.7
62.77
29.5
39.40
10.7
Apr. 1
81.10
18.8
28.33
11.8
23.03
23 0.5
62.92
804
39.69
11.6
11
80.90
31.3
38.27
12.6
33.10
1.1
63.04
31.5
89.76
12.3
. 21
80.66
33.4
38.37
13.6
32.14
1.4
63.13
32.9
89.89
12.9
May 1
80.36
36.3
38.14
14.6
22.16
1.6
63.18
344
40.00
13.3
11
80.03
36.6
38.05
16.6
22.15
1.6
53.21
86.0
40.07
13.6
21
39.68
37.6
37.95
16.6
22.12
1.5
53.20
87.6
40.12
13.7
31
39.34
38.1
37.84
17.6
22.07
1.3
53.17
39.1
40.14
13.7
June 10
30U)1
38.0
27.73
18.2
22.00
1.0
63.12
40.5
40.13
13.6
20
38.70
37.6
37.68
18.9
21.92
0.6
634)4
41.8
40.10
13.5
30
38.43
36.6
37.51
194
21.82
0.1
52.94
42.9
40.04
13.3
July 10
38.17
36.2
3741
19.7
21.71
23 69.5
62.82
43.8
39.96
134)
20
ar7.97
23.4
37.32
19.9
21.60
66.9
62.69
44.4
39.85
12.6
30
37.82
31.2
37.25
19.9
31.48
68.3
52.55
44.7
39.72
12.2
Aug. 9
37.73
18.7
37.19
19.7
31.36
S7.6
5241
44.8
39.58
11.8
19
37.68
16.0
37.14
19.3
31.25
67.0
52.26
44.6
39.44
11.3
29
#37.70
^37.80
13.0
37.12
18.7
31.15
66.4
62.12
44.0
39.29
10.8
Sept 8
9.5
,37.13
^27.18
17.9
31.07
55.9
61.99
43.2
39.16
10.3
18
37.96
6.3
16.7
21.02
55.5
61.88
42.2
39.03
9.9
28
38.18
3.0
2^.26
16.4
30.99
65.3
61.80
40.8
38.93
9.5
Oct. 8
38.47
32 69.8
27.37
13.9
, 31.01
"31.07
65.3
51.76
39.1
38.86
9.2
18
38.83
66.6
27.63
12.3
55.5
51.74
37.1
88.83
9.1
28
Nov. 7
39.30
39.74
53.6
60.9
27.72
27.96
10.3
8.2
31.18
21.33
66.0
66.7
561.78/
i 51.781
61.87
(84 8/
{34.6C
32.2
/ 38.85
° 38.93
9.1
9.4
17
30.38
48.6
28.33
6.0
21.53
67.7
62.01
29.6
39.05
9.9
27
30.86
46.6
28.53
3.8
21.77
69.0
52.30
26.8
39.23
10.7
Dec. 7
3146
46.0
28.85
1.6
23.05
23 0.6
63.44
24.1
3945
11.7
17
33.07
44.0
29.19
23 694
22.36
2.4
53.71
21.3
39.71
12.9
27
33.67
43.6
29.63
67.4
22.68
4.3
634)1
18.7
40.00
14.3
37
33.34
43.7
29.86
55.7
23.01
6.3
63.33
16.3
40.32
15.9
1851.]
Drue
FIXED STARS.
69
Places of Thirty-seven of the Principal Fixed Stars for every
Tenth Day of the Year,
Epoch. — The Upper Culmination at Greenwich.
/SUrssBMinoris.
3
fi LibrsB.
2.3
• OoronsB Bore-
alis.
« SenwDtis.
iSi Scorpionifl.
Day
of the
Moath.
1
i
2
1
5?
ii
1
1
•
1
•
1
1861.
k
14
o
74
h.
15
o
8
h.
15
Sr
15
o
6
h.
15
o
19
m. 8.
/ u
m. 8.
/ tf
m. a.
1 H
m. 8.
/ //
m. 8.
/ //
Jan. 1
51 8.09
46 43.6
8 57.97
49in.7
38 30.83
18 8.5
86 640)7
53 56.7
56 44.81
98 95J)
11
8.81
40.1
58.27
89.4
31.33
6.9
54.35
64.6
45.10
96.1
21
9.67
38.4
58.60
41.1
31.54
3.6
54.65
63.6
45.41
97.3
31
10.66
37.3
58.90
43.7
31.87
1.6
54.95
50.8
45.78
38.4
Feb. 10
11.49
86.9
59.31
44.3
33.30
o.d
65.36
49.3
46.06
99.6
20
13.38
37.1
69.61
45.6
33.63
13 59.3
55.56
48.1
46.88
80.8
Mar. 2
13.31
38.0
69.80
46.8
583
65.85
47.8
46.69
81.9
12
13.97
39.6
9 0.06
47.7
33.11
58.9
66.13
46.8
46.98
83.9
22
14.03
41.6
0.39
48.4
23.37
59.5
56.37
46.7
47.96
88.8
Apr, 1
15.16
44.1
0.50
48.9
33.61
13 0.6
66.69
46.9
47.68
84.6
11
15.55
46.9
0.69
49.3
33.81
1.9
66.79
47.4
47.75
85.1
21
15.80
50.0
0.84
49.3
33.96
3.6
66.97
48.3
47,97
35.6
May 1
16.91
53.1
0.97
49.3
34.11
5.6
67.11
49.d
48.15
86.0
11
15.87
56.3
1.07
49.1
* 34.31
77
67.33
50.3
48JM)
86.3
21
16.70
59.3
1.14
48.8
34.28
9.9
57.33
61.6
48.48
86.5
31
15.40
46 3.0
1.18
48.4
34.31
13.1
ffT.38
63.9
48.53
36.7
Jane 10
14.99
4.5
1.30
48.0
34.31
14.3
67.41
64.2
48.58
86.8
20
14.47
6.6
1.18
47.6
34.37
16.1
67.40
5A.4
48.61
86.9
30
13.87
8.3
1.14
47.0
34.31
17.9
67.37
56.6
48.60
86.9
July 10
13.19
9.4
1.07
46.6
24.11
19.4
67.31
67.6
48.56
86.9
20
13.46
10.1
0.97
46.1
33.99
30.6
67.22
68.5
48.48
36.8
30
, 11.69
10.3
0.86
45.7
33.84
21.5
67.11
59.2
48.38
86.7
Aug. 9
10.91
9.9
0.73
45.3
33.67
23.1
56.97
60.7
48.36
86J>
19
10.13
9.0
0.68
44.9
23.49
333
66.82
54 0.1
48X)9
36.8
29
9.36
7.6
0.43
44.6
33.30
32.1
66.67
0.3
47.98
86.0
Sept. 8
8.63
5.6
0.38
44.3
33.11
31.6
66.51
0.2
47.76
85.7
18
7.96
3.3
0.14
44.1
32.94
30.7
66.35
53 59.9
47.60
85.8
28
7.87
0.5
0.03
44.2
32.78
19.5
66.23
59.4
47.44
35.0
Oct 8
6.88
45 67.4
8 59.94
44.1
33.64
17.9
66.10
58.6
47.83
84.7
18
6.60
53.9
59.89
44.4
22.66
16.9
56.03
67.6
47iB
84.4
28
6.34
50.3
59.88
44.8
22.49
13.6
55.96
' 66.4
47.17
84.3
Nov. 7
17
(613)
(6.18
&18
421
,69.93
^60.03
45.4
46.3
,23.49
<5 33.54
11.1
8.0
56.99
,66.06
O 66.16
64.9
63.3
47.17
,47.29
^47JI8
84.3
84.3
27
6.39
38.3
9 0.17
47.5
23.65
5.1
61.0
34.6
Dec. 7
6.74
34.6
0.36
48.7
32.80
3.0
56.31
49.0
47.48
86.1
17
7.35
31.1
0.59
50.2
33.01
13 59.0
66.51
46.8
47.60
85.8
27
7.80
38.8
0.86
61.8
23.26
56.0
56.75
44 Ji
47.98
86.7
1 37
8.63
35.4
1.15
68.5
23.54
63.3
67.03
43.4
48.31
87.7
70
FIXED STARS.
[185L
TYue Appareni Placet cf Thirty-seven of the PrindpaZ Fixed Stars far every
Tenth Day of the Year.
Epoch. — The Upper Culmination at Greenwich.
Day
of the
Month.
• Scorpionis
(iln/cres).
1 .
^ 1
1 i
« Ophiuchi.
2
i i'
P4 Q
• Lyr»
iVeka).
i t
S 1
i Aquilas.
• AquiloB
iAltair).
^ 1
n 1
■
1861.
h.
16
o
26
h.
17
o
12
h.
18
3^8
h.
19
o
2
h.
19
o
8
Jan. 1
m. 8.
90 14.66
6 86.6
m. 8.
97 59.01
/ //
40 34.6
m. 8.
81 51.39
/ //
88 55.7
m. 8.
17 66.88
/ //
49 30.6
43 38.64 28 45.9
11
14.85
86.3
60.30
99.3
51.44
63.6
($66.96
18.9
,38.70
O 38.81
43.6
21
15.16
86.9
59.48
90.1
51.60
49.4
57.11
17.6
41.7
31
16.49
87.8
59.68
18.9
61.81
46.6
67.27
16.1
38.96
40.1
Feb. 10
16.83
88.7
59.95
16.6
69.05
48.9
67.46
14.9
39.11
38.6
20
16.16
39.7
38 0.33
16.1
59.38
41.8
67.68
18.9
39.31
374
Mar. 2
16.49
40.6
0.63
14.1
59.63
40.1
ff7.91
18.9
39.63
86.5
12
16.81
41.5
0.81
13.6
52.95
89.1
68.17
19.8
39.77
35.9
22
17.11
42.4
1.10
13.4
53.28
88.5
68.44
13.7
80.03
86.7
Apr. 1
17.40
43.2
1.88
13.7
53.61
38.6
68.79
13.9
80.30
85.8
11
17.66
44.0
1.64
14.4
53.94
89.3
69.01
18.6
80.68
86.3
21
17.90
44,7
1.90
154
64.96
40.6
69.29
14.8
80.87
87.1
May 1
18.13
45.8
2.18
16.7
54.67
42.3
69.66
15.4
81.16
38.3
11
18.31
45.9
94{4
18.3
64.85
44.4
59.86
16.7
81.45
39.8
21
18.46
46.6
3.68
90.0
55.10
46.9
18 0.13
18.3
81.73
41.5
31
18.66
47U)
9.69
91.8
65.39
49.7
0.38
19.8
81.99
43.3
JnnelO
18.67
47.4
9.81
98.7
55.60
62.6
0.60
31.6
83.33
46.3
20
18.73
47.8
9.90
96.5
65.63
55.6
0.79
38.3
8944
47.2
30
18.73
48.2
9.95
97.8
56.72
56.6
0.96
34.8
39.63
'49.3
July 10
18.71
48.5
9.96
99.0
66.76
89 1.6
1.07
36.8
33.76
51.1
20
18.64
48.7
9.93
80.5
55.74
4.2
;.i4
97.8
83.85
63.9
30
18.54
48.9
9.87
81.8
65.68
6.7
1.18
99.0
39.90
64.5
Aug. 9
18.41
49.0
9.77
33.9
66.57
9.0
1.17
30.1
83.91
66.0
19
18.36
48.9
2.64
83.7
55.41
10-9
1.12
81.0
,«»2.8B
ff7.8
29
18.08
48.8
348
84.3
56.29
12.6
1.03
81.7
33.80
68.3
Sept. 8
17.90
48.5
3.81
84.6
66.00
18.6
0.90
89.9
33.69
69.1
18
17.72
48.2
3.13
34.6
54.75
14.8
0.76
89.6
83.65
59.7
28
17.66
47.8
1.93
34.4
54.49
14.6
0.59
83.6
39.39
39 0.0
Oct. 8
17.40
47.3
1.76
33.9
64.23
14.4
0.42
83.6
39.93
0.1
18
17.28
46.8
1.60
38.1
53.96
18.8
0.94
83.3
33.05
28 59.9
28
17.91
46.3
1.47
83.0
53.74
12.7
0.08
81.7
31.88
59.5
Nov. ^
17.18
45.9
1.37
80.6
53.54
11.1
17 69.94
81.0
31.72
58.8
17
17.30
45.6
1.31
28.9
53.37
9.1
69.83
80.3
31.59
57.9
27
,17.30
^17.44
45.4
1.30
37.0
53.25
6-7
69.73
39.1
31.49
56.7
Dec. 7
45.4
, 1.84
^ 1.43
34.9
53.17
4.0
69.69
37.9
81.43
654
17
17.63
45.6
33.5
63.16
1.0
69.68
36.6
31.36
63.9
27
17.86
45.9
1.57
20.9
,53.18
<^ 68.28
88 57.8
69.71
36.3
^ 31.39
63.3
37
18.14
46.5
1.74
17.8
64.8
69.79
38.7
3144
60.6
1851.]
FIXXD STABS.
71
2Viie AppoTenZ Places cf Thirty-seven of the Frineipal Fixed Stars for every
Tenth Day of the Year,
Epoch. — The Upper Culmination at Greenwich.
ctCygni.
» Cephei.
• Aquarii.
3
otPiscAustralis
iFomalhaut)'
ctPegaBl
iMarhaby.
0fth6
Month.
i
1
•
1
•
•
•
1
•
1
3
4
1
i
1 .
1
1851.
h.
20
o
44
h.
21
o
61
h.
21
1
h.
22
30
h.
22
14
Jan. 1
m. 8.
36 10.14
46 7.6
m. s.
U 60.08
67 30.0
m. s.
66 6.96
3 83.8
m. 8.
40 33^7
34 60.9
UL 8.
6T 10.16
34 16.9
11
19.09
4.7
66.66
27.3
6.91
34.7
23jn
60.6
10.06
16.0
21
.19.08
^ 19.13
1.6
66.71
34.3
6.89
35.5
32.30
49.9
18.97
18.7
31
44 66.3
,66.64
66.66
30.9
6.89
86.3
33.36
49.0
18.91
19.4
Feb. 10
19.33
66.3
17.3
, 6.93
^ 6.00
36.9
33.36
47.9
18.88
11.1
20
19.38
63.5
68.76
14.0
37.4
,32.26
"22.33
46.6
18.87
0.8
Mar. 2
19.67
60.1
68.94
11.0
6.10
37.6
44.7
^18.90
^18.07
8.7
12
19.81
48.0
69.30
8.3
6.38
37.6
32.43
43.9
73
22
90.09
46.4
69W»
6.0
6.30
87.4
33.66
41.0
10.08
73
Apr. 1
ao.40
4M
69.91
4.8
6.60
86.9
33.73
86.9
10.39
«3
11
90.74
45.0
16 0.36
8.1
6.81
86.1
93.98
a«.7
1040
6.0
21
91.10
46.3
0.83
3.6
1M
86.1
33.17
84.5
10.63
73
May 1
31.46
46.9
1.84
3.6
7.33
33.8
33.46
83.8
19.87
8.0
11
91.83
47.3
1.86
3.3
7.68
33.3
33.76
80.1
30.14
0.0
21
33.18
49.0
3.36
4.5
7.03
80.6
34.09
38.0
904]^
10.4
31
93.63
61.2
3.84
6.3
8.34
38.8
94.43
96:i
90.74
13.1
JimelO
93.83
68.8
3.30
8.6
8.64
36.9
94.78
24.4
914)6
14.0
20
33.11
66.7
3.70
11.3
8.83
35.0
95.13
93.9
31.37
16.1
30
93.34
69.8
4.06
14.3|
0.11
33.2
95.47
91.7
31.67
18.8
July 10
33.63
46 3.1
4.33
17.6
9.36
21.4
96.79
30.8
91.96
90.6
20
33.66
6.3
4.53
31.1
9.56
19.8
36.08
30.3
93.20
93.8
30
33.73
9.6
4.67
34.6|
9.76
18.3
36.34
30.1
9343
36.0
Aug. 9
33.74
12.7
4.73
38.2^
9.90
17.0
36.56
30.3
33.63
37.1
19
33.70
16.7
4.69
3I.7J
9.99
16.0
36.73
30.8
33.77
30.1
29
33.60
18.4
4.58
88.1|
10.04
16.1
96.85
31.6
33.87
80.9
Septs
33.46
30.8
4.39
38.2
1
10.06
14.5
36.93
32.6
33.94
83.5'
18
33.38
32.9
4.14
4l.l|
10.03
14.0
36.96
38.8
33.96
883
28
33.06
34.6
3.83
48.6
9.96
13.8
36.93
36.3
33.94
86.1
Oct 8
33.81
35.9
3.48
46.7
9.87
13.8
36.87
36.6
33.90
86.0
18
33.54
36.7
3.06
47.3
9.76
14.0
36.77
38.1
33.83
86.6
28
33.27
37.0
3.66
48.5'
9.63
14.3
36.66
39 J»
33*73
87.0
Nov. 7
33.00
36.8
3.33
49.1 1
949
14.8
36.61
80.8
33*61
37.1
17
31.76
96.3
1.79
49.3
9.35
16.3
96JW
81.9
33*48
873
27
31.61
36.0
1.38
48.6'
1
9.29
16.0
96.31
83.7
33*86
86.7
Dec 7
31.31
33.3
0.98
47.6
9.10
I6.7
26.06
834
93.33
86.1
17
31.14
31.2
0.62
45.9
9.00
17.5
36.93
83.8
9310
86.8
27
31.01
18.8
0.31
43.7
1
8.93
18.4
36.80
88.8
31.98
84.4
37
90.93
16.0
0.07
41.3'
8.86
I9.2I
36.69
88.6
31*88
883
[1861.
Dr. Young's R^ractiarta, tke Baromtter heing at 30 inckea, and Ikt internal
Tkenninatler aJ 50, or (Ae eilemal at 47 degrta ; uifA the CorraXiims for
■\- ant iiuA tn (As Baronuitr, and fen otu degret tn the Thermomrter of
FakranhtU. From page 19 <{f fol. I. cf Pearton't Practital Aitnmomy.
i
1
+
2.
I
1
10
at
Si
IT
+
EBi
30
38
2
2.0
1.0
1.8
1
1*
L
i(L»
12.8
(L7
5
.80
.89
.T3
i
1
+
h
10
90
»14
va
tn
t
8.4
:
6 98
14 'o
10
90
80
SO
9*
:93
3 4S.8
8 47.1
S30.7
SM.3
9 90.6
3 14.4
a 0,5
9«.7
9 3S.7
9 30.5
9 93.9
9 is.a
7.S9
7.90
8.00
B.M
4.M
3.11
9.S8
Jao
.484
.4ie
.424
.389
.340
.399
.390
.976
.959
w
M
«0
MS4
U4S
U 3
m
u
4.0
so
M
UK
%
:
B41
sao
1
UK
a IS
law
al 8
4»
4B
4S
40
»
4.8
4.0
4.1
40
M
1109
II SO
10 w
10 S9
10 IS
9SJ
I.TO
1. 10
f
B90
4M
10.8
OJ
9.B
0.6
8.9D
8.10
.88
.oa
.09
so
«
00
Mil
ION
l^
a
843
SS8
:
44S
430
i
9 10.1
1 63.8
1 40.1
1 44.7
9
»
40
M
w
18 39
nai
lew
Uft
Si
S.1
S.8
;
890
:
JIB
.80
90
194.4
Ml
.MS
.1194
.Ma
h
198.1
193.0
:
84S
li
i
1 e.0
^
.149
.139
•IM
1851.]
SJN'S MSALLAX Df ALTITVDIC
^
Tabl^of R^aeHonSf c&nHnued.
73
■
••J
o
43
43
44
45
46
47
48
48
60
51
53
63
54
//
3.16
3X9
3.03
1J5
1X8
1X1
1.75
1X9
1X3
1.56
1X3
1.47
1.41
2.
1
i^
.180
.136
.130
.116
.113
.108
.104
.101
X07
X04
.090
X88
X85
i
t
o
55
56
57
58
50
60
61
63
68
64
66
66
^4
+
1
n
.063
X79
X76
X78
X70
X67
X65
.063
.060
.057
X65
X63
i
1
o
67
68
60
70
71
73
73
74
75
76
77
78
II
34.7
SBX
33.4
31X
19X
18X
17.7
16X
15.6
14.4
13.4
13X
+
r
o
1
1^
1
o
79
80
8]
83
83
84
0$§
+
r
o
1
tig
5
f 0/
1 4.C
1 ftA
1 cs
58.1
56.1
64.3
u
40X
89X
S7X
86.4
85.0
88.6
1X6
1X1
1.36
1X3
1.17
1.13
JBi
.79
.75
.71
X7
.68
.59
.56
X3
.48
.46
.41
H
X60
X47
X45
X43
.040
.088
X86
X33
X31
.039
.037
X35
a
IIX
lOX
9X
8X
7.1
6.1
M
X8
X4
XI
X7
X4
XO
#
X9B
991
X16
X16
X14
X13
53^
50.5
48.8
47.1
45.4
43.6
43.3
33X
31.0
39.7
38.4
37.3
35X
1X8
1X4
X9
X6
XI
X7
85
86
87
88
89
90
5.1
4.1
8.1
9X
LO
OX
.17
.14
.10
X7
X8
XO
XIO
X06
X06
X04
xoa
xoo
The correction for an increase of altitude of one inch in the barometer,
or for a depreBBion of one degree in the thermometer, is to be added to the
tabular refraction \ but when the barometer is lower than 80 inches, or the
thermometer higher than 47 de^es, the correction becomes #iiA<ract»«e.
When creat accuracy is required, 0.003 inch should be deducted from the
observed neight of the barometer for each degree that the thermometer
near it is ahove 50 degrees, and the same quantity added ibr an equal
depreauon.
A TdbU of the SwCs Parallax fn AUUude,
Sun's
Aitit
Sun's Horizontal Parallax.
Sun's
Aitit
Sun's Horizontal Parallax.
o
8.4
II
8.5
a
8X
II
8.7
u
8X '
o
45
8.4
u
8.6
8.6
n
8.7
H
8X
8.40
8X0
8.60
8.70
8X0
5X4
6X1
6.08
6.15
6.33
5
8X7
8.47
8.67
8.67
8.77
50
5.40
5.46
5.53
6.59
5.66
10
8.37
8.37
8.47
8.ff7
8.67
55
4X3
4.88
4X8
4X9
6.05
15
8.11
8X1
8X1
8.40
8.50
60
4.30
4X5
4X0
4X5
4.40
30
7X9
7.99
8.08
8.18
8.97
65
3X6
3.59
8X8
8.68
8.T3
35
7X1
7.70
7.79
7.88
7X6
70
3.87
3.91
3X4
3.96
8X1
30
7.38
7.36
7.45
7.63
7.63
75
3.17
3X0
3X3
3.35
3X8
35
6X8
6X6
7X4
7.13
7.31
80
1.46
1.48
1.49
1.51
1X3
40
6.44
6.51
6.59
6.66
6.74
85
0.73
0.74
0.75
0.76
0.77
45
5X4
6X1
6X8
6.15
6.33
90
0.00
0X0
0.00
0.00
0X0
Logarithm for converting Sidereal into Mean Solar Time 4- 9.9088126.
'« «« «« Mean Solar into Sidereal Time -f 0.0011874.
A second of time at the Equator contains 1521 feet
7
74 ANIMAL KLECTBICITY. [1861.
ANIMAL ELECTRICITY.
By Professor Joseph Lovsring.
On account of the close relations, not to say the actual identity, of elec-
tricity and magnetism, let no one confound the subject of Animal Electri-
city, as expounded in physical science, with that of Animal Magnetism.
Of Animal Magnetism we know little, and hafve still less to say. Animal
Electricity is a branch of inductiye science to which large contributions
have been made within the last twenty years. Our plan is to consider,
first) that class of animals in which there are distinct electrical organs, and
an electrical lobe in the brain to control them ; secondly, that animal current
which depends on the general organization, as in the frog; and thirdly, the
muscular current.
I. Animals with distinct Electrical Organs, — This peculiarity is confined
exclusively to fishes. There are five different kinds of fishes which pos-
sess the remarkable power, even in their normal state, of originating elec-
trical currents. They are known by the names of the torpedo, or electric
ray, the gymnotus, or electric eel, the Silurus electricus, Tetrodon electricus,
and the Trichiurus electricus. The torpedo and gymnotus have been
studied with particular attention. The Silurus electricus is described and'
delineated by Broussonet,* under the name of trembleury and more recently
by Rudolphi and MQller. The other two are less known. The reader
who desires to pursue the study of these fishes will find valuable references
in the notes to the chapter on animal electricity, in [Bird's Elements of
Natural Philosophy. We shall confine our remarks to the torpedo and the
gymnotus.
The torpedo, a member of the ray fiimily, inhabits the Mediterranean,
the North Sea, the waters which wash the coast of France, and is occasion-
ally found on the Atlantic coast of America, in the neighbourhood of Cape
Cod and Martha's Vineyard. It is common in the markets of Rome, and
is eaten by the poorer classes. The numbness or shock which this fish is
capable of producing in those who touch it has been long known. Aris-
totle and Pliny describe it in their Natural Histories. On account of this
power it is vulgarly called the trembler and the magician-fish. Before the
discovery of the Leyden jar, it was supposed, to account for the benumb-
ing power of the torpedo, that it sent forth prickly particles, or that it
struck like a bent spring, or like a body in very rapid vibration. Steffano
Lorenzini, who, with Redi, first studied the torpedo anatomically, published
his observations on it in 1678.t He says, — " The chief wonder of this
animal, and that which gives it its name, is the benumbing faculty which is
seated in the two semicircular or falcated muscles on each side of the
* Hiat. de I'Acad. des Sciences, 1732.
t Osservazioni intorno alle Torpedinl, fatte de StefTano Lorenzini Fiorentino. FirenzAi
1673. An English translation was published ai London, in 1705.
1851.] ANIMAL ELECTRICITY. 75
thorax, which consists of fibres, irregular, but as large as a gooee-quill, and
made up of bladders filled with a kind of water; one end of these fibres
being fixed to the skin of the bellj, and the other to that of the back, on
which may be plainly seen the vestigia of the fibres* ends. Now, when the
fish contracts those fibres, there issue out corpuscles, fitted to the pores oft
man's skin, so as to enter upon immediate contact, but not otherwise, and
disturb the posture of the parts, and to cause pain as when one's elbow it
hit or knocked, and this comes most by the fingers* ends, because these are
ends of tendons. And this pain is more or less, as the contraction of the
. fibres have emitted more or less.** M usschenbroek, who, with Cuneus and
Kleist, invented the Leyden jar in 1700, at once recognized the analogy
in the shocks of this electrical vial and of one of the electrical fishes.
In 1773, Walsh * published a letter addressed to Franklin, which giyea
an account of some experiments made on the torpedo at La Rochelle and
the Isle of R6. At this time the phenomena of friction-electricity were
well known, and Walsh perceived and asserted the electrical character of
the powers of the torpedo. By his experiments he discovered that the
shock could be given through electrical conductors, but not through non-
conductors. He proved the difierent electrical states of the breast and
back of the fish, and showed that a connection between the upper and lower
sarfiices of the body is necessary in order to obtain the best shock, and that
the shock, when the fish was in air, was four times as strong as when it
was in water. Walsh concludes his letter in these words : — *' I rejoice in
addressing these communications to you. He who predicted and showed
that electricity wings the formidable bolt of the atmosphere, will hear with
attention that in the deep it speeds a humbler bolt, silent and invisible.
He who analyzed the electrified phial will hear with pleasure that its laws
prevail U^mimal phials. He who by reason became an electrician will
hear with reverence of an instinctive electrician, gifted in its birth with t
wonderful apparatus, and with skill to use it**
In the same year, John Hunter t made, at the request of Walsh, an
anatomical examination of the torpedo. Hunter found that two sets of
electrical organs run along the length of the body. Each set consists of
plates amounting, in one case, to 1182. These organs appear to be under
the control of the will. Hunter observed that the nerves connected with
these organs are larger than any except those on which the important sense
of seeing depends, or which are associated with great muscular action. He
found that the electrical organs were not essential to any of the purposes of
life except the preservation of the electrical power. In all other respects
the animal thrives as well if the electrical organ is cut out. In 1775, t
Ingenhouz published some account of the torpedoes caught by him near Leg-
horn, twenty miles from the shore. He gave aLeydep shock to the sailors,
who at once declared its resemblance to those with which they were more
* PhiL Trans., 1773. See, al«o, Borelll, De Motu Animallum.
t PhiL Traiw., 1773. I PhiL Trans., 1775.
76 AHlUAh UACTRICITT. [1861«
fiuniliar from the torpedo. Ingenhouz remarks, that these torpedoes did no
harm to the other fishes. All were thrown into one common vessel. It
was also noticed, as soon] as galvanism was discovered, that the shock
of the torpedo bore a closer analogy to that of the galvanic battery than to
the Leyden shock. In 1776, Cavendish made a successful attempt to coun-
terfeit the shock of the torpedo by arranging a very large number of jars of
ihin glass slightly charged with friction-electricity.
In 1815, Sir Humphrey Davy * made some experiments on the torpedo
at the Bay of Naples, Rimini, and Trieste. In 1828, being at Rome, he re-
newed his researches. But they were directed to the anatomical structure
of the animal, and not so much to the study of the electrical character of
the shock. However, he made an unsuccessful attempt to produce chemi-
cal decomposition^ and obtain a spark by means of animal electricity. He
also failed to repeat with the animal current Oersted's experiment of mag-
netic deflection.
Down to this late period, the science of animal electricity was confined
chiefly t to the simple physiological effect, — the shock. So fitr as relates
to the torpedo, all agree that the shock is very great. Kaempfer, in 1712,
compared it to lightning. Fishermen, when they wish to describe its
power, say that it kills pollards, which are very hardy and tenacious of
life. After the fishermen have drawn their nets into the boat, they throw
water on the contents, and, if there are any torpedoes within, they ieel their
shock through the stream of water. Sometimes the shock is received
through the wet cordage before the net is drawn in. The shock of a vigor-
ous torpedo, fourteen inches long, is enough for one man. Matteucci com-
pares the shock to that received from a galvanic battery of 100 or 150
elements charged with salt water. These shocks can be repeated with
great rapidity. A dying torpedo gave 316 in seven minutes. The later
ones are like those which come from a smaller number of galvanic ele-
ments. For the full efiect it is best to use wires soldered to plates of
metal. These plates are placed like saddles on the back and belly of the
animal. Linari, by employing the electro-magnetic balance of Becquerel»
measured the intensity of the discharge, and found that it exceeded that of
nine jars, each having ninety-four square inches of armed surface.
In 1831-2, Dr. John Davy,t while at Malta, made numerous experi-
ments on the living torpedo, and obtained the most conclusive evidence of
the electrical character of the discharge. 1. With a fish only six inches
long he magnetized a steel needle which was placed inside a coil of wire.
2. He defleoted the galvanometer. 3. He produced chemical decomposi-
tion of common salt, acetate of lead, and nitrate of silver.§ By all these
♦ Phil. TraAfl., 1829. *
t Valll, Aldini, and Humboldt connected nerve and maade bj long electrical condactors.
X PhiL Tnns., 1832.
I Aldini mid, " For my part, I entertain no doubt that, after rapeated trials, it may be
affected by means of ^rgs animals poaseaafaig a great abundancs of animal electricity."
Galvanism} p. 45.
1851. J A.NIMAL ELECTRICITY. Tt
experiments it appears that the npper snrface corresponds to the positiTV
end of a battery. At this time, Davy failed to obtain any sign of the spark
or of electric tension. He sent the discharge throagh a silver wire only
xsbo of an inch in diameter without sensibly heating it. Faraday,* in his
third series of researches, suggested that the evolution of heat by the tor-
pedo would probably' be observed if Harrises electrometer were used. In
1834, Davy made use of an instrument similar to that described by Harris,!
and succeeded in heating the wire sensibly, even with the least energetic
specimens of the torpedo. He was able to warm a fine platinum wire, but
could produce no ignition, even in the dark. Davy took occasion to make
some interesting observations on the habits and anatomical structure of the
torpedo. He says he was never able to see in the fresh fish what Hunter
likens to a regular voltaic arrangement of plates or cells, though he fancied
he detected some approach to it in preserved specimens, afler the animal
matter had been deposited. Sometimes the whole fish weighed only 410
grains, and the electrical organs 150 grains, and yet it gave shocks, made
magnets, deflected the galvanometer, and decomposed water. It was
Davy*s opinion that the novel power of the torpedo was not given so much
as a means of procuring food as of defending itself from attacks, since the
young animals had the largest share of it. Davy kept a nursery of torpe-
does under his own eyes, and sometimes these fishes were examined as
soon as they were born, and the first act of their lives was to magnetize
needles and produce the other changes due to electricity. Some were kept
fbr five months in salt water, which was renewed every day. They eat
nothing, though small fish, dead and alive, were offered to them. At death
their stomachs were found empty, and yet their electrical energies had
been on the increase. When old fish were tried, a few shocks exhausted
them, and they soon died. Small, puny, delicate fishes were always more
powerful in their electric organs than fat ones of the same age. Davy
thinks the failure of his distinguished brother to anticipate him in his eluci-
dation of the electrical character of the torpedo's peculiar gifts is attributable
to his use of large specimens. Dr. Davy observes that the gastric nerves
are derived from the electrical nerves, and suggests that the superfluous
electricity not required fbr the purposes of defence goes to help the diges-
tion. He remarks, that animal electricity, like animal heat, animal light,
and animal secretions generally, appears to be a result dependent on living
functions. He was able to produce no electrical excitement in the fish
after death. He thinks that fHction, chemical action, or changes of form
and temperature, are not concerned in its production.
Dr. Davy in his last paper discusses the mode of generation of the tor-
pedo, in regard to which opinions are discordant. Aristotle makes the
torpedo viviparous. Lorenzini, to whom we have referred before, does the
same. On the contrary, Blumenbach and Cuvier rank it among oviparous
animals. Analogy was in favor of the latter view, and observation was not
* Phil. Trans., 1833. t Phil. Trans., 1827 ; see, also, 18ia
7S ANUUli SUBCTEICITT. [186l»
easy* Dayy waited twelve montha, eren at Malta, before be coald pro-
cure a pregnant torpedo, though he offered the fishermen fifteen times the
market price. Davy decides firom his own knowledge against the opinion
of Cuvier. He allows, however, that the torpedo may not be Tiviparoas,
but between that and ovoviviparous.
These valuable researches of Davy were rapidly succeeded by those of
Becquerel and Breschet, in 1835. To the former we are indebted for the
means of measuring exactly the force of the current, and determining its
direction, and thus bringing animal electricity into the ranks of the exact
sciences. In 1836, Matteucoi conceived the idea of applying to the torpedo
the apparatus of Faradi^ for induced secondary currents, in order to ob-^
tain the spark. He made this idea known to Linari,and suggested certain
modifications in the experiment. In the same year, Linari caused the tor*
pedo to discharge through a long coil of wire, inclosing a bar of soft iron,
and thus showed the spark, if not from the animal current itself, at least
from the secondary one induced by it. He repeated Davy's experiment on
the calorific effect of the discharge, substituting, however, fi>r Harris's elec-
trometer a thermo-electric couple. Finally, indications of electrical ten-
sion were obtained by placing the torpedo between two disks of metal, each
of which carried a rod with a ball at the end. When the two balls were
close together, pieces of gold-leaf placed on them mutually approached,
and on touching were burned. This was the first deflagration produced by
the torpedo.
Still more recently, very careful investigations in regard to the electrical
powers of the torpedo have been conducted by Matteucci, who has done so
much to illustrate the whole subject of animal electricity. His instruments
were a magnetic galvanometer, with 600 turns of wire in the multiplier;
a frog prepared in the ordinary way for galvanic experiments, and also
what he calls a galvanoacopic firog. This is one half of a frog placed in a
glass tube, by which it can be held insulated from the hand, with the
threads of the nerves, through which the electrical current to be examined
is sent, hanging outside. To prevent confusion, Matteucci destroyed one of
the electrical organs, and experimented on the other. Thus furnished, he
succeeded in demonstrating not only that the back of the torpedo was gener-
ally positive to the belly, but also that the parts of the back above the
nerves which go to the electrical organs are positive with respect to the
rest of the dorsal surface, and that places corresponding to these on the
ventral side are negative to each other. Long before, Humboldt* and Al-
dini t had stated that a shock was received firom the torpedo when one sur-
face only was touched. Professor J. Wyman made a similar observation in
regard to one on exhibition at the Boston Museum, in 1845 ; namely, that a
shock was felt if one hand alone was dipped in the water which surrounded
the fish, though both water and fish were in a glass vessel. The solution
— ■ .. , ■ .. ., ' / — ■ , ..
• Ann. de Gh., XI. 430.
t An Account of the lata Improvements in GalranUm, Sk., p. 31.
1851*] ANIMAL BLBOTBICnnr. 79
wUch Dr. Davy gave of Uiese ftets was this. When tlie biad touchei
only one side of the torpedo, tbe fish twists its body so as to bring the
otber surface also into eontact. As this artifice was noticed in the fbstal
fish, he thought it instinotive. Matteooci's researches render this theory of
Davy superfluous. Aceordii^ to them we should expect a shock, of greater
or leas Tiolence, whether we touch both organs, or opposite sides of the
same oigan, or different points of the same side. Matteucci made incis-
ions into the organ parallel to the flat sides of the fish, and, introducing
his wires, he disooTM«d that that incision was positive which was nearest
the baek. The extraordinary diffusion of the electric fiwee of the torpedo
appears by this experiment. Matteucci held one so as just to touch the
surfiuse of salt water which filled a vessel six feet square, when he ob-
served that a flrog in the remotest part of the vessel was affected by the
shock. This result is beyond the power of a very stroi^ galvanic battery*
Matteucci maintains that the animal discharges when it wishes, but not
iphere it wishes. When it is vigorous, a shock is felt wherever you touch
it. As its electrical powers decay, they become more centralized around
the electrical organs. This wss proved by covering the torpedo with frogsi
and seeing which were most disturbed.
Matteucci had imagined that he detected the signal for a discharge when
the fish drew back its eyes. Davy, however, was not able to perceive that
the electrical fishes of the Mediterranean, at least, betrayed their intentions
by any such hint. The movements in the body of the torpedo, even when
it gives its shocks, though occasionally great, are often not perceptible.
Matteucei put one into a vessel filled with water ; he placed a cover over
the top, into which was inserted a fine tube. Wires were passed into the
vessel to instate the animal, and a frog was introduced to make sure that
the torpedo discharged, and yet the level of the liquid in the tube did not
alter. Hence it was inferred, that it was possible ibr the torpedo to give
its shocks without any sensible alteratioa of its volume.
Matleaeci sums up his conclusions in regard to the nature of the torpe-
do's peculiar powers in the following language : — *< When we reflect, -—
1. that no trace of firee electricity is found in the organ unless it discharges;
2. that we can destrc^ the skin, the musolcp, the cartilage wluch surrounds
the organ, and even a part of the substance of the organ, without destroying
or diminishing the discharge; 3. that narcotic poisons produce violent
electrical discharges ; 4. that irritation of the electrical lobe of the brain
does the same, even when the animal has seemed dead ibr some time ; 5.^
that the action of this electrical lobe continues aftw it is separated from all
the superior lobes, and firom the spinal marrow; 6. that the irritation of
the superior lobes, or of the spinal marrow, has no effect ; 7. that strong
muscular eoatractioos are observed in the parts which surround the organ,
without any discharge oeeurring ; 8. that this discharge is produced by irri-
tating the nervous trunks which ramify into the organ, even when these
trunks are separated from the brain ; 9. that the wounding of the electrical
80 ANIMAL ELECTRICITY. [1861.
lobe not only produces the diieharge, but Bometimei alten its direction ; 10.
that an electrical current acts upon the nerves of the organ to make it di»-
charge according to particular laws; we must conclude, — 1. that the elec-
trical discbarge of the torpedo and its direction depend on the will of the
torpedo, which, for this fbnction, has its seat in the electrical lobe of the
brain ; 2. that it comes from the electrical organs so called at the bid of the
will ; 3. that every foreign disturbance which influences the discharge is
transmitted by the nerves from the point influenced to the electrical lobe of
the brain ; 4. that every irritation of the fourth or electrical lobe produces
no other phenomena than the electric discharge ; 5. that the electrical cur-
rent acting upon this electrical lobe produces only electrical discharge, and
its action continues longer than that of any other stimulant ; 6. that all the
circumstances which act upon the function of the electrical organs act upon
the function of the muscles, that id, upon the contractions."
Some philosophers suppose that there are four species of the torpedo in
the Mediterranean. Dr. Davy, however, thinks there are but two; — 1.
the spotted ; 2. the unspotted. He further states, that the torpedo is irregu-
lar in its visits to shallow waters. Still, a fisherman can generally furnish
the experimenter in the course of two or three weeks. Dr. Storer pub-
lished, in 1843/ an interesting account of a torpedo, four feet two inches in
length, which was captured the year before, near Wellfleet. In 1839, in
his Report on the Fishes of Massachusetts, he mentions the fact, that a fish
called the cramp-fish, or numb-fish, was sometimes found in the neighbour-
hood of Cape Cod. Mitchell, also, in his description of the fishes of New
York, t alludes to a torpedo as known to the fishermen in the neighbour-
hood, and belonging, as he thought, to the European species. But neither
Mitchell nor Storer had yet seen one, nor is it known that the American
torpedo had been examined by any scientific man previous to 1842. Dr.
Storer compares his specimen with one caught on the Irish coast, and
described by William Thompson, of Belfast, in the Annals of Natural His-
tory, under the name of Torpedo nobiliana. He concludes firom this
comparison, that the American species is new, and proposes to call it Torpe-
do occidentalis. The electrical organs of the Wellfleet torpedo were dis-
sected by Professor J. Wyman, and an accurate delineation of them accom-
panies the communication of Dr. Storer. The masses of nerves which are
connected on each side with the electrical organs are very large, larger even
than the spinal marrow. Dr. Storer has published part of a letter from a
fisherman in Provincetown, who has been familiar with these waters for
twenty-five years. He says, that when he first came there, in 1819, the
electrical fish was not uncommon, from sixty to eighty being found every
year. But of late they have been very scarce, and not more than thirty
have been captured for the last ten years. The smallest never weigh less
than 20 pounds, and the largest weigh 200 pounds. From a pint to three
gallons of oil is taken from the liver. Sometimes the shock has been felt
'C Smimaa'8 Journal, XLY. t 1815.
1851.] ANIMAL EJUECTRICITT. \ 81
at tbe distance of eigkt or ten feet from the fish along the harpoon to the
hand that held it ; at other times, it has been sufficient if the hand touched
tbe rope only. The shock is described as producing the sensation of
being struck upon tbe head with an ^e.
The gjrmnotos was first described in 1677, by Richer, who went with a
scientific commission from the French government to Cayenne. This fish
is a native of the warm parts of America and Africa. It is found in the
large fresh-water riyers. In Afirica it is confined chiefly to the branches of
the Senegal. In America it is taken in Surinam, and in all the small rivers
which flow into the Orinoco in Guiana. It is often four or five feet long.
In 1775, Mr. Hygh Williamson published an account of one of these fishes,
which had been brought from Guiana to Philadelphia by a seafiiring man.*
It was three feet long ; killed small fish by its sho<)k, and then eat them.
The shock was easily given to eight or ten persons at a time, holding each
other by tbe hand. In the same year, Alexander Gordon,t of Charleston,
S. C, described some experiments made on another specimen which was
brought from Surinam, and measured three feet eight inches. Also in the
same year. Hunter \ gavo the anatomy of the gymnotus from specimens
fiurnished by Walsh. This fish, from its rude resemblance to the common
eel, is popularly called the electrical^el'^ ichthyologists, however, do not
place it even in the same genus of fishes. The electrical organs of the
gymnotus are double, and extend on each side from the head to tbe tail.
They are supplied with 224 pairs of intercostal nerves. These organs are
divided by horizontal membranes, and then again by transverse ones. The
included spaces are filled with a fluid. Humboldt, in one of his works, §
gives aa interesting description of the gymnotus as found in the rivers and
lakes of Venezuela and Caraccas. He says,|| that an old road near Uritucu
has been abandoned on account of the danger of fording. The mules even,
are paralyzed by the shock, and are drowned. Anglers sometimes receive
a stroke along their rod and line, though the former is six feet long. The
Indians have such a dreaH of these shocks, that Humboldt found it difficult
to procure specimens enough for experiment. He gives the following
lively description of the manner of capturing the gymnotus at Calobozo, by
first sending horses and mules into the water to take the edge off from the
electrical weapons of the .fish : —
*^ About thirty horses and mules were quickly collected from the adja-
cent savannas, where they run wild, being only valued at seven shillings
a head, when their owner happens to be known. These the Indians hem
on all sides, and drive into the marsh ; then, pressing to the edge of the
water, or climbing along the extended branches of the trees, armed with
long bamboos or harpoons, they, with loud cries, push the animals forward,
and prevent their retreat. The gymnoti, roused from their slumbers by
this noise and tumult, mount near the sur&ce, and swimming like so many
* Phil. Trana., 1776. t Phil. Trans., 1775. I Phil. Trans., 1775.
» TkUMn Physiqod des R«g. fiqust., a 176. || Penonal Namtlve, Ch. XVn.
8d AKIMAL ELECTRICITT. [1851.
livid water serpents, briskly pursae the intruders, and, gliding under their
bellies, discbarge through them the most* violent and repeated shocks.
The horses, convulsed and terrified, their mane erect, and their ejes staring
with pain and anguish, make unavailing struggles to escape. In less than
five minutes, two of them sunk under the water and were drowned. Vic-
tory seemed to declare for the electric eels. But their activity now began
to relax. Fatigued by such expense of nervous energy, they shot their
electric discharges with less fi^uency and effect. The surviving horses
gradually recovered from the shocks, apd became more composed and
vigorous. In a quarter of an hour, the gymnoti finally retired fi^m the con-
test, and in such a state of languor and complete exhaustion, that they were
easily dragged on shore, by help of small harpoons fastened to cords.
This very singular plan of obtaining the electric eel is, in allusion to the
mode of catching fish by means of the infusion of narcotic plants, termed
embarbasear eon eavallosj or poisoning with horses."
Humboldt discovered that the gymnotus suffered firom too firee an exer-
tion of its electrical powers, but that it recovered its strength by repose and
abundant nourishment. He infers that the electrical function is propor-
tional to the activity of respiration ^d nutrition, inasmuch as the animal
is more vigorous when the water in which it is kept is firequently changed.
The strongest shocks are obtained when the animal is irritated in the lips,
eyes, or the skin near the gills. The same is true of the torpedo. The dis-
charge is sometimes accompanied by very strong muscular movement ; at
other times, the fish gives no such warning. Humboldt states, that he
often knew it to produce its shocks while wholly at rest, while at other
times it has beat against him, winding its body around his own like a ser-
pent, without making any electrical discharge. He believes that the
electrical power is under the control of the fish, both as to when it will dis-
cbarge, and fi'om what parts of its body, the shock being given from those
places which are irritated. Matteucci maintains, on the contrary, that the
latter phenomenon is only apparent. When the brain is taken out of the
animal, the irritation of the spinal marrow does not provoke a discharge.
In 1838, a young gymnotus was brought from one of the tributaries of the
Amazon to Paris, and afterwards exhibited in London. It was said at the
time to be the only one of its kind in Europe. Faraday subjected it to ex-
periment, and showed that the anterior parts are positive, and the posterior
parts are negative ; and that any part is positive with respect to another
part nearer the tail. With this fish Faraday was able to repeat Linari's
experiment, and obtain the spark. For this purpose it was necessary to
make it discharge through an electro-magnetic coil. With it Faraday per-
formed a beautiful experiment of deflagration upon silver paper. Notwith-
standing this success with the secondary current, the old doubt still lingers
over the statement of Humboldt and Leslie, both of whom assert that
Walsh and Ingenhouz obtained a spark by the direct current. The author-
ity for this assertion is wanting. The gymnotus of which we have been
1851.J ANIMAL iXECTRIClTY. 83
speaking was able by its shock to stupefy small fish at a distance of two
feet. It always prepared its food in this way. Faraday thought that it
could adapt the strength of the shock to the emergency, by curving more or
less round the body it wished to attack. Once, when a live fish, five inches
long, was thrown in to it, it bent its body into a semicircle of which its
prey was the diameter. This gymnotus could give a shock equal to that of
fifteen Leyden bottles, which contained 3500 square inches of charged sur-
fiice. It could repeat its electrical blows with great rapidity. But it must
be irritated before it would exert itself. When it was touched by good
conductors, it would give frequenf discharges ; otherwise, but few. When,
by mistake, it discharged through a poor conductor, its own body we may
suppose carried most of the current, and was the greatest sufferer. Like
other doctors, it did not appear to be fond of its own medicine. It is not by
chance, therefore, that all animals with distinct electrical organs are fishes.
They can easily send their discharge by water, but if they attempt to send
it through the air, the shock recoils on themselves. Daniells gives an ac-
count of a gymnotus which perished ignobly under the attacks of a water-
rat. The fur of the rat resisted the moisture, and thus covered the animal
with a non-conducting panoply, which effectually shielded it from the
electrical blows of its antagonist.
II. Jinimal Electricity of the Frog. — The history of this department of
animal electricity is intimately associated with that of galvanism. Mat-
teucci assures us that the recent publication, by the Institute of Bologna, of
the memoirs and manuscripts of Galvani, presents his scientific character
io a new light. All are familiar with the story of the frogs which Galvani
had prepared for a broth to be administered to his sick Lucia, and the con-
tractions which he observed in them when a spark was drawn from an
electrical machine in the neighbourhood. And who has not heard the
other story of the frogs hanging from the balcony, and exhibiting contrac-
tions from the accidental contact of two metals. Those who delight to be
surprised in science will believe that one of these observations suggested
the irritability of the frog, and the other its power of developing an animal
current of electricity. However this may be, it is common to refer the
date of Galvani*s discovery to the publication of '*De Viribus Electricitatis,"
in 1791. The records of the Academy of Bologna, sigued by the celebrated
Secretary Cantezzani, show that Galvani had been engaged for twenty
years before this publication in experiments on the muscular contractions
of frogs, and on the effect of opium upon their nerves. For five years he
had been acquainted experimentally with the voltaic arc of metals.
All know the conclusions which Galvani drew from his experiments and
observations, and bis clear announcement of an independent source of
electricity in animals, particularly frogs. It is with surprise that we hear
him declare that the current flows in the firog from the muscle to the nerve.
For in the absence of the galvanometers, so common now, it is not possi-
ble to see how he was able to determine the direction of the current, unless
be reasoned from some peculiarity in the animal contractions, according as
84 " AMIMAL ELECTRICITT. [1851.
the current flows in the direction of the ramification of tne nerres, or oppo-
site to it. We have the authority of Matteucci for declaring that the re-
searches of Galvani were made with great skill, and that his conclusions in
regard to the animal electricity of the firog have been confirmed and ex-
tended by recent investigations. The scientific world, however, were ab-
sorbed at the time in the pursuit of voltaic electricity, and concluded with
too great haste, that, because Volta's view was proved, that of Galvani had
been disproved. Half a century passed away befi>re men were recalled
from this brilliant chase, and were able^to understand that two new and
independent sources of electricity had been discovered simultaneously, the
adoption of one of which did not require or justify the rejection of the
other. For a few years Galvani did not stand wholly alone. In 1799,
A. de Humboldt * published his experiments on various animals and bis
own body, among which was that most remarkable one of convulsing one
frog by the current of another frog. This experiment, as well as that of
Galvani, in which, without any metal, the same frog developed and indi-
cated the current, was sufiScient to prove the reality of an animal or ner-
vous current. In 1792, Valli wrote his letters on animal electricity. Al-
dini, the nephew of Gkilvani, espoused with zeal the cause of his uncle,
and lectured and experimented on animal electricity, not without success,
before the commissioners of the French Institute, and in the anatomical
theatres of London. An account of these demonstrations was published in
London, in 1803.t Still, no permanent and general impression was
produced, and for many years animal electricity was not mentioned, ex-
cept to illustrate the failure of Galvani and the triumph of Yolta. In
1^7, Nobili, t who had imparted increased delicacy to the galvanometer
by his suggestion of an astatic needle, joined one end of the wire to the
lumbar nerves of the frog, and the other end to the legs, and obtained from
the animal current a deflection amounting sometimes to 90**. This experi-
ment showed conclusively that the current flowed in the animal from the
feet to the head, that is, from the legs or muscle to the nerve. Nobili fbund
that the power lasted some hours, and might be increased by connecting
several frogs together in the same order as tlje zinc and copper plates of a
voltaic battery. When the needle moves, the frog contracts ; by which it
is proved that the frog both generates and indicates a current. Moreover,
the electro-magnetic efiect furnishes convincing proof that the force which
originates in the frog is electrical, and that the muscular contraction of the
frog is the efiect of an electrical current. Wilkinson § mentions an experi-
ment of Valli, who united fourteen frogs on the plan of a qvantity battery,
and thus succeeded in showing the electrical tension by nieans of a straw-
leaf electrometer. A result so disproportioned to the agency which pro-
duced it requires the confirmation of oft-repeated experiment.
* Ezperimeots oa GalTanum, and in Qeoanl on the IrriUUioa of the Muecular and Nenroae
Fibres,
t An Account of the late Improrementa In Galvanism.
X Bib. Unir.
I Elements of Galvanism.
1851.] ANIMAL SLSCTRIOITY. 85
Animal electricity, in all its ibrros, has been a fiiTorite branch of study
with the Italian philosophers. Matteucci, whose name we have had al-
ready frequent occasion to metition, has made very elaborate researches
into the most delicate parts of the subject, the results of which were pub-
lished in 1844.* He experimented on frogs singly and in battery, dead and
alive. His batteries were arranged as in Volta's ^ Crown of Cups.*' Some
of his ezperiroentB were repeated a hundred times. Matteucci maintained
a corps of assistants, whose business it was to scour the country and bring
in subjects. His inquiries aimed particularly to ascertain what parts of the
animal were essential to the frog-current, and what were the physiological
and anatomical conditions of its activity. He finds that each half of the
frog is an electromotor by itself, and that it deflects the galvanometer as
much as the whole frog. Indeed, a dozen frogs produced no more de-
flection than half of a single one, provided all the nerves were placed in one
vessel, and all the legs in the other. More electricity might circulate, but
no more passed through the wires of the galvanometer, as the current
evolved by each element was partially conducted away by the closed circuits
it found in all the rest. The frog-current retains its direction and intensity,
even afler the spinal marrow, the spinal and crural nerves, and all the visi-
ble nervous filaments of the muscular matter of the thigh, have been re-
moved. A battery of legs is as efficacious as a battery of whole frogs, and
the direction of the current is the same, namely, from foot to head. A battery
of the thighs alone gives a feeble current. In the leg battery the current
is improved in strength, but not in duration, by removing the tendon
Thus it appears that the electromotive element of the frog-current is re-
duced to the muscles of the leg and thigh united organically. In all these
comparisons of different kinds of batteries together, Matteucci arranged the
two to be compared in a single series, the order of one being opposite to
that of the other, and he judged from the direction of the differential cur-
rent which of the two was the strongest. To make sure that the absence
of any differential current (when such was the fact) arose from the equality
of the two antagonistic currents, and n6t from the feebleness of both, Mat-
teucci repeated the experiment, afler having added an element in excess to
one of the batteries. When this was done, he always had unequivocal signs
of a differential current. To measure and indicate the current, Matteucci
used, in succession, the needle-galvanometer and the galvanoscopic frog.
The current is injured if the frogs are put in hydrogen, receive nnx
vomica, or bleed to death. If one of two equal batteries is exposed to oxy-
gen or carbonic gas, and the other not, there is no differential current. If
one is immersed in boiling water, and the other not, there is a differential
current in favor of the cold battery. In these last experiments, it is not
'■■ " ■■■ I I • • I I i^^-»— «■ .111 I III! II. -. „^^^^ .1.1^
* Traits des Ph^nom&nes EiecUo-physiologique des AnUnaux, par C. Matteucci ; suivi
d'^tudes Anatomiques sur le System Nerveuz et sur I'Orgaae Electrique de la Torpille, par
Paul Sari. Paris, 1844. See, also, four papers on the Muscular Current, ia Phil. Trans.,
1846, &c.
8
80 ANIMAL KLSCTRIOITT. [1851.
safe to •mploy the galvanoscopic frog, because the difierenoe of exposure,
though it does not affect the electromotive force, may change the sensibility
of the nerve as a galvanoscope.
The contractions of the living frog are not of long duration. But tliey
reappear when it is killed. Sometimes they are exhibited after death, when
they were not before. Generally, the current ceases ten or fifteen minutes
after death ; seldom does it last half an hour. When it has gone, it may be
restored again by cutting the spinal marrow. Nobili had inferred from his
experiments that no current flows when two frogs are united so that nerve
touches nerve and muscle touches muscle. He supposed the case the same
as when two pairs of voltaic plates are combined so that copper is in con-
tact with copper, and zinc with zinc Matteucci found, however, that
there was some differential current, unless symmetrical parts of the two
frogs were in contact.
The animal-current which we have been considering differs from that of
the torpedo, gymnotus, &c., chiefly in its origin. It cannot, like the other,
be traced to any distinct electrical organs. Matteucci was never able to find
this peculiar frog-current in any other kind of animal, not even in those
most nearly related to the frog, as the salamander, eel, or tortoise. Two
views have been broached in regard to its origin. 1. The first regards it as
a kind of thermo-electric current, arising from a difference in the tempera-
ture of the nerve and muscle, — a difference which is caused by the un-
equal evaporation from these two parts. The frog-current, however, does not
resemble the thermo-electric current. It has more intensity comparatively ;
it shows itself to best advantage with a galvanometer wl^ich contains many
turns of wire ', it traverses a thick layer of liquid ; it is produced also by the
contact of muscle and muscle, and even when the animal parts are plunged
in water. 2. The other view identifies the animal-current with the electro-
chemical action. It supposes the frog's legs to be charged with salts or
alkali, while the thigh or the lumbar nerve contains acid or salt water*
But no chemical analysis supports these assumptions. Nor could we ex-
plain by them the existence of the current in the leg alone, its short dura-
tion, or the influence exerted on its activity by cold, gases, and inflamma-
tion.
III. Muscular Current. — Matteucci calls that current we have been dis-
cussing the proper current of the frog, to distinguish it from the muscular
current, which is derived not only from the frog, but more or less abundant-
ly from all animals. The muscular current is one which flows from the
internal part of the muscle to the surface. In general, any muscle of any
animal will answer for the experiment. Matteucci tried it with frogs, fishes,
eels, pigeons, sheep, cows, dead and alive, and pigeons' hearts and legs,
~ and always with the same result. The most delicate experiments were re-
peated a hundred times with the same result. The muscular current is
shown to advantage by arranging any of these animals, or parts of them,
into the form of an intensity-battery. The duration of the muscular cur-
rent after death is the more brief as the animal is more exalted in the scale
1851.] # ANIMAL CLECTRfCITT. 87
of being. . Matteueci olMenred, that for cold-blooded animals iu intensity
was proportioned to the temperature of the medium in which thej liyed.
Id some experiments, the subjects were iced before they were submitted to
this trial. The muscular current raries with the nutrition of the muscle,
and is strongest in muscles which are gorged with blood and inflamed. It
is independent of the activity or integrity of the nenrous systems of motion
and sensation. Narcotic poisons produce but little effect upon it Of the
poisonous gases, sulphuretted hydrogen alone enfeebles it to any great ex-
tent The muscular current is made manifest by the needle galvanome-
ter and the galvanoscopic frog. Matteueci introduced the nerves of this
firog into the wounded muscle of a living animal, and saw it contract irom
the current which flowed fix>m one side of the muscle through a filament
of the frog's nerve, and then back through another li ament to the other
side of the muscle. He then took a rabbit, and allowed its own nerves to
come in contact with the cat muscle, when he observed a contraction as
from an electrical stroke. But Matteueci detected no signs of electricity
when he touched a drop of blood firom a living pigeon at two points witli
the nervous filaments of the galvanoscopic firog. Throughout this long
series of delicate experiments, this ingenious physicist was at great pains to
exclude every source of error. The two ends of the galvanometer wire
were made of platinum, and were introduced at the same moment, and al-
ways into the same liquid.
In reading the history of animal electricity, it is important to distinguish
between those experiments for which an arc of metal was used, and those
in which animal substances exclusively were employed. In the former
class of experiments any animal will answer, as the origin of the electricity
is voltaic, and the animal contractions simply indicate its circulation. In
the latter class, which includes every case of genuine animal electricity,
few before Matteueci have had any success except with the frog. There
are, however, one or two experiments of Aldini, which, though they may
not detract at all from the originality and ingenuity of Matteucci's re-
searches, deserve to be commemorated. Aldini grasped with one hand the
ear of a recently killed ox, the head of which had been amputated, and
with the other held the legs of a prepared frog, so that the lumbar nerves
came in contact with the tongue of the ox. The contractions of the frog,
which ceased when the circuit was broken, showed the circulation of the
electrical current. At another time, Aldini brought the nerves of a pre-
pared frog which he held by the leg in contact with his own tongue, and
witnessed convulsions in the ftog. Dr. Bird thinks that these experiments
anticipate the musculo-cutaneous current discovered by Donn^,* thirty-five
years afterwards. In reference to Aldini's experiment on the ox's head.
Dr. Bird observes, — ''The intensity of these contractions was much in-
creased by combining two or three heads so as to form a sort of battery,
just as Matteueci, forty years after, fi)und to be the case with his pigeon
* Ann. do Gh. et da Phya., Tom. LYU.
88 ANIMAL BLICTBICITT. « "^ [1851.
and rabbit battery." This is tbe eiparimflnt. ' ** I oooneettd/' says Aldini,
** by means of one chain of moiiture, the heads of two or three calyes, and
observed that by this combination the force of the galvanism was exerted
with more energy ; a frog which was not affected by touching one head
experienced violent contractions when applied to a series of several heads
connected together." * The experiment of producing convnlsions in
oold*blooded animals through the current excited by warm-blooded ani-
mals was repeated with success by Aldioi on the tmnlcs of calves and
birds ; also, on the heads of decapitated horses, of criminals who had been
executed, and of men who had died a natural death. Aldini states that he
frequently observed that the nerves of the frog were attracted so as to com-
plete the circuit, if the hand was held very near to them !
In the frog the proper current and the muscular current coexist, and may
be made to cooperate with one another, or to interfere. The proper current
runs in the frog from the foot to the head, the muscular current moves from
the inside to the outside of the muscle through the connecting arc. There-
fore, a frog battery made of legs alone will yield a stronger current than
when the lower joint of the thigh is added. Even with the thigh and leg
there is some current, the direction of which shows a difference in the
strength of the muscular and proper currents in favor of the latter. If the
whole of the lumbar and craral nerves are used, the current is diminished,
on account of the poor conducting power of the substance. It appears that
those circumstances which influence one of these currents influence the
other also, but the muscular current ceases sooner after death.
Matteucci presents the following theoretical considerations in regard to
the muscular current. It depends on vitality. It Is affected by circulation
and inflammation. It may be developed by nutrition. It is well known
that the action of the oxy:^en of the arterial blood is carried to all points of
a living body ; that all parts of the organism are incessantly renewed, and
that a kind of combustion attends this renoration, that is, a development of
heat and carbonic acid gas. We can conceire that such chemical changes
may develop electricity. The fibres of the muscles are the battery-plates l
the arterial blood is the acid solution ; the nerve is the conductor. Experi-
ment shows, that in the muscular and proper currents the direction of the
nerve does not a.ect that of the current. The nerve acts as a poor con-
ductor ; it condacts only one quarter as well as mnsoular matter ; its con-
ducting power, however, is better for c irrents which flow flrom the spinal
marrow to the crural nerves than for those which move in the opposite
direction. But the difference is less, the longer tbe interval after death.
Still Matteucci thinks the nerves may act in a more important way by in-
fluencing nutrition. The integrity of the nerves may be destroyed without
the immediate suspension of the muscular current, although it dies away
the more quickly as the life of the animal is the more centralized. Mat-
teucci proved that muscular contractions generated electricity, as Becquerel
* An Accoont, &&, p. 4.
1851.] ANIMAL KLECTRICITT. 80
and BfeBchet had already proved that they generated heat. Matteucci
made a frog-battery, and irritated the frogs simultaneously, so as to obtain a
current which deflected the galvanometer. We have recently had an ac-
count of an experiment in which metallic handles, fastened to the galva-
nometer-wires, were grasped in the hands, and the needle was deflected by
a muscular exertion.
Since our paper on animal electricity was sent to the press, we have had
an opportunity of glancing at a very complete work on the subject recently
published at Berlin.* We deem it proper to state that the author has taken
exceptions to some of the conclusions of Matteucci, but a more particular
examination of his criticisms must be reserved for another occasion.
We shall conclude this review of animal electricity by a brief allusion to
a few observations and experiments, some of which are involved in con-
siderabld obscurity. Cotugno t relates that a medical student, having killed
a mouse, resolved to dissect it, and, touching with his knife the intercostal
nerve, felt an electrical sensation which benumbed his hand. Molina re-
ports that a spider, in Chili, was able to paralyze the hand of any person
who touched it. Other insects have been thought to possess the power of
giving shocks. Dr. Donn^ deflected the galvanometer-needle, by putting
one end of the wire on the skin and the oth^r in the mouth. The current
flowed from the skin to the mouth. Pouillet supposed he had detected free
electricity circulating in the nerves. Prevost assures us that, by transfixing
a nerve with a steel needle, and irritating the animal so as to produce a
contraction, the needle became magnetic. Matteucci is disposed to adopt
the result of two other experimenters, who believed they obtained a current
by introducing one end of the galvanometer- wire into the muscle, and the
other into the brain of a living animal. The human body is always in a
state of electric tension, more or less intense. Sometimes, it is said, it is so
highly charged that the hair is phosphorescent. There are undoubted
cases where sparks can be drawn from the hair or the lips, and a kiss is
accompanied with a shock. I have known instances where the saliva from
the mouth was luminous in the dark. Schilling had the extraordinary idea
that the gymnotus was magnetic, and was attracted and repelled by the
opposite poles of a magnet ; also, that it grew more lively when placed in
water sprinkled with iron filings.
Finally, in regard to the reality of animal electricity in general, may we
not adopt the words of Aldini, uttered half a century ago.^ — "And since I
am ready to allow that the invention of the metallic pile gives Volta a title
to the discovery of metallic electricity, I hope the discovery of animal elec-
tricity, properly so called, will be allowed to Galvani, as similar phenomena
are exhibited by the nervous and muscular systems, independently of com-
mon electricity." (p. 48.)
* Untersuchungen uber Thierische ElectricitiU ron Emil du Boia Reynrnod. Bsrlin, 1848.
t Jour. Encyc. de Bologne, No. VIII., 1786.
8*
n. METEOROLOGICAL IPiFORMATION.
I. METEOEOLOGICAL TABLES FOE BIDDEFORD, ME.'
Lot. iS> 3l> ^., Long. 70° 26' FT. Baroauter, 46319 aiope Hgk-tnattT-wark.
ByJam»$G. O^rlmid.
2. Wiro.
AND
Cloodi.
i
E
1849.
Fo™ of Wind, 0-«
Qiuntlly orClonda, 0-10
DireetlooofihBWiDd.
li
J
E
1
1
1
M
1
1
rtt
III
III
«t
1
1
Mu.
,85
.X
LM
1.03
loo
1.29
i
lilS
lias
liai
i:2i
.186
i!3se
4.81
337
4:38
i
6:73
190
073
>43
8
13
8
i
1
3
1
10
6
18
19
6.aaa
2 ess
4.S80
,.681
Ba4S3
For wlndi, dcnoM b calm ; 6, » hunlcu*.
For douli, dmolsi psrfbcl Iloimei ; 10, co
Rainad in 60 houn (W>m 2 A. M., 13th Augait, 1819, 6.048 iacbea. —
Hotlegt day, Julj 13, 1849, 104°; coldest day, Feb. 6, 1850, —9° at suDtise ;
raage 123". — Saco River cloMd with ice, DeeembeT 8, 1649 ; opened,
March 25, 1850; elaud 107 daji. — Froat on low grounds, Septembers,
1849. —First mow, December 3.
• Blddafcrd l« on the Sua Blru, dineUf oppoalts Suo.
1851.] MKTEOROLOGICA.L INFORMATION. 91
11. METEOROLOGICAL TABLES FOR CAMBRIDGE, Mass.
Summary of the Meteorological Ohservations made at the Observatory of
Harvard University^ from May Ist, 1848, to May Ist^ 1849. By fFm,
Cranch Bond. Lot, 42° 23' JV., Long. 71° 08' fF. of Greenwich.
Montha
Means of the Barometer.
Means of External Therm.
1
•
•
CO
&
Cb
^3
S
1
■
•
CO
Cb
5?.8
64.8
70.2
69.5
68.6
49.8
36.2
35.2
21.0
18.2
35.8
43.5
46.7
1848.
May,
June,
July,
August,
September,
October,
November,
December,
1849.
January,
February,
March,
April,
Inch.
29.809
29.800
29.919
30.004
29 873
29.927
30.010
30.042
30.051
30.129
30.019
29.894
Inch.
29.810
29.804
29.862
30.012
29.881
29.940
30 021
30.066
30.060
30.162
30.021
29.928
Inch.
29.696
29.763
29.879
29 965
29.826
29.898
29.985
30.005
29.986
30.091
29.974
29.861
Inch.
.114
.041
+.017
.047
.055
.042
.036
.061
.074
.071
.047
.067
Inch.
29.821
29.783
29.896
29.981
29.877
29.895
30.025
30.059
29.983
30.125
29.985
29.949
Inch.
29.784
29.788
29.889
29.990
29.864
29.915
30.010
30.043
30.020
30.127
30.000
29.908
o
51.9
58.4
64.8
62.6
52.1
47.0
31.2
31.2
17.3
15.4
30.6
36.8
o
60.2
67.2
71.1
72.6
60.3
50.6
35.5
33.6
19.7
17.3
364
45.0
63°9
72.3
77.9
76.9
65.6
54.6
45.8
39.7
25.8
23.8
40.7
50.8
o
65.1
61.5
67.2
66.1
66.6
47.1
32.3
32.9
21.4
17.3
36.7
41.4
Annual Mean,
29.957 29.963
29.910
.055
29.949
29.946
41.9
47.4
63,1
44.6
2. Winds and Clouds.
Force of Wind, 0—6. Quantity of Qouds, O-IO.
Depth of
Months.
•
S
•
^
:2 9 "C
•
8
^
h
1848.
c
<
Oft
eo
1.6
Oft
e
6.9
CO
6.7
Cb
6.9
7.0
Rain In
Inches.
May, ....
1.0
1.2
0.7
1.1
7.5
7.680
June, ....
1.2
1.2
1.4
0.6
1.1
6.6
6.2
6.6
63
6.4
2.812
July, ....
0.9
1.2
1.6
0.8
1.1
63
6.7
7.1
3.5
5.6
2.584
August, ....
1.9
1.3
1.7
0.9
1.2
5.1
5.4
4.4
3.3
4.5
3 496
September, .
1.3
1.7
16
1.5
1.5
6.1
4.5
6.4
3.7
4.9
6.177
October, ....
1.0
1.3
1.6
0.9
1.2
6.0
5.7
6.2
4.3
5.5
6.303
November, .
1.6
1.1
1.3
0.7
1.2
6.0
54
4.3
2.8
4.6
1.159
December,
0.9
1.0
1.1
0.9
0.9
7.7
7.8
7.5
6.1
7.0
3.230
1849.
January,
1.1
1.4
1.4
1.0
1.2
6.2
4.4
5.0
5.3
50
0.722
February,
l.l
1.2
1.4
0.9
1.1
6.8
6.0
6.7
6.6
6.5
1.463
March, ...
1.4
1.8
1.8
1.0
1.5
5.9
6.1
6.7
5.4
6.0
6.897
April, ....
1.2
1.6
1.7
1.5
1.0
0.9
1.3
5.0
5.4
5.8
6.6
6.9
6.1
4.9
5.2
5.7
1.178
Annual Mean,
1.1
1.3
1.3
6.1
42.706
Lowest temperature, February 20th,1849, — 70; highest, July 2l8t, 1848, 9CP. Range, 97o.
Inch.
Maximum of barometer during the year, February 2Sth, 1848, 30.738
Minimum " " May 11th, 1849, 28.066
Range
((
(I
1.672
09 METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION. [1851.
III. METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TOR CAMBRIDGE, Mass.
Summary of the Meteorological Observations made at the Observatory of
Harvard University, from May Istj 1849, to May 1st, 1850. By Wm.
Cranch Bond. Lot. 42P 23' JV., Long. 71° 08' W. of Greenwich.
Means of the Barometer.
1 Means of External Therm.
1
^
Ik
^
i^
H
s
^
^
•
6§.5
Months.
1
a;
CO
1
|l
g
^
4
a;
eo
a;
1849.
Inch.
Inch.
Inch.
Inch.
Inch.
Inch.
Q
May,
30.080
30 087
30.061
.026
30.094
30.080 47:1
54.8
58°4
49.7
June,
30.011
30.068
30.039
.019
30.028
30.041 69.4
71.3
76.7
64.1
67.6
J«»7,
30.111
30.165
30.118
.037
30.118
30.125 63.1
74.6
80.6
68.4
71.6
August.
September,
30.078
30.066
30.038
.048
30.055
30.064 62 6
72.0
76.6
65.7
69.2
30.096
30.140
30.116
.025
30123
30.118 52.2
62.5
68.4
57.0
60.0
October,
30.004
29.933
29.894
.039
29.998
29.957 43.8
50.8
64.6
47.8
49 2
November,
29.918
29.928
29.840
.088
29.907
29.896 40.8
44.6
50.9
43.7
44.9
December,
29.968
29.958
29.942
.016
29.923
29.945 25.4
29.0
33.1
28.0
28.8
1860.
January,
30.059
30.063
30.039
.024
30.035
30.049 22.9
26.0
32.2
27.6
27.1
February,
29.878
29.976
29.841
.135
29.922
29.904 25.2
29.0
35.0
2H.2
29.3
March,
29.821
29.800
29.769
.031
29.839
29.807 31.0
31.6
32.3
30.7
31.1
April,
29.877
29.891
29.832
.059
29.876
29.869 38.0
44.4
49.2
47.6
39 3
42.3
478
Annual Mean,
29.993
30.006
29.960
.045
29.993
29.988 42.6
6a7
45.8
2. Winds and Clouds.
Months.
1849.
Force of Wind, 0-6.
Quantity of Clouds, 0—10.
1
1.0
•
•
<
1.3
eo
1.5
a;
0.8
Monthly
Mean.
•
•
•
6.6
eo
6.8
6.4
a» Monthly
a» Mean.
Depth of
Rain in
Inches.
May, ....
1.1
6.8
2.755
June, ....
0.9
16
2.1
0.7
1.3
5.2
4.9
5.0
3.6
4.6
1.368
July, ....
1.1
1.8
1.8
1.1
1.4
5.1
5.6
5.9
4.2
5.2
1.169
August, ....
0.7
1.3
1.9
0.8
1.1
5.8
6.9
6.4
3.7
6.2
6.617
September, .
1.3
1.6
1.7
06
1.2
5.2
5.3
5.0
3.8
4.8
2.128
October
1.3
1.5
1.6
0.9
1.3
9.7
7.1
7.1
6.5
7.6
7.662
Norember, .
0.9
1.2
1.4
0.7
1.0
5.8
6.6
6.8
6.6
6.4
6.434
December,
1.1
1.7
1.4
1.5
1.4
5.7
5.3
6.3
5.6
5.7
2.781
1860.
-
January,
1.3
1.2
1.4
1.1
1.2
6.5
6.6
6.7
5.9
6.4
3.857
February,
1.2
16
1.8
1.2
1.4
3.9
4.2
4.8
2.5
3.8
2.606
March,
1.2
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.4
5.1
5.3
5.3
4.4
5.0
3.268
April, ....
1.8
1.2
1.4
1.4
2.0
1.6
1.3
1.6
2.1
1.3
5.3
5.8
4.7
5.6
6.7
5.9
3.6
4.7
4.8
4.788
Annual Mean,
6.5
44.135
The condition of the instruments remains the same as in former yean.
The greatest range of the barometer in 24 hours was on December 22d, 1.044 inch.
The barometer was highest, February 6th, 9 A. M., 30.822 inches ; attached therm., 660.
" " " lowest, March 7th, sunrise, 29.058 " ." " 60.
Extreme range during the year, . . 1.764 "
The mean height of barometric column during the year was 29.988 inches.
The mean temperature, at the hours mentioned above, for the year, 470.83 ; for the
spring, 410.98 ; for the summer, 690.49 ; for the autumn, 6I0.41 ; for the winter, 280.47.
External thermometer highest, June 22d, 3 P. M., 97© j lowesti Feb. 6th, sunrise, -30.
Range, lOOo.
1851.] MBTIOROLoeiCAL INfORUATIOR. ^3
IV. BfETEOROLOGICAL TABLE FOR LOWELL, Mass.
Abstract of the Record of the Heights of the Thermometer^ at the Lower
Locks, Lowellj in 1849. By James R, Moor.
Temperature of the Air
■
Temperature of the
Water in the Canal.
Mean at
^
s
1
•
g
Months.
starting of
the Mills
in the
Mean at
2 P.M.
1
1
i
•s
Mean.
"5
a
1
s
Morning.
g
s
S
S
o
o
o
o
o
O
o
January,
14.07
26.37
51
--5
32.
32
33
February, . . .
12.04
25.50
45
—9
32.
32
32
March, ....
30.22
41.45
61
11
34.88
38
32
^V. •. '. •.
34.46
53.25
68
23
44.12
51
39
45.67
62.32
83
31
56.29
60
61
June, ....
57.34
80.72
101
44
70.
80
60
July, ....
62.75
83.19
100
43
75.23
80
69
August,
62.29
80.07
86
55
72.22
76
64
September, .
52.24
72.12
81
41
67.08
74
62
October,
43.67
56.85
69
30
51.92
60
49
November,
39.12
51.07
60
27
45.28
49
40
December, .
23.59
33.12
49
1
34.71
40
32
The temperature of the water in the canal, which in the summer months rsceires the
whole waters of the Merrimac River, was above 32° from March 22d to December 8th, in-
clusive.
V. METEOROLOGICAL TABLE FOR WORCESTER, Mass.
Lot, 43P 1& 17" JV. ; eUvation ^3 feet. For the Year 1848 - 49.
1843-49.
1
•
1
inch.
' February.
XT
•
o March.
F
t
inch.
inch.
inch.
•
inch.
<
inch.
o September.
2. October.
m
1
1
inch.
^
inch.
Greatest height.
29.80
30.09
30.14
29.90
29.83
29.82
29.79
29.72
29.61
29.80
29.74
29.70
Least height.
2S.9d
23.85
23.85
2S.99
28.24
23.90
^.19
29.15
29.13
28.43
28.7/^
23.93
Mean,
29.41
29.47
29.49
29.45
29.03
29.36
23.9^
29.43
29.37
29.11
29.26
29.34
TTtermometer.
QnaXesd height,
6?
5^
48
5^9
6°7
^
o
98
2%
a^
&
6?
6?
Least height,
1
—10
—9
13
18
36
46
48
55
43
30
24
Mean,
31
23
24
36
42
89
62
71
70
63
48
45
Fair days,
9
15
8
10
13
7
19
18
14
16
11
13
152
Cloudy days,
11
6
11
10
2
9
8
4
9
2
10
10
86
Rain feU, days
8
4
1
10
6
10
4
6
11
9
8
10
87
Soow fell, days
8
2
10
2
2
1
25
Inches of rain.
3.93
0.98
1.30
4.75
1.95
3.66
1.25
1.60
4.28
2.49
6.45
4.11
36.65
Inches of snow,
25
2
16.5
3
1.5
48
Days of
N. wind.
1
2
1
4
N.W. "
11
18
12
15
20
11
16
7
7
9
7
14
147
W. "
2 '
1
1
1
1
1
7
S.W. "
6
1
2
3
6
5
13
8
5
1
4
54
S. "
2
1
Q
1
3
1
4
3
20
S.R "
2
3
4
5
3
4
4
4
7
1
2
2
41
E.
2
1
2
1
6
N,E. "
4
7 6 1
2
6
2
4 1 f 6 1 6 1
2 44 1
n
M
ICKTBOROLOOICAL INFORMATIOK.
[1861.
VI. METEOROLOGICAL TABLES FOR PROVIDENCE, R. I.
Summary of MettorologUal ObserwUions made at Brown University-
Lot. 4l*> 49' 22" JV., Long. 71^ 24' 4rt" W. from Greenwich. Barometer
rtduud to the Sea-level, and to 32^ Fahr., and corrected for Capillary Je-
tton, By Prof, A. Caswell,
1
Kxiernal 'iherroomeler. —Means ot
Barameter.—
Means of three daily
three daily Observations, with
Mondw.
Observations.
Maximum and Minimum.
I>
^
^
&
U
I.!S
^
S
^8
** 9
S
^
v4
o
1
|l
C O 1
« i
v4
o
1
o
a
g
o
1849.
inch.
inch.
inch.
inch.
inch.
o
January,
30.09
30.04
30.10
1.32
30.08
20.7
29.4
23.9
94.7
63
-4
February,
30.14
30.09
30.13
1.67
30.12
17.9
27.9
21.4
22.4
46
— 1
March,
30.03
29.99
30.01
0.96
30.01
31.0
43.1
36.9
36,7
62
17
May,
29.93
29.89
29.93
1.10
29.92
391
60.4
41.8
43.8
66
24
30.01
29.98
30.01
1.09
30.00
48.0
64.4
60.1
642
82
39
June,
30.02
29.94
29.94
0.66
29.98
60.8
77 9
636
67.4
97
47
July,
30.04
30.01
30.04
0.64
30.03
66.4
82.3
64.2
70.6
97
61
August,
29.99
29.96
29.96
0.66
29.97
65.3
78.6
65.8
69.9
84
66
September,
30.02
30.01
30.02
0.94
30.02
642
70.1
67.1
60.8
82
46
October,
29.94
29.91
29.96
1.06
29.94
46.6
67.1
49.1
60.9
67
35
Norember,
29.96
29.90
99.91
0.79
29.92
42.7
63.6
46 2
47.5
67
27
Decembw,
29.99
29 94
29.94
1.43
29.96
27.7
36.6
30.4
46.8
312
62
97
7
-4
Ann. Means.
30.02
1 29.97
30.00
1.00
3U.00
43 3
56.9
48.4
Winds, Clouds, and Rains.
Months.
1849.
Number of Days in which
the prevailing winds came
from any Point between
N. &E., E.&S.,S.&W.,
W. AN.
January, .
February,
March,
April, .
May,
June, .
July,
August,
September,
October,
November,
December,
Annual Means,
Total for the Tear,
^
nS
^
3
3
3
Iz:
U
(»
1
9
14
1
12
4
5
3
6
6
11
3
11
•8
6
8
8
3
10
3
10
10
8
3
11
11
7
5
6
4
8
6
2
2
7.6
4.0
7.2
90
47
86
S
21
13
10
16
6
9
10
8
8
8
13
21
11.8
Quantity of Clouds,
firom 0—10.
142
^
^
•
•
<
Pu
o
(O
v4
4.2
4.2
4.1
6.0
6.5
6.2
5.7
6.2
6.4
4.2
4.2
6.0
6.3
6.6
6.5
4.2
4.1
3.4
6.0
4.0
3.8
6.4
4.4
3.7
3.1
3.5
2.7
6.2
7.0
5.6
4.6
6.7
4.9
6.0
6.2
6.0
4.9
6.0
4.6
^5
4.2
5.9
6.8
4.8
6.1
3.9
4.3
4.6
3.2
6.2
5.0
6.0
4.9
.a
o
n
as
"a
l_
8
1
10
8
9
6
7
9
10
16
13
3
9
1 »7
a
■i^
•si
^^
^S
oc_
0.80
0.60
5.99
1.62
3.43
1.23
2.00
3.39
3.14
6.55
2.42
3.52
289
34.69
Rbmarks. The barometer used was made by J. H. Temple, Boston. It is an open
cistern barometer, witli a screw for bringing the surface of the mercury in the cistern to a
contact with an ivory point, and a microscope for the adjustment of the upper and lower
surfaces, and for the " reading oflf." The interior diameter of the tube is about three tenths
of an inch, and the readings are to hundredths of an inch, and are uniformly taken at the
top of the convezitpr of the mercury.
The greatest height of the barometer, corrections as above, was 30.73 inches, on the
evenincofthe 27th and morning of the 28th of February. The least waa 29.01 inches, on
the 22a of December. Extreme range for the year, 1.72 inches.
On three days the thermometer in the shade stood at 97o at 1 P. M., viz. June 21st and
IBSl.J umosoLoaicAL inroBHiTio)!. S5
VII. METEOROLOGICAL TABLES FOR MENDON, Miis.
Lflt. of ^V* qf I/nitamB Church, 42' 06* 23" ;v., Long. 71= SS* 35" r.
UoDth*.
1849.
Monthly Meant of Iha
F<.r«»fWmd,0-6,
at Ihe Houra
Monthly Maan. of
IMncUon of th* Wind.
1
■4
CM
S
1
1
•4
S
ill
a
S'l
^'1
JanuuT, .
March,
£■:•
DKamhm,"
ll
4.1
4:a
i
|;S
11
1
ail
lis
!.0
'1
lis
'.B
i
.3
E'l
3
a,
a;
3
9
4
r
a
1 4
1
3
e
Ysar, .
S.0
6.0
6.2
4.7
4.8
.9
1.7
1.9
12. h*
79 3
use
13
»
IX a
(kb-WBUr lo tha FiarldeDCS Blrar.
u tba boluA day, lh« m
tie therntomelar Iwice 01. .,
th and Fabniary 16th. Ths (atmrt oi
ur ai BunriH nandlDa at 4° below isn
'Ind Brl>k at N. W.
jch rainot enow fait, then weteonlj I
the°nVh™r Much aiM, nllh hear^
a unmnaUi
an of thns ob-
u quantitT was
, Theh«Tia«
oe MBTKOSOLoetcAi. ixrMMATKm. [1861.
VIU. METEOROLOGICAL TABLE FOR NEW YORK, N. Y.
5um?narv "f MUeoTologUal ObieiratuHU madt at tht lita York ifflfpifol,
for Ikt Year I84U. By Juhn Dascey.
ism.
1
1
1
t
i
1
t
1
1
iDCh.
ii
*
S9.93
i
34
6
i
&
9
inch.
109
m
I
Hi;h»t rango,
ssa.r
anrdaVH,
Rain and'anow
pj. E. ■;_
Sw. "
DCh.
49
11
dch.
aw
40
1
9
30.«
isar
i
s
iBh,
30.44
29.59
Is
1
Inch.
1
10
1
inch.
i
13
8
inch.
II
1
I
U
i
ft
IS
IX. METEOROLOGICAL TABLES FOR LAMBERTVILLE, I
Lai. 40° 23* .V-, L<m^ 74= 56' W. By L. H. Parstmt.
1. StlUmtKY FOR THE YeaR ENCtNG JcNB 30, 1350.
1851.]
lOTHttOLOSICAI. IRVOBMATlOn,
97
S. Weather for Year ekdiko Juiie 90, 1650.
Montlw.
1849-60.
•
•
Rain or
Snow.
Water, in
Inches.
Months.
1850.
♦
•
Rain or
Snow.
Water, in.
Inches.
July, 1849,
Augutt;
September,
October,
November,
December.
January, '60
6
1
8
2
8
1
1
1
2
2
5
3
9
6
7
8
4
14
8
14
13
6.172
4.642
1.260
7.478
2.545
4.016
4.598
February,
March,
April,
May,
June,
4
2
2
2
6
1
6
4
4
7
10
10
16
9
3.355
3.989
2.065
5.956
2.885
Year,
36
42
120
48.960
* Perfectly clear, or entirely cloudy, during the whole day.
X. METEOROLOGICAL TABLE FOR ROCHESTER, N. Y.,
Far ike Year 1849. Ldt 42P 8' 17" JV., Long. 7T> 51' W, Elevation above
Tids-wUer^ 506 feet. By Leander WetkerdL
1849.*
•
•
1
.0
•
•
}i
g. September.
i
1
nual
suits
1
1
inch.
1
1
1
inch.
&
9
<
inch.
1
inch.
1
inch.
inch.
inch.
Barvmettr.
inch.
inch.
•inch.
ineh. inch
Greatest height,
30.28
30.16; 30.06
29.90
30.10 29.85
29 9^
:29.72
29.96
29.90
29.86
30.12
30.28
Least height.
9.03
29.07|28.90
29.00
29 0328.28
29.3^
29.15
29.10
28.93
29.13
29.02
28.90
Mean,
29.72
29.67
29.61
29.66
29.67 29.57
}&.^
29155
29.69
29.48
29.46
29 59
29.58
Thermomeier.
o
o
o o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Monthly Mean,
28.14
22.13
34.57
41.86
51.10 66.01
70.06
69.23
60 20
48.26
46-66
28.01
46.68
Highest degree,
47
48
54
74
65
93
95
90
82
72
67
47
95
Lowest degree.
Range,
—9
—7
12
20
30
42
47
56
40
32
27
2
-9
66
65
42
54
66
61
48
34
42
40
40
45
56
Warmest day,
25
28
20
4
22
22
lot
20
16
2H
7
19
Coldest day.
11
let
3
14
6
5
2
15
8
31
29
26
Fair days,
6
7
13.5
11.5
14
20.5
25
19
20.6
14
11
1
162
Cloudy days,
Eain fell, days,
26
21
17.6
18.5
17
9.5
6
12
9.6
17
19
30
203
4
1
9
8
19
9
8
14
11
17
16
4
119
Snow fell, days.
22
17
6
3
1
6
16
69
Rain and snow.
3
2
4
1
1
3
14
Solar halos.
1
3
1
6
2
4
1
2
19
Lunar halos.
3
1
4
Aurora boreales,
1
4
2
2
4
3
2
3
1
22
Inch.Dfrain,etc.
1.39
1.29
2.36
1.44
3.81
4,33
0.94
3.62
3.91
4.17
3.31
2.31
32.87
Dayeof
N. wind,
4
!
3.6
2
7
2
3
0.6
2
6
0.5
1.6
33
N.E. "
1
6.5
4
3.5
3.5
4
3.6
1
3
1.6
3.5
2.5
35.5
E.
0.6
2
0.6
1.6
0-6
1.6
0.5
7
S.K "
1
6.6
1.6
1.5
6
2.6
2.5
06
1
1
3.5
26.5
8.
1
2
3.6
2
2
2.6
3.5
1.6
1
3.6
2.5
3
28
S. W. "
4.6
4.6
1.6
6
2
3.6
6
36
10.5
6-6
8.6
3
59
W. "
5.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
2.5
3.5
4
3
6
3.5
6.6
8.6
56.6
N.W. "
13.6
3
12
116
7.5 11.5
8.5
21
8.6
7.6
7
9
120.5
• First frost in Autumn, October 2d. Fint fall of snow, October 30th.
t Warmest day. I Coldest day.
9
iimoioLoeioAXi infomcatioh*
[1851.
XI. METEOROLOGICAL TABLES FOR THE UNIVERSITy
OF NORTH CAROLINA, AT CHAPEL HILL.
Lot. 350 54' 21" JV. Long, 79° 17' 30" IV,
By James PhilUps^ Professor of Mathematics and J/atural Philosophy,
Months.
Barometer.
Thermometer attacked.
i
•
•
•
•
•
•
1
^
•
Pi
J
M
•
tu
CO
a»
CO
o>
j»
a»
CO
a»
1849.
inch.
inch.
inch.
inch.
June, .
29.691
29.713
29.695
29.690
70.56
77.23
86.33
76.03
July,
29.731
29.757
29.743
29.741
69.92
74.93
83.03
73.58
August,
29.677
29.714
29.694
29.686
69.85
76.47
85.46
76.11
September,
29.729
29.762
29.741
29.733
63.85
70.67
77.00
69.37
October,
29.690
29.723
29.696
29.721
54.45
61.18
67.44
59.27
Norember,
29.719
29.762
29.72S
29.715
49.90
58.37
67.87
56.83
December, .
29.743
29.758
29.734
29.732
37.74
44.48
62.97
43.73
1860.
January,
29.740
29.785
29.746
29.748
42.37
46.63
64.42
48 08
February,
89.684
29.733
29.683
29.636
38.89
46.46
54.93
46.27
March,
29.624
29.658
29.633
29.656
44.65
50.87
59.58
50.47
Ap-il, . .
May, .
29.654
29.633
29.647
29.658
51.28
57.72
64.67
57.45
29.629
29.651
29.624
29.623
69.42
65.82
76.74
64.92
Mean,
29.693
29.724
29.697
29.699
54.41
60.90
69.12
60.09
Months.
Thermometer detached.
Clearness fr.0 to 10.
•
1
i
7
16
11
5
8
3
11
10
10
8
9
8
i
1
•
8
•c
•
•
Pi
CO
•
.8
•
•
eo
Pi
0)
1849.
June,
July,
August.
September,
October,
November,
December,
1860.
January,
February,
March,
May,
69°53
63.69
68.47
61.70
50.71
46.67
36.77
39.48
36.00
41.44
48.73
56.84
77?36
74.39
76.00
69.60
69.42
56.73
42.77
44.97
48.21
43.37
65.78
64.02
85.06
81.03
83.35
75.63
65.15
65.03
50.35
52.02
51.48
56.63
61.70
72.35
74.60
72.34
73.44
67.17
55.95
53.97
40.94
44.35
42.54
47.43
64.60
62.11
76.&6
74.1129
75.3145
63.5250
57.8064
65.6000
42.7137
45.2056
43.0530
48.4677
65.2042
63.8306
5.3
3.0
5.9
5.6
4.4
6.4
3,6
2.5
5.0
2.5
3.1
4.7
5.6
2.8
4.3
5.3
4.6
6.6
3.7
2.8
5.2
2.7
3.3
5.2
4.2
3.6
4.0
4.6
4.0
6.9
3.8
2.1
4.6
3.7
ai
4.3
5.3
4.8
7.2
6.0
5.1
7.3
4.0
3.8
5.2
5.1
3.7
6.6
29
31
31
27
28
23
29
31
25
30
28
29
1
3
3
7
2
3
1
2
2
Mean,
52.00
59.38
66.65
57.45
58.8733
4.3
4.3
4.0
.5.3
106
341
24
First frost on the Uth October, 1849. Snowed on the 23d and 3l8t December. Frogs
singing on the 18th January, 1850. Snowed on the 22d February, and on the 27th and 3lst
March. The Peach and Prunus chicasa blossomed on the 2d ; Liaurus sassafras on the 9th ;
Prune on the 12ih; Cercis Canadensis on the 24th ; and the Pear on the 28th of March.
The first Martin appeared on the 3d ; the Cherry and Comus florida blossomed on the 4th ;
and the Whip-poor*wili and Will-willow sung on the 22d April.
Hottest day, 23d June : —
Barometer, sunrise, 29.718 in. : 9 A.M. 29.738 ; 3 P.M. 29.700 ; 9 P. M. 89.664. Mean, 29.701.
Attached therm. " 76© " 84. " 96. " 83.
Detached therm. " 740 " 85. " 94. " 82. " 83.75.
Coldest day, 5th February : —
Barometer, sunrise, 30. 104 in.: 9A.M. 30.250; 3P.M. 30.244; 9P.M. 30.263. Mean, 30.219.
Attached therm. " 20o " 2a " 39. " 31.
Dstafihad therm." 120 " 26. " 31.6 « 25. « 23.625.
1851.]
MVnDOilOLOOICAL IMPOBBlATIOIli
XII. METEOROLOGICAL TABLES FOR SAVANNA
Far tJte Year ending May, 1850. By Dr, John F. Posey.
1. Barometer.
Barometer 43 feet above half-tide in the river.
Months.
Highest.
Lowest.
Monthly Mean.
14
13
22
9
26
1
12
13
6
20
18
22
•
<
1
9
2
16
19
6
18
2
11
14
27
6
15
•
•
Pi
on
•
<
•
C9
•
1849.
June,
July,
August,
September,
October,
November,
December,
1850.
January,
February,
March,
inch.
30.17
.20
.11
.18
.26
.23
.48
.29
.56*
.21
.14
.13
inch.
30.19
.19
.11
.19
.24
.26
.47
.35
.45
.26
.19
.17
inch.
30.18
.16
.08
.19
.24
.27
.44
.40
.43
.26
.23
.16
inch.
29.86
.79
.86
.78
.77
.77
.72
.68
.63
.46
.63
.63
inch.
29.83
.77
.82
.76
.67
.73
.66
.66
.47
.43
.42t
.68
inch.
29.83
.80
.86
.75
.66
.76
.67
.66
.60
.47
.42
.58
inch.
30.02
.02
.00
29.99
.98
30.02
.04
.06
.04
29.94
.97
.92
inch.
30.02
.04
29.98
.97
.96
.98
30.01
.04
29.98
.92
.94
.84
inch.
30.00
.04
29.98
.98
.98
30.00
.04
.04
.03
29.93
.95
.90
Annual Mean,
30.00
29.97
29.99
* Highest
t Lowest.
2. Thermometer.
Months.
Highest.
Lowest.
Monthly Mean.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
■
l|
&
•
•
<
(C
A^
•
1
•
<
Pi;
^
<
^
A^
B^
(A
I
4
t-^
(N
8°7
t^
<N
t*
N.
04
»^
1849.
June, '
26
o
79
&*
20
fr
7%
n
7il
8?.6
sB.i
1.285
July, .
1
80
98
85
5
66
83
78
74.3
84.2
77.8
11.285
17
August, .
Septemlaer, .
23
78
£6
84
26
74
82
76
76.8
88.8
80.8
13.235
16
7
72
90
82
24
61
80
70
68.8
83.1
76.0
4.986
6
October, .
4
74
89
79
31
46
68
68
62.6
74.8
67.9
2.695
6
November, .
7
66
78
66
29
39
63
54
61.7
68.8
60.2
.900
3
December,
9
64
78
68
12
34
46
42
50.2
62.7
56.6
2.130
7
1850.
January,
27
64
80
70
1
32
51
46
50.5
63.6
67.9
4.430
4
February,
27
64
80
72
6
25t
41
37
46.3
61.5
53.8
2.490
5
March,
1
71
85
76
12
39
60
64
66.1
67.0
65.7
5.906
10
April,
May, .
28
72
91
76
1
45
66
56
60.4
76.1
66.8
4.696
6
28 73
97
82
7
59
77
68
67.6
82.5
74.2
6.440
7
88
Annual Mean,
■7
61.7
75.1
68.1
60.476
* Highest, June 26, 1849,
t Lowest, February 6, 1850,
Bang*, ....
100
MVnOROLOaiOAXi UirOBMATIOII.
[186L
XIIi: METEOROLOGICAL TABLE FOR MUSCATINE,* Iowa.
For th9 Year 1849. By 7. 8. Porvm.
Thermometer.
Barometer.
Weather.
Winds.
d.
1
•
•
•
•
•
xi
•d
M
Months.
1
•
!
•
B
1
1
Mean
Height.
1
1
.S
1
t
K
t
BB
1
1
.9
t
a
1
(4
•
p4
•
•
1
3
a
i
•a
1849.
lS.6
o
-S4
o
inch.
in.
in.
in.
January,
46
70
29.43
29.8
28.7
1.1
,16
12
4
2
2.6
4
6.5
3
a
16
9
2S
6
Feb'nr,
March,
18.1
48
-22
70
32
.7
29.0
.6
14
11
2
1.0
1
.3
7
13
8119
9
37.3
68
10
58
.09
.7
28.6
1.1
15
S
7
6
2.4
1
1.1
a
17
9
2
W[\
X;
44.3
74
22
52
.33
.8
•O
1.0
14
9
7
11
4.7
4
11
12
3
21
»
64.8
80
30
60
.25
.6
.8
.8
13
12
6
12
4.7
6
8
8
9
26
6
June,
67.6
86
44
42
.24
.5
29.0
.6
17
13
9
12.2
4
13
7
6
23
7
July,
664
89
42
47
,36
.5
.1
.4
20
4
7
5
1.4
a
15
2
12
26
6
August,
65.2
86
36
60
.31
.5
.0
.5
17
13
1
11
12.2
3
11
8
9
31
Sept'ber,
61.7
84
37
47
.37
.6
.0
.6
18
12
6
5.0
9
6
16
28
2
October,
48.9
70
28
42
,33
.7
28.9
.8
17
12
2
5
4.8
7
6
12
6
31
Noy'ber,
42,8
72
20
52
.22
.6
.8
.8
14
12
4
7
6.6
a 8
12
7
19
11
Dec'ber,
las
44
-12
66
.43
.9
.8
.1
13
16
3
2
.4
7
4.7
11
«
14
4
201
Year,
43.21
89
-24
113
29.30
29.8
28.6
1.2
187
126
521
76
57.9
13
12.6
^110|ll9
90289l7i^
Wannest day, 82o df, July 9th. Coldest day, — 12P, January 18th. HiglMst tunperaturo^
890, July lOlh. Lowest, ~2|o, January lOlh. Mean, 430 21'. Baoge, 113o.
Mississippi opened, February 12th ; cloeed, December 17th.
XIV. FLOWERING OF FRUIT-TREES IN 1850.
Places.
Peach.
Cherry.
Apple.
Biddeford, Me.,
Cambridge, Mass.,
Montpelier, Vl., .
New Haven, Oonn., .
Rochester, N. Y., .
Lambertville, N. J., .
Perth Amboy, N. J.,
Philadelphia, Penn., .
Chapel Hill, N. C,
Natchez, Miss., .
Sandusky, Ohio, .
Madison, Wise.,
May 16
May 25
May 8
May 15
April 24
April 24
May 12
March 2
February 15
Mayl
May 25
May 25
May 8
May 16
April 28
April 28
May 20
ApriU
March 20 .
May 4
May 16
May 90
May 28
June 10
June 3
May 1
May 1
May 25
March 24
May 13
May 18
* Formerly BloomingtMU
THE
AMERICAN ALMANAC,
FOR
1851.
PART II.
9»
UNITED STATES.
I. PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES FROM THE
ADOPTION OF THE CONSTITUTION.
Term Began.
Term Ended.
1.
George Washington,
Virginia,
April 30, 1789,
March 3, 1797.
3.
John Adams,
Massachusetts,
March 4, 1797,
March 3, 1801.
8.
Thomas Jeflbrson,
Virginia,
March 4, 1801,
March 3, 1809.
4.
James Madison,
Virginia,
March 4, 1809,
March 3, 1817.
6.
James Monroe,
Viiginia,
March 4, 1817,
March 3, 1825.
6.
Jolm Quincy Adams,
Massachusetts,
March 4, 1825,
March 3, 1829.
7.
Andrew JaclEson,
Tennessee,
March 4, 1829,
March 3, 1837.
8.
Martin Van Buren,
New Yorl^
March 4, 1837,
March 3, 1841.
9.
William Henry Hairison,*
Ohio,
March 4, 1841,
AprU 4,1841.
10.
John Tyler,
Virginia,
April 4,1841,
March 3, 1845.
11.
James Knox Polk,
Tennessee,
March 4, 1846,
March 3, 1849.
12.
Zachary Taylor,*
Louisiana,
March 4, 1849.
July 9, 1850.
13.
MiUardFiUmore,
New York,
July 9, 1850.
-
II. EXECUTIVE GOVERNBfENT.
Thx 16th Presidential term of four jeari, since the establishment of the
goyernment of the United States under the Constitution, began on the 4th
of March, 1849; and it will expure on the 3d of March, 1853.
Salary.
MILLARD FILLMORE, of New York, President, $ 25,000
Vacancy, Viee-President^ 5,000
General Zachary Taylor, of Louisiana, having been elected by a majority
of thtrty-siz of the electoral votes, was, on the 4th of March, 1849, inaugu-
rated President of the United States, and died on the 9th of July, 1850. In
consequence of this event, the duties of the office have devolved on Millard
Fillmore, of New York, who had been elected by the same majority Vice-
President, in accordance with the provision of the Constitutioii of the
United States, which says, '* In case of the removal of the President from
office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and
duties of siud office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-President."
The Cabinet.
The following are the principal officers in the executive department of the
"■ ■ - - — --- ---..- — — - , -
* Diod in office.
104
UMITSD 8TATE8.
[1851.
government, who form the Cabinet, and who hold their offices at the will
of the President.
Salazy.
Daniel Webster, Massachusetts, Seereiary of State^ 1 6,000
Thomas Corwiv, Ohio, Secretary of the Treasury^ 6,000
Charles M. Conrad, Louisiana, Secretary of War^
William A. Graham, North Carolina, Secretary rf the Jfavy^
A. H. H. Stu vkt, Virginia, Secretary of the Interior^
Nathan K. Hall, New York, Postmaster- General^
John J. Crittenden,
Kentucky, Attorney- General^
Department of State.
Daniel Webster, Secretary*
Salary
6,000
6,000
6,000
6,000
4,000
William S. Derrick, Oief
Clerk, 1 2,000
Wiliam Hunter, Jr., Claims
Clerk, 2,000
W. C. Zantzinger, Disburs.
Agent, 1,450
J S. Mackie, Ke^. of Archives, 1,400
OliTer K. Barrell, Commission
Clerk, 1,400
Diplomatic Bureau.
Francis Markoe, Clerk, 1,600
Salary.
Alex. H. Derrick, Clerk, $1,500
William L. J. Kiderlin, do. 1,400
Henry Sargent, do. 800
Consular Bureau.
Robert S. Chew, Clerk^ 1,400
Henry La Reintrie, do. 1,400
Home Bureau.
Wm.C.Redd9\\,Passport'Clerkf 1,400
Charies £. Weaver, Clerk^ 1,000
John Polk, do. 900
Treasury Department.
Thomas Corwin, Secretary.
J. McGinnis, Chief Clerk,
Assistant Secretary.
Geo. Harrington, Chief Clerk^
Comptrollers,
Elisha Whittleley, 1st Comp.^
E. C. Seaman, Chief Clerk,
Albion ^. Parris, 2d Comp..^
J. M. Cutts, Clerk,
Auditors.
Thos. L. Smith, 1st Auditor^
U. H. Miller, ChUfCUrk,
Philip Clayton, 2d Auditor,
William Mechlin, Chief Clerk,
John S. Gallaher, 3d Auditor,
2,000
3,000
1,700
3,500
1,700
3,000
1,700
3,000
1,700
3,000
1,70*
3,000
James Thompson, Chief Clerk, 1,700
Aaron O. Dayton, ith Auditor, 3,000
R. L. Mackall, Chi^ Clerk, 1,700
S. Pleasanton, bth Auditor, 3,000
Thomas Mastin, Chuf Clerk, 1,700
J. W. Farrelly, 6£A Auditor, 3,000
G. J. Ball, Chief Clerk^ 1,700
Commissioner of Customs.
Charles W. Rockwell, 3,000
John D. Barclay, Chief Clerk, 1,700
Treasurer's Office.
William Selden, Treasurer, 3,000
W. B. Randolph, ChUf Clerk, 1,700
Assistant Treasurers.
Franklin Haven, Boston, 2,500
1861.]
■XECUTITC OOTntHMBNT.
Salary
John Young, JVeo York^ $ 4,000
Jas. R. Snowden, PfUladelphiaf 2,500
Wm. M. Martin, CharlesUm, 2,500
M. M. Beale, Jfew Orleans^
Henry S. Turner, St. LtniiSf
Regtster*s Office,
TowDsend Haynes, Register ^
2,500
2,500
3,000
10$
Salary.
$1,700
Mich. Nourse, Chief Clerk^
Solicitor's Office.
John C. Clark, Solicitor,
B. F. PleasantB, Chief Clerk^
Coast Survey,
Alex. D. Bache, Superintendent^ 6^000
3,500
1,700
War Department.
Charles M. Conrad, Secretary.
Samuel J. Anderson, Ch.CUrk, 2,000
Adjutant- General's Office,
Roger Jones, Breo. Maj.^Gen,^
AdQUtant" General.
Lorenzo Thomas, Bret. Lt.'Col^,
Assist. Adj.- Gen.
John M. Hepburn, Chi^ derk^ 1,200
Q^rteTmaster-GeneraVs Bureau,
T. S. Jessup, Breo. Maj,-Gen.y
Quartermaster- General.
Charles Thomas, Bree. Lt.'Col.^
Q^artermaster.
Wm. A. Gordon, Chirf Clerk^ 1,600
Pay Bureau,
N. TowBon, Brev. Maj.-Gen,^
Paymaster' General.
B. F. Lamed, U.-CoL^ Deputy
Paymaster- General.
Nathaniel Fry, Chirf CUrk^ 1,700
Subsistence Bureau.
Ctoo. Gibson, Brev. Maj.-Gen.^
Com.- Gen. of Subsistence.
A. E. Shiras, Capt. ith Art.^ Act-
ing Assist. Com.
1,000
Richard Gott, Chi^ Clerk^
Medical Bureau.
Thomas Lawson, Bree. Brig.-
Gen., Surg.- Gen.
H. L. Heiskell, Surg. {/• Assist.
Surg.- Gen.
R. Johnson, Chief Clerk, 1,150
Engineer Bureau.
J. G. Totten, Brev. Brig. -Gen.,
Chief J^ngineer,
F. A. Smith, Capt. ^ Assist.
Chief Engineer.
F. N. Barbarin, Chief Clerk, 1,200
Topographical Bureau.
John J. Abert, Col., Chief Top,
Engineer.
T. J. Lee, Capt., Assist. Chief
Top. Engineer,
Geo. Thompson, CAief CUrk, 1,400
Ordnance Bureau. _
Greo. Talcott, Brev. Brig.- Gen.,
Chitf of Ordnance.
W. Maynadier, Capt. ^ Assist.
Geo. Bender, Chief CUrk^ 1,200
Nayt Department.
William A. Graham, Secretary,
John Etheridge, Chief Clerk, 2,000
Joseph Smith, Chief of the Bureau of Docks and JSTavy Yards, 3,500
Lewis Warrington, do. do. Ordnance and Hydrography,3,500
Charles W. Skinner, do, do. Construct. Equip. ^ Repairs, 3,500
106
UNITBD (TTATftS.
[1851.
Wm. Sinclair, Chief of th» Burmu of Provisions and Clothings
Thomas Harris, do, do, Med. and Surg, Instruments^
Liout. M. F. Maury, Sup*t of Observatory at WashingUmy
DSPARTMENT OF THX ImTKRIOR.
A. H. H. Stuart, Secretary,
Salary.
Salary
$3,500
2,500
3,000
Dan. C. Goddard, Chief Clerk^ $ 2,000
General Landr Office,
Jus. Butterfield, Commissioner y 3,000
, Principal Clerk
of Public Lands, 1,800
Jos. S. Wilson, Chief Clerk of
Private Ldind Claims^ 1,800
John Wi Ison , Ch,Clerk of Surveys,! ,800
Nathan Sargent, Recorder j 2,000
Edmund M . Evens, Secretary to
Pres. to sign LandPatentSj 1,500
Indian Office.
Luke Lea, Commissioner, 3,000
A. S. Loughery, Chief Clerk, 1,700
Pension Office,
Jas. L. Edwards, Commissioner, 2,500
, Chief Clerk, 1,600
Patent Office.
Thos. Ewbank, Commissioner, 3,000
De W. C. Lawrence, Ch, Clerk, 1,700
' Salary.
W. P. N. Fitzgerald,Ertfmin«r,$2,500
Charles 6. Page, do, 2,500
Henry B. Renwick, do, 2,500
Leonard D. Gale, do, 2,500
Jona. H. Lane, ,Sssist, Exam., 1,500
Samuel Cooper, do. 1,500
Wm. B. Storms, do, 1,500
Titian R. Peale, do, 1,500
A. L. Mclntire, Draughtsman, 1,200
A. B. Stoughton, Machinist, 1 ,250
F. S. Skinner, Agrieul. Clerk, 1,600
Superinlendent of Census,
Jos. C. G. Kennedy, 2,500
Public Buildings,
Ignatius Mudd, Commissiimer, 2,000
Penitentiary.
Jonas P. Ellis, Warden, 1,500
John S. Tower, Inspector, 100
Thomas Donoho, do, 100
Wm. H. Edes, do, 100
Post-Offjcs Defartheht.
Nathan K. Hall, Postmaster- General,
Selah R. Hobble, 1st Assistant Postmaster- Gen., Contract Office,
Fitz-Henry Warren, 2d do. do., Jippointment Office,
John Marron, 3ii do, do.,
Wm. H. Dundas, Chief Clerk, Post- Office Department,
John W. Farrelly, Auditor of the Treasury for the Post^OffiM,
G. J. Ball, ChUf Clerk of the Auditor,
2,500
2^500
2,500
2,000
3,000
2,000
Commission on Claims against Mexico.
George Evans, President,
Caleb B. Smith, Member,
Robert T. Paine, «'
Salary.
$3,000
3,000
3,000
Salary.
Edw. W. Johnson, Secretary, $ 2,500
Theodore J. Barnett, Clerk, 1,500
1851.]
PGSTMASTERS.
107
Cities.
Augusta, Me.
Bangor, Me.
Bath, Me.
Braoswick, Me.
Calais, Me.
Ca8tine» Me.
Eastport, Me.
Halloweli, Me.
•Portland, Me.
Robbinston, Me*
Saco, Me.
Thomaston, Me.
Walerville, Me.
Postmasters iir the Chief Towns and Cities.*
[Gorractedin the Poat-Office Department, August 12, 1850.]
PosimaateiB.
Joseph Burton.
Joshua W. Carr.
Thomas Eaton.
J. T. Dunning.
B. M. Flint
Charles Rogers.
Winslow Bates.
Thomas Hovey.
Joshua Dunn.
Jpsiah H. Briggs.
Fred. T. Storer.
Asa C. Fuller.
Samuel Appleton
Charlestown,N.H.S. L. Fletcher.
Concord, N. U. E. Hutchins.
Dover, N. H.
Exeter, N. H.
Hanover, N. H.
Keene, N. H.
G. P. Wentworth
J. Robinson.
Willis Kinsman.
Seldon F. White.
Manchester, N. H. James Hersey.
Nashua, N. H. A. P. Hughes..
Portsmouth, N. H. T. L. Tullock.
Bennington, Vt. Horace T. White.
Brattleboro', Vt
Burlington,' Vt
Middlebury, Yt.
Montpelier, Vt.
Rutland, Vt.
Windsor, Vt.
Amherst, Mass.
Andover, Mass.
*Boston, Mass.
F. H. Fessenden.
L. P. Blodgett.
Asa Chapman.
Charles Lyman.
Charles Burt.
Joseph D. Hatch.
Samuel C. Carter.
Amos Abbot.
William Hayden.
Cities. Postmaetera.
Northampton, Ms. Amos H. Bullen.
Pittsfield, Mass. Phineas Allen, Jr.
Plymouth, Mass. Ephraim Spooner.
Salem, Mass. George Russell.
Sandwich, Mass. Z. R. Hinckly.
Springfield, Mass. Wm. Stowe.
Taunton, Mass. Wm. Brewster.
Ware, Mass. Addison Sanford.
William8town,M8. Isaac Latham.
Worcester, Mass. Ed. W. Lincoln.
Newport, R. I. T. Coggeshall.
Pawtucket, R. I. Thos. Lefavour.
"Providence, R. I. Henry L. Bowen.
Bridgeport, Conn. George W^ade.
* Hartford, Conn. Ezra S. Hamilton.
Litchfield, Conn. L. W. Wessells.
Middletown, Ct. Wm. Woodward.
New Haven, Ct. J. B. Robertson.
New London, Ct. James H. Turner.
Norwich, Conn. John Dunham.
* Albany, N. Y. Lewis Benedict.
Auburn, N. Y. E. A. Warden.
Batavia, N. Y. Chas. E. Ford.
Binghampton,N.Y. Benj. T. Cook.
Brooklyn, N. Y. Gold S. SilHuian.
*Bufialo, N. Y. I. R. Harrington.
Canandaigua,N.Y Geo. L. Whitney.
Catskili, N. Y. David Ely.
Cooperstown,N.Y. Wm. Nichols.
Cambridge, Mass. Nathan Fiske.
Charlestown, Mass. N. Merrill.
Dedham, Mass. El isha Thayer.
Greenfield, Mass. D. N. Carpenter.
Lawrence, Mass. Nath'l Wilson.
Lowell, Mass. Alfired Gilman.
Lynn, Mass. Abner Austin.
Nantucket, Mass. James H. Briggs.
New Bedford, Ms. Simeon Bailey.
Newburyport, Ms. Stephen Usley.
Elmira, N. Y.
Geneva, N. Y.
Hudson, N. Y.
Ithaca, N. Y.
Lockport, N. Y.
Newburg, N. Y.
H. H. Matthews.
Barzillai Slosson.
Rob't H. Barnard.
Julius M. Ackley.
Solo. Parraelee.
Samuel W. Eager.
New York, N. Y. Wm. V. Brady.
Ogdensburg, N. Y. Geo. Robinson.
Oswego, N. Y. Cheny Ames.
Owego, N. Y. Chas. R. Barstow.
Plattsburg, N. Y. Levi Piatt.
PoughkeepsiejN.Y.Isaac Piatt.
Rochester, N. Y. Darius Perrin.
* The offices marked thus (*) are the dietributing offices.
106
VNITCD VtkTWM.
[1851.
CItiw. PosUnMtan.
Rome, N. Y. R. G. Savary.
Saratoga Sp.,N.Y. Samuel Pitkin.
Schenectady, N. Y. Peter Banker.
Sharon, N. Y. Rob't W. Brown.
Syracuse, N. Y. Wm. Jackson.
Troy, N. Y. Thomas Clowes.
Utica, N. Y. Jos. A. Sherman.
Watertown, N. Y. Philo S. Johnson.
West Point, N. Y. Mary Berard.
Whitehall, N. Y. Wm. G. Wolcott
Burlington, N. J. James Watts.
Newark, N. J. Rodney Wilbur.
N. Brunswick, N. J. Samuel C. Cook.
Paterson, N. J. William Dickey.
Princeton, N. J. A. Stryker.
Trenton, N. J. John S. M'Cully.
Carlisle, Pa. Nath'l Hantch.
Chambersburg, Pa. Nicholas Pearse.
Easton, Pa. Benj. F. Arndt.
•Erie, Pa. Thos. H. Sill.
Harrisburg, Pa. J. Jones.
Holidaysburg, Pa. J. Baldridge.
Kensington, Pa. Samuel Ware.
Lancaster, Pa. Mary Dickson.
Meadville, Pa. A. F. Stewart.
*Northumberland,Pa. Cath. G. Boyd.
•Philadelphia, Pa. Wm. J. P. White.
•Pittsburg, Pa. Sam*l Roseburgh
Pottsville, Pa. A. Mortimer.
Reading, Pa. Henry Rhoades.
Uniontown, Pa. John F. Beazel.
Wilkesbarre, Pa. Steuben Butler.
Dover, Del. J. A. Stephenson.
Newcastle, Del. J. G. Challenger.
Wilmington, Del. H. H. J. NafF.
Annapolis, Md. Edwin Boyle.
•Baltimore, Md. C T. Maddox.
Cumberland, Md. Jas. C. Magraw.
Frederick, Md. Jacob Faubel.
Hagerstown, Md. Geo. Updegraff.
Georgetown, D. C. H. W. Tiiley.
•Washington, D.C. Wm. A. Bradley.
Abingdon, Va. Geo. R. Barr.
Alexandria, Va. Daniel Bryan.
Cities. Postmssters.
Charlottesville, Va.T. Wayt.
Clarksburg, Va. Eiias Bruen.
Fredericsburg, Va. R. T. Thorn.
'^Kanawha C.H.,Va. James A. Lewis.
Lynchburg, Va. W.M.Blackford.
Alexander Gait.
Robert Birchett.
Thos. B. Bigger.
Jacob 8. Shriver.
Richard Milton.
James L. McKee
•Norfolk, Va.
•Petersburg, Va.
Richmond, Va.
•Wheeling, Va.
Winchester, Va.
•Ashville, N. C.
Fayetteville, N. C. John McRaa.
Greensboro*, N. C. Wm.Gott
Hillsboro*, N. C. Dennis Heartt.
Newbern, N. C. Wm. H. Harvey.
•Raleigh, N. C. Wm. White.
Wilmington, N. C. Daniel Dickson.
Camden, S. C. J. N. Gamewell.
•Charleston, S. C. Alfred Huger.
Columbia, S. C. James B. Glass.
Georgetown, S. C. Wm. McNuIty.
•Yorkville, S. C. Samuel Melton.
Athens, Ga.
Augusta, Ga.
•Columbus, Ga.
Darien, Ga.
John Crawford.
E. B. Glascock.
Jos. A. L. Lee.
Jas. F. S. Heald.
Zeph. T. Conner.
Macon, Ga.
Mil ledge ville, Ga. E. Daggett.
•Savannah, Ga. G. Schley.
Apalachicola, Fa. Milton N. Scott.
Key West, Fa. R. L. Hicks.
Pensacola, Fa.
Tallahassee, Fa.
Florence, Ala.
Greensboro*, Ala.
H. Kelly.
Miles Nash.
Geo.W. Sneed.
John Fife.
•Huntsville, Ala. Joseph J. Pitman.
Mobile, Ala. Oliver S. Beers.
'Montgomery, Ala. Martin Pond.
Tuscaloosa, Ala. Wm. D. Marrast.
•Tnscumbia, Ala. R. B. Alexander.
Jackson, Miss. J. C. McAllister.
•Natchez, Miss. Alonzo M.Griffin.
Pass Christian, Mi. Sarah A. Hiern.
Port Gibson, Miss. J. C. Melchior.
1851.]
coUiicroiBSi or cvstoms.
CftlM. Poetmasten.
*VickBburg, Miss. John F. Bodley.
Baton Rouge, La. George A. Pike.
DonaldsonviUeyLa. Andrew Gingrj.
*Natchitochea, La. Thos. H. Airery.
*New Orleans, La. Michael Musson.
Aastin, Tex. Samuel G.Haynie.
Corpus Chri8ti,Tex.D. W. Brewiter.
'Galveston, Tex. R. D. Johnson.
Houston, Tex. Fred. W. Smith.
Fort Gibson, Ark. Wm. P. Denckla.
Little Rock, Ark. Wm. F. Pope.
Columbia, Tenn. Jeremiah Cherry.
Knoxviile, Tenn. Jaa. C. Luttrell.
'Memphis, Tenn. F. 8. Latham.
Murfiree8boro*,Ten.G. T. Henderson.
'Nashville, Tenn. John Shelby.
*Camb*d Gap, Ky. Wm. Dickinson.
Frankfort, Ky. Ben. F. Johnson.
Lexington, Ky. Joseph Ficklin.
'Louisville, Ky. Fred. G. Edwards.
'Maysville, Ky. Ely P. Anderson.
ChiUicothe, Ohio, Charles Martin.
Cincinnati, Ohio, William Oliver.
Cleveland, Ohio, Daniel M.Ha8kell.
'Columbus, Ohio, Aaron F. Perry.
Di^ton, Ohio, Adam Speice.
Marietta, Ohio, Fred. A. Wheeler.
Newark, Ohio, Geo. P. Conrad.
Sandusky, Ohio, David Powers.
Steubenville, Ohio, F. A. Wells.
'Toledo, Ohio, Hez. D. Mason.
Zanesville, Ohio, Isaac Dillon.
Adrian, Mich. W. M. Comstock
Ann Arbor, Mich. Caleb Clark.
CaUes.
Detroit, Mich.
Jackson, Mich.
Kalamazoo, Mich.
Pontiac, Mich.
Evansville, Ind.
Indianapolis, Ind.
La&yette, Ind.
Madison, Ind.
New Albany, Ind.
Terre Haute, Ind.
Vincennes, Ind.
Alton, 111.
Chicago, 111.
Galena, 111.
Jacksonville, 111.
Kaskaskia, lU.
Peoria, 111.
Quincy, 111.
'Shawneetown , 111 .
Springfield, 111.
Independence, Mo.
Jefferson Bar., Mo.
Jefferson City, Mo.
St. Louis, Mo.
Bloomington, lo.
Madison, Wise.
Milwaukee, Wise.
Monterey, Cal.
San Francisco, Cal.
Astoria, Oregon,
Oregon City, Or.
Fort Kearny,
St. Pauls, Min.
loe
PcMAmaotora.
A. S. Williams.
James A. Dyer.
D. S. Walbridgcu
John M. Smith.
Wm. H.Chandlei.
A. W. Russell.
Daniel Brawley.
C. P. J. Arion.
Geo. H. HarriaoB.
Jas. T. Moffiii.
Lewis L. Watson.
Timothy Souther.
Rich*d L. Wilson.
Wm. P. Millard.
£ben*r T. MUler.
J. D. Spindle.
John King.
Abraham Jonas.
Jos. B. Barger.
Abner G. Ellis.
G.R.Hotsenpillar.
Geo. Stevenson.
Thos. W.Cloney.
Archib. Gamble.
Nathan L. Stout.
James Morrison.
EHsha Star.
William G.Marcy .
J. B. Moore.
John Adair.
Jas. D. Holemaen.
L. B. Dougherty.
Jacob W. Bass.
Collectors of Customs in trx Principal Poets.
[Corrected !q the Treasury Department, August 1, I860.]
Poits. Ck)lleetorB.
Bangor, Me. Wm.CHammatt
Bath, Me.
Belfitst, Me.
Castine, Me.
Eastport, Me.
Ellsworth, Me.
Benj. Randall.
M. C. Blake.
B. W. Hinckley.
Daniel Kilby.
Charles Peters.
10
Pons. OoUecton.
Kennebunk, Me. Daniel Remick.
Machias, Me.
Portland, M^*
Saco, Me.
Waldoboro*, Me.
Wiscasset, Me.
Wm. B Smith.
Luther Jewett
Joseph T.Nye.
Bela B. Haskell.
Jeremiah Bailey.
lib
UNITED STfTES.
[1861.
Porta. GoUectora.
York, Me. Nath.G. Marehall
PortBmouth, N. H. Lory Odell.
Barngtable, Ms. Ebenezer Bacon.
BoBton, Ms. Philip Greely, Jr.
Edgartown, Ms Leavitt Thaxter.
Fa]l River, Ms. Sam'l L. Thaxter.
Gloucester, Ms. Frederic G. Low.
Marblehead, Ms. James Gregory.
Nantucket, Ms. Wm. R. Easton.
New Bedford, Ms. Wm. T. Russell.
Newburyport, Ms. H. W. Kinsman.
Plymouth, Ms. Thomas Hedge.
Salem, Ms. Ephraim F.Miller.
Bristol, R. I. Jona. R. Bullock.
Newport, R. I. E. W. Lawton.
Providence, R. I. Wm. R. Watson.
Alburgh, Vt. Albert L. Catlin.
Fairfield, Ct. Wm. H. Peet.
Middletown, Ct. Samuel Cooper.
New Haven, Ct. James Donagfae.
New London, Ct. NicoU Fosdick.
Stonington, Ct. Oliver York.
Buffalo, N. Y. Levi Allen.
C. Vincent, N Y. G. S. Sackett
Lewiston, N. Y. Franklin Spalding.
New York, N. Y. Hugh Maxwell.
Ogdensburg^N. Y.James C Barter.
Oswego, N. Y. Jacob Richardson.
Plattsburg, N. Y. Ezra Smith.
Rochester, N. Y. Eliaa Pond.
Backet's H*r, N. Y. Dan'l M'Culloch.
Sag Harbour, N.Y. Edwin Rose.
Bargaintown,N. J. Rich'dC. Holmes.
Bridgetown, N. J. Ephraim Buck.
Lamberton, N. J. Hiram Lenox.
Newark, N. J. Fred. S. Thomas.
Perth Amboy, N.J. CM K.Smith.
Tuckerton, N. J. J. D. Thompson.
Erie, Pa. W. M. Gallagher.
Philadelphia, Pa. Wm. D. Lewis.
Wilmington, Del. Charles Polk.
Annapolis, Md. Thomas Ireland.
Baltimore, Md. George P. Kane.
Oxford, Md. John. H. Allep.
Vienna, Md. H. C. Hicks.
Georgetown, D. C. Henry Addison. |
Ports. CftUeetors.
Alexandria, Va. Joseph Eaches.
Cherry Stone, Va. P. S. Bowdoin.
Norfolk, Va. Wm. Gamett.
Petersburg, Va. Wm. F. Bowden.
Richmond, Va. L. H. Trigg.
Tappahann*k, Va. Jefferson Minor.
YorktowD, Va. Wm. S. Mallioote.
Beaufort, N. C. J. £. Gibble.
Edenton, N. C. Jas. £. Norfleet.
Eliza*h City.N. C. Geo. W. Charles.
Newborn, N. C. John D. Whitibrd.
Ocracoke, N. C. Joshua Taylor.
Plymouth N. C. Joseph Ramsay.
Washington, N. C. R. H. I. Blount.
Wilmington, N. C. Rob't G. Rankin.
Beaufort, S. C. B. R. Bythewood.
Charleston, S. C. Wm. J. Grayson.
Georgetown, S. C. Thomas' L. Shaw.
Darien, Geo. Armand L^fils.
Savannah, Geo. Hiram Roberts.
St. Mary's, Geo. Jpbn H Dilworth.
Apalachicola, Fa. Benj . S.^ Hawley .
Jacksonville, Fa. Isaiah D. Hart.
Key West, Fa. S. J. Douglass.
Pensacola, Fa. Robert Mitchell.
St. Marks, Fa. Rob't W. Allston.
St. Augustine, Fa. James R.Sanchez.
Mobile, Ala. John J. Walker.
Natchez, Miss. Chas. R. Railey.
Shieldsboro', Miss. Willis D. Arnold.
Vicksburg, Miss. James Gwinn.
Franklin, La. R. N. M'Millan.
New Orleans, La. Sam'l J. Peters.
Galveston, Texas, Wm. R. Smith.
Sabine, Texas, H H. W. Augusten.
Saluria, Texas, Alex. Somerville.
Brazos Santiago,T. John S. Rhea.
Cleveland, Ohio, C. L. Russell.
Maumee, Ohio, J. H. Forsyth.
Sandusky, Ohio, John Youngs.
Chicago, 111. Jacob Russell.
Detroit, Mich. Oliver M. Hyde.
Michil'ck, Mich. Charles E. Avery.
Oregon, O. T. D. B. St. John.
San Franciaco,Cal. James Collier.
f
1851.] RE0I8TER8 AND RECEIVERS Or THE LAND-OFFICE.
Naval Officers in Cffiee August 27, 1850.
Ill
Namei. Districta.
John McClintock, Portsmouth, N. H
Thomas J. Gla>k, Newbury port, Ms.
William Brown, Salem, Ms.
Charles Hudson, Boston, Ms.
Adam S. Coe, Newport, R I.
Moses Richardson, Providence, R. I.
Philip Hone, New York, N. Y.
Namea. Districta.
Peter C. Ellmaker, Philadelphia, Pa.
Thomas K. Carroll, Baltimore, Md.
Thomas Gatewood, Norfolk, Va.
James G. Green, Wilmington, N.C.
Henry M.Howard, Charleston, S. C.
Bryan Morell, Savannah, Ga.
Manuel J. Garcia, New Orleans, La.
Rboistsrs, Receivers, Surveyors, ind Geologists connected with
THE Land-Office.
Jfames of Registers and Receivers in Office August 24<A, 1850.
State.
AlibamA,
u
u
u
u
CI
((
(C
Arkansas,
a
cc
((
(C
((
u
Florida,
((
C(
Illinois,
ii
C(
M
((
CC
CC
CC
tt
CC
Indiana,
CC
CC
it
u
CC
Place.
St. Stephens,
Cahawba,
Huntsville,
Tuscaloosa,
Sparta,
Demopolis,
Montgomery,
Lebanon,
Batesville,
Little Rock,
Washington,
Fayette viile,
Helena,
Clarksville,
Champagnolle,
Tallahassee,
St. Augustine,
Newnansville,
Shawneetown,
Kaskaskia,
Edwardsville,
Vandalia,
Palestine,
Springfield,
Danville,
Quincy,
Dixon,
Chicago,
Jeffersonville,
Vincennes,
Indianapolis,
Crawfbrdsviile,
Fort Wayne,
Winamac,
Registers.
James Magoffin,
Alanson Saltmarsh,
John J. Coleman,
Monroe Donoho,
Wade H. Greening,
Lewis B. McCarty,
Duncan B. Graham,
Sampson Clayton,
James H. Patterson,
William W. Adams,
William H. Etter,
James H. Stirman,
Henry F. Mooney,
John £. Manly,
William E. Powell,
H. R. W. Andrews,
William H.Simmons
Samuel Russell,
Andrew McCallen,
Ferdinand Maxwell,
Matthew Gillespie,
James M. Davis,
John M. McLean,
Turner R. King,
David Clapp,
Henry Asoury,
Silas Noble,
Alfred Cowles,
James Scott,
John C. Clarke,
W. H. L. Noble,
John Ewing,
Samuel B ronton,
Daniel Sigler,
Beceirera.
Elijah H. Gordy.
Wm. W. Fambro.
Samuel Cruse.
Edward F. Comegys.
Andrew Jav.
David £. Moore.
Nimrod £. Benson.
Peter L Walker.
C. F. M. Noland.
C. P. Bertrand.
B. F. Hempstead.
Rich'dM.Thruston.
William H. Ringo.
William Goodrich.
Ezra Hill.
John W. Arsyle.
Thomas T. Russell.
S. F. Halliday.
John W. Norton.
E. C. Coffin.
J. G. Cameron.
James T. B. Stapp.
Jesse K. Dubois.
Walter Davis.
J. H. Murphy.
Henry V. Sullivan.
Cyrus Aldrich.
John H. Kinzie.
Sam*l Merriwether.
Robert N. Carnan.
John H. Thompson.
John Baird.
Small wood Noel.
Rofus Hewett.
lid
UNITED STATES.
[1651.
State.
Iowa,
iC
Louisiana,
(C
MlCHIGAir,
M
U
ft
U
Mississippi,
44
((
((
cc
<(
Missouri,
((
C(
(C
(C
C(
4i
C(
Place.
Registers.
Otfto,
C(
Wisconsin,
it
MiNESOTA,
Du Buque,
Fairfield,
Iowa Cily,
New Orleans,
Opelousas,
Ouachita,
Greensburg,
Natchitoches,
Detroit,
Kalamazoo,
Genesee,
Ionia,
Sault Ste. Marie,
Washington,
Auffusta,
Jackson,
Grenada,
Columbus,
Pontotoc,
St. Louis,
Fayette,
Pain\yra,
Jacksoti,
Clinton,
Springfield,
Piattsburg,
Milan,
Chillicothe,
Defiance,
Mineral Point,
Green Bay,
Milwaukee,
Willow River,
Stillwater,
Receiven.
Thomas McKnight,
George Wilson,
Jesse Bo wen,
Charles Fitz,
Evariste de Baillon,
H. O. McEnery,
Thomas Webb,
Hugh y. Waddell,
Lansing B. Mizner,
Isaac MofTatt,
Cornelius Rosevelt,
Lewis S. Loyell,
Henry Acker,
Thom. W.Newman,
J. L. Allen.
Austin Morgan,
William Hunley,
William Dowsing,
John T. Brooks,
Alton Long,
Samuel B. Todd,
James F Mahan,
G. W. Davis,
Andrew M. Tutt,
John Dade,
Thomas £. Birch,
Jacamiah Seaman,
Anthony Walke,
Abner Root,
George H. Slaughter,
Harry F. Brown,
Paraplete Potter,
Francis P. Catlin,
Abra'm Van Vorhes.
Mordecai Mobley.
Wm. H. Wallace.
Easton Morris.
Rosemond d' Armas.
Robert Benguerel.
John Dinkgrave.
John Corkern.
John Laplace.
Ezra Rood.
Horace Mower.
George M. Dewey.
Stephen F. Page. ^
Andrew Backus.
Wm.N.Whitehurst.
Gideon Fitz.,
Septimas Caldwell.
George R. Clayton.
James W. Drake.
Richard B.. Dallam.
Samuel C. Major.
Robert H. Griffith.
Ralph Guild.
Thomas Allen.
Marcus Boyd.
John T. Hughes.
Abnor Gilstrap.
Seneca W. Ely.
William Sheffield.
Chas. L. Stevenson.
Edgar Conklin.
Chas. H. Williams.
Moses S. Gibson.
Nath'lGreen Wilcox
Surveyors- General of the PubUe Lands,
Districts. Names o( Surveyors.
Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan, Charles Noble,
Illinois and Missouri,
Alabama,
Louisiana,
Arkansas,
Wisconsin and Iowa,
Florida,
Recorder cf Land Titles.
Adolphe Renard, St. Louis, Mo.
Geologists.
D. D. Owen, for Wisconsin and Iowa.
Meriwether L. Clark,
James H. Weakley,
Charles A. Bradford,
Robert W. Boyd,
Lorenzo Gibson,
Caleb H. Booth,
Benjamin A. Putnam.
J. W. Foster,
and
J. D.Whitney,
Residence. .
Detroit, Mich.
St. Louis, Mo.
Florence.
Jackson.
Donaldsonville.
Rockport.
Du Buque, Iowa.
St. Augustine.
for Michigan.
1851.]
ARMY PENSION AGENTS.
U3
IiiDiAN SupSKurTSHDENTs AND A«KiiT8 m Qfice jtug. 24, 1850.
Superintendents of Indian Affairs*
Name. Residfloca.
David D, Mitchell, St.Louis,Mo.
John Drenner (^ct. Sup*t
and Choctaw Agent)^ Fort Gibson.
Name. Baaidence.
Chas. P. Babcock (Act. Sup't
and Mackinac Agent) ^ Detroit,Mich.
Oregon.
Name. Residence.
Luke Lea, Fort Leavenworth.
Jas. S. Calhoun, Santa F6.
, Salt Lake, Califor.
Chas. N. Handy, Osage River.
Jona. £. Fletcher, Winnebago.
Thos. Fitzpatrick, Upper Platte.
Anson Dart,
Indian Agents.
Name.
William Butler,
Philip Raifbrd,
G. W. Long,
Anson G. Henry, Oregon.
H. H. Spaulding,
Residence.
Cherokee Agency.
Creek' «
Chickasaw ^
(i
Indian
Name. Sub-Agencjr.
Andrew 5. Dom, Neosho.
Wm. H. Bruce, Green Bay.
. J T u « ( Sacramento and
Adam Johnston,^ San Joaquim.
John C. Hays, Rio Gila.
Wm. Hatten, Upper Missouri.
John £. Barrow, Council Blufli.
Thos. Mosely, Jr., Wyandott.
Stephen P. Mead, New York.
Henry Harney, Osage.
Nath'l McLean, St Peters.
Wm.P.RichardaoD,Great Nemaha.
Suh-Agents,
Name. Sub-Agencjr.
Marcellus Duval, Seminole.
David Aitkin, Sault Ste. Marie.
Geo. C. Preston, ^ Located at differ-
James S. Parish, > ent places in Or-
J. Q. Thornton, ) «gon-
J. S. Livermore, La Polnte, Wise.
John H. Rollins, \ ^P^^|ig^«*°* *^'
Jos. W. McKean, Issuing Com'sary.
WilUam. Wilson, " •*
Henry A. Powers, '* **
Army FsHSiofl-AoxRTS in Office August 24, 1850.
Name.
Wm. E. Woodruff,
Wm. H. Moore,
Jas. H. Dearing,
James Perrine,
Charles Boswell,
Jacob Aldrichs,
Arthur M. Reed,
Francis H. Flagg,
James S. Morel,
J. F. D. Lanier,
Place.
Little Rock, Ark.
Huntsville, Ala.
Tnsbaloosa, "
Mobile, «<
Hartford, Ct.
Wilmington, Del.
Jacksonville, Fl.
Tallahassee, '*
Savannah, Ga.
Madison, Indiana.
10*
Name.
Thos. Danfbrth,
Wm. S. Wallace,
F. E. Bissell,
Wm. R. Vance,
GreenbVy Dorsey,
Wm. Woodbury,
Wm. C.Anderson,
E. P. Hastings,
Franklin Haven,
James Swan,
Place.
New Albany, Ind.
Springfield, 111.
Iowa.
Louisville, Ky.
New Orleans, La.
Portland, Me.
St. Louis, Mo.
Detroit, Mich.
Boston, Mass.
Baltimore, Md.
114
UNITKD 8ATBS.
[1851
NSBt.
D.-N. Burrows,
John Kelley,
Israel W. Kelley,
P. M. Irring,
Thos. W. Olcott,
James Hiiske,
Phil. Dickinson,
James Hall,
Jas. R. Snowden,
Wm. J. Howard,
Paris Hill,
John C. Cochran,
PlacA.
Jackson, Miss.
Portsmouth, N. H.
Concord} N. H.
New York, N. Y.
Albany, N. Y.
Fayetleville, N.C.
Trenton, N. J.
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Pittsburg, Pa.
Providence, R. I.
Charleston, S. C.
Nams. Placs.
C. C. Abernathy, Pulaski, Tenn.
J. S. H. Tomlin, Jackson, '<
Wm. K. Blair, Jonesboro*, **
John Cocke, Jr., Knoxville, **
Joel M. Smith, Nashville, "
Thomas Reed, Montpelier, Vt.
John H. Peck, Burlington, '*
F. M. Lawson, Richmond, Va.
G.S.Thompson, Wheeling, "
Paraclete Potter, Milwaukee, Wise.
J. H. Lathrop, Washington, D. C.
jTheophilus Magruder, Oregon City*
Navt Pxnsion Agents in Office August S4, 1850.
Name.
Wm. Woodbury,
Samuel Cusbman,
Isaac P. Davis,
Paris Hill,
H. Goodwin, 2d,
P. M. Wetmore,
P. DickinsoB,
S. D. Patterson,
Wm. J. Howard,
Jacob Aldrichs,
Place.
Portland, Me.
Portsmouth, N.H.
Boston, Mass.
Providence, R. I.
Hartford, Ct.
N. York, N. Y.
Trenton, N. J.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Pittsburg, Pa.
Wilmington, Del.
Name.
Joseph White,
George Loyall,
B. D. Heriot,
Octavius Cohen,
Place.
Baltimore, Md.
Norfolk, Va.
Charleston, S C.
Savannah, Ga.
Walker Anderson, Pensacola, Fl.
G. Dorsey, N. Orleans, La.
Wm R. Vance, Louisville, Ky.
James Hall, Cincinnati, Oh.
W. C. Anderson, St. Louis, Mo.
J. H. Lathrop, Washington, D.C
III. ARMY LIST.
I. WiNFiBLD Scott, Major- General, (commissioned June 25, 1841,) Gen^
eral-inr Chief, Head-quarters at Washington.
*John E. Wool, Brigadier- General, commissioned Jane 25, 1841.
•David E. Twiggs, « «« June 30, 1846.
*Roger Jones, Adjutant- General.
tG. A. McCall, Inapeetor- General of the Army,
*Thomas S. Jesup, Quartermaster- General,
*Georg6 Gibson, Commissary- General,
tThomas Lawson, Surgeon- General.
*Nathan Towson, Paymaster- General.
tCol. Joseph G. Totten, Chief Engineer.
Col. J. J. Abert, Chief Topographical Engineer,
tCol. George Talcott, Chief of Ordnance.
Brevet-Major J. F. Lee, Judge Advocate.
* Maj.-G«a. by brwet
t Br!g.-Gen. by brevet.
} Oolonei by brevet
1851.]
ARMY LIST
115
3. Field Officers of vhb Corps of Enoiivekrs, Topographical
EnGIITBSRS, and ORDlTAirCE, AND OF ReOIHENTS.
Engineers,
tCol. Joseph G. Totten,
tLieat-ColrSylyanus Thayer,
«« R. £. De Ruseey^
IMajor John L. Smith,
" William H. Chase,
«< Richard Delafield,
" C. A. Ogden.
Topographical Engineers.
Col. John J. Abert,
Lieut-Col. James Kearney,
§ Major Stephen H. Long,
" Hartman Bache,
^ James' D. Graham,
t " William TurnbuU.
Ordnance Department,
tCoI. George Talcott,
Lieut.-Col. Henry K. Craig,
§ Major Rufus L. Baker,
§ " James W. Ripley,
-** John Symington,
" William H. Bell.
First Dragoons,
*CoL T. T. Fauntleroy,
tLieut.-Col. E. V. Sumner,
§ Major Benjamin L. Beall.
•* G. A. H. Blake.
Second Dragoons.
f Col. William S. Harney,
Lieut.-Col. Nathan Boone,
§ Major Philip St. G. Cooke,
<• Marshall S. Howe.
Movfttted BxfUmen,
•Col. Persifer F. Smith,
tLieut -Col. W. W. Loring,
Major W. F. Sanderson,
" G. B. Crittenden.
First ArtiUery.
Col. I. B. Crane,
Lieut.-Col. L. Whiting,
t «' Thomas Childs,
X " Justin Dimick.
Second Jhtillery,
tCol. James Bankhead,
Lieut.-Col. John Erring,
$ Major John Munroe,
§ " P. H. Gait.
Third Artillery.
Col. William Gates,
tLieut-Col. F. S. Bellon,
§ Major John M. Washington,
^ Charles S. Merchant.
Fourth Artillery,
fCoI.J. B. Walbach,
tLieut.-Col. M. M. Payne.
tMajor John L. Gardner,
«« Giles Porter.
First Infantry.
tCol. B. Riley,
tLieut.-Col. H. Wilson,
Major Edgar S. Hawkins,
§ " Thompson Morris.
Second Infantry,
"Col. Hugh Brady,
Lieut.-CoL W. R. Jouett,
Major Washington Seawell,
Albert S. Miller.
(«
Third Jf^mUry.
Col. J. B.Many,
tLieut.-Col. E. A. Hitchcock,
§ Major G. A. McCall,
Gouverneur Morris.
C4
Fourth Infantry.
Col. William Whistler,
Lieut.-Col. B. L. E. Bonneville,
tMajor Francis Lee,
t " George Wright
Fifth Infantry.
*Col. G M. Brooke,
tLieut.-Col. W. G. Belknap,
§ Major Dixon S. Miles,
§ " J. J. Abercrombie.
*Maj.-Gen. by brsyet fBrig.-Oea. by brevet. tCkil. by brevet f Lieut.-Col. by bre?et
116 UMITKO STATES. [1851.
Sixth InfaxiJtry,
fCol. Newman S. Clarke,
Lieut-Col. G. Loomis, '
Major Thomas P. Gwynne,
«' J. J. B. Kingsbury.
Seventh Infantry,
fCoI. M. Arbuckle,
tLieut.-Col. Joseph Pljrmpton,
§ Major Henry Baiobridge,
^ George Andrews.
Eighth Iitfantry,
tCol. John Garland,
|Lieut.-Co].. Thomas Staniford.
fMijor Carlos A. Waite,
** P. Morrison.
3. Military Geographical Divisions.
The Eastern Division, composed of the 1st, 2d, 3d, and 4th Military De-
partments, comprises the followiug States : — Maine, New Hampshire,
Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia^ North Carolina,
South Carolina, and Georgia ; and the portion of Florida and Wisconsin
east of a line drawn from Fond du Lac, Lake Superior, to Cape Sable,
Florida.
The Western Division^ composed of the 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th Mili-
tary Departments, is situated within the following limits: —
The country west of the line from Fond du Lac to Cape Sable (except
Oregon and California), embracing the part of Wisconsin west of said line ;
Minesota; the States of Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Ar-
kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Texas ; the part of Florida
west of said line ; the Indian country west of the Mississippi River; and
the Territory of New Mexico.
The Pae^ Division, composed of the 10th and llth Military Depart-
ments, comprises the territories of California and Oregon.
The Head-quarters of the Army are in IVashington.
The Head-quarters of the Eastern Division are at Troy, N. Y.
The Head-quarters of the Western Division are at New Orleans, La.
The Head-quarters of the Pacific Division are at Sonoma, Cal.
4. Military Geographical Depirtheitts.
No. 1. Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island,
and Connecticut.
No. 2. Michigan, Wisconsin (east of the line from Fond du Lac to Cape
Sable), Ohio, and Indiana. Head-Quarters at Detroit.
No. 3. New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Mary-
land.
The Head-quarters of Departments No. 1 and 3 are at Troy, New York.
No. 4. Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and that part
of Florida lying within the Eastern Division. Head-quarters at r ort
Monroe, Va.
No. 5. The portion of Florida within the Western Division, the States
of Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Kentucky. Head-
quarters at New Orleans.
No. 6. Wisconsin (west of the line from Fond du Lac to Cape Sable),
Iowa, Illinois, and Missouri, above the 37th degree of north latitude.
Head-ouarters at St. Louis.
No. 7. The country west of the Mississippi, south of the 37th degree of
north latitude, north of Louisiana and Texas, and east of Department No.
9. Head-quarters at .
tBrig.Gen. b/ brevet. IGoloool by bre?eU SLleutfOol. by bieret.
1851.]
ARMY U8T.
117
. No. 8. That part of Texas lying south and east of a line drawn ihnn a
point on the Rio Grande, opposite the southernmost limit of the island south
of £1 Paso, containing the towns of San Eiizario, Socorra, and Isletta, to the
junction of the Ensenada Choctau (Choctaw Creek) with the Colorado or
Red River, and down said river to Arkansas. Head -quarters at San Antonio.
No. 9. New Mexico, and the terj'itory north and west of the aforesaid
line from the Rio Grande to and down the Colorado or Red River, former-
ly claimed as a part of New Mexico. Head-quarters at Santa F^.
No. 10. The Territory of California. Head-quarters at Monterey.
No. 11. The Territoiy of Oregon.
5. Arsxhals.
Posts.
Kennebec,
Watertown,
Champlaln,
Watervliet,
Rome,
Alleghany,
Frankfora,
PikesviUe,
Washingtoni
Bellonaj
St. Louia,
Baton Bouge,
Mount Vernon,
Detroit,
North Carolina,
Charleston,
Apalachicola,
Little Rock,
Slate or Tairitoiy
Maine,
Maasachuaetts,
Vermont,
New York,
((
Pennaylvania,
<t
Maryland,
Dist. of Columhla,
Virginia^
Missouri,
Louisiana,
Alabama,
Michigan,
North Carolina,
Strath Carolina,
Florida,
Arkansas,
Poet-Offica.
Augusta,
Watertown,
Vergennes.
Watervliet,
Rome.
Pittsburg.
Frankfora,
PikesviUe,
Washington,
Bellona.
St. Louis,
Baton Rouge,
Mount Vernon,
Dearbonville,
FayetteTiDe,
Charleston,
Chattahoochee.
Little Rock,
Permanent Commanders
1 Lt. R. A. Wainright,
Bvt Maj. W.A. Thornton,
Bn. Lt.-GoL R. L. Baker,
Capt. E. Harding,
Bn. M. G. T>. Ramsey,
Gapt. L. A. B. Walbach,
Bvt. Maj. A. Bfordecai,
Maj. W. H. Bell,
Cfept. R. H. K. Whiteley,
1 Lt. A. H. Dearborn,
Bvt. Capt. F. D. Callen,
der,
Capt. J. A. J. Bradford,
Bvt. Maj. P. V. Hagnei^
Capt. J. M. Morgan,
R«£iment
anaCorps.
Ordnance.
Ordnance.
Ordnance.^
Ordnance.
Ordnance.
Ordnance.
Ordnance.
Ordnance.
Ordnance.
Ordnance.
Ordnance.
Ordnance.
Ordnance.
Ordnance.
6. Military Posts.
State or Terrt-
tory.
JPermanent 6om-
manders.
Poets.
Eastern Division.
i)tpartnunt No. 1.
Foit SuUivaa,
Fort Preble,
Port Constitution,
Fort Independence,
Fort Warren,
Fort Adama, )
Fort Wolcott, S
Fort Trumbull,
Dep ari ment No, 2.
Fort Bradv
Port MacKinac,
Port Gratiot,
Detroit Barracks,
Fort Howard,
Department No, 3.
Fort Niagara,
Fort Ontario^
Madison Barracks,
Plattsburg Barracks,
West Point,
Fori Columbus,
Fort Wood,
Port Hamilton,
Fbrt La&yette,
1
I:)
Maine,
cc
N. Hampshire,
Massachusetts,
((
Rhode Island,
Qonnectleut,
Michigan,
tt
tt
it
Wisconsin,
New York,
II
II
II
«i
New York bar
hour, N. Y.
Poet-Office.
Eastport,
Portland,
Portsmouth,
Boston,
CI
Newport,
New London,
Sault Ste. Marie,
Mackinac,
Fort Gratiot,
Detroit,
Green Bay, •
Youngstown,
Oswego,
Backet's Harbour,
Plattsburg,
West Point,
New York,
Fort BamUton,
6vt.Lt.Col. M. Burke,
Bvt. Maj. R. Anderson,
Bvt. Lteut.-Col. I. M.
Washington.
Garrison temporarily
CoL W. Gales,
Bvt. Col. F. 8. Belton,
l8tLt.T.R.McConneU,
Bvt.Maj.C.H.Larnard
Bvt. Mai. B. Alvord,
Col. W. Whistler,
Bvt. Col. F. Lee,
Bvt. Lt.-CoI. R. C. Bu-
chanan,
Bvt. Col. G. Wright,
Lt.-Co1. BonneviUe,
Capt. H. D. Wallen,
Capt. H. Brewerton,
Cnl. J. B. Crane,
Not garrisoned,
LieuL-GoLU Whiting,
tt
tt
Regiment arul
Corps.
3d artillery.
3d anillerj.
8d artillery.
withdrawn,
it
3d artillery.
3d artillery.
4th infantry.
4th infontry.
4th inftntry.
4th infantry.
4th iu&ntry.
4th Infantiy.
4th infantry.
4th infiuitry.
4th in&ntiy.
Engineers,
let artillery.
1st artillery.
1st artillery.
118
UNITED 8TATS8.
[1851.
Postt.
Fort Mifflin^
Culiile Barraclu,
Fort Mi^enry,
Fort Wuhiogton, -
JOffftariment Nn. 4.
Fort Monroe,
Fort JohDson, }
Fort Caswell, \
Fort MaeoD,
Fort Moultrie, }
CuilePinckney. s
Augusta Arsenal,
OglethorfM Barracks,
Fort Marion,
WasTBRN Division.
DoMrtment No. 6.
Key West,
Fort Brooke,
Fort Pickens, 1
FortMcRea, >
Fort Morgan,
Fort Pike,
Fort Wood,
Fort Jackson,
New Orleans Barracks,
Baton Rouge Barracks,
Newport wracks,
D^Mrtment No. 6.
Fort Scott,
Fort Leavenworth,
Fort Kearny,
Fort Laramie,
Jefferson Barracks,
Fort Snelling,
Fort Gaines,
Fort on Des Moines }
River, \
Department No, 7.
Fort Towson,
Fort Washita,
Fort Gibson,
Fort on CbnadianRiver,
Department No. 8.
Fort Polk,
Fort Brown,
Ringgold Barracks, ?
Iteris Landing, \
Fort Mcintosh, Lareao,
Fort Duncan, Eagle )
Pass, J
F<H*t Inge,
Fan Lincoln, RioSeco,
San Antonio,
Fort Martin Scott,
Fort Croghan, Hamil- )
ton Creek, 3
Fort Gates, Leon River,
Fort Graham, Jose )
Maria Village, \
Fort Worth, Trinity )
River, S
Fon Merrill,
State or Terri-
tory.
Pennsylvania,
Posl-Offloe.
Permanent Gommaadois.
tt
Maryland,
II
tt
Arkansas Ter.
tt
Virginia,
North Carolina,
((
Charleston har-
bour, a C.
Georgia,
Florida,
Florida,
II
tt
Alabama,
Louisiana,
11
11
((
It
Kentucky,
Philadelphia,
Carlisle,
Baltimore,
Fort Washington,
Old Point Comfort,
SmIthviUe,
Beaufort,
CharlesUMt,
Augusta,
Savannah,
Sl Augustine,
Missouri,
II
CI
II
II
Ter.
11
Mlnesota Ter.
Texas,
II
II
tt
It
ti
u
I*
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
Nueces River,
Key West,
Tampa Bay,
Pensacola,
Mobile,
Fort Pike,
New Orleans,
<(
II
Baton Rouge,
Newport,
Fort Scott,
Fort Leavenworth,
Linden, Mo.
i(
Jeflforson Barracks,
Fort Snelling,
II
Fort Towson,
tt
Fort Gibson,
Point Isabel,
Brownville,
II
(I
San Antonio,
II
II
tt .
Fredericksburg,
Austin,
II
tt
tt
Corpus CbriftI,
Bvt Lleuu-Col. L. B.Web-
ster,
Bvt. Lleut.-CoL P. St. G.
Cooke,
B?t. Brig.'Gen. T. Ohilds,
Bvt. Lieut. -CoL G. Nau
man,
Bn. Brig. -Gen. J. Bank-
head,
Garrison temporarily
If
LleQt.-Co1. J Erving
Garrison temporarily
tt
tt
Regiment and
Oorpa.
Bvt Maj. W. W. Morris,
Garrison temporarily
tt
tt
It
tt
Not mnisoned.
Bvt. Maj. J. C.Pemberton,
Bvt. Maj. J. B. Scott,
Capt. N. C. Macrae,
Bvt. Maj. P.R.Thompson,
Bvt. Col. E. V. Sumner,
Bvt. Maj. R. H. Chilton,
Major Sanderson.
Bn. Col. J. Piympton,
Lieut. -Col. G. Loomis,
Capt. J. B. & Todd,
Bvt. Major S. Woods,
Capt. Isaac Lynde,
Bvt.Lieut.-Col. D. S. Miles,
Bvt. Brig -Gen. Belicnap,
Capt. R. B. Marcy,
Garrison temporarily
Major G. Porter,
Bvt. Maj. J. H. Lamotte,
2d Lieut. E. L. Vlele,
Bvt. CoL T. Morris,
Bvt. Lieut.-Col. Hardee.
Maj. P. Morrison,
Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J.Garland,
Bvt. CoL T. Stanlford,
Maj. G. A. H. Blake,
Bvt. LleuU-Ool. Montgom-
eryy
Bvt.'Lieut.*Col. Bomford,
Bvt. Major Arnold,
Bvt. Lieut.-Gol. J. J. Abe^
cromble.
1st artillery.
Cavalrpr Depot.
1st artillery.
1st artillery.
2d artillery.
withdrawn.
II
2d artillery.
withdrawn.
II
ii
4th artillery,
withdrawn.
11
11
CI
tt
4th artillery.
4th artillery.
Rec'g depot.
1 drag. & 6 Inf.
1 drag. & 6 Inf.
1 drag. &, 6 inf.
Rifles & 6 Inf.
4th art. & 7 inf
1 drag. & 6 inf.
6th In&ntry.
6th infantry.
5th infantry.
5th infantry.
5th in&ntry.
5th infontry.
withdrawn.
4th artillery.
4th art. & 1 Inf
Ist infontiy.
1st Infantry.
2 drag. & 8 Inf
2 drag, fc 8 Inf
8th Infontry.
2 drag. A; 8 inf
2 drag, dc 8 inf
8th infiuitry.
2 drag, ac 8 Inf
2 drag, k 8 Inf
Ist A 5th Inf
1851.]
A KMT LIST.
110
Posts.
Department No. 9.
Fort Marcy,
Tbos,
AlbuqneRiue,
Dona Ana,
Socorro,
El Paso del Norta^
Sun ElisariOj
LaaYegas,
Thxbd, or Pacifxo
Division.
Department Ho. 10.
San Francisco,
Benicia,
Camp Stanislaus,
Gamp Par West,
Monterey,
Ssn Luis Ray,
San Diego,
Dqurtment No. II.*
Nesqually, Puget's;
Sound, 5
Fort Vancourer,
Fort HaU,
State or TBrri-
tory.
New Mexico,
M
C<
a
(I
«
California,
Orogmi,
Post-Offices.
SanU F6,
II
II
San Fnnciaco,
Benicia,
Stockton,
Sutter's Fort,
Monterey,
San Diego,
Nesqually,
(YancouTer,
Linden, Mo.
Permanent Commanders.
Byt. Col. J. Munroe,
Bvt Lieut. -Col. Beall,
Maj. M. S. Howe,
Bvt. Maj. R Steen,
Bn. Col. C. A. Mar,
BvU Maj. J. Yan Home,
Bvt. Maj. W. S. Henry,
Bn. LieuL-CoL K B. Al-
exander,
Gape R D. Eeyea,
Maj. W. Seawall,
Maj. A. & Miller,
Capt. H. Day,
Capt. H. S. Burton,
Bvk Maj. E H.FitBgerald,
Bn. Maj. Heintceiman,
Capt. B. H. HiU,
Bvt. Major Hathaway,
Bn. Lieut.-Col. Porter,
Regiment and
^ Corps.
2 art. & 3 inf.
1st dragoons.
2 drag. & 3 inf.
I drag & 3 inf.
2d dragoons.
3d infantry.
3d in&ntiy.
3daitil]«7.
3d artillery.
2d infimtry.
1 drac . A; 2 ittC
2d infantry.
3d artillery.
1st dragoons,
ad infantry.
1st artillery.
1st artillery.
Rifles.
7. Militia Force of thb United States.
Mstractafthe United States MHitia^ from the Army Register for 1850.
States
and
Territories.
For
what
year.
Gen-
eral
Offi-
cers.
General
Staff
Officers.
Field
Officers,
Com-
Officers.
7V>tal
Commis-
sioned
^Officers.
Non-commis>
sioned Offi-
cers, Musi-
cians, Artifi-
cers, & PriT.
Aggre-
gate.
Maine,
1845
26
96
540
1,659
2,330
42,345
44,665
N. Hampshire.
1S49
12
54
339
1,118
1,523
26,344
27,867
Massachusetts,
1849
7
35
78
357
477
101,304
101,781
Yermont,
1843
12
51
224
801
1,088
22,627
23,915
Rhode Island,
1847
6
21
42
9
78
14,068
14,146
Connecticut,
1846
11
38
292
983
1.324
56,395
57,719
New York,
1849
127
375
1,766
5,525
7,783
193,669
201,452
New Jersey,
1829
19
58
436
1,476
1,988
37,133
39,171
Pennsylmnia,
1847
55
164
1,246
6,064
7,518
268,662
276,070
Delaware.
Maryland,
1827
4
8
71
364
447
8,782
9,229
1838
22
67
544
, 1.763
2,397
44,467
46,864
Yirginia,
1849
23
62
1,396
5,260
6,746
117,456
124,202
North Carolina.
1845
28
133
657
3,449
4,267
75,181
79,448
South Carolina
1848
19
96
452
2,024
2,691
62,618
55,209
Georgia,
1839
36
98
746
2,212
3,092
64,220
57,312
Alabama,
1848
30
187
664
1,382
2,163
42,168
44,331
Louisiana,
1847
10
65
159
1,168
1,392
42,431
43,823
Mississippi,
I8;«{
15
70
392
348
825
36,289
36,064
Tennessee,
1840
26
79
859
2,644
3,607
67,645
71,252
Kentucky,
1849
43
155
1,136
3,459
4,793
83,836
88,629
Ohio,
1845
91
217
462
1,281
2,061
174,404
176,465
Indiana,
1832
31
110
666
2,154
2,861
51,062
53,913
niinois.
1841
•
-
—
• ^
—
■>
83,234
Missouri,
1844
45
94
790
2,990
3,919
67,081
61,000
Arkansas,
1843
8
29
310
762
1,109
16,028
17,137
Michigan,
1849
27
146
378
2,120
2,671
67,346
60,017
Florida,
1845
3
14
96
508
6ao
11,502
12,122
Texas,
1847
16
45
248
940
1,248
18,518
19.766
Iowa,
—
m.
—
>
-.
.
~
.
Wisconsin,
1848
9
31
212
1,662
1,804
30,399
32,203
Oregon Ter.,
•
.
—
•
•
.
•
.
MinesotaTer.,
.
.
—
•
«
_
.
_
D. of Columbia.
1832
1
3
24
68
96
1,163
1,249
■• Total, 1
7rt6
2,591
i5,0i2
64,430 .
^2,798
1,804,1^
i,d6d,d66
* The other posta in this dapaitment are not yet known.
ISO
UNtTSO 8TA.TK8.
[1851.
8. Table of Pay, SuBsiflTENci, Forage, etc., or Army Officers.
Pay.
Subsist*
BNClB.
FOBAOB.
Sbryamts.
20 cents |8 p. mo.
Pay. Ac.
or a
for each
for each
K
Sank axd GLAsaiFioAnoif of
Ofticxius.
Ration.
Horse.
Private.
S
!
i
1 51
ill
|-
ll
Per Moi
No.ofRa
Monthly
mutation
No. of He
Monthly
mutation
"8
Monthly
mutation
i
Majo^General,
8fiM)JM)
15
|90
3 k24
4
|62iX)
•376.00
Aide-de-camp, besides pay of Lieutenant,
34.00
1
'6
I
8
38.00
Brigadier-General,
104.00 12 1
72
3
24
3
46.60
246.60
Aide-de-camp, besides pay of Lieutenant,
20.00
1
8
28.60
Adjutant-General, — Colonel, ...
90.00
6
36
3
24
2
33.00
183.00
Assistant Adj.-General, — Lieut.-CSolonel,
76.00
6
30
3
24
2
33.00
162.00
" " Major,
60.00
4
24
3
24
2
33.00
141.00
" " Captain,
50.00
4
24
1
8
1
16.60
93.60
Inspector-General, — Colonel,
90.00
6
36
3
24
2
33.00
ia3.oo
Quartermaste^General, — Brig. -General,
Assistant Quarterm.-Gen., — Colonel, .
104.00
2
72
3
24
3
46.50
246.60
90.00
6
36
3
24
2
33.00
183.00
Deputy Quarterm.-Gen.,—Lieut.-Colonel,
75.00
5
30
3
24
2
33.00
162.00
Quartermaster,— Major,
60.00
4
24
3
24
2
33.00
141.00
Assistant Quartermaster, — Captain,
50.00
4
24
1
8
1
16.50
98.50
Commissary-Gen. of Subsistence, —GoL,
90.00
6
36
3
24
2
33.00
183.00
Assist. Commissary-Gen., — LieuL-CoL,
76.00
6
30
3
24
2
33.00
162.00
Commissary of Subsistence, — Major,
60.00
4
24
3
24
2
33.00
141.00
" " Captain, .
Assistant Comm'y, besides pay of Lieut,
60.00
4
24
1
8
1
16.60
98.50
20.00
20.00
Paymaster-General, 92,500 per annum, .
208.33
Deputy Paymaster-General, .
75.00
6
30
3
24
2
33.00
162.00
Paymaster. ......
60.0G
4
24
1
8
2
33.00
125.00
208.33
Surgeon-General, S2,500 per annum, .
Surgeons of 10 years' service, . . .
00.00
8
48
1
8
2
33.00
149.00
Sureeons of less than 10 years' service.
60.00
4
24
1
8
2
33.00
125.00
Assistant Surgeons of 10 years' service, ,
50.0Q
8
48
I
8
1
16.50
122.50
" of 5 years' service.
50.00
4
24
I
8
1
16.50
98 '50
Assist. Surg, of less than 5 years' service,
33.33
4
24
1
8
1
16.50
81.83
Enoinbbrs, — Topoo. Enginbbks, —
Obdnanob Dbpartmbnt.
Colonel. .......
90.00
6
5
36
30
3
3
24
24
2
2
33.00
33.00
183.00
162.00
Lieutenant-Colonel, ....
75.00
Major, . ,
60.00
4
24
3
24
2
33.00
141.00
Captain,
50.00
4
24
1
8
1
16.50
98.50
First Lieutenant, ......
33.33
4
24
1
8
1
16.50
81.83
Second Lieutenant, ....
33.33
4
24
1
8
1
16.50
81.83
MOUNTBD DbAGOONS AND RiFLBMBN.
Colonel,
90.00
6
36
3
24
2
33.00
183.00
Lieutenant-Colonel,
75.00
6
30
3
24
2
33.00
162.00
Major,
60.00
4
24
3
24
2
33.00
141.00
Captain,
60.0(1
4
24
2
16
1
16.50
106.50
First Lieutenant,
33.33
4
24
2
16
1
16.50
89.83
Second Lieutenant,
33.33
4
24
2
16
1
16.50
89.83
Adjutant, besides pay of Lieutenant, .
10.00
10.00
AaTiujmT AND Infantry.
Colonel,
75.00
6
36
3
24
2
31.00
166.00
Lieutenant-Colonel
60.00
5
30
3
24
2
31.00
145.00
Major,
50.00
4
24
3
24
2
31.00
129.00
Captain,
40.00
4
24
1
15.50
79 50
First Lieutenant, '
30 00
4
24
1
16.50
69.50
Second Lieutenant, . * . . .
25.00
4
24
1
15.50
64.60
Adj.and Reg.Q'rm'r, besidespay of Lieut.,
10.00
1
8
18.00
Prior to the act of June 1,7, 1850, the whole number of comoiisBioned oifi-
eere in the regular army was 882 ; that of noo-commissioned officers, musi-
cians, artificers, and privates, 9,438 ; total, 10,32Q. For the provisions of
that act, see post^ Mstraets of PuhUc Laws^ JV*o. 9.
1851.]
MATT LIST*
idl
IV. NAVY LIST.
Fox ball A. Parker,
Isaac McKeever,
Chas. S. McCauley,
C. W. Morgan,
Francis H. Gregory,
P. F. Voorheea,
1. COMMAITDERS OF SQUADRONS.
«
Commodore^
cc
u
Home Squadron.
Coast of Brazil.
Pacific Ocean.
Mediterranean.
Coast of Africa.
East Indies.
2. Commanders of Natt Yards.
Thos. W. Wyman,
John Downes,
Wm. D. Salter,
Portsmouth.
Boston.
New York.
Philadelphia.
H. £. Ballard, Washington.
John D. Sloat, Norfolk.
John Thos. Newton, Pensacola.
William F. Shields, Memphis.
George C. Reed,
3. Nayal Asylum.
Governor,
Philadelphia,
C. K. Stribling,
4. Nayal Academy.
Superintendent,
Annapolis, Md.
James Bamm.
Charles Stewart.
Charles Morris.
L. Warrington.
John Downes.
Stephen Cassia.
A. S. Wadsworth.
George C. Read.
H. E. BaUard.
Jesse WiUuDsoou
T. Ap C. Jones.
yr. B. Shubrick.
Charles W. Morgan.
L. Keamj.
Foxhall A. Parker.
E R. McGaU.
David Goonor.
5. OmCBRS OF THE NAYf.
Captains. -^ 68.
John D. Sloat.
Matthew C. Perry.
C. W. Skinner.
John T. Newton.
Joseph Smith.
L. Rousseau.
George W. Storer.
F. H. Gregory.
Philip F. Voorhees.
Davia Geisinger.
Isaac McKeever.
J. P. Zantzinger.
William D. Salter.
Charles S. McCauby.
T. M. NeweU.
E. A. F. LaveOette.
T. T. Webb.
John Perciral.
Jolm H. Aulick.
W. V. Taylor.
Bladen Dulany.
S. H. Stringham.
Isaac Mayo.
William Mervlne.
Thomas Crabbe.
Thomas Paine.
James Armstrong.
Joseph Smoot.
Samuel L. Breete.
Benjamin Page.
Thomas W. Wyman.
Andrew Fitzhugh.
W. K. Latimer.
Hiram Paulding.
Uriah P. Levy.
Charies Boarman.
French Forrest.
William Jamesaon.
Charles Gauntt.
William Ramsay.
Henry Henry.
Samuel W. Downing.
Henry W. Ogden.
Thomas A. Conover.
Jolm C. Ixme.
John H. Graham.
James M. Mcintosh.
Josiah Tattnall.
Hugh N. Page.
William Inman.
Stephen Champlin.
Commanders, — 97.
Joel Abbot.
L«wi8 E. Simonds.
John M. Dale.
Harrison H. Cocke.
WiUiamJ. McDuney.
John B. Montgomeiy.
Horace B. Sawyer.
ComaUu8E.StribUiig.
Joshua R. Sands.
John J. Young.
Charles H. Bell.
Abraham Bigelow.
Frederick Varniun.
Joseph R. Jarvis.
SamU W. Le Gompte.
Gharles T. Piatt.
11
Wm, M. Armstrong.
William F. Shields.
G. J. Pendergrast.
William C. Nicholson.
James B. Cooper.
Ed. W. Carpender.
John L. Saunders.
Joseph B. HulL
John Stone Paine.
Joseph Moreliead.
Thomas Petigru.
John S. Chauncoy.
John Kelly.
Edmund Byrne.
William H. Gardner.
David O. Farragut
188
Richard S. Pinckney.
Stephen B. Wilson.
Edward C. Rutledge.
T. Aloysius Dornin.
Rotr. B. Cunningham.
James Glvnn.
Joseph Myers.
Thomas R. Gedney.
Victor M. Randolph.
Frederic Engle.
Jolm Rudd.
Robert Ritchie.
William W. McKean.
Fnuiklin Buchanan.
Samuel Mercer.
Charles Lowndes.
L. M. Gk)Idaborough.
UWITBD STATES.
George N. Hollins.
Duncan N. Ingraham.
John Marston.
Henry Bruce.
Henry A. Adams.
James D. Knight.
Joseph Mattison.
WiUiam S. Walker.
George F. Pearson.
James T. Gerry.
John S. Nicholas.
Samuel F.Du Pont.
WiUiam L. Hudson.
George A. Magruder.
JohnPope.
Lerin M. PowelL
Charles Wilkes.
Elisha Peck.
Thomas J. Manning.
William Pearson.
William L. Howard.
Thomas J. Leib.
Thomas O. Selfridge.
Henry Eagle.
Andrew K. Long.
G. J. Van Brunt.
William M. Glendy.
George P. Upshur.
George S. Blake.
Z. F. JohnstoiL
William Green.
Samuel Barron.
[1861.
Timothy G. Benham.
A. G. Slaughter.
Oscar Bull us.
Charles H. Jackson.
Andrew A. Harwood.
Theodorus Bailey.
Hugh y. Purviance.
George Adams.
Cadwalader Ringgold.
Wm. F. Lynch.
Henry W. Morria.
Isaac S. Sterett.
Francis B. Ellison.
Edw. B. Boutwell.
Sidney Smith Lee.
Wm. C. Whittle.
6. Pay of the Nayt, per annum.
Captains, 68, senior in service,
" "on leare,
Captains of Squadrons,
Other Captains on duty,
" on leave,
CoMMANDxas, 97, in sea service,
** at navy yards, or on
otlier duty,
" on leave, Ac.,
LmrnorAiiTS, 327, conmianding,
" on other duty,
" waiting orders,
SvROBONS, 69, 1st 6 yearsi in com.,
in navy yards, &c.,
in sea service,
of tlie fleet,
2d 5 years, on leave,
at navy yards, Ac.,
in sea service,
of the fleet,
3d 5 years, on leave,
at navy yards, &c.,
in sea service,
of the fleet,
4th 5 years, on leave,
at navy yards, Ac.,
in sea service,
of the fleet,
20 years and upwards,
on leave,
at navy yards, &c.,
in sea service,
of the fleet,
Passbo Assistant Surobons, 38.
u
f<
((
((
ti
tt
u
tt
u
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
Pay
• 4,500
3,500
4,000
3,500
2,500
2,500
2,100
1,800
1,800
1,500
1,200
1,000
1,250
1,333
1,500
1,200
1,500
1,600
1,800
1,400
1,750
1,866
2,100
1,600
2,000
2,133
2,400
1,800
•2,250
2,400
2,700
Pay.
tt
tt
• 650
860
950
1,200
950
Assistant Surgeons, 43, waiting
orders,
** alter passing, dec.,
at sea,
" after passing,
at navy yards,
" " after passing, 1,150
Pursers, 64, from •1,500 to 3,500
Chaplains, 24, in sea service, l,i^)0
" on leave, &c., 800
Professors of Mathematics, 12, 1,200
Passed Midshipmen, 255, on duty, 750
" waiting orders, 600
MiosHiVMBN, 183, in sea service, 400
" on other duty, 350
" on leave, &c., 300
Masters, 21, ofshipofthelineat sea, 1,100
" on other duty, 1,000
** on leave, Ac., 750
Teachers, 2, 480
Boatswains, 39
Gunners, 45
Carpenters, 43
Sailmakers, 35
((
tt
"* of a ship of the line, >
€uad at certain yards, \ °^
> on other duty, 700
on leave, let 10 years, 500
" 2d 10 years, 600
Chief Engineer, on duty, 1st 5 years, 1,5U0
" " " after 5 years, 2,000
" ** on leave, Ist 6 years, 1,200
" " " after 5 years, 1,400
First Assistant Engineer, on duty, 1,000
860
800
600
600
400
{(
on leave,
Second Assistant Engineer, on duty,
" " " on leave.
Third Assistant Engineer, on duty,
" " " on leave,
Note. One ration per day only is allowed to each officer when attached to vessels for
sea service, since the passage of the law of the 3d of March, 1835, regulating the pay of tha
navy. T^eadiera leceive two rations per day, at 20 cents each.
1851.]
MATT LIST.
138
7. Vessvls or War of the United States Navy. — August B,ldS^
[The officen marked thus (*) have the rank of Commandera; thus (f), Lieutenants ;
the rest are Captains.]
Ships of the Line. 1 1 .
Ouns
Pefmsylyaniai 120
Franklin, 74
Columbus, 74
Ohio. 7i
North Carolina, 74
Delaware, 74
Alabama, 74
Vermont, 74
Virginia, 74
New York, 7i
New Orieaiifl, 74
Name and Rate.
Independence, Seuee, Bi
Frigates, \st Class. 12
United States, (guns) 44
Constitution, 44
Potomac, 44
Brandywine, 44
Columbia, 44
Congress, 44
Cumberland, 44
Savannah, 44
Raritan, 44
Santee, 44
Sabine, 44
St. Lawrence, 44
Frigates, %iClaMa, 2.
Constellation, 36
Macedonian, 36
Sloops of War, 22.
Saratof
Where and when built.
Commanded by
Philadelphia,
Washington,
New York,
Philadelphia,
Oosport, Va.,
1837
1815
1819
1820
1820
1820
Boston,
1848
John AdamB,
Vincennes,
Warren,
Falmouth,
Fairfield,
Vandalia,
St. Louis,
Cyane,
Levant,
Portsmouth,
Plymouth,
St. Mary's,
Jamestown,
Albany,
Germantown,
Ontario,
Decatur,
Preble,
Yorktown,
Marion,
Dale,
Brigs. 4.
Dolphin,
Porpoise,
Bainbridge,
Perry,
S^UMnsrs. 5.
Flir^
Wave,
iPhenix,
I Petrel,
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
18
16
16
16
16
16
10
10
10
10
2
1
2
1
Boston,
Philadelphia,
Boston,
Washington,
((
((
Portsmouth,
Boston,
New York,
Philadelphia,
1814
1797 ....
1797 Thomas A. Conorer,
1821
1826
1836
1841
18421
Norfolk,
Jas. M. Mcintosh,
W. K. Latimer,
18421 *Z. F. Johnston,
1843 Chas. Gauntt,
1847 Hiram Paulding,
Baltimore, 1797
Capt'd 1812, reb't 1836
Portsmouth, 1842 *Wm. S. Walker,
Charle8ton,S.C.,n799*L. M. PoweU,
New York, 1826 *W. L. Hudson,
Boston, 1826
New York,
Philadelphia,
Washington,
Boston,
New York,
Portsmouth,
Boston,
Washington,
Norfolk,
New York
Philadelphia,
Baltimore,
New York,
Portsmouth,
Norfolk,
Boston,
Philadelphia,
New York,
Boston,
((
Norfolk,
rransf d from W. D.
(( ((
u tt
1846
Purchased,
*S. Barron,
*Ja8. T. Gerry,
^^Stephen R Wilson,
George S. Biake,
Charles Boarman,
Rec'g ship, Norfolk.
« Boston.
Norfolk.
Boston.
Rec'g ship, N. York.
Nor^lk.
On stocks, Ports'th.
Boston.
On stocks, Boston.
" Norfolk.
" Sac. Har.
Mediterranean.
Norfolk.
Mediterranean.
Norfolk.
Coast of BraziL
Norfolk.
Coast of BraziL
Mediterranean.
Pacific Ocean.
South Pacific.
On stocks, Ports'th.
" N. York.
Baltic Sea.
tCh. W. Pickering,
1827l«rhomas Petigru,
1828
1828 *Wm. H. Gardner,
1828 *H. H. Cocke,
1837
1837
1843 *EUsha Peck,
1843 iThomas R. Gedney,
1844
1844
1846 •Victor M. Randolph,
1846 *Oharles Lowndes,
1813*H.Y Purviance,
1839
1839 *James Glynn,
1839 *John Marston,
1839*W.M.Glendy,
1839 *Wm. Pearson,
fThomas J. Page,
fJames L. Lardner,
1836
1836
1842
1843tA.H. Foote,
fEbenezerFarrand,
Where stationed.
Norfolk.
New York.
East Indies.
Coast of Africa.
Pacific Ocean.
it
tt
Norfolk.
Pacific Ocean.
Coast of Brazil.
Norfolk.
Coast of Africa.
East Indies.
Norfolk.
Fitting for sea,Norrk.
Home Squadron.
Rec'g ship,Baltimore.
Portsmouth.
E.ist Indim.
Coast of Africa.
East Indies.
Coast of Africa.
East Indies.
Coast of Africa.
New York.
Coast of Africa.
Home Squadron.
Coast Survey.
it
((
I Rebuilt in 1820.
134
UNITED STATES.
[185*.
Name and Rate.
Where and when built.
Commanded by
Where stationed.
Taney,
Steamers. 14.
Transf d from T. D.
tJ. C. Walsh,
Special Service.
Mississippi,^
no
Philadelphia, 1S41
John C. Long,
Mediterranean.
Susquehannah,
• • • •
• • • •
On stocks, PhiladePa.
Powhatan,
• • • •
• • • •
Norfolk.
Saranac,
Portsmouth, 1848
Josiah Tattnall,
Repairing at Norfolk.
San Jacinto,
• • • •
• • • •
On stocks, New York.
Fulton,
4
New York, 1837
• • • •
New York.
Union,
4
Norfolk, 1842 *S. F. Du Pont.
Philadelphia.
Michigan,
1
Erie, Pa., 1843
*08carBullus,
Lakes.
Alleghany,
2
Pittsburg, Pa., 1846
• • • •
Washington.
Vixen,
3
Purchased, 1846
tWilliam Smith,
Home ^uadron.
General Taylor,
TransPd from W. D.
• • • •
Pensacoik.
Water Witch,
1
Washtngton, 1845
• • • •
Washington.
Engineer,
Purchased. 1846
• • • •
Norfolk.
Mafisachusetts.
Transfd from W. D.
1S. R. Knox,
Pacific Ocean.
Storeahipa 4* Briga.
6.
Relief, ^
6
Philadelphia, 1836
tB. J. Totten,
tWilliam D. Porter,
Refitting at N.York.
Erie,
4
Baltimore, 1813
Mediterranean.
Lexington,
6
New York, 1825
t J. K. Mitchell,
<(
Southampton,
4
Norfolk, 1845
tE. L. Handy,
Pacific Ocean.
Supply,
Fredonia,
4
Purchased, 1846
tC. H. A. Kennedy,
((
4
" 1846 tF.' A. Neville, 1
((
t Paizhan.
V. THE MARINE CORPS.
The marine corps has the organization of a brigade. The pay and al-
lowances of the officers of the marine corps are the same as those ^of officers
of the same grades in the in^ntry of the army, except the adjutant and in-
spector, who have the same pay and allowances as the paymaster of the
marines. The marine corps is subject to the laws and regulations of the
navy, except when detached for service with the army by the order of the
President of the United States. The head-quarters of the corps are at
Washington.*
t Archibald Henderson, Coland'CommandarU.
Oeneral Staff.
tParke G.Howie,
t George W. Walker,
t Aug. A. Nicholson,
George F. Lindsay,
Ueulenant- Colonel.
Samuel Miller.
Majors.
John Harris,
Adjutant ^ Inspector.
Paymaster,
Quartermaster.
Assistant Qaartermaster.
Thomas A. Linton,
James Edelin,
William Dulany.
* Those officers who were dropped from the roster of the corps on the I8ih of Aogust,
1848, under the act of March 2df 1847, were restored to their former rank and pay by the
act of March 3d, 1849.
t Brigadier-General by brevet. I With the rank of Major, f With the rank of Captain.
1861.] CONGRISS, 185
VI. CONGRESS.
The CoDgresB of the United Statei consiits of a Senate and House of
RepresentatiTefl, and muit asBemble at least once every year, on the first
Monday of December, unless it is otherwise provided by law.
The Senate is composed of two members from each State ; and, of eonrse,
the regular number is now 62. They are chosen by the Ijcgislatures of
the several States, for the term of six years, one third of them being elected
biennially.
The Vice-President of the United States is the President of the Senate,
in which body he has only a casting vote, which is given in case of an
equal division of the votes of the Senators. In his absence, a President
fro tempore is chosen by the Senate.
The House of Representatives is composed of members from the several
States, elected by the people, for the term of two years. The Represent**
tives are apportioned among the difTerent States according to population.
The 31st Congress is chosen according to the act of Congress of 1842, the
ratio being "one Representative ibr every 70,680 persons in each State,
and one additional Representative for each State having a fraction greater
than one moiety of the said ratio, computed according to the rule prescribed
by the Constitution of the United States." The law of 1842 also requires,
that the Representatives of each State " shall be elected by districts com-
posed of a contiguous territory, equal in number to the number of Repre-
sentatives to which said State may be entitled, no one district electing more
than one Representative.*' The present number of Representatives is 232,
and there are two Delegates, one each from Oregon and Minesota, who have
a right to speak, but not to vote.
Since the 4th of March, 1817, the compensation of each member of the
Senate and House of Representatives has been $8 a day, during the period
of his attendance in Congress, without deduction in case of sickness; and
^ 8 for every twenty miles' travel, in the usual road, in going to and return-
ing from the seat of government. The compensation of the President of
the Senate pro tsimpore^ and the Speaker of the House of Representativei,
Is $ 16 a day.
Thirtt-first Congress. The Sehatb.
yfiVLihM R. Kino, Alabama, PrtaidmU,
(TIm figurea denote the expiration of the tenne of the SenatoTB.]
Maine,
Hannibal Hamlin, Hampden, 1851
J. W. Bradbury, Augusta, 1853
JVeio Hampshire.
John P. Hale, Dover, 1853
Moses Norris, Jr., Manchester, 1855
Vermont.
Samuel S. Phelps, Middlebury, 1851
William Upham, Montpelier, 1855
Massachusetts,
*Robt. C. Winthrop, Boston, 1851
John Davis, Worcester, 1853
• Appointed by the Ctovernor to hoki office until the Legielatun AUs the vacancy.
11*
18^
UNITBD STATES.
[Id51.
Rhode Itland.
Albert C. Greene, Providence,
John H. Clarke, Providence,
CSMMecftciU.
Roger S. Baldwin, New Haven,
Truman Smith, Litchfield,
JVtfio York,
D. S. Dickinioh, Binghampton,
Wm. H. Seward, Auburn,
JVaw Jersey .
Wra. L. Dayton, Trenton,
Jacob W. Miller, Mornttown,
Pennyslvama.
Daniel Sturgeon, Uniontown,
Jamea Cooper, Adams,
Delaware.
John Wales, Wilmington,
Prealey Spruance, Smyrna,
MaryUmd.
Thos. G. Pratt, Annapolis,
James A. Pearce, Chestertown,
Firgima,
James M. Mason, Winchester,
R.M.T.Hunter,Lloyds,EflseiL Co.
Jforth CaroUna,
W. P. Mangum, Red Mountain,!
Geo. £. Badger, Raleigh,
SouA CaroUna,
*Robt.W. Barnwell,
A. P. BuUer, Edgefield C.H.
Georgia*
John M. Berrien, Savannah,
Wm. C. Dawson, Greensboro*,
Jilabama,
J. Clemens, Huntsville,
Wm. R. King, Selma,
MissUsipfd,
Jefferson Davis, Palmyra,
Henry S. Foote, Jackson,
Louisiana,
Solo. U. Downs, Monroe,
IPierre Soul6, New Orleans, 18S5
851 Arkansas,
8531 Wm. K.Sebastiao, Helena,
Solon Borland, Hot SpringS|
Hopk. L. Turaey, Winchester,
John Bell, Nashville,
Ktnlhuky,
J. R. Underwood, BowlingGreen4853
Henry Clay, Lexington,
Ohio,
*Thomas Ewing, Lancaster,
Salmon P. Chase, Cincinnati,
Michigan,
Lewis Cass, Detroit,
Alpheus Felch, Ann Arbor,
Indiawu
Jesse D. Bright, Madison,
James Whitcomb, Indianapolis,
nUnois,
S. A. Douglas, Quincy,
James Shields, Belville,
Miss€fur%.
Thos. H. Benton, St. Louis,
David R. Atchison, Platte City,
Florida,
David Levy Yulee, St. Augustine,
853 Jackson Morton, Pensaoola,
. Teauu,
Thos. J. Rusk, Nacogdoches,
Samuel Houston, Huntsville,
/MM.
George W. Jones, Dubuque,
A. C. Dodge, Burlington,
Wisconsin,
Henry Dodge, Dodgeville,
I. P. Walker, Milwaukee,
Ca^fomda.
Johu C. Frfemont,
Wm. M. Gwinn,
851
855
851
855
851
853
85J
855
851
853
851
855
851
853
853
855
855
853
855
853
655
851
853
1853
Officers of the Senate, First Session of Thirty-first Congress,
853
855
851
853
855
851
855
851
853
851
855
853
855
851
855
851
855
851
853
853
855
851
853
851
855
Asbury Dickens, Secretary,
Lewis H. Macben, Chitf Clerk.
Robert Beale, | ^-S^S^^jte"^
Rev. C. M. Butler, Chaplain.
* Appointed by the Govemor to hold ofke until IIm Legislature fille the vacaiicy.
1^1.]
CiWGBMS.
vn
House OF Rkprsbentatitsb of thk Thirtt-fixst Congrsss,
which wiU expire on the 3d of March, 1851.
[The numbera attached to the names vhow the Districts in each State from which the
members were chosen.]
Ho WELL Cobb, of Georgia, Speaker.
Maine. — 7.
7. Puller, Tho8. J. D., Calais.
1. Gerry, Elbridge, Waterford.
4. Goodenow, Rufus K., Paris.
2. Littlefield, Nath. S., Bridgeton.
3. Otis, John, Hallowell.
5. Sawtelle, Cullen, Norridgewook.
6. Stetson, Charles, Bangor.
Kew Hampshire. — 4.
4. Hibbard, Harry, Bath.
2. Peaslee, Chas. H., Concord.
1. Tuck, Amos, Exeter.
3. Vacant
Vermont. — 4.
2. Hebard, William, Chelsea.
1. Henry, William, Bellows Falls.
3. Meacham, James, Middlebury.
4. Peck, Lucius B., Montpelier.
Massachusetts. — 10.
'5. Allen, Charles, Worcester.
6. Ashmun, George, Springfield.
3. Duncan, Jas. H., Haverhill.
1. Eliot, Samuel A., Boston.
9. Fowler, Oren, • Fall River.
10. Grinnell, Joseph, New Bedford.
2. Vacant.
8. Mann, Horace, West Newton.
7. Rockwell, Julius, Pittsfield.
4. Vacant.*
Rhode Island.— fi.
2. Dixon, Nathan F., Westerly.
1. King, George G., Newport.
Connecticut. — 4.
2. Booth, Walter, Meriden.
4. Butler, Thomas B., Norwalk.
3. Cleveland, C. F., Hampton.
1. Waldo, Lorenzo P., Tolland.
New Berlin.
Brooklyn.
New York.
New York.
JV«to Forik.-- 34.
17. Alexander, H. P., Little Falls.
14. Andrews, G. R., Ticonderoga.
22. Bennett, Henry,
2. Bokee, D. A.,
5. Briggs, George,
6. Brooks, James,
34. Burrows, Lorenso, Albion.
19. Clarke, Charles E., Great Bend.
25. Conger, Harmon S.,CortlaodvilU.
23. Duer, William, Oswego.
2 i . Gott, Dan el, Pompey.
10. Gould, Herman D., Delhi.
8. Halloway,Ransom, Beekman.
26. Jackson, Wro. T., Havana.
1. King, John A., Jamaica.
18. King, Preston, Ogdensburg.
20. Matteson, O. B., Utioa.
9. MeKissock, ThoSf Newburg.
7. Nelson, WilUam, Peekskill.
3. PhcBniz, J. Phillips, New York*
33. Patnam, Harvey, Attica.
12. Reynolds, Gideon, Hoosiek.
31. Risley, Elijah, Fredonia.
29. Rose, Robert L., Alien's Hill.
30. Rumsey, David, Jr., Bath.
27. Sackett, Wm. A., Seneca Falls.
28. Schermerhorn, A.M., Rochester.
13. Schoolcraft, J. L., Albany.
32. Spaulding, £. G., Buffalo.
U . Silvester, P. H., Coxsackie.
15. Thurman, John R., Chestertown.
4. Underbill, Walter, New York.
21. Walden, Hiram, Waldensville.
16. White, Hugh, Cohoes.
Jfno Jersey. — 5.
1. Hay, Andrew K., Winslow.
5. King, James G., Hoboken.
* No election as yet In this District
l»
UNITED STATES.
[18$U
2. Newell, Wm. A^ AlIentowD.
4. Van Dyke, John, N.Brunswick.
3. Wildrick, Isaac, Blairetown.
Penntylvania, — 24.
11. Butler, Chester, Wilkeibarre.
17. Calvin, Samuel, Hollidajsburg.
13. Casej, Joseph, New Berlin.
2. Chandler, Jos. R., Philadelphia.
7. Dickej, Jesse C, New London.
10. Dimmick, M. M., Stroudsburg.
5. Freedlej, John, Norristown.
24. Gilmore, Alfred, Butler.
21. Hampton, Moses, Pittsburg.
22. Howe, John W., Franklin.
1. Levin, Lewb C, Philadelphia.
19. Mann, Job, Bedford.
16. McLanahan, J.X.,Chambersbnrg.
3. Moore, Henry D., Philadelphia.
18. Ogle, A. Jackson, Somerset.
14. Pitman, Chas. W., Pottsville.
20. Reed, R. R., Washington.
4. Robbins, John, Jr., Philadelphia.
6. Ross, Thomas, Doylestown.
8. Stevens, Thaddeus, Lancaster.
9. Strong, William, Reading.
23. Thompson, James, Erie.
12. Wilmot, David, Towanda.
15. YacanL
Delaware. — 1.
Houston, John W., Georgetown.
Maryland. — 6.
1. Bowie, Richard L, Rock ville.
5. Evans, Alexander, Elkton.
2. Hamilton, W. T., Hagerstown.
3. Hammond, Edw , Ellicott'sMills.
6. Kerr, John B., Easton.
4. McLane, Robt. M., Baltimore.
Virginia. — 15.
3. Averett,Thos. H.,Hali&x C. H.
7. Bayly, Thos. H., Accomac C.H.
14. Beale, Jas. M. H.,PointPleasant.
4. Bocock, T. S., Appomattox C. H.
12. Edmundson, H. A., Salem.
15. Haymond, T. S., Fairmount.
8. HoUaday, AIei.R., Mansfield.
11. McDowell, James, Lexington.
13. McMuUen, F., Rye CoTe.
2. Meade, Rich. K., Petersburg.
1. Millson,John S., Norfolk.
9. Morton, Jeremiah, Racoon Ford.
10. Parker, Richard, Berry ville.
5. Powell, Paulus, Amherst C.H.
6. Seddon, James A., Richmond.
J>lorth Cdfvftiia. — 9.
7. Ashe, William S., Wilmington.
2. Caldwell, Jos. P., Statesville.
1. Clingman, T. L., Ashe ville.
6. Daniel, J. R. J., Halifax.
3. Deberry, Edmund, Mt. Gilead.
9. Outlaw, David, Windsor.
^4. Shepperd, A. H., Salem.
8. Stanly, Edward, Washington.
5. Venable, Abr. W., Brownsville.
Sauih CaroZmn.;— -7.
5. Burt, Armistead, Willington.
7. Colcock, Wm. F., Grahamville.
6. Holmes, Isaac E., Charleston.
4. McQueen, John, Bennetsville.
2. Orr, James L., AndersonC.H.
1. Wallace, Daniel, Union C. H.
3. Woodward, J. A., Winnsboro*.
Georgia. — 8.
6. Cobb, Howell, Athens.
5. Hackett, Thos. C, Rome.
4. Haralson, H. A., La Grange.
1. Jackson, Jos. W., Savannah.
3. Owen, Allen F., Talbotton.
7. Stephens, A. H., Crawibrdsville.
8. Toombs, Robert, Washington*
2. Wellborn, M. J., Columbus.
Alabama, — 7,
1. Alston, William J., Linden.
7. Bowdon, F. W., Talladega.
6. Cobb, W. R. W., Bellefonte.
3. Harris, S. W., Wetumpka.
2. Hilliard, H. W., Montgomery.
5. Hubbard, D., Kinlock.
4. Inge, S. W., Livingston.
1851.]
CONGRESS.
139
4. Brown, Albert G., Gallatin.
2. Feather8ton,W.S., Houston.
3. Mc Willie, Wm., Camden.
1. Thompson, Jacob, Oxford.
I.oi<mana.--'4.
2. Harmanson, J. H., Simmsport.
3. La S^re, Emile, New Orleans.
4. Morse, Isaac £., St. Martinsville.
1. Vacant.
Arkansas. — 1.
Johnson, R. W., Little Rock.
Tennessee, — 11.
3. Anderson, Josi. M.,Coop*8 Creek.
8. Ewing, Andrew, Nashville.
7. Gentry, M. P., Franklin.
9. Harris, I. G., Paris.
1. Johnson, A., Greenville.
5. Jones, Geo. W., Fayetteville.
4. Savage, John H., Bmithville.
10. Stanton, F. P., Memphis.
6. Thomas, Jas. H., Columbia.
2. WatkiDS, A. G., Panther Springs.
11. Williams, Chris. H., Lexington.
Kentucky. — 10.
1. Boyd, Linn, Cadiz.
6. Breck, Daniel, Richmond.
4. Caldwell, Geo. A., Columbia.
2. Johnson, James L.,Owensboro*.
7. MarBhall,Humph.,DrenDon'8Lick.
9. Mason, John C, Owingsville.
3. McLean, F. £., Elkton.
8. Morebe«d,ChaB.S., Frankfort
10. Stanton, Rich. H., Maysville.
5. Thompson, J. B., Harrodsburg.
OAw. — 21.
17. Cable, Joseph, Carrollton.
2. Campbeil,LewisD., Hamilton.
18. Carter, D. R., Massillon.
4. Corwin, Moses B., Urbanna.
19. Crowell, John, Warren.
1. Disney, David T., Cincinnati.
14. Evan«, Nathan, Cambridge.
20. Giddings, J. R., Jefferson,
16. Hoagland, Moses, Millersburg.
15. Hunter, Wm. F., Woodsfield.
11 . Miller, John K., Mount Vernon.
7. Morris, Jona. D., Batavia.
9. Olds, Edson B., Circleville.
5. Potter, E. D., Toledo.
21. Root, Jos. M., Sandusky.
3. Schenck, R. C, Dayton.
10. Sweetser, Charles, Delaware.
8. Taylor, John L., Chillicothe.
12. Vinton, S. F., Gallipolis.
13. Whittlesey, W. A., Marietta.
6. Wood, Amos E., Woodville.
Michigan. — 3.
3. Bingham, K.S., Kensington.
1. Buel, Alex. W., Detroit.
2. Sprague, William, Kalamazoo.
Indiana. — 10.
1. Albertson, Nath., Greenville.
5. Brown, Wm. J., Amity.
2. Dunham,Cyrus L., Salem.
9. Fitch, Graham N., Logansport.
6. Gorman,WilliB A., Bloomington.
10. Harlan, Andrew J.,Marion.
4. Julian, Geo. W., Centreville.
8. McDonald,Jos. E.jCrawibrdsville.
7. McGaughey, Edw. W., Rockville.
3. Robinson, J. L., Rushville.
lUinois. — 7.
6. Baker, Ed. D., Galenft.
1. Bissell, Wm. H., Belleville.
7. Harris, Thos. L., Petersburg.
2. McClernand,J.A.,Shawneetown.
5. Richardson, Wm. A., Quincy.
4. Wentworth, J., Chicago.
3. Young, Timo. R., Marshall.
Missouri. — 5.
2. Bay, Wm. V. N., Union.
1. Bowlin, J. B., St. Louis.
3. Greene, James S., Canton.
5. Hall, Willard P., St. Joseph.
4. Phelps, John S., Springfield.
130
UNITID rrATis.
[1851<
Florida. — 1.
Cabell, £. C, Tallahassee.
Texas. -^2.
2. Howard, Volney £., San Antonio.
1. Kaufman, D. S., Sabinetown.
lofoa. — 2.
2. Leffler, Shepherd, Burlington.
1. Thompson, Wm., Mt. Pleasant.
Wisconsin. — 3.
2. Cole, Orsamusy Potosi.
3. Doty, James D^ MeDasha.
1. Durkee, Charles, Southport.
California.
George H. Wright.
£dward Gilbert.
Delegates. — 2.
Oregon Territory. — 1.
Thurston, S. R., Linn City.
Minesota Territory. — 1.
Sibley, Henry H., Mendota.
Officers of the House of Representatives.
Richard M. Young, Clerk, I A. J. Glossbrenner,Ssr^eaitf-at-j9nfL9.
Philip Williams, Librarian. >
John S. Meehan, Librarian to Congress.
Alphabetical List of the House of Refresehtatives.
Albertson, Nath., Tnd.
Alexander, H. P., N.Y.
Alien, Charles, Ms.
Alston, Wm. J., Ala.
Anderson, J. M., Tenn.
Andrews, G. R., N. Y.
Ashe, Wm. S., N. C.
Ashmun, George, Ms.
Averett, T. H., Va.
Baker, Ed. D., 111.
Bay, Wm. V. N., Mo.
Bayly, Thos. H., Va.
Beale, J. M. H., Va.
Bennett, Henry, N. Y.
Bingham, K. S., Mich.
Bissell, Wm. H., 111.
Bocock, Thos. S., Va.
Bokee,D.A., M. Y.
Booth, Walter, Ct.
Bowdon,F. W., Ala.
Bowie, Richard L, Md.
Bowlin, Jas. B., Mo.
Boyd, Linn,
Breck, Daniel,
Briggs, George,
Brooks, James,
Brown, Albert G., Miss.
Brown, Wm. J., Ind.
Buel, Alex. W., Mich.
Burrows, L., N. Y.
Burt, Armislead, S. C.
Batler, Chester, Pa.
Ky.
Ky.
N.Y.
N.Y.
Butler, Thos. B., Ct.
Cabell, E. C, Fl.
Cable, Joseph, O.
Caldwell, Geo. A., Ky.
Caldwell, Jos. P., N.C.
Calvin, Samuel, Pa.
Campbell, L. D., O.
Carter, D. K., O.
Casey, Joseph, Pa.
Chandler, Jos. R., Pa.
Clark, Chas. £., N. Y.
Cleveland, C. P., Ct.
Clingman, T. L., N. C.
Cobb, Howell, Ga.
Cobb, W. R. W., Ala.
Colcock, Wm. F., 8. C.
Cole, Orsamus, Wise.
Conger, H. S., N. Y.
Corwtn, Moses B., O.
Crowell, John, O.
Daniel, J. R. J., N.C.
Deberry, E., N. C.
Dickey, Jesse C, Pa.
Dimmick, M. M., Pa.
Disney, D. T., O.
Dixon, Nathan F., R. I.
Doty, James D., Wise.
Duer, William, N. Y.
Duncan, Jas. H., Mass.
Dunham, Cyrus L , Ind.
Durkee, Charles, Wise.
Edmundson, H. A., Va.
Eliot, S. A., Ms.
Evans, A., Md.
Evans, Nathan, O.
Ewing, Andrew, Tenn.
Feather8ton,W.S.,Miss.
Fitch, Graham N., Ind.
Fowler, Oren, Ms.
Freedley, John, Pa.
Fuller, Thos. J. D., Me.
Gentry, M. P., Teno.
Gerry, Elbridge, Me.
Gidaings, J. K., O.
Gilbert, Edward, Cal.
Gilmore, Alfred, Pa.
Goodenow, R. K., Ma.
Gorman, Willis A., Ind.
Gott, Daniel, N. Y.
Gould, H.D., N.Y.
Greene, James L., Mo.
Grinnell, Joseph, Mass.
Hackett, Thos. C, Ga.
Hall, Willard P., Mo.
Hailoway, R., N. Y.
Hamilton, W. T., Md.
Hammond, Edw., Md.
Hampton, Moses, Pa.
Haralson, H. A.| Ga.
Harlan, A. J., Ind.
Harmanson, J. H., La.
Harris, \. G., Tenn.
Harris, S. W., Ala.
Harris, Thos. h^ Hi.
1B51.]
Haj, Andrew K., N. J.
Haymond, T S., Va.
Hebard, William, Vt.
Henry, William, Vt.
Hibbard, Harry, N. H.
Hilliard, H. W., Ala.
Hoagland, Moses, O.
Holladay, Alex. R., Va.
Holmes, Isaac £., 8. C.
Houston, J. W., Del.
Howard, Vol. E., Tex.
Howe, John W., Pa.
Hubbard, D., Ala.
Hunter, Wm. F., O.
Inge, Samuel W., Ala.
Jackson, J. W., Ga.
Jackson, Wm.F., N. Y.
Johnson, A., Tenn.
Jphnson, Jas. L., Ky.
Johnson, R. W., Ark.
Jones, Geo. W., Tenn.
Julian, Geo. W., Ind.
Kaufman, D. S., Tex.
Kerr, John B., Md.
King, Geo. G., R. I.
King, James G., N. J.
King, John A., N. Y.
King, Preston, N. Y.
Leffler, Shepherd, Iowa.
Levin, Lewis C, Pa.
Littlefield, N. S., Me.
Mann, Horace, Mass.
Mann, Job, ^ Pa.
Marshall, H., Ky.
Mason, John C, Ky.
Matteson, O. B., N. Y.
McClernand, J. A., 111.
McDonald, J. E., Ind.
McDowell, James, Va.
McGaughey,E. W., Ind.
McKissock, T., N Y.
McLanahan, J. X., Pa.
McLane, Robt. M., Md.
McLean, F. £., Ky.
McMuUen, F., Va.
GOINIR
McQueen, John, S. C.
McWilUe, Wm., Miss.
Meacham, James, Vt.
Meade, Rich. K., Va.
Miller, John K., O.
Millson, John S., Va.
Moore, Henry D., Pa.
Morehead, C. S., Ky.
Morris, Jona. D., O.
Morse, Isaac £., La.
Morton, Jeremiah, Va.
Nelson, William, N. Y.
Newell, Wm. A., N. J.
Ojgle, A. J., Pa.
Olds, Edson B., O.
Orr, James L., S. C
Otis, John, Me.
Outlaw, David, N. C.
Owen, Allen T., Ga.
Parker, Richard, Va.
Peaslee, Chas. H.,N. H.
Peck, Lucius B., Vt.
Phelps, John S., Mo.
Phcenix, J. P., N. Y.
Pitman, Chas. W., Pa.
Potter, E D., O.
Powell, Paulus, Va.
Putnam, Harvey, N. Y.
Reed, R. R., Pa.
Reynolds, G., N. Y.
Richardson, W. A., 111.
Risley, Elijah, N. Y.
Robbins, John, Jr., Pa.
Robinson, John L., Ind.
Rockwell, Julius, Ms.
Root, Jos. M., O.
Rose, Rob't L., N. Y.
Ross, Thomas, Pa.
Rumsey, David,Jr.N.Y.
Sackett, Wm. A., N. Y.
Savage, John H.,Tenn.
Sawtelle, Cullen, Me.
Schenck, Rob't C, O.
Schermerhorn, A. M.,
[N. Y.
131
Schoolcraft, J. L., N. Y.
Seddon, James A., Va.
Shepperd, A. H., N. C.
Sibley, H.H.,Min.Ter.
Silvester, P. H., N. Y.
Spaulding, E. G., N. Y.
Sprague, W., Mich.
Stanly, Edward, N. C.
Stanton, F. P., TeniT.
Stanton, Rich. H., Ky.
Stephens, Alex. H., Ga.
Stetson, Charles, Me.
Stevens, Thaddeus, Pa.
Strong, William, Pa.
Sweetser, Charles, 0<
Taylor, John L., O.
Thomas, Jas. H , Tenn.
Thompson, Jacob, Miss.
Thompson, James, Pa*
Thompson, J. B., Ky.
Thompson,Wm., Iowa.
Thurman, J. R., N. Y.
Thurston, S.R., Oreg.T.
Toombs, Robert, Ga.
Tuck, Amos, N. H.
Underbill, W., N. Y.
Van Dyke, J , N. J.
Venabfe, A. W., N. C.
Vinton, Sam'l F., O.
Walden, Hiram, N. Y.
Waldo, L. P., Ct
Wallace, Daniel, S. C.
Watkins, A. G., Tenn,
Wellborn, M. J., Ga.
Wentworth, John, 111.
White, Hugh, N. Y.
Whittlesey, W. A., O.
Wildrick, Isaac, N. J.
Williams, C. H., Tenn.
Wilmot, David, Pa.
Wood, Amos E., ' O.
Woodward, J. A., S. C.
Wright, G. H., Cal.
Young, Tim. R., III.
I3i
UNITBO STATES.
[18dL
Vermont, . . •
mas8a0hu8ett8,
Rhode Island, .
Connecticut, .
VII. THE JUDICIARY.
Places and Times of Holding the District Courts.
Maine, IViscasset, 1st Tuesday in September ; — Portland^
Ist Tuesday in February and December ; — Banr
^or, 4th Tuesday in June.
New Hampshire, . Portsmouth, 3d Tuesday in March and September ;
— Exeter, 3d Tuesday in June and December.
Rutland, 6th of October;— Windsor, 24th of May.
Boston, 3d Tuesday in March, 4th Tuesday in June,
2d Tuesday in September, and let Tuesday in
December.
Jfewport, 2d Tuesday in May and 3d in October ; —
Providence, Ist Tuesday in August and February.
J{ew Haven, 4th Tuesday in February and August ;
— Hartford, 4th Tuesday in May and November.
New York, S. Dist., JV«to York, 1st Tuesday in each month.
New York, N.Dist., Albany, 3d Tuesday in January ;— Utiea, 2d Tuesday
in July ; — Rochester, 3d Tuesday in May ; — w^-
burn, 3d Tuesday in August ; — Buffalo, 2d Tues-
day in Novepiber; — one term annually in the
county of St. Lawrence, Clinton, or Franklin,
at such time and place as the Judge may direct.
Trenton, 3d Tuesday in January, April, June, and
September.
Pennsylvania, E. Dist., Philadelphia, 3d Monday in February, May, Aa*
gust, and November.
Penn8tlvania,jW. Dist., Pittsburg, 1st Monday in May and October ; —
Williamsport, 1st Monday in October.
/Newcastle, 3d Tuesday in June and 2d Tuesday in
December ; — Dover, Tuesday next following the
3d Monday of March, and the Tuesday next fol-
lowing the 4th Monday of September.
Baltimore, 1st Tuesday in March, June, September,
and November.
Washington, 1st Monday in June and December.
Richmond, 12th of May and 12th of November ; —
J^orfolk, 30th of May and 1st of November.
Staunton, 1st of May and Ist of October ;^- Wytheville,
Wednesday after 3d Monday in April and Sep-
tember; — Charleston, Wednesday after 2d Mon-
day in April and September ; — Clarksburg, last
Monday in March and August ; — Wheeling, Wed-
nesday after Ist Monday in April and September.
North Carolina, . Edenton, 3(1 Monday in April and October; — JVcuh
Nbw Jersey,
Delaware,
Maryland, . . .
Dist. of Columbia,
Virginia, £. Dist.,
Virginia, W. Dist.,
1851.]
fVBICIAftT.
138
South Cajcoliita,
Gbokoia, N. Dist,
Geoeou, S, Dist,
bem^ 4th Monday in April and October; — JVU'
mington, l8t Monday after 4th Monday in April
and October.
CharlesUnij 3d Monday in March and September, 1st
Monday in July, and 2d Monday in December ; —
Laurau Court-House, the next Tuesday after the
adjournment of the Circuit Court at Columbia.
Marietta^ ^ Monday in March and September.
Savannah^ 3d Tuesday in February, May, August,
and November.
Florida, N. Dist., . TallahaaseB^ Ist Monday in January ; — Apalaehicola^
Ist Monday in February ; -^ Ptnsaeola^ Ist Mon^
day in March; — St»^ugustint^ Ist Monday in April.
Florida, S. Dist., . Key iVest, Ist Monday in May and November.
Alabama, N. Dist., Huntsville^ 3d Monday in May and 4th Monday in
November.
Alabama, Mid. Dist., Montgomery, 4th Monday in May and 1st Monday
after the 4th Monday in November.
Alabama, S. Dist, Mobile, 1st Monday in May and 2d Monday in Dec.
Mississippi, N. Dist., Pontotoc, Ist Monday in June and December.
Mississippi, S. Dist., Jackson, 4th Monday in January and June.
Louisiana, £. Dist., New Orleans, 2d Monday in December and 1st Mon-
day in January.
Louisiana, W. Dist., Opelousas, 1st Monday in August; — Alexandria, 1st
Monday in September; — Shrstsport, 1st Monday
in October; — Monroe, 1st Monday in November ;
— St. Josephs, Ist Monday in December.
Tbxas, . . * . Galveston, Ist Monday in February.
Tennbssse, £. Dist., KnoxviUe, 3d Monday in April and October.
Tkhnessee, W. Diat.,J{dshviUe, 4th Monday in May and November;-—
Jackson, 2d Monday in October and April.
Kentucky, . , . Frankfort, 3d Monday in May and October.
Ohio, Columbus, 3d Tuesday in May and October.
Michigan, . •
Indiana, . . .
Illinois, . . .
Missouri, . . •
Arkansas, . .
Iowa, N. Dist, .
Iowa, Mid. Dist.,
Iowa, S. Dist, .
Wisconsin, . .
Detroit, 3d Monday in June and 2d Monday in Oct.
Indianapolis, 3d Monday in May and 1st Monday in
December.
Springfield, 1st Monday in June and last Monday in
November ; — Chicago, 1st Monday in July.
Jefferson City, 1st Monday in March and September.
Little Rock^ 1st Monday in April and November.
Dubuque, 1st Monday in January.
Iowa City, 1st Monday in October.
Burlington, Ist Monday in June.
Milwaukee, 1st Monday in January ; Madison, 1st
Monday in July.
12
[18S1.
Somxi CouBT.
Roger B. Tanej,
John McLean^
JameB M. Wajne,
John Colron,
John McKinler,
Peur V. Daniel,
Samuel Nelson,
Levi Woodbury,
The Suprem
n annually, c
Baldraore, Md., Chief JkiOice, 1836, $5,000
Cincinnati, Ohio, Atmdate Jiatict, 1IJ29, 4,500
Savannah, Ga., " 1835, 4,500
Naahville, Tann., " 1837, 4,500
Louiaville, Ky., " 1837, 4,500
Richmond, Vi,, " 1841, 4,500
Cooperstown, N. Y^ « 1845, 4,500
Portsmouth, N. H., " 1845, 4,500
PitUburg,Pa " 1946, 4,500
Washington, D. C, AOanuy-Oaural, 1850, 4,000
Baltimore, Md., Reporter, 1843, 1,300
Waabington, D. C, CUrk, Fees, &«.
urt is beld in the city of Wasbington, and hai one Bes-
lencing od the lat Honday of December.
* DISTRICT COUHTS: — lUDGES, ATT0RNEV8,
~%trie>^
Jodi«,
h«*dena^ 1
Mine,
Aihur Wan,
Ponlaad,
Tlkomag A. DebMs,
Pon
MHtbew Harrej-,
CoocoS;
Wn,.W.Sti..kn.y,
Eiai
Varmont,
Monlpelier,
Abel Underwood,
Kaw
PelegSpt»P»,"'
toain^
k»l
ihiidB Island,
lolm Piln.an,
PrDvldenu,
Jsqi'm M. Cirte,
AndrewTJud™,
rhomaaC. P.fkiB.
Ian
»v.j|s
Ailrod Contllng,
Jubura,
lames R. Lawrenca
S;^
Samuel R. Belts .
New yirk,
J. Prescoll BalL
WiUiani Halsud,
^"&
P.tar«n,
'rail
Philadelphia
Jnhn W, A-hmead,
rhoDvu Irwin,
Piiubu^,
J. B. Swaliw,
MarjiA
WlUudlkU,
P. S. Johnmi,
UpMn&HMlh,
z,c,L«r^
Balti
v^ \VS
T^Td. HallTtmr™.
V Kenica
RobBflCNlclBlaa,
:icli
J.W.BroclHiibrough,
^iT"
Bmj, H. Smith,
Chai
Nonh Online
Henry Potlar,
Hlr^ W. HMalad,
Rale
RolHii R Gifchrirt,
Cha^mm,
Ednnl McCradj,
Cbu
19
jTjrs
JjotoCNicoU,
Sannnah,
Hoio-WiUiun.,
Sava
30
r. S""*"
iBHcU-BnoKifl,
StAugiiaf,
Seo. W. CUl, Jr.,
Had
?S. DI.L
TTIUiam H, Murln,
Kb/ Wen,
Wm. R. Hackle/,
K«7
EN. Din
JetC. F. Jacknn,
Mod
Ala. jM.Din.
lohnOajH
HgbUc,
Pelor Hamilton,
Mob
X
«'-ilii
Sunuel J.ahnl»n,
Atheni,
ItSS:
!?;
t* JwBiS:
rh», H. McOOab,
N. OrlMM,
isrffl™.
ew
STc.^^,
lleiandrH,
ibre
Tbu., '
GalTWoo,
lfS»
iai*
CW.Din
ack
!«»..} H.DI«.
M.W. Brawn.
Nubvilla,
.,.
(E-Diu.
i
Samuel R. Rogaii,
Einuii^,
Fhomu B. MoDiTw,
Fnmkfbfl
Steubenvllla,
™h
OhK ^'
H. H. Lwvlu,
sL»n^M^'
ipni
ndlana,
Lucion Bartmir,
>dl<
nilnob;
GalMia,
AmhlhaldWmiama,
Mio-i/rl,
Robert W. Wrfls,
Jsff-aon CiU
John D. Oooka,
Miohtpm,
Rou Wllklns,
netroil.
B. G.BUM,
w
"V-"-
Daniel Rln«o,
LiWeKock,
Ataalom Fowlet,
Littl
•A
43
WlKonalD,
ijohnB.D7«,
Duboqw,
aa^ieoWhkhet,
Hoa
indmr a. Millar,
Mllwaakae,
SeoofsW. Lakin, Ipiali
• ConacladUtlisDBpaiUnBDIBftbalntailoc, Auguatai, IBSO.
185L]
JUIMCIAEy.
135
Circuit Covrti.
The United Stateg are divided into the following nine Judicial Circuits,
in each of which a Circuit Court is held twice every year, for each State
within the Circuit, by a Justice of the Supreme Court, assigned to the Circuit,
and by the District Judge of the State or District in which the Court sits.
Presidine Judge.
Ist Circuit, Maine, N. Hampshire, Mass., and R. I., Mr. Justice Woodbury.
Vermont, Connecticut, and New York, Mr. Justice Nelson.
New Jersey and Pennsylvania, Mr. Justice Grier.
Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia, Mr. Ch. Justice Taney.
Alabama, Louisiana, and Kentucky, Mr. Justice McKinley.
N. Carolina, S. Carolina, and Georgia, Mr. Justice Wayne.
Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan, Mr. Justice McLean.
Kentucky, Tennessee, and Missouri, Mr. Justice Catron.
Mississippi and Arkansas, Mr. Justice Daniel.
The States of Florida, Texas, Iowa, and Wisconsin have not yet lieen attached to anv Cir-
cuit, but the District Courts nave toe power of Circuit Courts. There is a local Circuit
Court held in the District of Columbia, by three iudffes specially appointed for that purpose.
The Chief Justice of that Court sits also as District Judge of that Dutricu
MARSHALS, AND CLERKS.
2d
3d
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
(C
cc
cc
u
cc
cc
cc
cc
20JohnT. Myrick,
William Paine,
2 Samuel Garfield,
dJohnPettes,
Charles Devens, Jr.,
6 George W. Jackson,
6 Alison A. PettengUl,
7PahnerV.KeUogg[,
8 Henry F. Talmadge,
9 Roberts. Kennedy,
10 Anthony E. Roberts,
11 William Irvin,
12 Samuel Barr,
I3ThomasH. Kent,
14 Thomas S. Hall,
15 James Points,
16 George Little,
17 Thomas D. Coody,
WilUam M. Brown,
18
19
21
22
23
24
26
26
27
28
31
32
33 J
Marshals.
Walter C. Makmey,
W. H. Gibson,
Charles Bingham,
William McQuiston,
F. Daris,
WiUiam S. Scott.
Frederic G. Smith,
29 Joseph Bates,
aolAndrew Guthrie,
Wm. Brown,
Daniel M'OSlum,
S. Speed,
Goshora A. Jones,
Solomon Meredith, .
Benjamin Bond,
37Uohn W. Twichell,
es H. Knox,
39|Luth0r Chase,
> Stephen B.SheUaday,
H. Cotton,
34
35
36
40
41
421
43 L.
Residence.
Bangor,
Charlestown,
Windsor,
Boston,
Proridence,
Bridgeport,
Utica,
New Yort
Ste warts viUe,
Lancaster,
Clearfield,
Wilmington,
Baltimore,
Richmond,
Staunton,
Raleigh,
Charleston,
Buena Vista,
Mariana,
Key West,
Courtlanc^
Mobile,
Aberdeen,
WoodviUe,
New Orleans,
St Josei^is,
Galveston,
Jackson,
Nashville,
Knozville,
Louisville,
Mt. Vernon.
GambridgBOIty
Carlyle,
St. Louis,
Detroit,
Little Rock,
Oscaloosa,
Milwaukie,
Pay.
•aoot
200t
aoot
t
200t
200t
20Ot
I
20Ot
I
aoot
aoot
I
200t
I
I
200t
200t
aoot
aoot
200t
aoot
20Ot
aoot
200t
aoot
aoot
aoot
aoot
aoot
aoot
aoot
aoot
aoot
aoot
aoot
aoot
Clerks.
George F. Emery,
Albert R. Hatch,
Edw. H. Prentiss,
Seth E. Sprague,
John T. Pitman,
John J. Cleveland,
Aurelian Gonkling^
James W. Metcalf,
Edw. N. Dickerson,
Thomas L. Kane,
R. Biddle Roberts.
W. A. Mendenhali,
Thomas Spicer,
A. A. Gowdery,
Erasmus Stribling,
John M. Jones,
W. Y. Gmy,
^ George Glenn,
I W. H. Hunt,
'R.B. Hilton,
i C. N. Jordan,
I Joseph S. May,
I R. B. Smith,
T. A. PInkney,
A. A. Gooch,
John Fitts,
R. W. Edmundson,
W. H. Brown,
N. R. Jennings,
Thomas Bates,
James L. Taibott,
Jacob McGavock.
Jas. W. Campbell,
John H. Hanna,
William Miner,
Horace Bassett,
William Pope,
Jason Harrison,
John Winder,
WiUiam Field,
T. S. Parvin,
George S. W^est,
Residence.
Portland,
Portsmouth,
Montpelier,
Boston,
Providence,
New Haven,
Auburn,
New York,
Paterson,
Philadelphia,
Pituburg,
Wilmington,
Baltimore,
Norfolk,
Staunton,
Edenton,
Charleston,
Savaimah,
Marietta,
Tallahassee,
Pensacola,
Apalachicola,
Tallahassee,
Key West,
TusQaloosa,
Mobile,
Pontotoc,
Jackson.
New Orleans,
Galveston,
Jackson,
Nashville,
Knozville,
Frankfort,
Columbus.
Indianapolis,
Springfield.
Jefferson City,
Detroit,
Little Rock,
Muscatine,
MUwsukee,
Pay
Fees.
<(
((
(I
It
tt
li
a
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
It
tt
tt
<(
((
tt
tt
It
tt
It
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
It
tAndFi
tFees, &c.
13(1
UNITBD STA'PES.
E185L
Places and Times op Holding tiie Circuit Courts.
• • • •
Maine,
New Hampshire, •
Vermont, . . . .
Massachusetts, .
Rhode Island,
Connecticut, • .
N. York, S. Dist., .
N. York, N. Dist.,
New Jersey, . .
Penn., £. Diet,
Penn., W. Dint , .
Delaware, . . .
Maryland, . . .
Virginia, £. I^ist.,
Virginia, W. Dist.,
North Carolina, .
South Carolina, .
Georgia, N. Dist,
Georgia, S. Dist., .
Alabama, . . .
Mississippi, . . .
Louisiana, . • .
• • • •
Texas,
Tennessee, . • .
Kentuckt, . • .
Ohio,
Michigan, • . .
Portland^ 23d April and 23d September.
PortsmoiUh^ 8th May ; — Exeter ^ 8th October.
Windsor ^ 21 st May ; -- RuUandt 3d October.
Boston, 15th May and 15th October.
JVhtfport, 15th June ; — Protidenee^ 15th November.
JWio Haven^ 4th Tuesday in April ; — Hartford, 3d
Tuesday in September.
JWto York, last Monday in February, Ist Monday in
April, and 3d Monday in October.
Albany, 3d Tuesday in October and 3d Tuesday in
May; — Canandaigua, Tuesday next after 3d
Monday in June.
Trenton, 4th Tuesday in March and September.
PkUadelpkia, 11th April and 11th October.
Pittsburgh 3d Monday in May and November; —
Wmiamsportf 3d Monday in June and September.
J>tewcastUf Tuesday following 4th Monday in May ; *—
Dover, Tuesday following 3d Monday in October.
Baltimore, 1st Monday in April and November.
Richmond, 1st Monday in May and 4th Monday in
November.
Lewisburg, Ist Monday in August.
Raleigh, 1st Monday in June and last Monday in
November.
Charleston, Wednesday preceding the 4th Monday in
March ; — Columbia, 4th Monday in November.
Marietta,* 3d Monday in March and September.
Savannah, 2d Monday in April; — MUledgenUU,
Thursday afler 1st Monday in November.
MobUe, 2d Monday in April, and 4th Monday in
December.
Jackson, 1st Monday in May and November.
J^'eio Orleans, 4th Monday in April and 3d Monday
in December.
Galveston, 1st Monday in February.
Jfashmlle, Ist Monday in March and September ; — •
KnoxviUe, 3d Monday in April and October;—
Jackson, 2d Monday in October and April.
Frankfort, 3d Monday in May and October.
Colvmlms, 3d Tuesday in May and October.
Detroit, 3d Monday in June and 2d Monday in Oct,
* This coart fai held by the District Judge, with special authority to exercise the powers
and jurisdictioa of a Judge of the Circuit Court.
1851.]
IvpiAHA, .
Illihois, .
MiSSOUBI,
Arkahsas,
INTERC0UR8B 1¥ITH FORKION NATIONS.
137
• Indianapolis^ 3d Monday in May and let Monday in
December.
. Springfieldf 1st Monday in June and last Monday in
November ; — Chicago^ 1st Monday in July>
St. Loui8f 1st Monday in April.
. IMiU Rock, 8d Monday in April.
DisT. COtuMBiA, Washington^ 4th Monday in March and 3d Monday in
October.
VIIL INTERCOURSE WITH FOREIGN NATIONS.—
August 218t, 1850.
The pay of Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary is
$9,000 per annum, as salary, besides $ 9,000 for outfit. The pay of
Charges d* Affaires is $4,500 per annum; of Secretaries of Legation,
f 2,000 ; of Ministers Resident, $ 6,000.
The United States are represented by Ministers Plenipotentiary at the
courts of ^Great Britain, France, Russia, Prussia, Spain, Mexico, Brazil,
and Chili ; and by Charges d'Affiiires at the courts of most of the other for-
eign powers with which this country is much connected by commercial
intercourse.
1. MiirisTXRS AHD Diplomatic Agents of the United States
IN Foreign Countries.
[Corrected in the Department of State, August 2l8t, 1850.]
Envoys Exttaoriinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary in 1850.
Abbott Lawrence,
Wm. C. Rives,
David Tod,
Daniel D. Barnard,
Daniel M. Barringer,
Neill S. Brown,
Robert P. Letcher,
Bailie Peyton,
Mass.
Va.
Ohio.
N.Y.
N. C.
Tenn.
La.
Appointed.
1849
1849
1847
1850
1849
1849
1849 .
1849
Foreign States.
Capitals.
Great Britain,
London.
France,
Paris. '
Brazil,
Rio Janeiro.
Prussia,
Berlin.
Spain,
Madrid.
Russia,
St. Petersburg
Mexico,
Mexico.
Chili,
Santiago.
John C. B. Davis,
Henry S. Sanford,
Jesse B. Holman,
Theodore S. Fay.
Buckingham Smith,
Secretaries of Legation,
Great Britain.
Franoe.
Chili.
Prussia.
Mexico.
Gales Seaton, Grermany.
Horatio J. Perry, Spain.
Edward H. Wright, Brazil.
Peter Parker (and Chinese
Interpreter) J ChioA, Salary, ^ 2,500
Minister Resident.
Appointed. Foreign Slate. CapitaL
Vt. I 1849 I Turkey, | Constantinople.
John P. Brown, Dragoman to the Legation. Salary, $2,500.
13*
George P. Marsh,
138
uvnsD srmB,
[1861.
C^ Hunis nonm,
Appointed.
Poraign States.
Jobn W. Davis,
Ind.
1846
China,
Luther SevMrance,
Me.
1850
( Sandwich Isl.,
( Honolulu.
Chargh d'JStfmreB, August 21«f, 1860.
George Folsom,
N. Y.
1850
Netherlands,
Thomas G. Clemson,
Pa.
1844
Belgium,
Francis Schroeder,
R. L
1849
Sweden,
Walter Forward,
Pa.
1849
Denmark,
Thomas M. Foote,
N. Y.
1849
New Granada,
J. Nevett Steele,
Ala.
1845
Venezuela,
John R. Clay,
£. Joy Moms,
Pa.
1847
Peru,
Pa.
1850
Two Sicilies,
William A. Harris,
Va.
1846
Argentine Rep.
Wm. B. Kinney,
N.J.
1850
Sardinia,
James B. Clay,
Ky.
1849
Portugal,
Austria,
Lewis Cass, Jr.,
Mich.
1848
Pontific. States,
Guatemala,
J. T. Van Alen,
N. Y.
1849
Ecuador,
A. K. M'Ciung,
Miss.
1849
Bolivia,
l!
Salary.
$5,000*
3,000
2.
Hague!
Brussels.
Stockholm.
Copenhagen.
Bogotd.
Caraccas.
Lima.
Naples.
Buenos Ayres.
Turin.
Lisbon.
Vienna.
Rome.
Guatemala.
Quito.
Chuquisaca.
LrsT OF CoirsuLS attd Cohmxrcial AasKTS ov thx Unitkd Statbs
IN FoMCIGir COUNTRIXS, AHD THK PlACSS OF THKIR RSSIDSRCS.
[Comcted in the Department of State, August 2l8t, 1850.]
Those marked thus (*) are Commercial Agents.
Brazil.
, Para.
ARGxiTTiirs Republic, or Buenos
Ayres.
Joseph Graham, Buenos Ayres.
Jefferson Adams, Rio Negro.
Austria.
, Vienna.
H. D. Maxwell, Trieste.
Edm. Flagg, Venice.
Baden.
John Reichard, Manheim.
Barbart States.
George N. Brown, Tangier ,Mor'co.
Samuel D. Heap, Tunis, Tunis.
George A. Porter, Tripoli, Tripoli.
Bavaria.
Chas. Obermeyer, Augsburg.
Philip Geisse, Nuremberg.
BsLortrK.
Wm. H. Vesey, Antwerp.
A. Follin,
James W. Gordon, Pernambuco.
Edward Kent, Rio Janeiro.
St. Catherine's Isl.
Thos. McGuire, Rio Grande.
Thos. Turner, Bahia.
Central America.
Steph. H. Weems, Guatemala.
C Omoa and Trux-
\ illo (Bond.)
1317 I ;»:n«>*^n $ St. Juan de Ni-
. W. Livingston, I ^^^^^^^
Chris. Hempstead, Belize (Hond)^
Chili.
Zab. W. Potter, Valparaiso.
William Crosby, Talcahuano.
Sam*l P. Haviland, Coquimbo.
China.
Paul S. Forbes, Canton.
• 1,000 additional, for performing judicial duties.
1851.]
INTERC0UR8I WITS FOBStON NATIONS.
ua
Ch. W. BradUy, Amoy.
Dwight Webby Foucboo.
J. N. A. Griswold, Shang Hai.
Robt. P. Desilver^ 1 Macao.
Fred. T. Busb, tHong Kong.
Derhark.
Cbarles F. Ryan, Copeohagen.
H. T. A. Rainals, Elsineur.
Danish West India Islands.
David Rogers, Santa Cruz.
*Wm. R. Morris, St. Thomas.
Ecuador.
M. P. Game, Guayaqail.
EoTPT, Padudic of.
D.nl. S. M'Cauley. \^^2^^'
*William Lindguiat, Suez.
F&AHCX.
Robert Walsh,
Lorenzo Draper,
Frederick Kahl,
John L. Hodge,
M. Hollander,
James Hendebert,
Hypolite Roques,
F. M. Auboyneau,
Paris.
Havre.
Bourdeaux.
Marseilles.
Sedan.
Lyons.
^(antes.
LaRochelle.
Bayonne.
Auguste Furtado,
West Indies.
¥ u ¥»r «" u ^ Pointe-a-Pitre,
John W. Fisher, J Guadaloupe.
* Gab. G. Fleurot, St.Pierre, Martin.
South America. — French Gvxana.
, Cayenne.
Africa.
Henri Stuckle, Algiers.
Great Britain.
England.
Tho6. Aspinwall, London.
Thomas L.Critteiiden,LiverpoQl.
Francis B. Ogden, Bristol.
, Manchester.
Robert W. Fox, Falmouth.
Tfaos. Were Fox, Plymouth.
Cowes.
Leeds.
Londonderry.
Cork,
Gal way.
Albert Davy,
SoaUmsi.
Robert Grievtn, lieitli.
James McDowell, Dundee.
James Cowdin, Glasgow.
hdand.
Hugh Keenan^ Dublin.
James McDowell, Belfast.
Rob. L. Lougbead,
Alfred Mitchell,
Thos. M. Peisse,
In and near Europe and Africa*
Horatio I. Sprague, Gibraltar.
Wm. Winthrop, Island ofMalta.
Wm. Carrol, Isle of France.
Isaac Chase, Cape-Town, C. G. H.
"John W. Carrol, Isl. of St. Helena.
J{ortk Amerioa*
Israel D. Andrew. \ ''!^,%%,
T. B. Livingston, Halifax, N. S.
B. H. Norton, Pictou, N. S.
WeH Indies.
Wm. T. Tucker, Bermuda.
Julius C. Katschman, Nas8au,Baha. I.
Benj. £. Smith, Turk's Island.
Rob. M. Harrison, Kingston, Jam.
"Wm. T. Thurston, 8t.Christopher'«.
*R. S. Higinbothom, Antigua.
Wm. R. Hayes, Barbadoesv
Edw. B. Maraehe, Isl. of Trinidad.
South America,
Charles Benjamin, Demarara, B.G.
* William H. Smiley, Falkland Isles.
Central America.
Chris. Hempstead, Balize, Brit Hond.
Australia.
Jas. H. Williams, Sydney. . •
£. Hathaway, Jr., Hobart Towb.
East Indies.
Joseph Balestier, Singapore.
, § Bombay .
t Portuguese CSolony. I EogllBb Cotony.
h ExtBquatur reAiaed to Consul at Bombay by British goremment.
140
VXflTED STATES.
[1861.
Charles Hufinagle, Calcutta.
* John Blacky lal. of Ceylon.
China.
Fred. T. Bath, Hong Kong.
Grxbcx.
D. Diomatari, Athens.
Hanseatic, or Free Cities.
Philo White, Hamburg.
Ralph King, Bremen.
Ernest Schwendler, Frankfort.
Hanotse, Hesse Cassel, & Hesse
Darmstadt.
Charles Graebe, Darmstadt.
Hayti, or St. Domingo.
•George F. Usher^ Port au Prince.
•John F. Clarke, Aux Cayes.
•John L. Wilson, Cape Haytien.
Liberia.
•James W. Lugenbeel, Monrovia.^
Mexican Republic.
John Black, Mexico.
James F. Waddell, Matamoras.
Franklin Chase, Tampico.
Wo., p. Rogers. {^T.^^^So^'
Bennett Riddles, Chihuahua.
John Parrott, Mazatlan.
G. W. P. Bissell, San Bias.
John A. Robinson, Guayamas.
Lewis Morris, Campeach6.
Wm. R. Glover, j ^'C"^' ^'^
Edward Porter, Tabasco.
Muscat, Dominion of the Fmaum of.
Charles Ward, Island of Zanzibar.
, Muscat.
The Netherlands, or Holland.
Albert Lange, Amsterdam.
Wm. S. Campbell, Rotterdam.
Colonies,
Fnuicis W. Cragin, Paramaribo.
W. H. Freeman, Curaqoa.
Charles B. Wells, Batavia, Java.
Charles Rey, Isi. St.Martins.
New Granada.
Harvey Gleason, Chagres.
Ramon L. Sanchez, Carthagena.
, Santa Martha.
Amos B. Corwine, Panami.
Pacific Islands, Independent.
Elisha H. Allen, Honolulu, Sand. Isl.
Charles Bunker, Lahaina.
Clvarles B. Wastford,Bayofl6l.,N.Z.
*J. B. Williams, J ^Yslanllr ^^^'
David Whippy, {^-^o-A^gt^^^^^^
*John C. Williams, Navigators' Isl.
Tahiti.
Horace Hawes, Society Islands.
Peru.
Stanhope Prerost, Lima.
Alex. Ruden, Jr., Paita.
F. M. Ringgold, Arica.
Portugal.
Horace Smith, Lisbon &, all Portugal.
Islands.
Chas. W. Dabney, Fayal, Azores.
John H. March, Funchal, Madeira.
Mont. D. Parker, St. Jago, C. Verd.^
Robert P. Desilver, Macao.
Prussia.
Charles Graebe, Westphalia.
i Prussian Provinces
of the Rhine.
Fred. Schillow, Stettin.
Rome, or Pontifical States.
Wm.CarroU Saunders,Rome.
Joseph Mozier, Ancona.
L. W. Jerome, Ravenna.
Russia.
Abraham P. Gibson, St. Petersburg.
Alox. Schwartz, Riga.
1651.1
INTERCOURSB WITH PORBIGN NATIONS.
141
Edmund Brandt, Archangel.
John Ralli, Odessa.
Reynold Frenckall, Helsiiigfors.
Sandwich Islands. See Pacific
Islands, Independent.
Sardinia.
Daniel Le Roy, Genoa.
J. B. Wilbor, Nice.
Saxony.
John G. Flagel, Leipsic.
John M. Fessenden, Dresden.
Spain.
' Max. de Aguirre, Bilboa.
Alexander Burton, Cadiz.
John S. Smith, Malaga.
Paul Anquera, Barcelona.
, Port Mahon, Isl. Min.
Cvba.
Rob. B. Campbell, Havana.
Thomas M. Rodney, Matanzas.
Samuel McLean, Trinidad de Cuba.
Wm. N. Adams, Santiago de Cuba.
Puerto Rico.
James C. Gallaher, Ponce.
, Mayaguez.
Wm. H. Tracy, Guayama.
George Latimer, St. John's.
Other Spanish Islands.
Edward F. Weld, Tenerifie, Canaiy.
SWEDSir AUS NOEWAT.
C. D. ArfW«d8on, Stockholiii.
Alex. Barclay, Aet'g, Gothenbutg.
Helmich Janson, Bergen, Nor.
SwiTZBBIiAlO).
Nadian Bufchard, Budlyor BkH.
TURKKT.
^»^ Constantiaofilii.
E. S. Offley, Smym^.
C Beyrout,Dama8-
Jasper Chasseaud, < cus, and Saida,
^ in Syria.
Merino de Mattey, Cyprus-
Geoi|(e Mountfortf Candia.
TUSCANT.
Edw.Gamage, Florence Leghoriw
Two Sicilies.
Alex. Hammett, Naples.
B. M. Edney, Palermo.
Alex. H. Clements, Messina.
UlUTGUAY, on ClSPLATIJlk Rl»
PITBLIC.
Rob. M. Hamilton, Monte Video.
Venezuela.
Soutby Grinaldfl,
Louis Baker,
Roland Dubs.
Fred. A. Beelen,
Puerto Cabelltf.
Laguaym.
Maracaibo.
Angostura.
WnBTEMBEKtt.
A. H. P. Edwards, Manilla, Philipp. Chas. L. Fleischmaa, Stuttgart.
The only Consuls who receive salaries are those for London, $ 2,000,
Tangier, $ 2,000, Tunis, $ 2,000, and Tripoli, $2,000, and those for Bey-
rout and Alexandria. The Consuls for the five treaty ports in China ra-
ceive $ 1,000 each for judicial duties.
3. Foreign Ministers and their Secretaries,
Jiccredited to the Government qf the UnUed States.
[Corrected in State Department, Auguat 22d, 18W.1
Foreign States. Envoys Ex. and Min. Plen. fiecnBtarieB, &c.
Rassia, Alexander de Bodisco, Edw.de Stoeckl, 1st See,
c( Mr. de Cramer, 2d Su.
Argentine Rep., Brig.-Gen. Don C M.de Alvear.
u D. Emilo de Alvear, See. of Lsg.
Great Britain, Rt.Hon.SLr Henry L.E.Bulwer, J. Croker Pennell, Esq.
u%
VMITKD STATES.
[1851.
Foreign SlatM. Bnvoyi Ex. and Min. Plen. Secrataries, &c.
France, M. Sain de Boislecomte, M. A. de Boarboulon.
Spain, Don A. Calderon de ia Barca, Chevalier Banuelos, 1st See,
w J. de Silva, 2d See.
Chili, Don Manaei Carrallo, Don Fran. S. Astaburuaga.
N. Granada, Gen. Pedro AlcftntaraHenran,CerTeleon Pinzon.
M
Brazil,
Mexico,
M
Chev. S. T. de Macedo.
Don Luis de la Rosa,
it
u
Pern,
Portugal,
Pmnria,
Belgium,
Denmaik,
Austria.
Dr. Elvi Ordonez, AUachi.
Chev. Doarte de Gondin.
Salvador Yturbide, See. of Leg.
Antonio Sierra, CUrk.
Vicente de la Barrera, ^
Octaviano Perez, > AtUiekh.
Angel Huici, )
Don Jose Manuel Tizado, J. Y. de Osma, See. pf Leg.
Ministen Resident.
Com. J. C. de Figaniere h Morao.
Sen. F. F. de la Figaniere, w^ttacAtf.
A. Magnus, ^Uack6.
M. Torben de Bille, Maehe.
Baron Von Gerolt,
Henry Boset Spencer.
Charges d'Afiaires.
M. Steen de Bili6,
Chevalier HQlsemann, a<{mtert]ii.
Netherlands, Chevalier F. M. W. Testa.
Sweden,
Two Sicilies and Parma, Chevalier Martuscelli.
Sardinia. Chevalier L. Mossi, and Consid' General.
Venezuela, Don Rafael Acevedo.
Nicaragua, Don Edward Carache.
4. Foreign Consuls and Vice-Consuls in the United States.^
^ List of Foreign Consuls and Vtee- Consuls in the United States.
Those marked thuB (*) are Cofuula-General ; thua (f) Vice-Cotuuia; the rest BnConatds.
Argentine BepubUe^ or Buenos Ayres.
Fitzhenry Homer, Boston.
Motte A. Pringle, Charleston.
Austria.
*Augnflt Belmont, New York.
Chas. F. Loosey, Chancellor^ do.
J. W. Iiangdon, Cons. Agt.^ Boston,
t Sebastian Wain, Philadelphia.
tH. W. Kuhtman, Charleston.
Jacob H. Eimer, New Orleans.
tAndrew Low, Savannah,
tls^ac M. Wright, Apalachicola.
James Gower, San Francisco.
Sadtn.
*J. W. Schmidt, New York,
t Jacob H. Eimer, New Orleans.
Bavaria.
G. Heinrich Siemon, New York.
C. Fred. Hagedom, Philadelphia.
John Smidt, Louisville.
t Thia list ia neceaaarilj imperfect in aome degree, as no official record of the Foreign
. OansQli in the United Statea ia kept at any of the public offices. Every exertion Is made to
render it as correct as possible. Those vfho notice errors in the list are respectfully requeat-
•d to communicate them to the editor, for corxeetion in the subsequent volame.
1851.]
INTIRC0UR8B WltS WQ9Sm» NATIONS.
lit
Ferdin. L. Brauns, Baltimore.
Cbas. F. Adae, CincinnatL
Selffium.
*Auguste Moxhet,
IS. Rawson,
Henrj Winsor,
tHippolyte Mali,
Adolphe Bone,
G. J. Gorter,
A. W. Nolting,
tAuguste Branda,
Geo. A. Hopley,
W. O'DriscoU,
tWilHam Porter,
fTh. Pinkney,
Charles Aiiz6,
Jiynes B. Behn,
Charles Hunt,
New York.
Eastport.
Boston.
New York.
Philadelphia.
Baltimore.
Richmond.
Norfolk.
Charleston.
Savannah.
Apalachicola.
Key West.
Mobile.
New Orleans.
St. Louis.
San Francisco.
tM. Hachette,
BraxiL
•L. H. F. d'Aguiar, New York.
t Archibald Foster, i
tL. F. Figaniere,
t£dw. S. Sayres,
C. O. O'Donneil,
tClement Smith,
tHerman Baldwin,
tMyer Myers,
Mass., N.H., and
Maine, Boston.
New York.
Philadelphia.
Bahimore.
Dist. Columbia.
Richmond. •
Norfolk.
Charleston.
tGustavus Street,
tBarthoIomew Vails, New Orleans.
BrtnMn,
Edwin A. Oelrichs, New York.
J. C. Mecke, Philadelphia.
*A]b. Schumacher, Baltimore.
Ant. Ch. Cazenove, Dist. Columbia.
Buenos Ayre$.
tN. Frazee, PhUadelphia.
ChSti.
Frank. H. Delano, New York.
R. B. FitBgerald, B«ltimore.
Samuel Prica, San Francisco.
Denmark,
M. Steen Bill^, Philadelphia.
G.M.Thacher.JMa«,Me^^H.
Edw;Beok,{N.Y..Co»^«.d^p«
tGodfrey Weber, Philadelphia.
tHen. G. Jacobsen, Baltimore.
t James Dempsey,
tP. K. Dickinson,
t James U. Ladson,
t W. Cnbtrse,
J. F. C. Vies,
Ecuador. ^
Seth Bryant, Boston.
James H. Causten, Washington.
Edward F. Sweetser, Philadelphia.
Murat Willis, Norfolk.
Clement Ballen, San Francisco.
France.
Alexandria.
WiliiHogtoa.
Charleston.
Savannah.
New Orleans.
Louis Trapman,
Eleazer Crabtree,
Fred. Rodenwald,
Charles Hunt,
Diedr. H. Klaener,
H. G. A. Heymann, San Francisco.
Brunswick and Lauenburg.
*G. J. Bechtel, New York.
Charleston.
Savannah.
New Orleans.
St. Louis.
Galveston.
•Felix Lacoste,
t Lou is Borg,
Maxim. Isnard,
f James Lemonier,
tFauvel Gouraud,
Durand St. Andr^,
t Henry Vermot,
M. Defly,
t Pascal Schisano,
Count de Choiseul,
tR. de Leaumont,
tL. Barr6,
Aim^ Roger,
fH.. Germain,
tH. de St. Cyr,
New York.
New York.
Boston.
Boston.
Newport
Philadelphia.
Baltimore.
Richmond.
Norfolk.
Charleston.
Charleston. .
Savannah. .
New Orleans.
New Orleans.
Galveston.
J. F. Meline, Cons, Jigt,j Cincinnati.
Patrice Dillon, San Francisco.
tEdward.Guys, San Franciseo.
144
milTBD STATES.
[1851.
Jules Lombard, Cons. Agt,, | JJy^^^j.
Franhfortan the Maine,
Fred. Wyamaiw, New York.
Arnold Ualbacb, Philfidelpbia.
Greai Britain*
tW. D. Sherwood, Eastport.
James Grignon,
E. A. Graltan,
tWm. Elliot,
tC. Grinnell,
Anthony Barcky,
William Peter,
J. McTaTish,
Francis Waring,
C Maine &N.H.,
^ Portland.
Boston.
Boston.
New Bedford.
New York.
Philadelphia.
Baltimore.
Norfolk.
Alexandria.
Philadelphia.
Baltimore.
Charleston.
New Orleans.
Louisville.
Pittsburg.
St. Louis.
tH. Smith,
George B.Mathew, J \^-«i^^^^^^
tG. W. Davis, Wilmington.
*i> M.^n 4^ i r^or. and Ala.,
tR. Martin, .^rf., J Mobile.
t -7— O'Hani, Key West.
A. L. Mc^yneux, Georgia.
William Mure, New Orleans.
Arthur T. Lynn, Galveston.
Greece.
Henry G. Andrews, Boston.
Eugene Dutilh, New York.
ChuUemdla.
*Antonio de Aycenena.
Hamburg.
*Char]es N. Buck, Philadelphia.
*Alb. Schumacher, Baltimore.
C. H. F.' Moehring, Boston.
Ferdinand Karck,
Henry Ludlam,
Lewis Trapman,
Edward R. Bell,
William Vogel,
J. W. Jockusth,
New York.
Richmond.
Charleston.
Mobile.
New Orleans.
Galveston.
San Francisco.
Alfred Godeifroy,
Hanover.
L. H. Myer, New York.
John LepfMen,
Edward Uhrlaub,
H. W. Kuhtman,
James B. Behn,
Frederic Schwartz,
Charles Boll man,
Adolphus Meier,
C. H. H. Papendick, Milwaukee.
Julius Frederick, Galveston.
Otto Frank, San Francisco.
Jkttoaiian fylandi.
•Sch. Livingston, New York.
Granville S.OIdfield.jMd.i.nd^Del.,
G. S. 01d£eld,Jr., San Francisco.
Eleetorate of Hesse.
Conrad W. Faber, New York.
Grand Duchy of Hesse, Hesse Dorm'
stadt.
Antoin Bollerman, New York.
Luhee.
G. W. Kniger, New York.
Died. H. Klaener, Galveston.
Mecklenburg' Schwerin.
*L. Herckenrath, Charleston.
Wilhelm Prebn, New Orleans.
A. T. Berg, Galveston.
Mexico,
tA. L. Dabelsteen, New Orleans.
tG. G. Stewart,
tFelix Merino,
t J. A. Pizarro,
t Juan Herbst,
Andres Castillero,
[Charles Le Baron,
New York.
Philadelphia.
Baltimore.
Pittsburg.
San Francisco*
Mobile.
Manuel Armendari, New Mexico.
Buenaventura Alcalda, ) ^TTxas^ **
Montevideo.
Frederic B. Graff, Baltimore.
B. Vails, New Orleans.
J^assttu.
*Wilh. A. Kobbe, New York.
— — — J ~-j — .. — — _, _.^.. . ..^ ^
tA. W. Hupeden, New York. JRudolph Petting, Galveston.
1851.]
INTERCOURSE WITH FOREIGN NATIONS.
145
A.V.Von Witzleben, San Francisco.
J^etherlandSf or Holland.
tB. H. Dixon, I ''Z'K'i-'Bl^u.
T n 7:«»».«.»».» i N. Y., N. J., and
J. C. Zimmennan, ^ ^^ ^^^ york.
Henry Bohlen,
Frederic B. Graff,
Th. L. Wragg,
tOIiver O'Hara,
Myer Myers,
Philadelphia.
Baltimore.
Charleston.
Key West.
Norfolk.
Jacob Van Wanzoy, j ^di^b^fe.'
F M Warrl 5 ^^' *°^ MisS.,
I?.M. ward, ^ New Orleans.
J. P. H. Gildemeester, San Francisco.
JVeio GranwiA.
*Don Domingo Acosta.
Greg. Dominguez, New York.
Oldenburg,
E. Pavenstedt, New York.
Henry Oelrichs, Baltimore.
Charles T. Lowndes, Charleston.
Julius Frederichy Galveston.
Peru.
George F. Guild,
Thomas Galway,
Chapman Biddle,
James J. Fisher,
Charles Varea,
Gnil. Robinet,
Boston.
New York.
Philadelphia.
Baltimore.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
tManuel J. de los Reyes.
Juan Ygnacia de Osma, i Washhigton,
Portugal.
*M. C. H. S. de la Figaniere, New
[York.
tD. Anton. G, Vega, 5 *^Bo*"oJ^*^'
t Archibald Loster, jtfcf., Boston,
f W. de F. H. Borges, R. I., Warren,
i August. L. Baptista, Md., Baltimore.
Savannah.
Mobile.
New Orleans.
San Francisco.
tManoel A. Santos, Norfolk.^
tHenriq. T. Street, Charleston.
f J. G. Doon,
Carlos Le Baron,
t Jose A. Barelli,
John Searle,
Prussia.
*J. W. Schmidt, New York.
F. A. Hirsch,
t George Hussey,
G. H. Mecke,
Ferdtn. L. Brauns,
Lewis Trapman,
Wilhelm Vogel,
E. C. Angelrodt,
Rome.
Boston.
New Bedford.
Philadelphia.
Baltimore.
Charleston.
New Orleans.
St. Louis.
tNicholas Reggio,
tLoui^ B. Btnsse,
T. P. Scott,
tThomas Roger,
L. C. Daron,
Boston.
New Yerk.
Philadelpbii
Baitimofe.
Charleston.
New Orleans.
Fernando B,»arden,|P«,f4;;^pW.
Russia.
Alex. Evstaphieve, New York.
Geo. E. Runhardt, New York,
t Robert B. Storer,
F. Whittle,
Thos. Deas,
t John R. Wilder,
iJoseph £. Morrell,
Emile Johns,
t J. S. Haviland,
W. Shaer,
Fernando Moreno^
Airdinia.
*Louis Mossi, Washington.
Antonio Michoud, New Orleans,
t Charles Ferrero, New York.
tNicholas Reggio. { Me- N^Mj-..
Boston.
Norfolk.
Charleston.
Savannah.
Mobile.
New Orleans.
Philadelphia.
Baltimore.
Key West.
tVittoria S.r,ori. { ^Tei Ankd"'
♦rhriat TV^oU i Dist. Columbia and tE. L. Trenholm, Charleston.
Ti^nrisi. x^eaie, j Alexandria, Va. 'tC. A. Williamson, Baltimore.
t And for all other ports in Virgiaia except Alexandria.
13
146
UMITBO STATES.
[1851.
tGuillaume H. Lebaron, Mobile.
tM. Kavena, Galveston.
Spxe Coburgand Gotha,
C. Heinrich, New York.
Saxe-Weifnar.
Edward Stucken, New York.
Saxony.
•J. W. Schmidt, New York.
Ferdin. L. Brauns, Baltimore.
J. F. C. Vlea, New Orleans.
Spain,
tHenry Merrill, Portland,
f Wm. B. Parker, Portsmouth.
Don Ant. G. Vega, Boston.
N. Kevins, ^et^
F. Stoughton,
t Jorge Chacon,
tJ. Anto. LarraSga,
tJ. Anto. Pizarro,
tJohn Allmand,
J. C. Kuhn, Texas, Galveston.
C Ky., Ind., lit., O.,
Nicholas Basler, < Mich., and Wise.,
^ Louisville.
Turkey.
Abraham Zipcy, Boston.
Tuscany.
W. H. Aspinwall, New York.
Carlo Gavenni, Mobile.
Carlo G. Manzoni, New Orleans.
Two Sicilies.
Don Domenico Morelli, Philad.
fNicholas Reggio, Boston.
tB. D. Potter,
Fred. B. Lord,
tF. Moreno,
tF. A. Browne,
tJohn G. Doon,
tManuel Cruzat,
Jos. G. Miranda,
Boston.
New York.
Philadelphia.
Charleston.
Baltimore.
Norfolk.
Wilmington.
Pensacola.
Key West.
Savannah.
Mobile.
New Orleans.
J. Y. Laborde, .^rf.. New Orleans.
Sweden and Norway.
•A. de Lovenskiold, Washington.
^_ _ „ C Me., N. H., and
tE.L.Benzon, J Mass, Boston.
tClaud E. Habicht, New York.
Rich. Seldener, Philadelphia.
tF. B. Graff, Baltimore.
tJohn H. Brent, Alexandria.
tDuncan Robertson, Norfolk.
tFran. H. Welman, "Savannah.
tJos. A. Winthrop, Charleston.
t George Westeldt, Mobile.
tDiedr. Miesegaes, New Orleans.
SwUzerland.
« • » T\ T «-« ^ N. England and
Louis P. De Luge, ^ j^ y., ]5ew York.
t rt o C Fenn., New Jersey, and
J. G.8yze,jD^l^^^^pi,iJadelphia.
T u A w 1^ ^ L*- *Dd Miss.,
John A. Merle, J ^^^ Orleans.
flra Clisbe,
tG. C. Vertu,
fLuca Palmieri,
tA. C. Rhodes,
tN. E. Fowles,
Providence.
New Haven.
New York.
Philadelphia.
Baltimore.
Dist. Columbia.
Charleston.
tG. A. Trenholro,
tGoffredo Bamsley, Savannah.
iO. Wolff, Mobile.
t J. A. Barelli, New Orleans.
Uruguay.
Boston.
New York.
Philadelphia.
Baltimore.
Charleston.
Mobile.
New Orleans.
E. S. Tobey,
tG. F. Darby,
t George Green,
F. B. Graff,
fG. L. Lowden,
fC . J. Mansong,
fE. Dudley Head,
Venexuda.
Silas G. Whitney, Boston,
fjohn P. Bigelow,
Juan B. Purroy,
Jose C. Kee^
J. F. Strohm, '
Victor de la Cora,
Aaron Milhado,
Geo. B. Dieter,
WuTtemherg.
Ferd. L. Brauns, Baltimore.
Frederick Klett,
Leopold Bierwirth,
Carl. Fred. Adae,
F. Honold,
Boston.
New York.
Philadelphia.
Baltimore.
Washington.
Norfolk.
New Orleans.
Philadelphia.
New York.
Cincinnati.
New Orleans.
1851.]
POST-OFFICB DEPARTMBNT.
IX. POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENt.
147
1. Post'Ofice SUUistUsfor the Year ending June 30, 1849.
Number of mail routes, July 1,1849, . . . . . . 4,943
Length of mail routes, July 1, 1849, miles, 167,703
Amount of annual transportation in miles, .... 42,544,069
Cost of same for year ending June 30, 1849, • . • $2,428,515
Length of routes connecting this with foreign countries, eoveted) .. ^^^^
by regular United States mail conveyance, ....)'
Annual cost of same, chargeable to the Post-Office Department, $ 255,692
Number of contractors, 4,190
Route agents, local agents, and mail messengers, .... 298
Number of post-offices supplied, 16,747
Increase in aggregate length of routes, since July 1, 1848, . • 4,496
Increase of inland mail transportation since July 1, 1848, in miles, 1^531,490
Gross rerenue for the year, $ 4,905,176ii8
(For details, see post, page 149.) ^
Expenditures for the year, 4,479,049.13
Excess of gross revenue for the year, 426,127.15
During the year, 921 new post-offices were established, and 333 were dis-
continued. 2,782 postmasters were appointed in consequence of resigna-
tions; 183 in consequence of deaths; 284 for changes of sites of the offices;
921 to new offices ; 2,103 by removals ; 11 where commissions expired,
and were not renewed ; 26 where commissions were renewed ; 23 by be-
coming Presidential appointments ; in all, 6,333.
2. Revenue and Expenditure of the Post-Office from 1st JuLy^ 1836, to 30<A
June, 1849.
Year ending
30th June.
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
Lettor Postage.
Newspapers
and Pamphlets.
Total Annual
Receipts.!
$4,236,779
4,238,733
4,484,657
4,543,522
4,407,726
4,546,849
4,296,225
4,237,288
4,289,841
Total Annual
Kxpenditures.
$3,674,834
3,776,125
3,976,446
4,003,776
3,812,739
3,953,315
3,738,307
3,676,162
3,660,231
$425,714
458,737
500,873
535,229
566,246
572,225
543,277
549,744
608,765
$3,544,630
4,430,662
4,636,536
4,718,236
4,499,528
5,674,752
4,374,754
4,296,513
4,320,732
Total to 30ih
June. 1 845.
34,271,935
4,760,810
39,281,620
40,496,353
Nr«X;i 3.8OT,993
528,979
4,364,625
4,499,595
The above statistics apply wholly to the revenue under the old law.
The following table shows the income for the first four years under the
new law : —
* Including the distance from New York to Chagrss, and from San Francisco to Panama,
both together, 6,610 miles. The cost of this service is provided for by navy contracts and
appropriations.
* Including fines and miscellaneous receipts.
148
umiVD STATES.
[185L
Year ending
30ih June.
Letter Postage.
Newspapers
and Pamphlets.
Total Annual
Receipts*
Total Annual
Expenditures.
1846
1847
1848
1849
$ 2,881,697
3,198,957
3,550,304
4,082,762
$ 562,143
643,160
767,334
819,016
$ 3,487,199
3,955,893
4,371,(177
4,905,176
$ 4,084,297
3,979,570
4,326,850
4,479,049
Tout for
Four Years,
13,713,720
2,791,653
16,719,345
16,869,766
Areraffe of
Four Years,
3,428,430
697,913
4,179,836
4,217,441
From the above tables it will be seen that the annual average income for
nine yean, ending 30th Jane, 1845, was $ 4,364,625} and that for the four
years under the new law it has been $ 4,179,836. The average expendi-
ture for the nine years was, $ 4,499,595 ; and for the four years it lias been
^ 4,217,441. The average revenue from letter postage for the nine years
was $ 3,807,993 ; and for the four years it has been $ 3,428,430. The dimi-
nution of the revenue from letters, newspapers, and pamphlets, for the year
ending June 30th, 1846, as compared with the preceding year, was $825,156,
or 19.32 per cent., and as compared with the average of the nine years
preceding, it was $ 893,132, or 20.59 per cent In 1847 there was an in-
crease over 1846off 388,277, or 11.27 percent.; in 1848 over 1847, of
$285,522, or 7.43 per cent.; and in 1849 over 1848, of $584,139, or 14.20
per cent. Thus it will be seen that the income from these sources for 1849
was 13.58 per cent, greater than that for 1845; and 12.21 per cent, greater
than that of the average for the nine years ending June 30th, 1845.
The average rate per cent, of increase in the postage on letters, news-
papers, pamphlets, ds«., for the years 1847, 1848, and 1849, was 10.96, and
for the years 1847 and 1848, 9.35. Temporary causes, as the retaliatory
postage act of June 27, 1848, t and the Presidential canvass, increased un-
duly the receipts for the year 1849 ; and 9.35 per cent, is more nearly the
average annual increase of revenue. The revenue from postage on news-
papers and pamphlets has steadily increased since 1837. Since 1847, this
increase is attributable partly to the increased rates on newspapers and
pamphlets by the act of March 30th, 1847.
The reduction in the expenditures has been made in the lettings in the
different sections, where the service has been taken at reduced prices, un-
der that provision of the act of 1845 which directs the acceptance of the
lowest bid, without regard to the former contractor, or the stock which he
may have had on the road, and irrespective of the mode of conveyance.
The actual cost per mile for transportation of the mail for the year ending
June 30, 1845, was 8.01 oents. For the year ending June 30, 1849, under
the operation of the law of 1845, it was 5.06 cents, making a difference of
* Including fines and miscellaneous receipts, except for 1848, the amount for which year
does not include fines,
t .\mencan Almanac for 1849^ page 211.
1851.] P08T-orricc department. 149
2.05 cents per mile, or more than one fbnrth of the cost in 1845. In the re- -
letting of the contracts in the Northern Section, which embraces New Eng-
land and New York, in the spring of 1849, the cost of service, so far as it
was open to competition, was still further reduced, averaging nearly three
cents per mile for each mile of transportation of the mail in carriages or on
horseback. In the railroad and steamboat service, where the monopoly
excludes competition, the cost is increased, and the transportation amounts
to nine cents for each mile the mail is carried. It is this item, more than
the increase in the number of the mail routes or in the frequency of the
transmission of the mails, that causes the increasing expenditure.
The mail service to Bremen, via Southampton, under contract with the
Department, cost for the year, $ 900,000. The gross amount realized in
postage from that service for the year ending Oct. 4, 1849, was ^61,114J90.
The gross amount received from June 1st, 1847, to October 4, 1848, was
$ 29,082.51.
The following is the detul of the receipts and expenditures of the De-
partment for the contract year : —
Receipts.
Letter postage and stamps sold, • 3,882,762.62 Tranaportation of malls, f 2,&rTf4ffTJ71
Newspapers aad pamphleta, 819,016.20 Oorapensatlon to postmasters, 1,320,921.34
Fines, 43.75 Ship, steamboat, and way leUevs, 36,174.46
Miscellaneous items, 3,254.21
Dead letter money suld, 99.50 Office furniture, 4,219.69
Annual appropriation for mail ser-
Excess of gross revenue for year, $4^,127.15
Undrawn appropriations in treasury,
exclusive of the • 200,000 above
charged, 265,665.66
Expenditures.
Wrapping-paper, 23,936.03
Advertising, 61,813.32
vice by the government, 200.000.00 Mail-bags, 20,276.38
Total receipts, $4,906, 176.2tj Blanks, 20,803.71
i 4,479,049. 13| Mail locks, keys, and stamps, 4,686.60
Mail depredations and special agents, 21 ,223.00
Clerks for offices of postmasters, 317,218.36
Miscellaneous payments, 70,437.89
Post*offlce laws and regulations, 31.75
Total ezpendlturai, $4,479,019.12
Unexpended revenue of Department,
including former appropriations, $691 ,682.70
3. Business of the Post-Office and Compensation of Postmasters,
It is estimated that the number of letters paying postage, including
ship and steamboat letters, drop-letters, and printed circulars, which
passed through the mails for the year ending June 30th, 1849, was
62,000,000, of which number 15,500,000 were subject to the ten-cent post-
age on account of distance. Besides this number, there were not less than
5,500,000 free and franked letters, and 2,100,000 dead letters were re-
turned to the Department. During the two sessions of the Thirtieth Con-
gress, ending March 3d, 1849, the extra number of public Documents for
distribution, ordered by the House alone, was 370,350, and their weight
was 467,762 pounds. There were 6,584,500 printed speeches folded for
members to frank, which, at one ounce each, amount to 411,531 pounds.
This does not include the written correspondence of the members, or the
13*
150 DMITBD STATES. [l^^^V
mall matter bj them received. By a report from the City Po8t>Ofiice in
Washington it appears that, daring the year ending June 30, 1849, the
number of free wrkun mail matter sent waa 484^210; number recetvd^
819,393, making in all, 1,303,503. There were 397,630 printed Senate
speeches, and 170,715 Senate, and 3,448,250 House documents sent during
the year, making a total of 5,320,098 free written and printed matter,
which, if not franked, would have been subject, as computed^ to a postage
of $792,709.
The commissions allowed postmasters are as follows, viz. : —
1. On the amount of letter postage, not exceeding $ 100 in
any one fuarterf 40 per cent.
2. On any sum between $ 100 and $ 400 in any one year, 33^ *'
3. On any sum between $ 400 and $ 2,400 in a year, . 30 **
4. On any sura over $ 2,400 in a year,. .... 12^ '*
5. On the amount of letters and packets received for dis-
tribution at offices designated by the Postmaster-General for
that purpose, 7 **
6. On all sums arising from the postage on newspapers,
magazines, and pamphlets, 50 *'
7. Box renis not exceeding $ 2,000 per annum.
The postmasters at New Orleans and Washington have special allow-
ances for extra labor. To the postmasters at offices where the mail is
regularly to arrive between the hours of 9 o'clock at night and 5 in the
morning, the commission on the first $ 100 collected in one quarter may be
increased by the Postmaster-General to a sum not exceeding 50 per cent.
To postmasters whose pay does not exceed $2,000 per annum, two cents
are paid ibr the delivery of each free letter or document.
The term letter postage includes all postages received, except those which
arise from newspapers sent from the offices of publication to subscribers,
and from pamphlets and magazines.
4. Rates of Postage within the United States.
For a letter not exceeding half an ounce in weight (avoirdu-
pois), sent not exceeding 300 miles, 5 cents.
Sent over 300 miles, 10 **
A letter over half an ounce in weight, but not exceeding an
ounce, is rated with two charges of single postage [ over one
ounce, but not exceeding two ounces, with four charges } over
two ounces, but not exceeding three ounces, six charges of single
postage, and so on : there being two additional charges for each
succeeding ounce, or fraction of an ounce^ beyond the first ounce.
When advertised, two cents additional are charged on each letter,
crfow cents, if the advertising costs so much.
The postage of a single letter to Oregon or California, via
Chagres and Panama, is 40 cents, — to be prepaid or not, at the
option of the sender.
1861.] POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 151
For drop-letters (not to be mailed), eaeh . . . . .2 cents.
For all letters or packages, conveyed, by any vessel not em-
ployed in carrying the mail, from one post or place to any other
post or place in the United States, 2 *'
For any pamphlet, magazine, periodica), or other matter of
every kind that is transmittible by mail, and has no written
commonication on it, of one ounce or less, or for a newspaper
exceeding 1,900 square inches of surface, sent from the office of
publication, 2j^ **
- For each additional ounce, or an excess greater than a half-
ounce, 1 cent
For newspapers of 1,900 square inches or less, sent from the
office of publication, not mo.e than 100 miles, or any distance
within the same State, 1 *<
Sent over such distance, 1} *^
On each newspaper sent to Oregon or California, the postage
is 4^ cents ; to be prepaid, except when sent from the office of
pubiicatioii.
TraTisieni newspapers^ i. e. those not sent from the office of
publication, are subject to the general newspaper-postage rates ;
but the postage is in all cases to be prepaid.
For handbills, or circular letters, printed or lithographed, not
exceeding one sheet in size (sent any distance), to be paid upon
ddivery at the office and brfore they are put in the nuUlSt . . 3 cents.
As the postage on these articles is chargeable on each copy^ postmasters
will carefully examine all packets, and rate the postage accordingly. When
the article to be mailed is a circular, pamphlet, or newspaper, it should be
so enveloped or folded that it can be distinctly seen at the office to be such,
and also that it contain no writing, marks, or signs, to serve the purpose of
written communications. If not done up so as to open at theend, it is to
be charged as a letter, by weight.
No packet can be mailed which weighs more than three pounds. Bound
books of any size are not included in the term '* mailable matter," except
books sent by Governors of States, and those included under the term
''Public Documents."
The establishment of private expresses for the conveyance of any letters,
packets, or packages of letters, or other matter transmittible in the United
States mail (newspapers, pamphlets, magazines, and periodicals excepted),
from one city, town, or other place, to any other city, town, or place in the
United States, between which the United States mail is regularly trans-
ported, is prohibited. Contractors may carry newspapers out of the mails
for sale or distribution among subscribers. A penalty of $ 5,000 is imposed
on any person taking letters through or over any part of the United Statee
for the purpose of being sent out of the United States without the payment
of postage.
Letters addressed to different persons cannot be inclosed in the same
153 UNITED STATU. [1651.
envelope or package, under a penalty of ten doUan, unleaa addresaed to
foreign countriea.
5. Privilege of Franking,
1. The Preaidentt ez-PreaidentSf Mra. Harriaon, Mra. Adams, and Mrs.
Taylor, have the franking privilege, as regulated by former lawa.
2. Members from Congress and Delegates from TerritorieStyromMtity
days before the commeiuement of each Congress untU the meeting eftke next
Congress, the Vice-President, and the Secretary of the Senate, and the
Clerk of the House of Representatives, during their official ttrms^ may send
and rectxoefre/e letters or packages not exceeding two ounces in weight, and
public documents not exceeding three pounds in weight.
3. The Governors of States may send free the laws, records, and docu-
ments of the Legislature to the. Governors of other States.
4. The Secretaries of State, Treasury, War, and Navy; Attorney-
General ; Postmaster-General and Assistants Postmaster-General ; Comp-
trollers, Auditors, Register, and Solicitor of the Treasury ; Treasurer ;
Commissioners of the different Officers and Bureaus; Chiefs of Bureaus in
the War and Navy Departments, General-in-Chief, and Adjutant-General,
may send and receive fiee all letters and packages upon official business, but
not their private letters or papers.
5. The chief clerk in the State Department may send free public and
official documents.
6. Deputy postmasters may send free all such letters and packages -as
relate exclusively to the business of their respective offices; and those
whose compensation did not exceed $ 200 for the year ending the 30th of
June, 1846, may also send free, through the mails, letters written by them-
selves, and receive free all written communications on their own private
business, not weighing over one half-ounce, but not transient newspapers,
handbills, or circulars.
7. Exchange newspapers between editors pass free.
. Public doctunsnts are those printed by the order of either House of Con-
gress, and publications or books procured or purchased by Congress, or
either House, for the use of the members.
6. Ratss of Forbiov Postaob, and of Postagb to Oregon and
California.
Great Britain and Ireland,
Between the United States and Great Britain and Ireland, letters are
rated, by weight, as in the United States. Between any office in the
United States (Oregon and California excepted), and any office in Great
Britain and Ireland, the entire postage is 24 cents the single letter, which
may be prepaid or sent unpaid. Between the offices of California and
Oregon and those of Great Britain and Ireland, the entire postage is 59
cents the single letter, which may be prepaid or sent unpaid. Payment of
1851.J
FOST-OFFICiB DEPARTMENT.
153
any thing less than the entire postage goes for nothing, and such letters will
be treated as wholly unpaid.
Foreign Countries and CUies, via England,
Table 1. -^ On all correspondence between the United States and the
ibllowing-named countries, the United States postage, and that only, must
be collected in the United States, by prepayment when sent, and on
delivery when received, at the rate of 5 cents the single letter when
conveyed by British packet (unless from or to Oregon or California, then
40 cents), and 21 cents the single letter when conveyed by United States
packet (unless, as aforesaid, from or to Oregon or California, then 56
cents), to wit:* —
Holland,
Hong Kong (China),
Ionian Islands,
Lubec, Free City of,
Malta, Island of,
Mecklenburg-Schwerin,
Mecklenburg-Strelitz,
Moldavia,
t Naples, Kingdom of,
Norway,
Oldenburg,
Poland,
Prussia,
Roman or Papal States,
Russia,
Saxony,
f Scutari, City of,
tSmyrna, **
Table 2. — On all correspondence between the United States (Oregon
and California excepted) and the following-named countries through the
United Kingdom, and by the routes here specified, there Must be prepaid
when sent, and collected when received, the following rates, for the single
letter of half an ounce in weight : —
tAlexandria, City of,
Algeria,
Austria, and Austrian
States,
Baden,
Bavaria,
Belgium,
Br^merv, Free City of,
Brunswick, -
fBeyrout, City of,
fDardanelles, The,
Denmark,
France,
German States,
Gibraltar,
fGreece,
Hamburg & Cuxhaven,
Hanover,
Sweden,
Switzerland,
Turkey in Europe,
tTuscany,
Venetian States,
Wallachia,
Wurtemberg,
West Indies, &c., Brit-
ish, viz. : — Antigua,
Barbadoes, Bahamas,
Berbice, Cariacou,
Demerara, Dominica,
Essequibo, Grenada,
Honduras, Jamaica,
Montserrat, Nevis, St.
Kitts, St. Lucia, St.
Vincent, Tobago, Tor-
tola, Trinidad.
fAden, Asia,
§ Australia, ....
Do. by private ship, .
II Azores, Islands, .
{Bourbon and Borneo, Islands of, 53
ITBrazil, .... 87
Cents.
. 45
53
. 37
63
IFBuenos Ayres, .
IFCanary Islands, .
Cape de Ve de Islands,
I Ceylon, Island of,
IChina, 45
tEgypt, 57
Cents.
. 83
65
. 65
45
'KThis does not supersede the American line to Bremen. See post, p. 165.
tVia Marseilles.
IVia Southampton. jfTIa Southampton and Lisbon.
IVia Southampton and India. TVia Falmouth.
154
01fXTBD STATES.
[1851.
•Greece,
TTHeligoland, Island of, .
•Indies, East,
t Java and Labnan, .
§ Lucca and Modena,
•Madeira, Island of,
tMauritias,
t Moluccas,
II Montevideo,
•New Granada,
tNew South Wales,
New S. Wales, by private
tNew Zealand,
•* by private
§ Parma and Placentia, .
•Philippine Islands, .
•Portugal,
Oafltfl.
. 57
33
.45
53
. 31
65
. 45
53
. 83
45
53
ship, . 37
53
ship;. 37
31
. 45
63
Table 3.
Cents.
Sierra Leone, . . . .45
•Spain, 73
75
t Sumatra, Island of, . . . 53
•Syria, 67
t Van Diemen's Land, . . 53
•Venezuela, .... 45
•West Indies, foreign, viz. : —
•Cuba, . ' . •
•Guadaloupe, Hay ti, Martin-
ique, Porto Rico, St. Croix,
St. Eustatius, St. Martin, St.
Thomas, . • • .55
Any British colony or foreign
country, when conveyed to
or from the United Kingdom
by private ships, . . .v 37
Places.
British
&Sea.
For-
eign.
Ameri-
can
Inland.
To-
tal.
65
73
73
65
65
65
61
51 1
ss
73
65
Places.
British
For-
eign.
10
10
10
10
20
10
20
20
Ameri-
can
Inland.
To-
tal.
73
73
65
41
51
41
51
51
Aden, Asia,
Australia,
Bourbon, Borneo,
Ceylon, Island,
China,
East Indies,
Egjrpt,
«Egypt,
Hong Kong, Isl.,
Java, Lahuan,
Mauritius,
60
58
58
50
50
50
46
26
50
58
50
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
20
10
10
10
5
6
5
6
6
6
6
5
5
6
5
Moluccas, Suma-
tra, and other
places in Indian
Archipelago,
New Zealand,
Philippine Isles,
b Sardinia,
a Sicily,
b Spain,
a Syria,
a Tunis, Africa,
58
6S
50
26
26
26
26
26
6
6
6
5
6
5
5
5
The places marked thus (a) are by French packet, via Marseilles ; those
marked (5) are via France ; and the others are by closed mail, via Marseilles.
On British, sea, and American inland postage, the single letter is i oz. ; on
foreign postage, the single letter is less than | oz. Letters weighing
^ oz. and under i oz. are charged two rates ; i oz. and under |, three rates,
&c.; an additional rate being charged for each quarter of an ounce. Thus, a
letter directed to the East Indies by a British steamer, and weighing less
than ^ oz., will be charged 65 cents postage; if | oz. or more, and less than
i oz., 75 cents must be paid, the foreign postage only being doubled for
each ^ oz. The American inland postage is either 5 or 10 cents, as the
distance in the United States is less than, or over, 300 miles.
Where the correspondence with the countries in the foregoing tables is
from or to Oregon or California, the single*letter rate, to be collected by
prepayment or on delivery, is to be in each instance 35 cents more than the
amounts given.
* Via Southampton. t Via Southampton and India. t Via Southampton and Lisbon.
f Via Fiance. jj Via Falmouth. T Via lioadoo.
1851.]
POST-OFFICfi DJBPASTHSNT.
15$
Postage hy ike JVeio York^ SmUkampiUm^ and Bretfun Line of Steamers.
The following are the rates of postiige prescribed by the act of the 3d of
March, 1845, for mailable matter sent by this line to Europe : —
For all letters and packages not exceeding half an ounce in weight, 24 cts.
For all letters and packages over half an ounce and under one ounce, 48 *'
For every additional half-ounce, 15 '^
For every letter, newspaper, pamphlet, and price-current, . . 3 '*
The United States postage will be charged in addition to the above upon
all mailable matter sent through the mails of the United States to New
York, whence the ships sail for Bremen.
It should be prepaid on letters addressed to any of the following countries
and places, viz. : — Denmark, Norway, St. Petersburgh or Cronstadt, Swe-
den, Alexandria, Austria (empire and provinces), Baden, Basle and other
parts of Switzerland, Bavaria, Cairo, Constantinople, Greece, and the east-
ern towns of Italy. On letters addressed to the following countries and
places, the foreign postage, to the place of destination, may be added to the
United States postage, and the whole be prepaid, — or the American post-
age alone may be prepaid, — or the whole postage may be left unpaid, at
the option of the sender, viz. : —
Mecklenburg'Strelitz,
Nassau, ....
Oldenburg,
Prussia (kingdom and prov-
inces), • • • .
Reuss, ....
Saxe-Altenburg,
Saze-Meiningen, .
Saxe- Weimar, . •
Saxony (kingdom),
Schaumburg-Lippe, .
Sehwartzburg-Rudolstadt, 12
Sch wartzburg-Sondershau-
sen, .... 12
Wurtemberg (kingdom), . 12
Altona, .
. 6 cents.
Bremen,
Nothing.
Brunswick,
. 6 cents.
Cassel, ....
12 «*
Coburg, .
. 12 «•
Darmstadt, .
12 ••
Frankfort-on-the-Main,
. 12 «
Gotha, ....
12 , "
Hamburg, •
. 6 «
Hanover, . • •
6 "
Hesse-Homburg,
. 12 "
Kiel, ....
11 "
Lippe-Detmold, •
. 12 ««
Lubec, ....
9 «
Mecklenburg-Schwerin,
. 12 «
12 cents.
12
(C
5
ti
12
cc
12
u
12
u
12
(t
12
a
12
cc
12
cc
cc
cc
cc
Oiker Foreign Letter Postage.
The postage on single letters, not exceeding half an ounce in weight,
from any part of the United States to Havana, or any part of Cuba, is 12}
cents; to Chagres, 20 cents; to Panama, 30 cents; all to be prepaid. On
letters for any South American port on the Pacific, or for the Sandwich
Islands, the postage to Panama only is to be prepaid. A single letter to
Halifax by the British steamer is rated at 5 or 10 cents, according to dis-
tance ; to Upper Canada and New Brunswick, 10 cents ; to Lower Canada
5 cents, — all to be prepaid. These rates to Lower and Upper Canada and
New Brunswick pay only to the lines, whence the letters are immediately
forwarded to their place of destination.
lee UNITBD STATE*. [1851.
Xtwtfoptr CM Pam/MU pMlagt.
On B&ch nempaper sent bslween Great Britain and the Uoiled Slates,
except bjf the Brermen line, (»ee p. 155,) the postage la ' — — "
bs paid in each counlry. On e '
CDuiilry, thruugh GraEl Britain, t
party SKoding or receiving il. There j
to Cuba by the CharleBton and Now
Chagrea Panama, any Suutli AtnuricaD .
wich lalands, bv steamer from CfaarieatoD, 4| cents', and to Nuva Scotia,
NuiiT Brunswick, Upper or Lower Canada, ii cent*. On each periodical
and pamphlet between Great Britain and the United Slalee, the United
Slates postage is 2 cents, if not over 3 ouncea in weighl, and 1 cenl. pet
ounce or fraction of an ounce over 3 ounces, always to be prepaid. An
additional Britiflb postage of the same rate, when noteiccedtng 3 ouncea,
must bo paid in England ; but the tliird ounce raises the BritisE cl
6 pence, with 2 pence additional fiH each additional oi
7, JWIe of MaU Service for ike Year ending June 30, 1849.*
each newspaper sent to or from a foreiea
the postage ia 4 cenla, — lo ba paid by the
" ' e prepaid on each newspaper
: Bleam -pack all, 41 cenln ; to
I charge
SlaUL
Length
l^Mal
Traaspor-
Total
0?
Modonpl
In
lallm.
CrMt.
sp«La«L
OoactiH.
Railnnd
SlaamboU
MiiesT
Mii«.
MlKH.
HU»^
M>bu.
H[fa..-
MtUne, .
4,SS4
■m
1,265.835
43,136
aaia
Ma
2S9SI
a,6i8
I,(K7
ISg
26,643
3^
1,44;
2,003:281
110,413
Rhode bland, '
37!
1,J«
780i47;
^Yor7' .
13 6M
3,KJ
'■'2J
6,198,487
^'•m
Niw Jer»7, .
2172
But
28
Penneylra^l., .
3,113;^
Ddawi™, .
■m
8,aU7
Mar^lii^,
a,a7i
87a;24£
i3i,njB
Virginia, .
614
a,eoi,5i8
186,136
Nonh t^iaa.
232
1,641,6*
162,146
South Carelloi,
t, 136,460
103,904
1,622,454
137.721
281
3i«,360
26, 1€
)hio,
^^ ?s
3,4 i 9, 606
liciiina, .
867 124
1,067,876
tndisum .
v%
1,361 ,6ffi
ilinoia; .
E't^
a,at9,ea4
i'^
667,920
1^1%
iH^ri, . ' .
tl,458
1,747;773
Wig
K«iiiuelC7, ,
JUlre?
!,4«4,39n
62,61!
iiibains. .
nra
147,485
n
89,664
trkan™,'''. "
6;463
27f
61,330
L«.i9l<ui<^
3,883
1.19.1
673.696
66,262
niia., . .
5.334
at
641.992
42,514,069
60,656
2,4^.616
T^A. T
ilVisi
ii6,aw«
36,23--
6,497
■-T^i
81,613
P«.ign mail.,' .
m^ii
Ne,:l>«
36^.
6,497
SiBS
i,fM.069
2.745,720
IIThliHnbrws
to N*w Orlwi».
TTIili Inciwha iha mat* from Mi
1851.]
POST-OmCE DEPARTMENT.
167
8. Jfumber of Post-OffUes, Extent of PoH'RouLeSy and Revenue and Ex-
penditures of the Post-Ofice Department; with the Amount paid to Post-
masters and for Transportation of the Maily since 1790.
Year.
No. of
Post-
Offices.
Extent of
Post-Routes.
Revenue
of the
Department.
Expenditures
of the
Department.
Amount
Compen. of
Postmast'ra.
paid for
Tranaport'n
of the Mali.
Miles.
1790
75
1,875
887,935
•83,140
88,196
833,081
1796
463
13,307
160,630
117,893
30,373
75,369
1800
903
30,817
380,804
313,994
69,343
138,644
1805
1,668
81,076
431,373
877,367
111,553
339,635
1810
3,300
36,406
551,684
495,969
.149,436
397,966
1816
8,000
43,748
1,048,065
748,131
341,901
487,779
' 1816
3,360
48,678
961,783
804,433 -
365,944
531,970
1817
8,460
63,069
1,003,978
916,515
903,916
669,189
1818
3,618
60,473
1,130,335
1,035,833
346,439
664,611
1819
4,000
67,666
1,304,737
1,117,861
375,838
717,881
1630
4,600
73,493
1,111,937
1,160,936
853,395
783,435
1831
4,660
78,806
1,060,087
1,184,383
337,699
815,681
1833
4,709
83,763
1,117,490
1,167,673
365,399
788,618
1833
4,043
84,860
1,130,115
1,166,995
860,463
767,464
1834
5,183
84,800
1,197,766
1,188,019
883,804
766,939
1836
5,677
94,063
1,806,635
1,339,048
411,183
785,640
1836
6,150
94,053
1,447,703
1,366,713
447,737
886,100
1837
7,003
106,336
1,534,633
1,466,960
486,411
943,345
1828
7,680
106,336
1,659,915
1,089,945
548,049
1,086,313
1839
8,004
115,000
1,707,418
1,783,133
569,337
1,153,646
1830
8,460
115,176
1,850,663
1,933,708
695,334
1,374,009
1881
8,666
116,486
1,997,811
1,936,133
635,038
1,353,336
1833
9,305
104,466
3,366,670
3,366,171
715,481
1,483,507
1883
10,137
119,916
3,617,011
3,930,414
636,383
1,894,688
1834
10,698
119,916
3,833,749
3,910,605
697,817
1,935,644
1836
10,770
113,774
3,993,366
3,757,360
946,418
1,719,007
1836
11,001
118,364
3,406,333
3,841,766
813,803
1,638,053
1837
11,767
141,343
4,336,779
3,644,630
891,353
1,996,797
1838
13,619
134,818
4,338,733
4,430,663
933,948
3,131,308
1880
13,780
138,999
4,484,657
4,636,536
960,000
3,385,633
1840
18,468
166,739
4,543,533
4,718,336
1,038,935
3,396,876
1841
18,778
156,036
4,407,736
4,499,638
1,018,645
8,159,375
1843
13,788
148,783
4,546,849
5,674,763
1,147,356
3,067,796
1843
18,814
143,395
4,396,335
4,374,754
1,436,394
3,947,319
1844
14,108
144,687
4,337,388
4,396,513
1,858,316
3,938,661
1846
U,188
143,940
4,389,841
4,330,733
1,409,876
3,905,504
•l846
14,601
153,866
3,487,199
4,064,397
1,043,079
3,716,673
•l847
15,146
168,818
3,955,898
3,979,670
1,060,338
3,476,455
•l848
16,li»
168,306
4,371,077
4,336,860
3,394,703
•l849
16,749
168,708
4,905,176
4,479,049
1,330,931
3,677,407
* The returns for 1846, 1847, 1848, and 1849 are for the first four yaara under the nets
law, passed March 3^ 1845.
14
158
UNITED STATSS.
[1851.
X. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE.
[Prom a Report of the Secretary of the Treasury, December dl, 1849.]
1. Statement of Duties, Revenues^ and PubUe Expenditures during the Fis-
col Years ending June 30, 1848, and June 30, 1849.
The receipts into the Treasury were as fol
lows : —
From customs, viz. : —
During the first quarter,
During the second quarter,
During the third quarter,
During the fourth quarter,
Total customs, ....
From sales of public lands, . •
From miscellaneous sources,
Total receipts, exclusive of loans, &c..
Balance in the Treasury, July 1, 1847 and *48,
Total, exclusive of loans, &c..
Avails of Treasury-notes issued under act of
July 22, 1846,
Avails of Treasury-notes issued under act of
Jan. 28, 1847, .....
Stock issued for specie deposited under act
ofJuly22.1846, ....
Stock issued for specie deposited under act
of Jan. 28, 1847, ....
Stock issued for special deposits under act
of March 31,1848,
Stock issued in funding Treasury-notes un
deractofJuIy22, 1846,
Stock issued in funding Treasury-notes un-
der act of Jan. 28, 1847, .
Stock issued in funding Treasury-notes un-
der acts prior to July 22, 1846,
Year ending
June 30, 1848.
11,106,257.41
6,379,152.74
9,383,092.92
5,888,567.89
31,757,070.96
3,328,642.56
351,037.07
$8,991,935.07
5,181,870.56
8,378,676.79
5,794,256.40
35,436,750.59
1,701,251.25
Total means,
The expenditures, exclusive of trust funds,
were as follows : —
CivU List.
Legislature, . . . .
Executive,
Judiciary,
Governments in the Territories,
Surveyors and their clerks, . . .
Officers of the Mint and branches,
Commissioner of the Public Buildings,
Secretary to sign patents for public lands,
Total civil list,
Foreign Intercourse.
Salaries of Ministers, . . .
Salaries of Secretaries of Legation,
Salaries of Charges d' Affaires, .
Salary of Minister Resident to Turkey, .
Outfits of Ministers and Chare^s d'Anaires,
Salary of Dragoman to Turkey and contin
gencies,
37,138,001.84
250,000.00
11,956,950.00
111,000.00
1,858,372.00
1,735,050.00
5,252,500.00
92,828.00
Year endi
June 30, 1
9.
28,346,738.82
1,688,959.55
1,038,649.13
31,074,347,50
153,534.60
31,227,ti62.i0
1,794,000.00
360,800.00
15,600,950.00
265,800.00
10,547,550.00
19,650.00
21,256,700.00
58,394,701.84
953,392.75
953,170 80
593.654.81
39,730.56
61,907.00
42,600.00
2,000.00
1,500.00
28,588,750.00
59,816,632.10
1,105,421.57
1,065,044.85
595,925.22
8,649.54
43,227 97
43,877.78
2,043 95
1,425.00
2,647,955.92
36,500 00
9.062.32
64,037.51
6,000.00
29,250.00
2,900.00
2,865;615.88
47,566.09
11,701.93
69,950.90
4,500.00
13,500.00
2,312.50
1851.]
RBYENUB AMD KXPKITDITURK.
159
Contingent expenses of all the missions abroad,
Renewal of diplomat, intercourse withMexico,
Contingent expenses of foreign intercourse,
Salary of the Consul at London,
Clerk-hire, office-rent, &c., to American Con-
sul, London,
Salary of Consul at Beyrout,
Salary of Consul at Alexandria,
Relief and protection of American seamen.
Commissioner to reside in China, Secretary,
and Interpreter,
Certain diplomatic services, and tobacco agent,
Commissioner to Sandwich Islands, .
Intercourse with Barbary powers, .
Interpreters, guards, &c., at the Consulates in
Turkish dominions, ....
Payments under Art. 9 of treaty with Spain,
Outstanding claims of missions to China,
French seamen killed or wounded at Toulon,
Payments of claims of late Republic of Texas,
Payment of instalment due May 30, 1848, un
der Art. 12 of treaty with Mexico, .
Payment,&c., of instalment due May 30, 1849,
Payment of liquidated claims against Mexico,
under act July 29, 1848, ....
Expenses of commission under treaty with
Mexico,
Total foreign intercourse, .
Miseellansous,
Surveys of public lands,
Support and maintenance of light-houses, &c.,
Buildinff light-houses, &c«, •
Marine nospitals, ....
Building marine hospitals, .
Public buildings in Washington, &c.,
Furniture for President's house,
Improving grounds south of President's house,
Bringing electoral votes to Washington,
Support of the penitentiary in Dist. Columbia,
Patent fund,
Distribution of the sales of public lands.
Building custom-houses ana warehouses,
Survey of the coast of the United States, .
Mint establishment, ....
Relief of sundry individuals,
Auxiliary watch in the city of Washington,
Expenses incidental to loans and Treas. notes,
Support of lunatics of the Dist. of Columbia,
Three per cent, to Illinois,
Three per cent, to Indiana,
Five per cent, to Michigan, .
Five per cent, to Arkansas,
Two per cent, fund to Mississippi,
Five per cent, to Florida, .
Five per cent, to Louisiana, .
Five per cent, to Iowa, •
Two per cent, to Alabama,
Year ending
June 30, 1848.
Year ending
June 30, 1849.
33,530.10
21,776.65
22,452.13
2,000.00
2,800.00
97,937.97
6,508.94
8,554.94
3,075.00
13,067.33
1,258.81
186.00
30,000.00
390,897.70
169,902.63
419,277.80
182,169.88
140,995.60
23,376.07
36,325.05
7,389.46
46,708.28
92,140.48
146,000.00
76,850.00
66,340.30
7,333.33
25,532.02
3,70.i.00
43,383.40
1,649.15
2,609.28
5,039.83
1,930.92
6,567.75
$ 19,233.19
7,851.48
8,584.31
2,000.00
2,800.00
1,328.80
3,000.00
100,835.41
6,000.00
26,461.09
3,500.00
7,640.14
, 82.27
375.00
500.00
2,039,530.06
3,500,000.00
2,089,578,84
4,000.00
7,972,832.01
192,008.71
377,433.79
141,203.01
103,167.65
37,564.80
27,126.12
5,535.93
6,000.00
14,804.00
6,283.80
81,372.28
23,246.55
235,837.47
165,000.00
88,050.00
229,234.71
6,204.50
39,076.87
6,075.54
10,863.44
23,000.00
7,737.35
10,196.73
2,218.^6
15,950.47
16,422 05
32,802.07
160
UNITKD STATES.
[1851.
Three per cent, to Alabama, •
Three per cent, to Missouri,
Three per cent, to Mississippi,
Rehef of the cities of the Dist. of Columbia,
Debentures and oth^r charges, .
Additional compensation to officers of customs,
Payment of horses, &«., lost.
Duties refunded under protest.
Refunding duties paid by colleges, &c..
Refunding duties paid on foreign merchandise
act, Aug. 8, 1848, . . ...
Refunding duties collected in Mexico, .
Repayment for lands erroneously sold,
Refunding purchase-money for land sold in
the Greensburg district, Louisiana,
Results and acct. of the Exploring Expedition,
Making indices to manuscript papers of Wash
ington,
Purchase of manuscript papers of Washington,
Purchase of manuscript papers of Monroe,
Purchase of manuscript paj>ers of Jefierson,
Payment of books ordered by Congress,
Postages of the departments, .
Additional compensation to judges in Missouri,
Smithsonian Institution, act of Aug. 10, 1846,
Payments of sundry certificates.
Documentary history of American Revolution,
Discriminating tonnage duties, . . .
Certain duties refunded, ....
Expenses of mineral land service.
Salaries of assistant treasurers and clerks, act
of August 6, 1846,
Contingencies under said act, .
Compensation of special agents to examine
accounts, &c,,
All other items of a miscellaneous nature, .
Refunding duties collected contrary to terms
of Convention of 1815, ....
Refunding duties collected by act Aug.30,1842,
Consular receipts,
Building revenue-cutters, ....
Purchase of manuscripts of James Madison,
Historical paintingg for the Capitol, .
Repairs of^the Potomac Bridge,
Completing Synopsis of Treas. instructions,&c.
Compensation to designated depositories, .
Lighting Pennsylvania Avenue, (in part,)
Grading streets and gas for public buildings.
Purchase of bridges over East Branch,
Library for Territory of Oregon,
Library for Territory of Mi nesota,
350 copies compend. Revenue Laws,
350 copies debates of Senate,
Special examiners of drugs, &c..
Donation and exchange of documents.
Boundary line. United States and Mexico,
Year ending.
June 30, 1848.
Year ending
June 90, 1849.
$ 21,574.56
31,997.96
13,049.86
113,350,98
252,000.00
4,238.58
6,166.09
301,783.76
22,669.12
1,547.71
20,000.00
1,256.00
11,849.69
22,221.96
2,000.00
30,910.07
392.17
1,745.72
53,566.28
45,606.17
24,589.80
11,806.08
2,793.60
3,779.59
2,202.35
87.16
609.66
6,000.00
25,000.00
2,000.00
2,200,00
2,000.00
8,435.15
16,140.00
113,662.27
294,521.82
11,520.16
12,075.28
140,464.62
1,117.70
48,241.62
40,78850
25,784.52
164.87
30,753.00
20,000.00
20,000.00
20,000.00
113,409.02
30,910.14
24,316.80
38,631.86
23,431.07
9,189.92
7,206.40
5,900.01
665.14
5,278.83
73,998.67
2,000.00
1,200.00
5,014.61
2,514.00
39,179.81
30,000.00
2,000.00
2,000.00
4,270.00
2,500.00
2,302.17
2,000.00
23,475.00
1851.]
KBVBNUB AND EXPBNDITURJC.
161
r
Northeastern boundary line,
Re-making maps destroyed by fire, showing
Northeastern boundary line,
Clerks of District Courts for statements, &c.,
under Bankrupt Act, ....
Total miscellaneous,
* Under the directum of the War Department.
Army proper,
Military Academy,
Fortifications, ana other works of defence.
Armories, arsenals, and munitions of war,
Harbours, roads, rivers, &c.,
Surveys,
PensionB,
Indian Department, ....
Claims of the State of Virginia, .
Arming and equipping the militia, .
Payments to militia and volunteers, .
Mexican hostilities, ....
Relief of individuals and miscellaneous.
Total under direction of the War Dep't,
Under the direction of the J^Tavy Department.
Pay and subsistence, includ'g medicines, &c..
Increase, repairs, armament, and equipment.
Contingent expenses, ....
Navy yards,
Navy nospitals, asylums, and magazines.
Relief of individuals and miscellaneous.
Marine Corps, . . . ^ .
Pensions,
Total under direction of the Navy Dep*t,
PvbUe Debt.
Paying the old public debt.
Interest on the public debt,
Interest on war bounty stock.
Reimbursement of Treasury-notes per acts
prior to July 22, 1846, ....
Ditto per act of July 22, 1846,
Ditto per act of January 28, 1847,
Reimbursement of Treasury-notes per acts
prior to July 22, 1846, funded, .
Ditto per act of July 22, 1846, funded, .
Ditto per act of January 26, 1847, fiinded, .
Redemption of stock of the loan of 1842,
Redemption of stock of loan of 1843, .
Redemption of stock of loan of 1847,t
Redemption of stock of loan of 1848, .
Redemption of war bounty stock issued under
actof February 11, 1847, .
Premiums, &c., on purchase of stock,
Year ending
June 30, 1848.
$2,546,216.05
18,939,155.84
130,537.16
313,743.90
1,306,486.47
67,736.07
30,893.47
1,194,884.99
1,097,606.80
26,906.01
292,780.64
3,226,442.53
1,174,232.32
18,756.88
27,820,163.08
5,619,001.93
2,877,713.35
708,176.94
856,109.76
65,055.37
50,357.14
402,555.40
91,447.07
10,670,416.96
6,739.88
1,632,869.81
5,092.05
128,828.00
3,061,000.00
9,838,750.00
Year ending
June ao, 1849.
$ 4,714.45
10,000.00
4,899.45
3,179,192.66
9,544,745.30
135,706.28
607,487.10
832,654.83
145,698.02
41,771.82
1,099,213.05
1,152,324.87
80,906.69
175,136.35
3,331,136.60
144,155.77
17,290,936.68
3,456,892.43
2,467,006.17
774,934.09
1,441,262.29
29,622.36
1,070,844.86
481,722.59
147,533.41
9,869,818.20
5,041.39
2,865,351.35
11,415.92
1,150.00
13,300.00
834,300.00
19,650.00
265,800.00
10,547,550.00
80,700.00
136,000.00
408,100.00
260,000.00
233,075.00
82,865.81
• Including Department of the Interior from March 4, 1849.
t This sum !• thus made up : —
Returned, over iwue,
PuxchaMd,
$25,600.00
382,500.00
14
t4ao,iuu.uo
162
VMITID STATES.
[I85t
Interest on Treasury-notes, . , • •
Interest on Mexican indemnity stook,
Redemption of Treasury-notes purloined, in-
cluding interest,
Total- public debt, .. • .
Total expenditures, •
Balances in the Treasury, July 1 , 1848 and *49,
Yaar eadinf
Jun e 30, 1848 .
$ 737,343.601
15^19.21
3,054.66
15,429,197.21
58,341,167.24
Year end ng
June 30, 1849.
$ 673,530.15
15,280.62
162.15
16,453,272.39
57,631,667.82
153,534.60, 2,184,964.28
2. Statement of Duties^ Revenues^ and Public Expenditures for the First
Quarter of the Fiscal Year from the 1st of JvXy to the 20th of September ^
1849 {agreeably to Warrants issued^ exclusive of Trust Funds).
$ 11,643,728.541
406,119.28
178,189.40
399,050.00
29,800.00
BBCBIPT8.
From Customs,
Sales of public lands, ......
Miscellaneous and incidental sources, .
Avails of stock issued for specie deposited under act of
March 31, 1848,
Do. in ftinding Treasury-notes under act of July 22, 1846,
Do. in funding Treasury-notes under act of Jan. 28, 1847, 807,500.00
Ditto in funding Treasury-notes under acts prior to
July 22, 1846, 2,150.00
Total, $13,466,537.22
EXPSNDITURXS.
For ciyil, miscellaneous, and foreign intercourse.
Army proper, diu;.,
Fortifications, ordnance, arming militia, Ac.,
Indian department,
Pensions,
Naval establishment,
Faying old public debt, ^
Interest on the public debt, and Treasury-notes,
Interest on Mexican indemnity stock, ....
Expenses of collecting revenue firom customs, •
Ditto from lands, .... ...
Payment of debentures, drawbacks, bounties, &o., .
Reimbursement of Treasury-notes, per acts prior to July
22, 1846, paid in specie,
Ditto, per act of July 22, 1846, received for lands, .
Reimbursement of Treasury-notes, per acts prior to July
22, 1846, funded, . . . . . .
Ditto, per act of July 22, 1846, funded,
Ditto, per act of January 28, 1849, funded,
Redemption of Treas.-notes purloined, including interest,
$2,036,767.92
1,360,055.62
510,370.51
748,306.90
681,383.33
2,050,535.16
2192
26,466.39
7,589.37
530,397.77
23,972.22
86,801.63
50.00
2,550.00
2,150.00
29,800.00
807;500.00
111.22
Total, $ 8,904,829.i^
lemal Rertniu and Direct Taxes, and Salti )(f
tif a Dollar bting txcladtd.
Y«n.
Cuno™.
IhUnuiluid
"SH*
lD«ebY«r.
ofk«.ipu.
InHchfehod
oTfoucYun.
1769-91
IJBa
IJM
ITS?
179T
1800
a
1
ia»
ISIS
ii
j|
is
IS
\m
1
i
lew
ilS
9i>u.aflSI3
*is4r
»4,399,47a
3,M3,0T1
4^,aoe
Si
?as
6,810,«9
lis
i3,aiM,e23
6,99a,7ra
7,a5E,9ia
M,3(»,876
^;^:^
1^006:618
13,0M.44T
ir,6«»,78a
i7>7B;3ae
aO,l)9S,714
is
11,188^
13,«9;«B
M,4B7^7
a,l83.B71
27,628,113
i» 712868
a3:747;SM
31,7S7,Cr?U
a9,3M,738
1 106,943
IS
ss
1,543,620
828^464
101,139
43,631
47;jsi
27,370
11,6^
19,879
8,378,3M
4,EI2,239
1219613
313,244
137,847
98,377
^,617
40lS6S
28,103
^228
22.G13
19,871
23,839
SiJ!
3,153
14,838
s;;s
444
187,726
188,828
1SS^878
4S7,S27
442,253
896.54B
■as
83S,65S
1,136,971
I2S7SS9
i;71t;9S5
1,991,228
li803[6Sl
9ienB
984,418
las
T,4H,94E
1,018,309
I, BIT, 1TB
ISS
2,823,381
3,l»«7,88a
4,857,801
4|8rT|lS0
JSSS
I,4T0,39S
2;a2o;Ma
2,341,021
2,788,679
2,698,928
3,8?9,679
2,7W.808
t;
»4
^:?^
826:218
048.114
see, 682
762,383
399 6SS
624,997
18,061,487
22,642,497
33,986.647
rj49,83B
i?:^4^
9,674:968
14,068,839
11,017.226
48,576.694
62,427,449
87,900,902
84.440,032
72,760,896
i
3'
»
31
342,906
783,346
2301641
243,604
224,979
28q;888
462,607
^m•m
003,344
im,7T*
163 838
,288,219
03a.3t8
S;S
993,868
967,612
S^3aa
a)4,8i9
789,134
499.247
M6.7S0
436,760
074,347
91,680.398
107,085.604
84,798,731
121.061,921
• tiiramjmitaHotJmia30.
on Acanatt qfthe PvAUc DAtmtdfrom Tnut
StaUa, etcliaivt ofPaymmiM
Fvnda, frattioyu excluded.
HlllcuT EaUb- Nind &ub-
i.ggrBgale of ^peoditura.
• 1,069,401
472,460
1 1.919,689
■ 1,677,801,
1,710,070
4'3£o!eea
RBVGNDB AND KIPEKDITDRI.
6. StaieiiuM of At Dttl of tii Uinted Stata; the Tolnl Vabit <^ ImpoHt and
Exports, and ihe Total Timnagi,from I7!ll to 1349, fraeliona excladtd.
t For the tmt snding Jum 30.
166
UNITED STATES.
[1851.
6. Statement oj the Debt of the United States on the 1st of October, 1849.
Denomination of Debt
Rate of
Interest,
per cent.
When
Redeemable.
Amount.
PrinYiipal and interest of the old
funded and unfunded debt,
Treasury-notes of 1812, and
Yazoo scrip,
Debt of the corporate cities of the
District of Cfolumbia, assumed
May, 1836, . .
Outstandina Treasury-notes issued
prior to July 22, 1846, payable
or fundable, ....
Stock issued for Treasury-notes
of 1837 to 1843, per act of Jan-
uary 28, 1847, .
Loan of April 15, 1842,
" March 3, 1843, .
« July 22, 1846, .
" January 28, 1847, includ-
ing Treasury-notes issued under
that act, and exclusive of stock
issued for Treasury -notes under
acts prior to 1846, .
Loan of March 31 , 1848,
Stock issued by act of August 9,
1846, in payment 4th and 5th in-
stalments of Mexican indemnity,
Total ....
5i
6
6
5
6
6
6
5
On presenta-
tion
$60,000 per
annum
On presenta-
tion
Jan. 1. 1868
Dec. 31, 1862
July 1, 1853
Nov. 12, 1856
Jan. 1, 1868
July 1, 1868
Aug. 9, 185f
$ 122,735.10
960,000.00
144,391.31
149,828.00
8,198,686.03
6,468,231.35
4,999,149.45
27,618,350.55
15,740,000.00
303,573.92
$64,704,693.71
XI. COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION.
Whole number of American yessels entered during the year ending
June 30th, 1849, 11,208
Whole number of foreign yessels entered, . . 4 . . 8,992
Total of American and foreign yessels, .... 20,200
Whole number of American vessels cleajred, 11,466
Whole number of foreign yessels cleared, ..... 8,847
Total of American and foreign yessels, .... 20,313
Crews of American vessels entered. Meii, 105,718. Boys, 3,329. Total,
109,047.
(Crews of foreign vessels entered. Men, 87,033. Boys, 2,651. Total
89,684.
Crews of American vessels cleared. Men, 109,349. Boys, 3,422. To-
tal, 112,771.
Crews of foreign yessels cleared. Men, 89,579. Boys, 2,704. Total,
92,283.
1851]
COMMERCE.
167
1. Value of DirrERE»T ArticIes Imported.
Value of GoodSf Wares, and Merchandise imported into the United States
from Jidy 1, 1848, to June 30, 1849.
Species of MerchaDdise.
Fbbb of Duty.
Animals for breed,
Bullion,
Gold,
Silver,
Specie.
Gold,
Silver,
Cabinets of coins, medals, and
other collections of antiquities,
Mo^ls of inventi<ms and im-
provements in the arts,
Teas,
Coffee,
Copper.
m plates,
In ore,
'Cotton, unmanufactured,
! Adhesive felt, for sheathing,
Paintings and statuary.
Specimens of natural histor7,&c.,
Sheathing metal,
Platina, unmanuiactured.
Plaster, unground.
Personal effects of immigrants,
Personal and household efiects of
citizens dying abroad,
Old junk,
Oakum,
Garden-seeds, trees, &c.,
Products of U. S. brought back,
Guano,
Philosophical apparatus, &c.,
Books, maps, ana charts,
Paintings, drawings, &c.,
All other articles.
Total,
Patino Duty.
Manufaeturea of Wool, ^e.
Clotns and cassimeres,
Merino shawls of wool.
Blankets,
Hosiery and articles on frames,
Worsted stuff goods,
Woollen and worsted yam,
Woollen and worsted, embroi-
dered and tambour^,
Manufactures of, not specified,
Flannels,
Baizes,
Carpeting.
Wilton,Sazony ,and Ambusson,
Brussels, Turkey, and treble
ingrained,
Venetian and other ingrained,
Not specified,
Manufaeturea of Cotton.
Printed, stained, or colored,
Value.
• 72,845
297,670
164,688
3,771,077
2,427,905
331
29,012
4,071,789
9,068,352
1,044,756
177,736
8,266
11,215
147,946
5,098
220,936
10,285
71,597
120,679
8,154
45,897
5,072
76,363
369,463
102,274
15,732
14,161
621
37,852
22,377,665
Species of Merchandise.
Value.
Manufactures of Cotton.
White or uncolored,
Tamboured or embroidered,
Velvets wholly of cotton.
Cotton and siUc,
Cords, gimps, and galloons,
Hos'y and art. made on frames.
Twist, yarn, and thread,
Hattera' plush of silk dc cotton,
Manufactures of, not specified.
Manufactures of Silk.
Piece goods.
Hosiery ana articles made on
frames,
Sewtng-silk,
Art. tamboured or embroidered,
Hats and bonnets.
Manufactures, not specified.
Floss,
Raw,
Bolting cloths.
Silk and worsted goods.
Camlets of goats' hair or mohur,
Manufactures of Flax.
Linens, bleached or unbleached,
Hos'y and art. made on frames.
Art. tamboured or embroidered,
Manufactures, not specified,
Manufactures of Hemp.
Sheetings, brown ana white,
Ticklenburgs, osnaburgs, and
burlaps.
Articles not specified,
Russia sail-duck,
Holland,
Ravensduck,
Cotton bagging.
Clothing.
Rea<ly made.
Articles of wear,
4,995,957 Laces, thread, and insertings,
1,196,376 Cotton insert'gs, trimmings, &c.,
1,161,429 Floor-cloth, patent, painted, &c.,
718,794 Oil-cloth of all kinds,
4,070,185 Hair-cloth and hair-seating,
113,463 Lasting and mohair-cloth for
shoes, Ac.,
13,910 Gunny cloth,
837,577 Matting, Chinese, and others of
52,339 fiags, &c.,
51,518 Hats, Caps, Bonnets, ^c, of
Leghorn, straw,grass,chip,ac.,
18,067 Palm-leaf, rattan, willow, Ac,
Manufactures of Iron and Steel.
349,908 Muskets and rifles,
96,433, Fire-arms not specified,
28,660' Side-arms,
I Drawing and catting knives,
10,286,894 Hatchets, axes, and adzes,
1 1,438,635
702,631
99,220
14,076
185,964
1,315,783
770,609
170
940,959
7,688,822
463,393
651,840
1,046,216
48,162
4,053,871
18,297
366,238
34,928
2,452,289
35,016
5,156,924
1,485
30,686
718,147
62,353
119,217
101,053
74,101
5,566
46,116
121,368
87,283
500,307
176,375
663,991
2,884
34,286
145,292
103,677
140,472
92,100
1,150,964
18,977
206
231,905
4,082
8,421
3,148
168
UNITED STATES.
[1851.
Species of Merchandise.
Value.
Species of Merchandise.
Value.
Manufactures of Iron and Steel.
Socket chiaels,
Manufactures ofgoldand silver.
i 8,895
Laces, galloons, tassels, &c.,
• 40,290
Steelyards and scale-beams,
18,681
Epaulettes and win^.
Gold and silver leaf;
666
Vices,
24,656
263
Sickles and reaping-hooks,
1,909
Jewelry, real, or imitations of.
281,3:35
Scythes,
14,892
Gem8,diamonds,pearls, Sec. ,set,
3,242
Wood screws,
615
" otherwise,
106,014
Spades and shorels,
3,16S
Manufactures of, not specified.
29,043
Squares,
2,557
Glaziers' diamonds,
2,374
Needles, sewing, darning, Sec.,
167,664
Clocks,
51,543
Cast-iron butts and hinges,
18,012
Chronometers,
13,046
Cutlery not specified,
1,086,408
Watches, and parts of,
1,676,606
Manufactures of, not specified,
2,M6,873
Metallic pens,
74,050
Sail-iruns, hatters' and tailors'
Square wire forumbreUas,
26,108
irons,
1,477
Pins in packs and oilierwise,
.®'i§J
Bonnet-wire,
22,888
Buttons, metal.
35,239
Wire not above No. 14,
31,414
Other buttoas,aod buttwmoulds.
366,937
Wire above No. 14,
1,951
Gkus.
Tacks, not above 16 ox. per M.,
Tacks above 16 oz. per M.,
61
Silvered and in frames,
150,537
28
Paintings on glass, &c.,
Polished |riate,
14,483
Nails,
68,294
282,101
Spikes,
Chain-cables,
1.996
Manufactures of, not specified,
88,231
277,289
Cut,
45,563
Mill, cross-cut, and pit saw«,
Anchors, and parts thereof,
6,878
Plain,
37,303
28,097
Watch-crystals,
6,646
Anvils, and parts thereof,
74,250
Glasses or pebbles for specta-
Smiths' liammers and sledges,
3,444
cles.
4,236
Castings, vessels of,
15,883
Apothecaries' vials, N. by A.,
All other castings,
18,937
16 ounces each,
441
Braziers' rods, from 3.16 to
Bottles not above two quarts,
61,677
10.16 inches.
24,563
Demijolms,
Window-glass, 8 by 10, or less.
16,881
Nail-rods, slit, rolled, or ham-
2,946
mered.
11,114
10 by 12, "
112,176
Band or scroll, as casement rods
" above 10 by 12,
24,217
hammered,
19,137
Paper, and Manufactures of.
Antiquarian, imperial, super-
Hoop iron.
148,126
Sheet "
395,130
royal, Ac,
278
Pig "
Old and scrap.
1,405,613
Medium, cap, demy, and oth-
144,424
er writing,
62,110
Bar, manufactured by rolling,
6,060,068
Folio and auarto post.
Bank and bank-note paper,
64,624
Bar, manufactured ottierwise.
625,770
33,853
Steel.
Binders' boards, box, press-
Cast, shear, and German,
1,014,773
ing, and paste boards,
104
All other,
212,365
Copperplate printing and draw-
Copper, and Manufactures of.
In pigs, bars, and old,
ing,
6,165
968,683
Sheathing paper,
3
Wire,
857
Playing cards,
7,572
Copper bottoms,
11,792
Papier mache, articles and
Manufactures of, not specified,
219,369
wares of.
31,710
Rods and bolts,
1,553
Paper hangings.
Paper boxee and fiuiey boxes.
76,525
Naila and spikes,
Braaa, and Manufaetures of.
670
65,030
Manufactures of, not specifieo,
51,994
In pigs, bars, and old.
7,604
Blank books.
5,800
Wire;
4,872
Books, printed.
Sheet and rolled.
8,105
In Hebrew,
126
Manufactures or, not specified,
164,540
In Latin and Greek,
oo^??
TVn, and Manufactures of.
In English,
284,935
In pig9 and bars,
In plates and slieets.
675,762
2,292,428
Periodicals and illustrated
109,961
Foil,
11,208
newspapeiB,
Periodicals and other works in
986
Manufactures of, not specified,
23,042
Lead, and Manufactures of.
the course of publication.
1,943
Fig, bar, sheet, and old.
86,367
Leather.
Shot,
36
Tanned, bend, and sole.
807
Manufactures of, not specified.
854
Tanned and dressed upper.
12,096
Pcte/cr, Old,
2,453
Skins, tanned and dressed,
410,504
Manufactures of,
1,503
Skins, tanned, not dressed,
11,358
1851.]
COMMKRCK.
169
Species of Merchandisa.
Manufticturea of Leather.
Skivera,
Boots and bootees for men and
women,
Shoes and pumps, for men and
women,
Boots, bootees, and sboes for
children.
Gloves for men, women, and
children,
Manufactures of^ not specified,
Wares.
China, porcelain, earthen, and
stone,
Plated or gilt,
Japanned,
Britannia^
Silver or plated wire,
Saddlery.
Common, tinned, or japanned.
Plated, brass, or polished steel,
rura.
Undressed, on the skin.
Hatters' iiirs, dressed or un-
dressed, not (m the skin,
Dressed, on the skin,
Hats, caps, muflb, and tippets.
Manufactures of, not specified.
Woody Manufacturea of.
Cabinet ana household fiimit'e,
Cedar, mahogany, rose, satin.
Other manufactures of
"Woody unmanufactured.
Cedar, grenamlla, mahogany,
rose, and satin.
Fire-wood, and other, not spec!'
fied.
Dye-wood, in sticks.
Bark of the Cork-tree.
Corks,
Unmanufactured,
Other manuftctures of,
Marble.
Manufactures of
Un manufactured,
Quicksilver,
Brushes and brooms,
Black-lead pencils.
Slates of all kinds^
Raw hides and skins.
Manufactured articles.
Boots and b'teesof silk or satin.
Shoes and slippers, "
prunella, last-
ing,acc.,
India-rubber,
Orass-cloth,
Ounny-bags,
Umbrellas, parasols, ftc, silk,
*' alt other.
Unmanufactured articles.
Flaxseed or linseed.
Angora, Thibet, and other goats'
hair or mohair,
Wool,
Winee, in eaeke.
Burgundy,
15
Valne.
«
it
Species of Merchandisa.
Winee, in casks.
#66,903 Madeira,
Sherry and San Lucar,
9,613 Port,
Claret,
9,669 Teneriffe and other Canary,
Fayal and other Asorss,
4,826 Sicily and other Mediterranean
Austrian and other German,
772,217 Red wines, not enumerated,
173,143 White wines,
Wines, in bottles.
Burgundy,
2,261,331 Champagne,
159,619 Madeira,
62,269 Sherry,
17,272 Port,
6,440 Claret,
All other,
67,749 /Vretgn Distilled Spirits.
117,726 Brandy,
From grain,
249,166 From other materials,
Cordials,
256,666 Beer, Ale, and Porter.
84,976 In casks,
.3,842 In bottles,
6,842 Vinegar,
82,196 Oil ^ Bane off oreignFiskariss.
32,094 Spermaceti,
166,860 Whale and other fish,
Whalebone, '
Oil.
324,620 OliTtt, In casks,
OEkstor,
827,716 Linseed,
649,149 Bapowed.
Spirits or turpentine,
120,413 Tea.
14,673 Coifee,
11 Cocoa.
• Chocolate,
23,883 Sugar.
II0,'.)63 Brown,
26,974 White, clayed, or powdered,
146,063 Loaf and other, zenned,
32,187 Candy,
162,030 Syrup of 8uga^cane,
3,607,300 Fruits.
Almonds,
100 Currants,
306 Prunes and plums,
Figs,
4 Dates,
52,335 Raisins,
17,474 Nuts,
270,700 Spices.
33,934 Mace,
1 Nutmegs,
Cinnamon,
273,084 Cloves,
Pepper, black,
105 " red,
1,177,347 Pimento,
Cassia,
4,866 Ginger, in root,
JfBhxe.
t 105,302
128.610
,272,700
263,836
22,643
6,108
32,231
2,832
221,177
210,139
8,184
439,606
769
803
1,281
68,636
32,&12
1,347,614
327,967
146,784
26,328
16,110
134,431
4,066
2,778,174
68
12,864
20
65,787
3,684
487,920
69
1
29,863
2,091
123,946
1,463
7,793,616
221,206
, 34,078
461
.378
168,979
99,676
48,719
62,410
7,112
622,906
71,331
22,090
219,349
8,693
66,694
66,263
11,566
191,197
74,198
73,198
DHITEIl aTATtS,
gpKiHcrfMereliuidlK.
Y.1U.
T.10B.
CamiAoT, Cmds,
• 39,817
Lithmrg.,
• M9
BtOaea.
16
SuiiroriHd,
CandU*.
a-nlfge. T^ired and uUh,
129, i2C
Unumd,
17,290
w"^*''"™™"'
Twin.,
34,^
ChM«,
»,893
ScinM,
tesp, olhar Ihu pBiCameili
l^SSJ
Hemp, uamunitictiired,
MimniB, mil, HKl olbN hemp of
491,633
1,ai9
JB«,'^-Sn«, dr, fa..
196,634
harllJiflW,
G»j
3661406
M,8W
|ordlllii.orlowofb«ip<»au,
156,496
Jid, '
14
127.860
lama tiidothir buon,
1,615
EtlS'oTXklBd.S'' '
Sai,76B
1,433,991
trial Ie9,
88,266
^,
40B,aBa
SaUpetre.
flrtod.«l(f..
Cnide,
436,aso
Wheit,
ao,3M
EeS™d,or|»n]7mai»d,
36,816
Barter,
i;e«
[ndigo,
SU5,8tM
Rye,
rKi'w,
3,136
Whe^-flour,
27,067
se-,
iW.3\>
Oumed, '
UlS
\%m
20,602
43
fS**"'
Alum,
vm
Tried or emobd.
43,709
assrv,.,.,™.
■s
Selmoa.
Meckeral,
4M2e6
VilrlDl, bluaorKamui,
9,a»j
Herring! ud slBd,
28;jai
Oil of.
61
Allo(£r.
I3,0W
CUorJde oT lln or Uax^ng
powder.
78,062
1,702,012
Sodiuh,
637,965
1,030,131
as"'"'-'
6,883
At IS "
At 20 "
!S6,078
2,893.663
.37S,e74
AtS5 "
185,090
Snuff,
358
At 30 "
1,641,737
S|r^„™i,ou««-o™.r
l,43B,7te
At 40 "
'i4i:r4i
3,509
ValM 0/ XbrchamliK paging
Butiet ad TolBTem.
125.479,774
Drroclini,
Ochn. iDOU,
tM and while lad.
Whillof uid Paris irhlu,
Year ending June 30,1816,
HenShudise U epecllc dul»,
.aifUorem,
free of duty,
ToUU,
Tear ending June 30, 1847.
136,914,861 KercbaiLiliH at ipeclflc dullei,
60191^ " .aVelorBin,
22,147.840 " freoofduly,
117,254,661 Tol.1,
|13,717,M4
91066 968
41,772,638
146,546,69^
Y«ir(«if-,Jw30,l848.
Total,
1 Ytar ending Jiae 30, 1S4S.
■^'^'"^ M»[cly>ndl.eu.dT,]or.n.,
60.660,463, .1 f™ of duty,
^■'<^'^ Toud,
lai ,691,797]!
•ISiS
164,997,921^
185].] COMMERCE. 171
2. Exports of the Prodxtcs of the Uwited States.
Value of the Exports of ike Groufth, Produce^ and Manufacture of ike United
States^ during the three Years ending June 30, 1849.
Thb Sba.
Fisluriea.
Dried fish, or cod fisheries,
Pickled nsh, or river fisheries (herring,
shad, salnxHi, mackerel),
Whale and other fish oil, . .
Spermaceti oil,
Whalebone,
Spermaceti candles,
Total Fisheries, . . . .
Thb Fobsbt.
Skins and furs,
Ginseng,
Products of Wood.
Staves, shingles, boards, hewn timber, .
Other lumber,
Masts and spars,
Oak bark and other dye, ....
All manufactures of wood.
Naval stores, tar, pitch, rosia, and tur-
pentine,
Ashes, pot and pearl, ....
Total Products of Wood, .
AORICULTUBB.
Products of Animals.
Beef, taltow, hides, homed cattle.
Butter and cheese, . . . , .
Pork (pickled), bacon, lard, live hogs.
Horses and mules, .....
Sheep,
Wool,
Total Products of Animals,
Vegetakle Pood:
Wheat,
Flour,
Indian corn, •
Indian meal,
Rye meal,
Rye, oats, and other small grain and pulse,
Biscuit, or ship-bread, ....
Potatoes,
Apples,.
Rice, . .
Total Vegetable Food, .
Tobacco,
Ootton, .......
Hemp, •
Alt other Agricultural Products.
Flax-seed, .
Hope, .
Brown sugar, ......
Indigo,
MANlTrACTITBBa.
Soap and tallow candles, ....
Leather boots and shoes, ....
Household furniture,
Coaches and other carriages,
Hats,
Saddlery,
Wax,
Spirits from grain,
Beer, ale, porter, and cider, ....
SnufiT and tobacco.
Year ending
Uune 30. 1847.
Year ending
June 30. 1848.
136,221
1,070,659
738,456
671,601
191,467
747,145
64,466
1,849,911
342.781
23,270
96,355
1,495,924
,759,221
618,000
2,434,003
1,741,770
6,630,842
277,359
29,100
89,460
6,949,350
26,133,811
14,395,212
4,3r)l,334
225,502
1,600,962
656,266
109,062
92,961
3,605,896
7,242,086
53,415,848
1,346
160,654
25,483
10
606,798
«43,816
225,700
75,369
69,536
13,102
161,527
67,781
68,114
658,960
Year ending
June 30, 1849.
«ti(Af.4c$2
109,315
552,388
206,832
314,107
186,839
607,780
162,647
2.429,863
7283,433
129,760
148,126
2,042,696
752,303
466,477
1,906,341
1,361,668
9,003,272
190,296
20,823
57,497
2,669,175
13,194,109
3,837,483
1,807 601
174.566
376,572
619.096
86,277
8S,944
2,331,824
7,651,122
61,998,294
27,657
1,634
17,671
8,891
1,100
670,223
194,096
297,358
89.963
65,493
27,435
134,577
90,957
78,071
668,436
$419,092
'93,086
965,597
672,763
337,714
159,403
2,547,654
656,228
182,966
1,776,749
60,344
87,720
95,392
1,697,828
845,164
515.603
6,078,800
2,058,958
1,654,167
9,245,885
96,982
16,306
81,015
13,153,302
1,756,848
11,280,582
7,966,369
1,169,625
218,248
139,793
364,318
83,313
93,904
2,569.362
25,642.362
5,801,207
66,396,967
8,458
4
29,123
24,606
49
54,082
627,280
161,774
237,342
95,923
64,967
37,276
121,720
67,129
51,320
613,044
ITS
UNITED STATES.
[1851.
Year ending
Jime ao, 1847.
Linseed oil and spirits of turpentine,
Cordage,
Xron.
Pig, bar, and nails,
Castings, • •
All manufactures of, • . . • •
Spirits from molasses,
Sugar, refined,
Chocolate, ....**•
Gunpowder • •
Copper and brass
Medicinal drugs,
Cotton Piece Oooda.
Printed and colored,
White,
Nankeen,
Twist, yam, and thread
All other manufactures of, . . .
Total of Cotton Goods,
Flax and Hemp.
Cloth and thread,
Bags and all manulacturas of, .
Wearing apparel,
Combs ana button,
Brushes,
Billiard-tables,
Umbrellas and parasols, , . . . .
Leather and Morocco skins not sold per
pound,
Fire-engines and apparatus, ....
Printing presses and type, ....
Musical instruments,
Books and maps,
Paper and stationery, . . . . .
Paints and rarnish, .....
Vinegar, .
Earthen and stone ware, ....
Manufactures of
Glass,
Tin,
Pewter and lead,
Marble and stone, .....
Gold and silver, and g(dd-leaf,
Gold and silver coin, .....
Artificial flowers and jewelry, .
Molasses, ' •
Trunks, '
Brick and lime,
Salt,
Coal,
Lead,
Ice
Articleanot enumerated
Manufactured, • • . . .
Other articles,
Total, ......
#498,110
27,054
163,817
68,889
929,778
293,699
124,824
1,653
88,397
64,980
165,793
281,320
3,345,902
8,794
108,132
338,376
477
6,306
47,101
17,026
2,967
616
2,150
29,856
3,443
17,431
16,997
44,761
88,731
64,116
9,626
4,758
71,155
6,363
13,694
11,220
4,268
62,620
3,126
26,959
5,270
17,623
42,333
124,081
1,108,984
1,199,276
» 150,637,464
Year ending
June 30, 1848.
Year ending
June 30, 1849.
#331,404
29,911
154,036
63,188
1,022,408
269,467
263,900
2,207
125,263
61,468
210,681
361,169
4,866,559
2,365
170,633
327,479
495
6,218
674,834
16,461
2,160
12
2,916
16,483
7,686
30,403
38,508
75,193
78,507
60,739
13,920
8,612
76,007
12,363
7,ra9
•22,466
6,241
2,700,412
11,217
6,663
6,126
24,174
73,274
47,112
• 84,278
75,647
1,137,828
861,383
#132,904,121
#148,056
41,636
149,358
60,176
886,639
288,452
129,001
1,941
131,297
66,203
220,894
466,674
3,966,117
3,203
92,656
416,680
4,933,129
1,009
4,649
76,945
38,136
2,924
701
6,800
9,427
458
28,031
23,713
94,427
86,827
65,145
14,036
10,632
101,419
13,143
13,196
20,282
4,602
966,874
8,657
7,442
• 5,099
8,671
82,972
40,396
30,198
96,027
1,408,278
769.667
# 132,666,955
1851.]
COUMCilCK.
173
3. Imports moM ahd Expobts to Forbior Govhtries,
the Year ending June 90, 1849.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Ooantries.
Russia, • .
Prussia, .
Sweden and Norway,
Swedish West Indies,
Denmaric, .
Danish West Indies,
Hanse Tovms,
Hanover, .
HoUand.
Dutch East Indies, .
Dutch West Indies,
Dutch Guiana, .
Belgium,
England,
Scotland,
Ireland, .
Gibraltar, .
Malta,
British East Indies,
20|Cape of Good Hope, .
21 Mauritius, .
22 Honduras,
83 British Ckiiana, .
24 British West Indies,
26 Canada,
26 British American Colonies,
27 Other British Colonies,
28 France on the Atlantic, .
29 France on tlie Mediterranean,
30 French West Indies,
31 Miquelon and French Fisheries
32 French Guiana,
33 BourtxHi (French East Indies),
34 Spain on the Atlantic,
35 Spain on the Mediterranean,
36 Teneriflfo and other Canaries,
37 ManUla and Philippine IsUnds
38 Cuba, . . *. .
39 Other Spanish West Indies,
40Portupa, ....
41 Madeira, ....
42 Fayal and other Azores, .
43 O^pe da Verde Islands,
44ltsly, ....
45 Sicily, ....
46 Sardinia, ....
47 Tuscany, .
48 Trieste and other Austrian Pmrts,
49 Turkey, ....
60 Ionian Islands, .
61 Hayti
Mexico, ....
63 Central RepuUic of America,
64 New Granada, .
65 Venezuela, ....
66 Brazil
67 Cisptatlne Republie, .
6S Argentine BepuUic, .
63 Chili, . ...
60 Pern, ....
61 China,
02 West Indies generally, .
63 South America generally, .
64 Europe generally, .
65 Asia generally, .
66 Africa generally^ . . . "»
67 South Seas and Pacific Ocean,
MS Sandwich blands. .
I Total,
15 •
Value of
Imports.
• 840,238
17,687
731,846
15,982
19,204
339,141
7,742,864
1,601,643
354 -
453,099
58,281
1,844,293
58,818,426
1,959,320
376,793
1,193
8,405
2,036,254
71,298
262,417
26,520
997,865
1,481,082
1,345,798
3,613
23,209,878
1,163,905
71,469
23,417
313,490
1,006,687
38,919
1,127,114
10,659,956
1,964,861
322,220
73,759
17,062
1,853
1,560,896
530,244
42,638
409,178
374,064
291
901,724
2,216,719
66,017
158,960
1,413,096
8,494,368
79,924
1,709,827
1,817,723
446,963
6,613,786
16,169
496,742
86,318
43.876
Domestic
Produce.
Value of Erports.
• 937,567
34,703
725,281
95,128
55,138
727,197
2,710,248
8,496
2,156,328
280,823
317,066
104,013
2,443,064
69,161,992
3,549,960
3,916,342
723,819
61,233
332,962
94;422
21,731
191,347
662,315
3,936,834
2,320,323
3,611,783
11,646,612
877,147
180,731
20,370
46,161
9,473
169,071
1,619,423
17,840
137,868
4,641,145
523,292
169,721
117,878
• 14,204
62,647
811,460
24,359
460,950
30,076
942,489
193,876
632,677
1,047,999
112,480
244,460
431,421
2,838,380
134,638
696,518
1,722,457
93,196
1,460,946
106,329
86.216
18,688
344,436
676,769
336,660
147,867,4391132,666,966
Foreign
Produce.
#197,947
9,516
38,506
737
64,149
604,682
86
242,027
64,118
60,252
52
288,243
1,880,878
58,472
22,526
78,467
62,734
76,562
6,000
34,620
3,759
203,097
1,914,401
267,760
2,818,303
168,521
14,267
31,479
19,827
654
8,669
668,068
33,234
6,273
769
1,839
3,815
293,419
4,864
21,414
464,376
86,120
70,016
1,042,869
23,739
63,324
106,213
264,597
13,069
172,076
294,643
18,041
122,279
2,395
8,019
19,376
31,642
63,068
Total
13,068,866
• 1,135,504
44,219
763,787
95,865
55,138
781,346
3,314,930
8,581
2,397,356
334,941
367,318
104.065
2,731,307
71,042,870
3,608,432
3,938,868
802,286
113,967
409,524
94.422
26,731
225,967
666,074
4,138,931
4,234,724
3,869,643
14,464,916
1,046,668
194,998
20,370
'6,161
9,473
200,550
1,639,250
18.494
146,537
6,309,213
666,526
175,994
118,637
16,043
66,462
1,104,869
29,213
482,364
30,076
1,406,865
278,996
602.692
2,090,868
136,219
297,784
637,634
3,102,977
147,727
767,594
2,017,100
111,236
1,683,224
106,724
93,234
18,688
363,811
708,411
399,728
145,755.820
174
UNITED 8TATSS.
[1861,
4. ToHiTAeB or Vmsbls bhoaaxd ur Fmibmr Tbadb,
During tht Year etuting Jmiu 30, 1649.
Ooontries.
1 Russia, .....
2 Prussia
3 Swedea and Norwajr,
4 Swedish Wast Indies, . . .
6 Denmark, . - . •
6 Danish West Indies, . . •
7HaaieTowna, ....
SHanorer,
9 Holland.
10 Dutch fiaat Indies,
11 Dutch West Indies,
12 Dutch Guiana, . « . .
13Bel«ium,
i4ivagland,
15|Scotland, .....
16 Ireland,
17 Gibraltar,
18 Malta, ......
19 British East Indies, .
20 Cape of Ckwd Hope, .
21 Honduras, ....
22 British Guiana, . . . .
23 British West Indies,
24 Canada,
25 British American Colonies,
26 France on the Atlantic,
27 France on the Mediterranean, .
28 French West Indies, .
29 Miquoion and French Fisheries,
30 French Guiana, . . . .
31 Bourbon (French East Indies) .
32 French Possessions in Africa,
•% Spain on the Atlantic,
34 Sp&ia on the Mediterranean,
35 Teneriffe and other Canaries, .
36 Manilla and Pbilipine Islands^
37Cuba,
38 Other Spanish West Indies,
39 Portugal,
40 Madeira,
41 Fayal and other Azores, .
42 Cape de Verde Islands, .
43 Sicily, ......
44 Sardinia, . . . . .
45 Tuscany,
46 Trieste and other Austrian Porti^
47 Turkey,
48Hayti,
49 Mexico
50 Central BepabUc of America,
61 New Granada,
52 V en aniela,
53Bolivia,
64 Brazil,
65 Cispiatine Republic, .
66 AinBntine fiepuhlic, . . «
67 Chili,
68 Peru,
69 China,
aoBurnah,
61 Liberia,
82 West Indies gemsrally. .
63 South America genenlly,
64 Asia generally. . . . «
66 Africa generally,
66 South Seas and Pacific Ocean, .
67 Indian Ocean
68 Atlantic Ocean, . . • ■
69 Sandwich Islands, . •
7D Northwest Coast,
riUncertain Places, .
Total,
American Tonnage.
Entered. Cleared,
9,130
272
2,800
861
622
12,466
36,800
16,666
2,687
25,212
3,703
21,168
554,053
22,032
24,684
211
161
20,529
911
4,742
4,664
63,523
906,813
120,867
96,435
6,582
1,652
206
1,060
14,636
12,979
1,160
10,116
271^061
47,534
6,576
1,117
1,741
1,567
28,654
2,152
7,699
3,266
3,994
24,761
47,807,
1,226
16,413
11,749
1,011
70,670
483
11,929
7,284
6,701
19,418
2,960
309
10,307
43,766
1,975
3,610
8,22?
376
213
10,349
240
1,631
2,684
25,397
23,386
22,636
6,688
14.193
6,369
27,862
576,018
21,032
63,901
13,139
3,068
21,020
2,728
6,216
15,054
101,704
890,204
122,641
114,035
13,863
7,486
1,348
1,461
488
17,243
6,603
912
3,826
284,568
25,870
4,837
8,744
1,284
2,714
1,863
12,397
1,686
11,176
1,912
16,556
29,820
6,203
26,094
8,420
189
56.335
2,346
9,397
26,936
5,611
11,740
1,732
6,861
8,607
624
9,476
39,659
3,668
3,684
3.066
648
Foreign Tonnage.
Entered.
15,464
384
3,614
71,931
8,662
660
361
9,947
402,330
48,188
106,121
373
2.831
47,010
637,697
314,948
25,664
8,253
5,940
42
465
1,529
10,003
81,677
2,192
3,509
342
102
4,696
4,106
3,364
2,182
670
.1,931
7,881
393
755
1,350
487
11,061
1,126
7,282
517
1,293
1^
453
2,658,321 2,753,7^4 1,710.516
Cleared.
1,393
606
14,718
647
1,681
6,426
44,264
250
16,460
1,433
357
1,000
6,196
349,900
2^,940
46,166
1,640
720
327
1,678
34,147
563,910
409,377
27,161
3,227
2,786
260
39
2,234
28,073
235
19,664
3,898
5,023
1,673
4,773
232
4,843
666
5,753
300
4,652
10,140
78
1,354
1,167
126
6,028
2,635
5,492
1,361
2,291
517
828
804
161
1,676,709
186L]
COMMBBCE.
176
5. Ilf:PO«TS AHD EzPOftTt OF BAOgl 9tATB|
During t/^ Ksar ending June 30, 1849.
States.
Maine,
New Hampehire,
Vermont,
Massachusetts,
Rhode Island,
Connecticut,
New York,
New Jersey,
Pennsylvania,
Delaware,
Maryland,
District of Golumbia,
Virginia,
North Carolina,
South Carolina,
Georgia,
Florida,
Alabama,
Louisiana,
Mississippi,
Tennessee,
Missouri,
Ohio,
Kentucky,
Michigan,
Illinois,
Texas,
Total,
Value of Exports.
Domestic
Produce.
#1,279,393
5,852
299,938
8,174,667
172,691
264,000
36,738,216
355
4,860,872
37,850
7,786,695
111,607
3,369,422
270,076
9,699,875
6,857,806
2,518,027
12,823,725
36,967,118
149,724
127,844
88,412
82,791
132,666,955
Foreign
Produce.
$7,288
26
388,93J
2,090,196
5,461
9,224,886
8
492,549
379
213,966
4,316
1,301
654,549
Total
6,007
5
$1,286,681
5,878
688,869
10,264,862
178,162
264,000
45,963,100
363
6,343,421
38,229
8,000,660
111,607
3,373,738
270,076
9,701,176
6,857,806
2,618,027
12,823,726
37,611,667
149,724
132,851
88,417
82.791
Value of Imports.
In Amer.
Vessels.
$577,403
61,029
147,721
18,367,959
230,147
220,360
76,148,308
3,360
10,008,073
898
4,613,219
36,668
223,218
105,975
996,168
176,437
42,811
106,913
7,853,664
2,433
16,146
130,382
137,552
79,738
98,141
6,173
2,267
13,088,865|l45,755,820ll2Q,382,162
In Foreign
Vessels.
$144,006
13,322
6,377,968
7,331
14,393
16,419,061
893
637,427
602
363,612
18,717
7,171
479,627
194,687
20,400
548,234
2,197,033
12,287
4,693
14333
Total.
$721,409
64,351
147,721
24,745,917
237,478
234,743
92,667,369
4,263
10,646,600
1,400
4,976,731
36,668
241,935
113,146
1,475,696
371,024
63,211
667,147
10,060,697
2,433
15,145
130,382
149,839
79,738
98,141
9,766
16,600
27,476,287] 147,857,439
6. Vessels built, and
For
THE Tonnage thereof, in thIb United States,
the Year ending June 30, 1849.
States.
Class of Vessels.
Total num-
Total
Tonnage.
Tom. 96th8.
Ships.
Brigs.
107
Schoon-
ers
Sloops and
canal-hoais.
Steamers.
ber of Ves-
sels builL
Maine,
119
1U6
6
7
344
82,256 56
New Hampshire,
8
4
12
6,166 89
Massachusetts,
33
7
68
9
1
118
23,888 84
Rhode Island,
3
3
4
3
13
2,760 28
Connecticut,
2
1
38
14
1
66
5,066 26
New York,
17
8
64
155
21
266
44,104 26
New Jersey,
1
57
27
2
87
8,025 55
Pennsylvania,
3
8
27
102
68
197
24007 73
Delaware,
1
17
6
23
1,880 36
Maryland,
9
9
129
6
162
17,463 93
District of Colombia,
22
22
609 20
Virginia,
1
2
32
1
2
38
3,094 65
North Carolina,
1
1
24
3
20
2,032 37
South Carolina,
6
2
8
655 67
Georgia,
1
1
2
788 37
Florida,
1
1
119 89
Alabama,
2
1
3
106 64
Louisiana,
1
12
4
4
21
1,766 48
Tennessee,
2
2
242 79
Kentucky,
34
34
8,423 33
Missouri,
8
11
19
2,888 61
Illiaois,
I
a
9
13
2,210 84
Ohio,
2
9
8
44
63
12,816 92
Michigan,
16
9
8
26
6,148 66
Total,
198
148
623
370
208
1,647
256,677 47
623. ISO
70o,'ra7
747,170
813,619
8.W.142
6J8,«7S
Couiing
C«I
Alscksnl
ri.h«7.
SS
is
am! 140
66,M4
^'m
60,S42
BTJ^IMI
6eS,4/)3
eJieai
589,323
S87,a73
668,490
raa.9S7
r4;w7
768,928
5I6[978
siisst
as,Rn
60.977
46.910
649:837
61 '083
792;30i
72;3;4
8^:023
83.3117
«4l4M
46,810
,C U6
70:064
35,983
T6;03S
38,268
,1 l«7
ee.Mi
ei.sM
11776
8fi,331
IfiJTO
SBSM
31.413
I i
7(1 J 77
73 S^
42^942
duecdiMUniifilHcii
Xn. MINT.
It ii lawfiil fbr any person or peiaons to bring to the Mini gold and silver
ballioD to be coiDed ; and the ballion bo brought ia there Bagayed nnd
ooioed, OS ■peedily aa may be after the receipt thereof, and, if of t!ie eland-
ard of the United States, free of expense to the person or penons by whom
it baa been brought. Bat the Treasurer of (he Mint ia not obliged to
leoeive, fbr the purpose of refining and coining, any deposit of len value
than one hundred dollars, nor any bullion so base as lo be unsuitable for
minting. And there must be retained from every deposit of bullion helow
the standard such gum as shall be equivalent to the expense incurred in
refining, toughening, and alloying the same ; an accurate account of which
expense, on every deposit, is kept, and of the lumi retained on scconnl of
the aame, which are accounted for by the Treasurer of the Hint wilh the
Treasurer of the United Stales.
1851.]
MINT.
177
Cfficert of (A0 Mint at Philadelphia.
Salary.
Salarj.
James C. Booth, MeUer and
Refiner J $2,000
Jas. B. Longacre, Engraver, 2,000
W. E. Dubois, Assist. Assayer, 1,300
W. W. Wickes, Treasurer^
R. M. Patterson, Director, $ 3,500
Jas. Ross Saowden, Trtasurer, 2,500
Franklin Peale, Chief Coiner, 2,000
Jacob R. Eckfeldt, Assayer, 2,000
Officers of the Branch at JVeio Orleans, La.
A. W. Redding, Superintend., $ 2,500 John Brooks, Coiner,
Wm. P. Hort, Assayer, 2,000
M. F. Bonzano, Melter fy Refiner, 2,000
Officers of the Branch at Dahlonega, Ga.
A. W. Redding, 5upenit^6»u2., $2,0001 Robert H. Moore, Coiner,
Isaac L. Todd, Assayer, 1,500
Officers of the Branch at CharloUe, JV. C.
J. W. Osborne, Superintendent, $ 2,000|Emmor Graham, Coiner, $ 1 ,500
J. H. Gibbon, Assayer, 1,500|
1. Statement of the Deposits for Coinage, at the Mint of the United States
and its Branch^, in the Year 1849.
$ 2,000
2,500
$1,500
Gold.
Coins of the United States, old standard,
Forei^ Coins,
United Sutee Bullion,
Foreign Bulli(m, ......
Total of Gold,
SiLVXB.
United Star^ Bullion,
Foreign Bullion,
Foreign Coins,
Total of Silver,
Total,
1
• 41,320
4,920,331
7,066,783
193,951
• 13,343,176
3,366,388
• 39,113
311,176
3,116,000
• • •
• 14,609,463
2.
Statement of the Coinage of the Mint of the United States and its Branches
in the Year l&i9.
Denominations.
Pieces.
Value.
Denominations.
Pieces.
Value.
Gold/
Eagles,
Half- Eagles,
Qiiarter-Eaglea,
, Dollars,
COPPBB.
Cents,
Half-Cents,
ffn,618
336,939
44,409
936,789
$9,007,761.00
8 41,984.33
SiLvaa.
Dollars,
Half-DoUars,
Quarter-Dollars,
Dimes,
Half Dimes,
Total,
63,600
8,663,000
340,000
1,139,000
1,309,000
• 3,114,960.00
4,178,600
89,864
13,666,660
• U,164«696.83
Up to the close of August, 1850, $24,503,454 of California gold was received at the Mint
and branches. Up to the same period 608,177 double eagles were coined, value, $ 12, 163,640,
and 81,170 gold dollars.
UNITED BTITES.
3. CoiiMgKftKtJKMnfiktlhutti
qflAe Branch MintM from At
of ikeir Operattmu, i* 1838.
Ytm.
Gold.
SiLVM.
,„C»fP«.
W5i5i
CotNAOl.
vlhS^
^0■ 1.1 t,e^
V^iu..
1793-Bfl
»71,48S.0Q
(370,683.80
§11,373,00
1,834,420
1 453,541
108,787.60
60
10,324,40
1,219,370
103,422.60
I2,'S91
9,610,34
126:524
1796
aoe.eio.DO
330,«01
9,797.00
i^smImi
H6,69e
17M
2i3,ass.oo
423,516
9,106.69
1,366,681
M6,906
ISOO
317,780.00
m,s3a
m
29,279.40
3,337,972
671,33E
422,570,00
74,768
w
13,628.37
1671390
SIOSH
laa
423,310.00
6e,M3
31,422.83
3,615,669
616,076
1803
2S8,37?.60
87; 11*
n
26,203.03
2,780,830
370899
268,612.60
12,844. M
2046,839
371,827
170,367.60
60
13,483.48
a',260^1
aM,60G.OO
471,319
6,260.00
1,816,409
aoi\oBi
1807
437 46S.O0
697 44S
9,662.21
s;73i:346
1,044,696
l«B
S84:6fi6.0O
681,300
707,376
s
13,U9O,00
8,001,63
2,936,888
2S61^
K
638,773
w
16,660,00
3,068,418
1,166,868
497,906.00
608,340
2,496,96
1,649,670
1,108,740
1818
290,439.00
814.CB9
60
10,766.00
2,761,646
1,116,219
1813
477,140.00
830,961
?>
4,180,00
1756 331
1102575
77^270.00
3,678,30
1333^
'643536
3,176.00
69,867
20,483
ill!
28,576 76
6^:783.60
38,209.82
39,434,00
6,]63;967
.«!.™«
1,070,464.60
31.670,00
6637 084
i,i40,ooaao
5,074,723
601,680.70
44;07s!60
Bas,7ei.46
3,390,00
ias3
806 808.60
896,60X00
20,723,39
2,166,486
1,768,477.00
[2,830.00
4,7B6,SM
1825
1,664,683.00
6,178,780
ie!344.2S
6774431
23,557.32
9,097,845
lan
,676,«00in
6,196,353
1829
,9M,6?S.O0
le^saoioo
7,674,601
1830
,495.40000
1711600
B367 191
1831
,176,600.00
33,603.60
11792 281
,679,000,00
23,620.00
9,128,3^
2,759,000,00
28,160.00
10,307,790
1834
,416,002,00
11,6.^,643
1836
,443,003.00
39!4S9:00
16 996^2
[ose^oioioo
23,100.00
66,683.00
3,718,333
3,010,721
,333,243.00
6 790 311
IS39
2,189,296,00
1S116B4
1,726,703.0)
24[627!00
0,658,9(0
1,138,760.00
16,973.67
2,332,760,00
ll>43,'l63
1813
3,834,760,00
4,610,682
2,236,660,00
23;997:62
9061 S34
ie4E
1,873,200.00
38,948.M
1,808,196
2,668,630,00
10133515
6;e33,966:0O
181T
2,374,460,00
6l!s36ifiS
15,392,314
1848
2.040,050,00
64;i5r.99
IS649 790
6:879:7ao!49
1849
2,114.95000
12.666.659
86.3»^201.W
l.-JSU4^'.Stt\
lSt,«4t,9M
nHnK74o9.92-"
1851.] PUBLIC LANDS. 179
XIII. PUBUC LANDS.
[From the Land Gommianoiier's Eaport, Nor. 28th, 1819.]
Thk public lands belonging to the General Government are situated ; —
Ist. Within the limits of the United States, as defined by the treaty of 1783,
and are embraced by the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wis-
consin, and that part of Minesota east of the Mississippi River, all of
which have been formed out of the Northwestern Territory, as conveyed
with certain reservations to the United States by New York in 1781, by
Virginia in 1784, by Massachusetts in 1785, and by Connecticut in 1786 ;
also the lands within the boundaries of the States of Mississippi and Alabama
north of 3P north latitude, as conveyed to the United States by Georgia
in 1802. 2d. Within the territories of Orleans and Louisiana, as acquired
firom France by the treaty of 1803, including the portion of the States of
Alabama and Mississippi south of 31° ; the whole of Louisiana, ArkansaSi
Missouri, Iowa, and that portion of Minesota west of the Mississippi
River ; the Indian Territory ; the district called Nebraska; the Territory of
Oregon, and the region lying between Oregon and Minesota, north of 42^
and south of 49° north latitude. 3d. Within the State of Florida, as ob-
tained from Spain by the treaty of 1819. 4tt|. In New Mexico and Cali-
fornia, as acquired from Mexico, by the treaty of 1848.
Within the limits recognized by these treaties and cessions, the public
lands covered an estimated area of 1,584,000,000 acres. To the 30th Sep-
tember, 1849, 146,000,000 acres had been sold, leaving unsold an area of
1,438,000,000 acres, which land, in large bodies or detached tracts, is
found in the several States and Territories above mentioned.
The system for surveying and disposing of the public lands was established
by the act of 20th May, 1785, and has continued to the present time with
but slight modifications. All public lands, before they are offered for sale,
are surveyed in ranges of townships of six miles square, which townships
are subdivided into thirty-six sections of one mile square, each section
generally containing 640 acres. This subdivision is made by lines crossing
each other at right angles, and running to the cardinal points of the com-
pass. The sections are numbered from 1 to 36, beginning at the north-
eastern comer of the township, and counting alternately from east to west,
and from west to east, and are subdivided into quarters, or 160 acres, eighths,
or 80 acres, and sixteenths, or 40 acres. The comers of townships, sections
and quarter-sections, are designated by monuments established by survey-
ors in the field. After the lands have been thus surveyed, they are pro-
claimed by the President for sale at public auction, at not less than $ li25
per acre ; and such as thereafter remain unsold may be purchased at pri-
vate sale at that rate.
The security of titles under this system is nearly perfect, as is shown by
the fiict, that, notwithstanding the extent of sales of land, and the number
and variety of purchasers, there has been but little litigation as to bounda-
180 UNITED STATU. [1851.
riea ; and most oftbis haa been cnnged b^ fraud, and not b; aaj derecl in
the ByBlem of operBtioiiB.
Forthe beneSi of education, the uiIeoDth leclion in each township, or
ooe tbirty-uxth part of the public lands, baa been gel apart Tor the BUppoctof
BcbooU. Beaides this, large donattoDB have been made by Congresa from
time lo time lor colleges, county leata. Beats of government, and inlernal
improvements. Full details of Ibeie graota and donalions, and also of the
preaent eonditioD of tbe public lands, are given in the American Almanac
for 1850, page 180, cf itq.
The fbllowing tables show the aalea of public landi, and the proceeds
thereof, in 1848, and in the firat three quarters of 1849 ; aUo, from the jear
1833 lo Ibe ibird quarter of 1849, iaeluaive : —
1, SatantHt of PvtUc UiniU »oU,imd of Paymenti into tk» Tretuvry on
Jceownt tktrtof, i» tie Yarn 1843, and Ott IM, 2d, and 3d Qimrf n-> of 1849.
2. Quantity of Piiilic Itnd sold, and Ihe Amount paid far
from 1833 to tAi Third Quorter n/ 1 849.
1851.]
CENSUS OF CHARLESTON, S* C.
181
XIV. CENSUS OF CHARLESTON, S. C, IN 1848.
This census was taken under the authority of the City Council, by J. L.
Dawson, M. D., and H. W. Desaussure, M. D., who have published the
results in an octavo volume of 262 pages, containing '* an accumulation of
fiicts which, if properly studied, will enable one to form an opinion of the
future prospects of the city." We should judge that the labor had been
faithfully and intelligently performed, and the result is creditable alike to
the liberality and forethought of the cit}', and to the ability and industry of
those who collected and digested the material of which the work is made
up. The enumeration of the inhabitants was made in the month of No-
vember, when the city is generally fullest We give below those statistics
of the city for which we can find room.
Population of the City at Different Enumerations.
Years.
Number of Persons.
To each 100 Persons, there were
Whites. 1 Slaves. iFttseCoPA
Totals.
Whiles.
Slaves.
FreeCol'd.
1790
16,359
8,089
7,684
586
49.45
46.97
3.58
1800
20,473
9,630
9,819
1,024
47.04
47.93
5.00
1810
24,711
11,568
11,671
1,472
46.80
47.25
5.95
1820
24,780
10,653
12,652
1,475
42.99
51.06
5.95
1824
27,822
12,357
13,852
1,613
44.42
49.79
5.79
1830
30,289
12,828
15,354
2,107
42.36
50.69
695
1840
29,261
13,030
14,673
1,558
44.53
50.14
5-33
1848
26,451
14,187
10,772
1,492
53.64
40.72
5.64
The decrease in the population since 1840 is among the slaves and free
colored, and is accounted for in this wky ; — that the slaves and free colored
have removed to the Neck, a suburb beyond the corporate limits of the
city, where, there being no restrictions upon the material or style of build-
ing, houses suited to their condition are n;imerous, and of moderate rents.
Since the census of 1848 was taken, the Neck, by act of the Legislature,
4ias been added to the city, with its population, exceeding, as is supposedy
16,000 persons.
The Total and Annual Increase^ and Per cent, of Increase af Populatianf
since 1790.
Tears.
Whites.
Slares and Free Colored. ]
Increase. [increase per cent.
Increase.
Increase
per cent.
Toul.
Annual. ) Total.
Annual.
Total.
Annual.
Total.
Annual.
1790
1800
1,541
154.1
19.17
1.91
2,573
257.3
31.11
3.11
1810
1,938
193.8
20.12
2.01
2,300
230.0
21.11
2.11
1820
-r505
—50.5
—4.36
—.43
984
98.4
7.48
.74
1830
2,175
217.5
20.41
2.04
3,334
333.4
23.60
2.36
1840
202
20.2
1.57
.15
—1,230
—123.0
—7.04
—.70
1848
1,157
115.7
8.87
.88
—3,967
—396.7
—24.44
—2.44
Of the white population there were bom in Charleston 8,229, or 58 per
cent. ; in the United States, but not in Charleston, 2,939, or 20.72 per cent;
not born in the United States, 3,019, or 21.28 per cent.
16
pTopartiau of A* Stxtt.
Jigts i(ftht White Population.
y™.
Number DfPenoas.
1810
1B30
9,(30
11.668
10,653
4,760
4,241
5,234
4,757
1,574
1,655
^496~
493
677
41.15
39 81
45.94
44.65
9.41
1361
15 54
1330
1S40
1848
13,823
13,030
H,187
6374
68.60
"3.H7
3.23
4.79
4,Kie
4,304
4:^8
8,304
36.14
3304
32,6a
/Vajxntion ofPopviation rtirvitring tpeeifiid ^gts, i
Lmtdon, owJ Liverpool.
CharUrlmi, BusUm,
AgemrrlT-
At fiirth.
B«rtm
L..don
Liirerpool.
fiSJW
"looToo
T8Sa
TiWoo
18M,
iooW
100.00
iMoo
86.4g
86.06
87.56
85,39
87.37
86.49
84-97
10 >•
74.77
76.32
76.75
72.86
T7.44
75.96
70.83
15 "
63.85
69.01
67.05
59.77
20 "
52-40
55,56
58 05
5.V(iK
54,43
59.43
57.92
40-34
30 "
32.36
32.06
:tt>.75
:)«.;«)
36,60
:i355
3896
3553
40 «
1fi,P2
16.33
20.17
21.78
24.33
16 Oft
23-70
81.32
50 «
H.7fi
7-83
10.48
11.25
14.95
7,31
12,60
10.73
60 «
HHfi
3.23
4,78
4.81
7.71
315
5,68
4.83
70 «
1.53
1.26
1,66
1.67
3.53
.m
1.85
1.64
57
.36
.61
1.75
.35
90 "
.07
.07
.04
53
S&
.02
,03
.03
Then were in 1848, 3,147 bouaes, of which number 2,789 were uwd
wholl]' or partiall]' aa dwellings, aad 359 ra stores, Slc. The whole num-
ber of inhabited bousei was 2,666 ; the whalG number of familiei 3,320.
There were 1J20 familioB to each houEe, and 4.40 pereone to each &Dil]j.
In 1820, the number of dwell! ng-bouwa was 2,336 ; in 1630, 2,481 ; and in
1840, 2,804. Id 1848, 1,463 houaea had a well, 257 a cleten], 691 bolb
oiilem and well, and 35( neither cittern nor welL
1851.]
CENSUS or CHARLESTON , 8. C.
1S3
Occupations of the
Population
ml848
•
Tliere were contributing to
•
1
•
1
1
1
3
S
s
1
i
1
Literature Sc
Fine Arts,
d
o
§
a
1
1
1
1
II
Si
Residue of
Population.
•
Whites.
Maleg,
224
49
5iJ9
138
138
52
278
122
95
20
278834
97
155939231
Females,
54
91
1
6
230
134
516
Slaves,
Males,
213
75
12
1
8
87
101
46
147
280634061
Females,
30
2
57
3770
3859
FreeColored.
Males,
47
36
4
20
5
1
82
9
58
263
Females,
28
1
10
247
37
322
Pauperism. — There are two classes of persons receiving public charity.
1. Paupers, — those admitted to the poor-house and supported there.
2. Out'door pensioners^ — those living at their own homes, and receiving
daily stipulated quantities of food from the house. The following tables
show the number of paupers and pensioners, and the cost of pauperism for
a series of years.
Years.
Paupers.
Out-door Pensioners.
Total Pau-
pers and
Pensioners.
Born in
United
States.
Born out
of U.
States.
Total admit-
ted to
Poor House.*
Bom in
United
States.
Born out
ofU.
States.
Total re-
lieved.*
1830 to 1833
1834 " 1838
1839 «* 1843
1844 " 1848
750
884
886
748
735
897
1309
1106
1485
1782
2195
1858
«21
723
578
522
199
124
181
202
1020
847
759
706
2505
2629
2954
2584
Cost
of Pauperism
•
Years. Cost.
Income from
Labor.
Paid by State.
59,000
48,000
22,500
22,500
22,500
22,500
Net Expense to
City.
41,707.34
24,279.67
23,917.50
28,448.95
27,989.17
11,399.34
1819 to 1823
1824 " 1828
1829 " 1833
1834 « 1838
1839 " 1843
1844 « 1848
$ 100,707.34
72,279.67
46,417.50
50,948.95
50,489.17
38,789.37
4,890.03
Education. — There are four free schools in the city, and one on the
Neck, which are conducted by five teachers ; — three male teachers at a
salary of ^ 1,200 per annum each, and two female, at ^ 750 each. From
this salary the teachers are obliged to furnish a school-room, and often
books. In 1848, the whole number of scholars in these schools was 394,
and the money expended on the schools $ 3,900. There is, besides, a High
School, averaging from 130 to 150 pupils ; in which the tuition is $ 10 per
quarter. Charleston College is also under the direction of the City Council.
* The difference, if any, between thia column and the sum of tlie other two columns,
«bow8 the number of those the place of whose birth was unknown.
18i
UNITED STATES.
[1851.
Births, Marriages, and Deaths.
No record has been kept by the city or State of the births and marriages.
By inquiries, it was found that in 1848 there were among the whites 465
births, — males 229, females 236 ; among the slaves, 484, — males 258,
females 226} among the free colored, 56, — males 31, females 25. The
deaths during the same year were, of whites, 303 ; of colored persons, 311.
142 marriages were ascertained to have taken place during the year.
Fuller records are kept of the deaths, as shown in the following table.
Tears.
Whites.
Blacks.
Deaths.
Average
per annum.
Per Cent,
of Popul'n.
Number of
Deaths.
4,076
4,297
2,847
Average
per annum.
Per Cent,
of Popula'n.
1822 to 1830
1831 « 1840
1844 >« 1848
3,447
3,366
1,866
383
336
235
3.7
2.6
1.8
453
429
356
2.9
2.4
2.1
Extended tables are given, showing the ages at death, the mortality in
the different months of the year, for whites and blacks, and full abstracts of
the causes of death, and accounts of the prevalence of epidemics and conta-
gious diseases, for which we have not space. The climate is variable, there
having been a variation of 83^ between the heat and cold of different days
of the same year, and of 46° in the different hours of the same day.
Frovident InstittUion for Savings, incorporated December, 1843.
7ean.
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
Acc'u
opn'd.
429
339
321
360
326
1,775
Amounts
Deposited.
Average
to each
depositor.
Am'ts paid depositors. |
Amounts remain-
Annual Ex-
penses.
Capital. *
Dividends
at 5 per ct.
ing on deposit in
Jan. of each year.
$33,064
58,943
61,289
76,487
81,833
$76 34
117.28
119.08
130.46
135.26
$4,075
10,757
39,031
40,238
57,370
$364t
1,807
3,723
4,973
6,320
$28,989
48,185
22,257
36,248
24,463
$237.17
333.46
547 42
571.76
756.65
Totol,
311,616
151,471
17,187
160,142
2,446.46
There is no valuation of the personal or real estate in the city. The debt
of the city is stated at $ 935,671.47. The assets of the sinking fund are
$ 547,438.93, which gives $ 388,232.54 as the real indebtedness of the city.
In addition to what we have given above, the volume contains full sta-
tistics of the production and prices of the staples, cotton and rice ; of
trade and commerce ; of prices and rates of exchange ; of banks ; of the
slave-trade ; of the South Carolina Railroad ; and of the several manufac-
turing establishments in the city.
XV. A STATISTICAL VIEW OF THE PRINCIPAL PUBLIC
LIBRARIES IN EUROPE AND AMERICA, IN 1848.
From <<A Statistical View t of the Principal Public Libraries of Europe and
* Paid out, when accounts are closed, and deposits are withdrawn.
t For first half-year after the Institution was in operation.
t A Statistical View of the Principal Public Libraries of Europe and America. By Ed-
1851.]
PVBI.IC LIBRARISS.
186
America,*' poblished in London in 1849, by Edward Edwards, Eflq., of the
British Museum, we gather the following information and statistical tables
Approximate Tabular View of the Libraries containing 10,000 Volumes or
uptoardsj accessible to tke Public, in the several States of Europe ; also, the
whole Number of Ldbraries in said States, and the Number of Vobanes
and of Maifuscripts contained therein in 1848.
Name of State.
No. of
Libra-
ries
exceed-
ing
10,000
Vol-
umes.
Aggregate
Popula-
tion of
Cities and
Townst
contain-
ing said
Libraries.
Aggregate
number of
Volumes
in said
Libraries.
No. of Vols to every
100 of the populat'n of
said Cities k Towns.
Whole
num-
ber of
Libra-
ries.
Aggregate
number ot
Volumes
of Printed
Books in
1848.
No. of
Vol.
umes
of
MSS.
in
184a
Anhalt,
1
11,479
20,000
170
2
26,700
Austrian StateSj
49
1,443,187
2,408,000
167
49
^>f^W
41,103
Baden,
6
72,960
404,300
540
6
4«,30e
3,170
Bararia,
18
373,337
1,268,500
339
18
1,268,600
30,156
Belgium,
14
638,564
509,100
96
14
609,100
20,728
Bremen,
2
42,000
36,000
86
2
36,000
Brunswick,
1
8,500
200,000
2,353
6
223,000
4,580
Crocow,
2
37,000
62,000
141
2
62,000
2.210
Denmark,
5
156,692
647,000
412
6
647,000
3;200
France,
109
3,183,120
4,092,696
129
186
4,510,295
119,119
Frankfort-on-the-Maine,
1
66,244
62,000
94
1
62,000
560
Great Britain and Irelandj"*
34
3,344,916
1,771,493
53
34
1,771,493
62,149
Hamburg,'*'
6
128,000
200,367
148
6
200,367
6,000
Hanover,
6
61,700
492,000
813
6
492,000
6,743
Hesse,
4
88,700
266,000
299
6
273 20d
400
Hesse-Darmstadt,
2
30,300
280,000
924
3
282,600
6,268
Hildburghauaen,
1
10,200
12,000
118
1
12,000
Holland;
5
349,010
219,000
63
7
228,310
12,000
Lippe-Deimold,
1
2,500
21,500
860
1
21,600
100
Lubec,
2
26.000
62,000
200
2
^,000
400
Lucca,
I
24;092
25,000
104
1
sis,00u
Luxemburg,
1
12,000
19,600
163
1
i^m
162
Mecklenburg,
2
26,634
84,000
315
3
Mecklenburg-Strelitz,
1
4,600
50,000
1,111
1
60>,00u
Modena,
1
27,000
90,000
333
1
9000H
3,000
Naples and Sicily,
8
550,453
413,000
66
8
^Irf^
3,000
Nassau,
1
16,000
50,000
333
1
Oldenburg, *
1
5,564
60,000
*'2J§
1
gSTjooo
Papal States,
15
358,600
953,000
266
16
33,495
Parma,
3
71,600
146,000
204
3
146,000
Portugal,
7
363,080
276,000
76
7
276,000
7,587
Prussian States,
44.
989,613
2,008,360
200
53
2,040,100
15,417
Reuss,
1
.6,000
RudolstJidt, ^
1
4,000
46,000
1,150
1
46,000
Russian Empire,
Sardinia ana Piedmont,
12
1,063,823
852,090
80
12
862,090
21,604
9
302,497
286,000
94
11
297,000
24r;ooo
4,600
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha,
3
35,579
247,000
618
6
6,000
Saxe-Meiningen,
1
6,000
32,000
633
1
32,000
Saxe-Weimar,
2
17,029
180,000
^'^l
2
180,000
2,000
Saxony,*
9
132,927
670,500
417
9
670,600
7,950
Spain,
17
650,369
687,650
106
^
711,060
8,262
Svveden and Norway,
8
120,528
353,000
309
8
353,000
9,300
Switzerland,
13
137,083
480,300
350
13
480,300
12,734
Tuscany,
Waldeck Pyrmont,
10
153,466
401,000
261
10
401,000
30,000
. 1
1,500
30,000
2,000
1
30,000
Wurtembei^,
i 6
67,999
427,000
628
6
433,0Q0|
6,200
ward Edwards, Esq., of the British Museum. Third Edition, corrected, wltli Additional
Tables, and Illustrated Rans. London. 1849. Folio, pp. 70.
* In these states the enumeration embraces libraries of less extent than 10,000 volumes.
t Forthe total population of the several states, see " European States,'' near end ofToIums.
16*
189 UHITBO iTATM. [1851*
The principal Ubraries of the several capital citiea of Europe, in the
order of their magnitude, in 1848 itood as follows : —
Yolames. Yolumefl.
«Paris, National Library, . 834,000
•Munich, Royal do. . 600,000
*Milan, Brera Library, . . 170,000
Paris, St. Genevieve do. . 150,000
Petersburg, Imperial do. . 446,000, Darmstadt, Grand Ducal do. 150,000
•London, British Museum do. 435,000 ^Florence, Magliabecchian do. 150,000
•Copenhagen, Royal do. . 412,000 "Naples, Royal do. . 150,000
•Berlin, Royal do. . 410,000| "Brussels, Royal do. 133,500
•Vienna, Imperial do. ; . 313,000,Rome, Casanate do. . . 120,000
•Dresden, Royal do. . . 300,000 •Hague, Royal do. . • . ' 100,000
Madrid, National do. . . 200,000' Paris, Mazarin do. . . 100,000
Wolfenbuttel, Ducal do. . 200,000 Rome, Vatican do. . . 100,000
Stutgard, Royal do. . . 187,000 "Parma, Ducal do. . . 100,000
Paris, Arsenal do. . . 180,0001
The oldest of the great libraries of printed books is probably that of
Vienna, which dates from 1440, and is said to have been open to the pub-
lic as early as 1575. The town library of Ratisbon (in Bavaria) dates
from 1430 ; St. Mark's Library at Venice, from 1468 ; the town library of
Frankfort, from 1484 ; that of Hamburg, from 1529 ', of Strasburg (France),
from 1531 ; of Augsburg (Bavaria), from 1537; those of Berne and
Geneva, from 1550; and that of Basel or Basle, from 1564.
The Royal Library of Copenhagen was founded about 1550. In 1671,
it had 10,000 volumes; in 1748, about 65,000; in 1778, 100,000; and in
1820, 300,000. The National Library of Paris was founded in 1595,
and was made public in 1737. In 1640, it had about 17,000 volumes;
in 1684, 50,000 ; in 1775, 150,000 ; in 1790, 200,000. The library of the
British Museum was founded in 1753, and made public in 1757, when it
contained about 40,000 volumes. In 1800, it had about 65,000 volumes ;
in 1823, 125,000 ; in 1836, nearly 240,000. The whole of the difference
between 1836 and 1848 does not arise from the actual increase of the col-
lection ; a portion of the difference results from the fact, that many thou-
sand tracts, formerly in volumes or cases, have been separately bound, and
are now enumerated as distinct volumes. The rest of the increase is
mainly ascribable to donations. Of its 435,000 volumes, at least 200,000
have, been presented or bequeathed. The growth of the Copenhagen
Library arises mainly from judicious purchases, at favorable opportunities.
The increase of the National Library of Paris, since 1790, is in a great
measure to be ascribed to the Revolution. Special instructions were
usually given, that the officers of the library should have unlimited power
of selection from the many libraries at the disposal of the government up-
on the suppression of the monasteries and convents, and the confiscation of
the property of rebels and emigrants.
* These libraries are entitled hj law to a eopj of ererjr book publiehed within the etatee
to which they respectively belong.
1851.]
P0BLIC LIBRARIES.
187
The chief Uniyerrity Libraries in 1848 nmked ai fdSknrn : -—
VolnmeB.
Volumes.
^Gottingenf Uniy. Library,
Breslau UniTersity
Oxford, t Bodleian
Tubingen University
Munich
Heidelberg
Cambridge t Public
Bologna University
*Pnigue t
(C
((
((
cc
((
cc
360,000
250,000
220,000
200,000
200,000
200,000
166,724
150,000
130,000
cc
cc
Vienna University Library, 115,000
112,000
110,000
110,000
105,000
104,239
100,000
100,000
90,854
Leipsic
Copenhagen **
•Turin t «*
Lou vain **
Dublin t Trinity Coll. «
"Upsal University
Erlangen **
Edinburgh >*
cc
cc
cc
(C
cc
cc
The date of the foundation of some of the libraries is as follows : —
Turin, 1436; Cambridge, 1484; Leipsic, 1544; Edinburgh, 1582; the
Bodleian, 1597. The library of the University of Salamanca (24,000 vol-
umes) is said to have been founded in 1215.
The following table shows the whole number of printed volumes in the
public libraries of some of the principal cities of Europe, in 1848.
Volumes
Volumes
»
Volumes.
Aberdeen,
46,000
Dublin,
143,654
Munich,
800,000
Amsterdam,
16,000
Edinburgh,
288,854
Naples,
2i)0,000
Antwerp,
15,000
Florence,
299,000
Oxford,
273,000
Barcelona,
45,000
Genoa,
120,000
Padua,
177,000
Berlin,
460,000
Glasgow,
80,096
Paris,
1,474,000
Bologna,
233,000
Gottingen,
350,000
Prague,
198,000
Bremen,
36,000
Halle,
121,000
Rome,
465,000
Breslau,
370,000
Hamburg,
200,367
Seville,
58,000
Brussels,
143,500
Leipsic,
192,000
Stockholm,
82,000
Buda-Pesth,
68,000
Lisbon,
98,000
St. Petersburg,
595,900
Cambridge,
261,724
London,
490,500
Stut^ard,
197,000
Cologne,
109,300
Lyons,
Milan,
82,000
Venice,
137,000
Copenhagen,
557,000
250,000
Vienna,
453,000
Dresden,
340,500
Moscow,
66,000
Weimar,
110,000
The average annual sum allotted to the support of the National Library
at Paris is jC 16,575; the Royal Library at Brussels, jC 2,700 ; of Munich,
about £2,000; of Vienna, £1,900; of Berlin, £3,745; of Copenhagen,
£1,250; of Dresden, £500; of Darmstadt, £2,000; of the British
Museum prior to 1835, less than £8,000, and of this sum only £ 1,135, on
an average, was expended for printed books. In 1846 and 1847, £ 1 0,000
was annually appropriated for the purchase of printed books, which sum
was in 1848 reduced to £ 8,500. The whole sum expended in the pur-
chase of printed books for the British Museum, including maps and mu-
sical works, from its foundation in 1753 to Dec. 25, 1847, yraa £ 102,446,
18«. 5d.; for manuscripts, £42,940 11^. 10^.; prints and drawings, £29,318
4s.', antiquities, coins, and medals, £125,257 Os. dd.] specimens in all
branches of natural history ,£ 43,599 la, Sd. ; in all, £344,562 29. Sd,
* These are lending libraries.
t These are legally entitled to copies of all works publiahed in the slates to which thej
respecUrelj belong.
188
UHITS) STATIS.
[1891.
The average Bttmber of Tolumea added anDoally to tbe National Libmry
of Paris is stated to be 12,000; to that of Munich, 10,000; of Berlin,
5,000 ; of Vienna, 5,000 ; of St. Petersburg, 2,000; to the Ducal Library
of Parma, 1,800 ; to the Royal Library of Copenhagen, 1,000 ; to the
British Museum under the special grant, about 90,000 volumes, usually
comprising about 24,000 separate works.
The publication of Mr. Edwards contains the sums granted annuaHy,
from 1823 to 1848 inclusive, by Parliament, and by the French Chambeni,
for the support of public libraries and museums ; — also the expenditure in
detail, upon the library of the British Museum, from 1753 to 18^ inclnsive.
We give below the summary by Mr. Edwards of the public librwies in
America, for the year 1846. The summary takes no account of libmriea
containing less than 5,000 volumes. We hope soon, from the pablicationa
of the Smithsonian Institute, and from inlbrniatioa friniiahed by corresponds
ents, to give later and fuller information : •—
•ri
Ratio of
No. of
ilvarles.
Ratio of
Name of State.
No. of
ibrarie
No. of
Vols.
Volumes
to every
100 In-
Name of State.
No. of
Vols.
Volumes
to every
100 In-
1
habitants.
t-l
habitants.
Alabama,
6,000
1.1
New Jersey,
3
^,600'
7.5
Columbia, Dist. of,
2
53,000
121.2
New York,
12
167,411
6.2
Connecticuti
6
81,449
263
North Carolina,
1
10,000
1.3
Georgia,
I
13,000
1.9
Ohio,
4
30,497
2.0
Kentuckj,
1
7,000
09
Peomylrania,
14
159,200
9.2
Louisianai
1
5,500
1.6
Rhode Island,
3
37,185
34.2
Maiae,
3
38,860
7.7
South Carolina,
2
30,000
5.0
Maryland,
1
12,000
26
Tennessee,
2
16,000
2.0
IVIassachusettfl,
14
200,757
27.2
Vermont,
2
16,254
5.5
IVIiseouri,
2
14,300
a7
Virginia,
4
41,000'
3.3
New Hampshire,
2.
22.500
7.9
XVI. STATISTICS OF COAL.
The following tables comprise many particulars of interest in relation to
coal. They are derived mainly from the valuable work on this subject by
Richard C. Taylor, Esq.* The very general substitution of coal for wood
as fuel, and its employment in the manufacture of iron and in the produc-
tion of steam and gas, have, of late years, given an amazing impulse to the
trade in this article. Thirty years ago, the coal trade in this country was
limited to three hundred and sixty-five tons of anthracite, brought from the
Lehigh mines to Philadelphia ; now, the annual production of anthracite
greatly exceeds three millions of tons. This rapid increase is not confined
to the United States. In the twenty years from 1825 to 1845, the exports
of coSl from Great Britain increased 713 percent.; the production of coal
in France, 181 per cent., in Belgium, 111 per cent., in Prussia, 124 per cent
Indeed, so great and various have the uses of coal become, that, in con-
nection with iron, it must now be considered one of the most important
elements of a nation's commercial and manufacturing prosperity. It is in*
* ■ ■ ^^.^ — , „ — .. — ^ .... — . — . — ^ — . ■ ^ ^ j^ _ _■
* Statistics of Coal, by Richard C. Taylor. Fhiladelpbia. 1848. 8?a pp. 754.
1851.] ' STATISTICS OF COAL. 180
teresting, therefore, to ascertain and compare the extent and quality of the
coal deposits of various countries. Unfortunately, there exist innumerable
deficiencies and discrepancies in the statistical materials at command. In
some countries, however, as in France and Belgium, measures are taken to *
register ererj important particular in mining operations. It is mifch to be
regretted, that the same fiilneas of detail is unattainable in Great Britain
and in this country. The work of Mr. Taylor, by exhibiting the impor-
tance* of these details, will, it is hoped, do much towards securing so desir-
able a result
In the distribution of coal the United States are highly fiiTored. Exclu-
sive of Texas, New Mexico, Caliibrnia, and Oregon, all of which are
known to contain coal, the area of coal formations in the United States is
estimated by Mr. Taylor to be 133,132 square miles, while the total area of
these formations in Great Britain, Ireland, and the British Provinces of
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Cape Breton, and Newfoundland, is, ac-
cording to the same authority, less than 30,000 square miles. Nearly the
whole of this vast area is occupied by bituminous coal. The total area of
the anthracite region of Pennsylvania is estimated at less than 400 square
miles. Yet more tons of fuel are now annually produced from this small
area, than from the almost boundless fields of bitumin6us coal scattered
over twelve States. The railroads and canals built to develop the wealth of
this region had cost in 1847 about $ 40,000,000. Anthracite seems, indeed,
to have superseded bituminous coal on nearly the whole of our Atlantic
seaboard. The freedom firom smoke of anthracite is alone sufficient to ac-
count for the preference given to it for domestic purposes. In steam navi-
gation it admits of much closer stowage, and is not liable to spontaneous
combustion, as is the case with bituminous coal. In war-steamers there is
this additional advantage, that no smoke betrays the motions of steamers
burning anthracite, whereas steamers burning fat, bituminous coal can be
^ tracked " seventy mileSy before their bulls become visible, by the black
smoke trailing along the horizon.* The preference given to anthracite
may be illustrated by a comparison of the importations of coal into Boston,
in the years 1840 and 1847, which stand thus : —
1840. 1847.
Pennsylvania Anthracite, 73,847 tons. . 258,093 tons.
American Bituminous Coal, 3,299 " 4,554 «<
Foreign " " 49,997 «* 65.203 "
Thus, while in 1840 the excess of anthracite was but 20,551 tons, in 1847 it
was 188,336 tons.!
In regard to the red-ash and white-ash varieties of anthracite mentioned
in Table VIII., '' it seems established,*' says Mr. Taylor, «« that, for closed
ftirnacei for warming houses, the white-ash variety, being the most com-
pact, dense, and slow-burning, is more durable'' than the softer red-ash
coal, and consequently preferable. **In open grates," he adds, ** for warm-
ing apartments, the latter is decidedly preferred."
♦ Taylor, p. 364. t Ibid., p. 16.
190
UNITED STATES.
[1851.
^ A very important and interesting experiment was recently made for
the purpose of testing the comparative valne of the red and the white ash
coals for Aomutie purposes. Two rooms of nearly the same size, and hav-
ing the same temperature, were selected to ascertain how many pounds of
each kind would be required to heat them to a temperature of ,66 degrees,
during a period of 15 hours, when the temperature out of doors at 9 A. M.
was at ten degrees below the freezing point. Two days were occupied in
the trial, so that the red and the white ash coals might be used in aUemaU
rooms. Fires were made at 9 A. M., and continued until 12 P. M. Two
thermometers (one in each room) were suspended at the greatest distance
from the grates, and the temperature was carefully registered every hour.
The result was as follows: —
** Thirty'Cne pounds each day of the Schuylkill v ei{-ash coal gave a mean
temperature of 64 degrees; and thirty'Seven pounds each day of the wkUe'
ash, taken from a vein of high repute in the Lehigh region, gave a mean
temperature of 63 degrees ; -^ making 2^000 pounds of the red-ash to be
equal to 2,387 pounds of the white ; or red-ash coal at ^5.50 per ton to
be equal to white-ash at ^ 4.61." *
Table I. gives a comparative view of the areas of coal lands, and the
production in 1845 of the mx principal producing countries. As to the
area of coal formations in France, it is to be remarked, that the area of
the *' concessions," or grants tnade for working, b all that is given. The
amount of coal produced includes 152,900 tons of lignite or brown coal in
France, and over 700,000 tons in Prussia. The fourth column gives the
relative parts in 1,000 produced by each country.
Table I.t
Countries.
•
Square Miles
ofCoalFor-
maiions.
Tons of Fuel
produced in
1845.
Relative
Parts of
1,000.
Official estimated Value at
the Places of Production.
Americaa
Dollars.
Pounds Ster-
ling.
Great Britain,
Belgium,
United States,
France,
Prussian States,
Austrian States,
Total,
11,859
518
133,132
1,719
not defined.
31,500,000
4,960,077
4,400,000
4,141,617
3,500,000
659,340
642
101
89
84
70
14
45,738,000
7,689,900
6,650,000
7,663,000
4,122,945
800,000
9,450,000
1,660,000
1,373,963
1,603,106
856,370
165,290
49,161,034
1,000 1 72,663,845
15,108,729
Table II. gives an analysis of different kinds of coal, arranged more par-
ticularly to show the adaptation of each variety to the manufacture of iron.
The difference in the amount of carbon, volatile matter, and ashes is very
striking between the bituminous coals and anthracite. Anthracite has now
been success&lly introduced in the manufacture of iron in Pennsylvania
and in South Wales. In 1842, but four furnaces used this coal in Pennsyl-
vania. In 1846, nearly one third of all the iron manufactured in that State
was made by anthracite, as may be seen by the following statement : X —
* Taylor, Introduction, p. Ix.
t Ibid., Introduaion, p. xx.
2 Ibid., p. 135.
1861.}
STATISTICS or COAL.
101
Nnmbef , Taa mads Annnsllf.
FumaceB emplojing chareoal, 274 248,669
" « BDihracite, 43 119,487
In 8transea-Valle;r, Soulh Wales, there mere, in 1847, 23 funiacei nnng-
tnthrmcite, prodneing aiinuAllj 69;600 toni, while ten jean before there
were but three or fhur furaaceB.
Table ll."
Caaauj.
fc. ».■■..>
CluHBcatko.
LocjJllr.
uullBd!'
i
ij
^
Amaric*,
W«lP«m.,Oh,o,V1rsh.(a,IlL
NewCMtlo iidon ■I>ne,Binl«)',
Vulou.[wnoi»
aifluid.A,
Borthiw,
m
»x
J
liM\»8 coali; Iho groal-
H iinng burolD^
8.
do. B.
;■
IE
a.
s.
Kanitm,
58.0
as.e
u
do. C,
Stun,; : ]i±A
Muabet,'
ESjia
4.
la
Anilh,
Bsnhier,
ro.eW
ai
Fnncs,
Riro^Gi^r,
SJ
11.
S>ial Elfmna,
OninM,
^■f'
IJ
'^^.^\"E^"ir^ch«t,
Muohel,
B9.ol,ie.8
idhHiy^^'to^
4.
Scollaod,
colder "i^'r^ot^if
Benblsr,
Miijai.t
■llhW«!.ir.
MonkUivl, nsaiSlHgow,
51,0:450
4!
<^»,bunUngc«U4.
"
«..4^4
I-'
Jahuon,
BOJ^O
ion
AmotlM,
TItglnIs, Richmond, '
Dlinola, Otuwa,
^1e>>»m.
•I'alaeo
62,836 6
8.1
Dowtalg, iron -oik>,
17.6
3.0
z-^x^r'-
^i
2,6
Soolh
Miuhel,
Waku,
At«.^»™,
Unknomi,
siio
1.6
StMin eai!., nrj
Rhrmnej ind Trwieeer, oorto,
Minhrt,
81.0
4.
aoamcoal, P.mbrey A: Unolly,
" [mun]
n.
a.
Bolgltim,
Morw, Dour,
Burthhr,
OpB.I»-r^«g.
FnS«.,
AuTorgnc.SilnlEllenns,
Dauphin eQ„F»,R«UinB Ron,
JniDH,'
■4:
&
Lm.
78.1
7/
A™rtc
Marjbuid, SB»M«Rl«r,
Bnad-toi^
«k™,
7.
ie.4
7.1
B.:
.3!
South
SHithW.1«,N».hV^,
M«>l»t,
81.0
8,0
.0
W«l»,
" J:'^-&
„
B7
2.8
■|
Roger.,
11:1
MauchThuot,
SufBTloif
Rhode hluid. Porumoulh,
Lm,
Aaibru:\u.
AniKlM,
E;
or
7.0
■!
e:c
!i
"
Tsniuwr of iho Don Cnsucka,
}, ChledrfiHlllDniLiutlnggH.
• Ttflor, louaducttoa, p. I.
193
UNITED STATES.
[1851.
Table III. shows the specific gravity of a great variety of coals. The
third column gives the weight per cubic yard of solid coal, — not of coal in
its marketable state. It is observable that the specific gravity of any coal
increases as the quantity of bitumen decreases. It is also observable of the
Pennsylvania coals, that the specific gravity increases in going from west
to east.*
It may here be stated, that this table has been somewhat condensed from
Mr. Taylor's. Some of the other tables from the same author have been
slightly altered ; though it has not been thought necessary to specify these
alterations in every case. i
Table III.
o.S?5
o.h5
o >;
-XJ"^
■^
obIL
Locality.
Weigh
one cu
Yard in
Locality.
Specifi
Gravii;
Weigh
one cu
Yard in
I. Bituminous Ck>AL.
III. Anthracitb.
United Staiea.
United States.
Pennsylvania,
1.312
2,213
Ly ken's Valley, Pa.,
1.327
2,240
Virginia,
1.242
2,095
Lebanon Co., gray vein, "
1.379
2,327
Ohio,
1.270
2,140
Schuylkill Co., Lorb'ry c'k, "
1.472
2,484
Kentucky,
1.260
2,106,
Pottsville, Sharp Mount., **
Peach " "
1.412
2,382
Indiana,
1.260
2,126
1.446
2,440
Iilin6is,
1.273
2,146
" Salem vein, "
1.574
2,649
T&maqua vein, N., " .
1.600
2.700
Europe,
Mauch Chunk, "
1.560
2,615
England,
1.259
2,125
Nesquehoning, "
1.558
2,646
Scotland,
1.299
2,191
Wilkesbarre, besti "
1.472
2,484
France,
1.315
2,218
West Mahonoy, "
1.371
2,313
BelgiuiDi
1.285
2,166
Beaver Meadow, "
1.600
2.700
Silesia,
1.266
2,135
Girardville, "
1.600
2,700
Hazelton, "
1.560
2,615
Asia.
Broad Moantain, "
1.700
2,869
Bengal, Hurdwar,
136S
2,308
I^ckawanna, "
1.609
2,715
" Chirra Punjee,
1.447
2,441
Mansfield, Mass.,
1.710
2,883
Asaam, Kosya Hillii,
1.276
2,151
Portsmouth, R. L,
1.810
3,054
Aracan,
1.308
2,207
Europe.
Swansea, South Wales,
II. Semi-bituminous Coal.
1.263
2,131
Pennsylvania,
1.453
2,452
Ynia-cedwin, "
1.354
2,284
Maryland,
1.552
2,619
Ireland,
1.445
2,438
Tennessee,
1.450
2,447
France,
1.400
2,363
Table IV. is taken from Professor Walter R. Johnson's Report to the
Navy Department of the United States, on American Coals, as given by
Mr. Taylor. This table gives important information relative to the evapo-
rative power of various coals under the same bulk. " In steam navigation,"
says Professor Johnson, ''bulk, as well as weight, demands attention ; and
a difference of twenty per cent.^ which experiment shows to exist between
the highest and the lowest average weight of a cubic foot of different coals,
assumes a value of no little magnitude. This is obviously true, since, if
other things be equal, the length of a voyage must depend on the amount
of evaporative power afforded by the fuel which can be stowed in the
bunkers of a steamer, always of limited capacity.*'
* Taylor, Introduction, p. Iviii.
1851.]
STATISTICS OF COAL*
193
Tablb IV.
Adaipuaion ofdiffwmU FariedeM of Coal to the Purposes of Steam Jfamgation.
Claasification of Coals in the order of evaporatiye power under
equal bullea, to which is added the relative numerical rank of the
same coals under actual ufdghte, also in tho order of their speciflc
grayity, and of their marketable weight.
o
1
2
8
4
5
6
Names and Localities.
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
Atkinson's Cumberland,
Beaver Mead., Slope, V.,
Peach Mounuin,
Forest Improvement,
Easby's Cumberland,
N Y. and Maryland Co,
7lQaeea's Run,
Bloasburg,
NefTs Cumberland,
10 Easby's " coal in store."
Beaver Meadow, No. 3,
Navy Yard
Mixture 1-5 Cumb. and
4-5 Beaver Meadow,
Lehigh,
Ralston,
Summit Portage,
Mixture l-5MidLoth{an
and 4-5 Brav. Meadow,
Barr's Deep Run,
Lackawanna,
Kanhaus,
Stony Creek, Persever-
ance Seam,
Lyken's Valley,
Pictou,
Mid-Lothian average,
Crouche's pits,
MidLothian,900ft. sh'ft,
*' new shaft,
Pictou, Cunard's,
Chesterfield Companjr.
Mid-Lothian screened,
Natural Coke,
Creek Company,
Pittsburg,
Sydney,
JLiverpooI,
37 Scotch,
38Tippe«UKie,
39 Cannelton,
State, County, or
Country.
Maryland,
Pennsylvania,*
Schuylkill Co., Pa.,
((
Maryland,
Cumberland, Md.,
CiintoaCo., Pa.,
Tioga Co., Pa-
Maryland,
Cumberland; Md.,
Pennsylvania,
((
Pennsylvania,
Lycoming Co., Pa.,
Cambria Co., Pa.,
Near Richm'd., Va. ,
Pennsylvania,
Quality.
Dry bituminous,
AnthMte, white- ash,
" red-ash,
" white-ash,
Dry bituminous.
Dry free burning.
Moderately bitum.,
Free bum'g bitum.,
(< K
Anth'ite, white-ash,
«
«(
566.2
556.1
546.7
540.8
535.6
524.8
517.0
515.9
512.7
511.1
505.5
600.0
498 5
494.0
493.3
486.9
Dauphin Co., ^a.,
H it
Nova Scotia,
Richmond, Va.,
Mixed,
Anth'ite, white-ash,
Moderately bitum.,
Bituminous,
Mixed, 1481.1
Bituminous, 478.7
Anth'ite,white-ash 477.7
477.4
it
it
fngland,
irginia.
Nova Scotia,
Richmond, va.,
40 Clover Hill,
41 Coke of Cunberland coal
4!&Coke of Richmond coal,
43 Dry Pine Wood.
tt
ChesterridCo.,Va.,
Pennsylvania,
Cape Breton,
England,
Scotland,
NeorPetersb'gjVa.,
Indiana,
Richmond, Vo.,
Maryland,
Virginia,
Moderately bitum.,
Semi-bituminous,
Anthracite,
Bituminous,
((
(t
Fat bituminous.
Bituminous,*
((
tt
tt
tt
tt
It
Fat bituminous.
Bituminous,
Fat bituminous.
Bituminous,
Cannel,
Bituminons,
Coke,
472.8
459 7
450.6
448.5
445.0
439.6
433.7
418.6
417.9
410 9
408.7
395 3
391.8
384.1
378.9
376.4
353.8
350.2
348.8
347.4
284.0
^.6
98.6
1000
.982
.964
.955
.946
.927
913i
.911
9(16
.903
.8a3
.883
.880
.872
.871
.860
.850
.845
.844
.843
.835
.812
.796
.793
.786
.776
.766
.739
.738
.726
.722 22
.698
.692
.678
.669
.663
.625
.618
.616
.614
.502
.499
.175
1
7
3
4
6
9
2
10
12
5
15
18
16
23
24
14
25
19
8
17
13
11
33
35
3i
27
29
26
30
20
31
32
36
37
38
42
39
41
40
21
28
43
29
3
6
5
21
9
22
25
20
30
1
2
16
12
17
10
34
8
15
28
31
7
38
13
23
32
35
26
27
39
19
37
4
18
36
33
40
21
1
11
13
23
12
28
20
9
16
5
4
6
3
2
17
8
19
30
22
26
31
15
10
14
25
27
32
29
40
39
37
38
36
35
33
24
42
34
41
44
43
45
There are some discrepancies between the columns. Thus, in the last column, the num-
bers 7 and 18 are not found, and the numbers 44 and 45 are found, though not in the first
column.
17
Table T. ia alao teUen f
di&rcQt tinda of coal wer*
hibiU the relative rank of aii
KITES ITATEB. [18SI.
ID Prorewor Jolinaon'a Report. Forty-tno
le subjecta of experimaat, and tbi« table ex-
irincipal varieties of bituminous coal.
Tabli V.'
;"
11
i
i1
i
-
L
1
_5
s
_5_
%
y
ll
•a
Tubln VI. abows ibe imporlaliona of coal from Great Britain, British
America, and all olber plocea, into tbe United Sutea. Mr. Taylor has
three tablea on tbia aubject, from which ihia table i* compiled. Il is im-
possible to reconcile the diacrcpaaciBB wbicb these lablea contain. In
1843, for instance, one table gives Che gross importation as staled traloir;
nnotber makes it 75,103 Ions; yet opposile la ihia ia given the gross valua
aa $ 116,312, and Ibe value per ton aa $ 3.83, evldenllj contradiclary slate-
T*»i.B Vl.t
V«^.
,Ss!x;
MiSshippinrpon..
t™.
.iiWShlppl„rFar„
IRW
58,F.B2
«3.49
163,510
*2 37
36,509
lti41
155,:i!)4
ih;w
83,144
1842
141,521
im;«
2.61
1843
iw;m
2.18
1844
1k;«.
5!),972
3.39
1845
85,776
3.60
lH:ih
108,438
3.37
IH4fi
156,853
3.41
IK17
153,450
2.36
IH47
148,031
3.50
ift;«
129,083
340
1848
196,351
2.76
IH*J
Table VII. ia taken Irom the American Railroad Journal.] It exbibils
the production of Pennaylvania anthracite from the beginning of the trade
in 1820 to 184!), and shows how rapidly tbia Aiet, at first despised as worth-
lesB, has risen to its present important poaition among the products of
American industry. The column of totals, after the year 1834, includes,
beaidea the product ofthe five localilies in the table, a considerable amount
from Pine Grove and Lyken's Valley.
• Tartar, p. ISL
t tbid., p
12-14.
1 VuLY. p.l99,uidVoLVl.p
1851.]
STATISTICS OP COAL.
195
Table VII.
Years.
I Lehifrh.
Schuylkill.
Lackawanna.
Sharrtokin.
Wyoniing.
Total.
365
Iti^O
365
1821
1.073
1,073
1822
2,440
2,440
1823
5,823
5,823
1824
9,541
9,541
1825
28,396
6,500
34,896
1826
31,280
16,767
48,047
1827
32,074
31,360
63,434
1828
30J232
47,284
77,516
1829
25,110
79,973
7,000
^
112,083
1830
41,750
89,984
42,700
174,434
1831
40,966
81,854
54.000
176,820
1832
75,000
209,271
84,500
368,771
1833
123,000
252,971
111,777
487,748
1834
106,244
226,692
43,700
376,636
J835
131,250
339,508
98,845
575,103
1836
146,522
432,045
104,500
698,484
1837
225,937
523,152
115,387
887,632
1838
214,211
433,875
76,321
4,104
751,181
1839
222,042
442,608
122,300
11,930
823,479
1840
225,591
452,291
148,470
15,928
867,045
1841
142,807
585,542
192,270
22,154
964,255
1842
271,913
541,504
205,253
io,m«
47,346
1,107,732
1843
267,125
677,313
227,6Q5
9,870
57,740
1,262,532
1844
376,363
840,379
251,005
13,087
114,906
1,623.459
1845
430,993
1,086,068
266,072
10,1 :i5
178,401
2,002,877
1846
522,518
1,236,581
318,400
12,646
188,003
2,333,494
-1847
643,568
1,572,794
388,200
14,904
289,898
2,970,597
1848
680,193
1,652,834
434,267
237,271
3,063,503
1849
801,246
1,683,425
13,542,575
454.240
19,650
259,080
1,372,645
3,242,641
5,855,573
3,746,812
144,506
25,113,641
Table VIII. exhibits the retail prices of coal per ton in Philadelphia, New
York, and Boston. The ton, it will be seen, b different in Philadelphia
from that of New York and Boston.
Table VIII.*
Year.
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
la^o
Philadelphia.
Per Ton nf 2.240 lbs.
New York.
Per Ton of 2,000 Iba.
Bosion.
Per Ton of 2,000 lbs.
Lehigh.
^huylkill
Whiieaeh.
Schuylkill
Red-aish.
Schuylkill.
Lehigh.
Schuylkill Schuylkill
White-aah. Red-a.sh.
$5.50
6.50
4.50
5.00
3.62
375
t3.62
$3.25
3.75
• 3.25
$6.00
5.50
4.25
3.50
3.75
4.38
4.62
3.50
4.00
350
$ 8.70
8.58
8.00
8.45
7.16
5.96
5.56
6.50
700
6.60
$8 87
7.21
6.75
6.00
675
6.50
6.75
5.50
$8.75
6 96
6.25
675
5.00
5.75
5.00
$9.21
7.58
6.25
7.00
5.50
6.00
5.25
* Tft7lor, pp. 135, 138, and 163.
t To September, 1830.
196
0NITRD 8TATRS.
XVII.
[1851.
COLLEGES IN THE
Name.
Bowdoin,
Waterville*
Dartmouth,
University of Yermont,
Middleburr,
Norwich UniTereltj,
Hairard UniTenity,
Williams,
Amherst,
10Hol7Cro88,$
1 1 Brown University,*
12 Yale,
l3Trinity,t
14 Wesleyan University,!
16 CoIumbia,t
16 Union,
17 Hamilton,
18 Madison University,*
19 Geneva, t
20 University of New York,
21 St. John's,!
22St. Paul's.t
23 College of New Jersey,
24 Rutfl[erB,
25 Burlington,!
26 University of Pennsylvaiua,
27 Dickinson,!
28 Jefferson,
29 Washington,
30 Allegheny,!
31
32
33
34
36
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
5]
52
63
54
55
66
57
58
69
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
Pennsylvania,
Lafayette,
Marshall,
West. University of Penn.,
Delaware,
St. John's,
St. Marv's^
Mount St. Mary's,!
St. James's,!
Washington,
Georgetown,!
Columbian,*
William and Mary,t
Hampden-Sidney,
Washington,
University of Yirginla,
Randolph-Mac(Hi,I
Emory and Henry,!
Rector,*
Bethany College,
Richmond,*
Yirginia Military Institate,
University of N. Carolina,
Davidson,
Wake Forest,*
Cluurleston,
South Carolina,
Erskine,
Franklin,
Oglethorpe,
Emory,!
Mercer University,*
Christ Coll. and Epis. Inst.!
University of Alabama,
La Gramme,!
Spring Hill,!
Howard,*
Oakland,
University of Mississippi,
Mississippi College,
Centenary,!
Place.
Me.
((
N. H.
Vt.
i(
((
Maes.
«
«
R. L
Conn.
(<
(I
N.Y
«
((
({
tt
tt
tt
tt
N.J.
Brunswick,
Waterville,
Hanover,
Burlington,
Middlebury,
Norwich,
Cambridge,
Williamstown,
Amherst,
Worcester,
Providence,
New Haven,
Hartford,
Middletown,
New York,
Schenectady,
Clinton,
Hamilton,
Geneva,
New York,
Fordham,
College Point,
Princeton,
New Brunswick, "
Burlington, "
Philadelphia,
Carlisle,
Canonsburg,
Washington,
MeadviUe,
Gettysburg,
Easton,
Mercersburg,
Pittsbui^,
Newark,
Annapolis,
Baltimore,
Emmetsburg,
Near Hagereto'n "
Chestertown, "
Georgetown, D. C
Washington,
Williamsburg,
Prince Ed. Co.,
Lexington,
Charlottesville,
Boydton,
Glade Spring,
Taylor Co.,
Bethany,
Richmond,
Lexington,
Chapel Hill, N. C.
Mecklenburg Co. "
Wake Forest, "
Charleston, S. C.
Columbia,
Abbeville Dist.,
Athens,
Miliedgeville,
Oxford,
Penfield,
Montpelier,
Tuscaloosa,
La Grange,
Spring HiU,
Marion,
Oakland,
Oxford,
Clinton,
Jackson,
Peon.
((
tt
tt
tt
It
tt
it
tt
Del.
Md.
((
tt
It
Va.
it
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
Ga.
((
tt
tt
Ala.
((
tt
tt
Mies
tt
La.
Presidenta.
Leonard Woods, Jr^ D. D.
David N. Sheldon, D. D.
Nathan Lord, D. D.
Worthington Smith, D. D.
Benjamin Labaree, D. D.
Rev. Edward Bowers,
Jared Sparks, LL. D.
Mark Hopkins, D. D.
Edw. Hitchcock, D.D., LL. D
Rev. J. Early,
Francis Wayland, D. D.
Theodore D. Woolscy, LL. D.
John Williams. D. D.
Stephen Olin, D. D., LL. D.
Charles King,
Eliphalet Nott, D. D.
Simeon North, LL. D.
Benjamin Hale, D. D.
Geo. W. Bethune, D, D.
A. J. Thebaud, & J.
James Camahan, D. D.
Thea Frelinghuysen, LL. D.
George W.Doane, D. D., LL.D
John Ludlow, D. D.
Jesse T. Peck, D. D.
A. B. Brown, D. D.
David McConauffhy, D. D.
John Barker, D. D.
C. P. Krauth, D, D.
George Junkin, D. D.
John W. Nevin, D. D.
Heman Dyer, D. D.
James P. Wilson, D. D.
Hector Humphreys, D. D.
Rev. O. L. Jenkins,
John McCaflRney, A. M.
John B. Kerfoot, A. M.
E.F.Chambers, Pres.o/Trua]
Rev. James Ryder, D. D.
Joel S. Bacon, D. D.
Rev. John Johns,
Lewis S. Green, D. D.
George Jankin,
Gessner Harrison, Ch. ofFac.
L. C. Garland, A. M.
Charles Collins, A. M.
Charles Wheeler, A. M.
Alexander Campbell, A. M.
Rev. Robert Ry land,
Col. F. H. Smith, Suv^t,
David L. Swain, LL. D.
Samuel WilliamatMi, D. D.
John White,
WUliam P. Finley, A. M
Alonzo Church, D. D.
Samuel K. Talmage,
Geo. F. Pierce, D. D.
J. L. Dagg, D. D.
Charles Fay,
Basil Manly, D. D.
Edward Wadsworth,
John Bazin,
S. S. Sherman,
Jeremiah ChamlmlaiQ, D. D.
Rev. A. B. Longatreet, LL. D.
Rev. C. Parrish,
Rev. R. H. Rivers,
Foun-
ded.
1802
1820
1769
1791
1800
1634
1636
1793
1821
1843
1764
1700
\BSiA
1831
1754
1795
1812
1819
1823
1831
1841
1837
1746
1770
1846
1755
1783
1802
1806
1817
1832
1832
ia%
1819
1833
1784
1799
1830
1844
1783
1792
1821
1692
1783
1612
1819
1832
1839
1839
1840
1832
1839
1789
1838
1838
1785
1804
1785
1836
1837
1838
ia39
1831
1831
1830
1841
1830
1844
1841
1851.]
COLLEGES*
197
UNITED STATES.
1
In-
Btnict-
ors.
No. of
Alumni.
No. of
Minia-
ters.
Stu-
dents.
Volumes in
Libraries.
Commencement.
8
997
176
104
26,590
First Wednesday in September.
Second Wednesday in August.
2
6
267
82
76
8,100
3
9
2,668
650
221
16,500
Last Thursday in July.
First Wednesday in August.
4
7
416
134
96
10,000
6
6
877
397
63
6,000
Third Weduewlay in August.
6
6
100
10
59
1,700
Thurs. next afVer 3d Wedn. in August.
7
20
6,203
1,628
293
84,200
Third Wednesday in July.
8
9
1,317
420
177
12,412
Third Wednesday in August.
9
12
870
388
176
16,000
Second Thursday in August.
10
14
9
120
4,220
Last weeic in August.
11
9
1,725
460
156
31,000
First Wednesday in September.
12
23
6,932
1,662
386
49,000
Last Thursday in July.
13
9
257
117
66
9,000
First Thursday in August.
First Wednesday in August.
14
8
327
126
125
11,123
16
8
1,409
130
17,000
Wednesday after 4th Monday in July.
16
12
3,026
600
230
15,000
Fourth Wednesday in July.
17
10
658
173
149
10,300
Fourth Wednesday in July.
18
9
200
127
7,000
Third Wednesday in August.
19
6
131
26
42
6,400
First Wednesday in August.
20
11
320
161
4,000
Wednesday preceding 4th of July.
21
16
36
110
12,000
Second or third week in July.
22
11
330
29
2,800
Last Thursday in June.
23
16
3,031
667
243
16,000
Last Wednestlay in June.
24
9
613
77
76
1,500
Fourth Wednesday in July.
26
29
118
1,200
September 29th.
26
7
6,142
88
5,000
The 15th, 16ih, or 17th of July.
27
10
679
140
142
12,000
Second Thursday in July.
Second Wednesday in June.
28
8
1,000
227
197
10,000
29
8
441
105
3,300
Last Wednesday in September.
30
6
131
40
122
8,200
First Wednesday in July.
31
6
146
90
76
4,000
Third Thursday in September.
Third Wednesday in September.
32
7
101
30
82
5,000
33
11
94
32
81
1,300
Last Wednesday in August.
34
9
11
11
Last Wednesday in June.
36
6
71
19
46
5,500
Third Wednesday in July.
36
6
150
8
30
3,292
The 22d of February.
37
20
187
122
19,600
Third Tuesday in July.
38
24
137
126
4,000
Last Wednesday in June.
39
10
10
1
32
4,500
Last Thursday in July.
40
6
70
1,200
August 20l.h.
41
11
100
2
180
23,250
Near the last of July.
42
10
200
55
6,000
Second Wednesday in July.
43
6
6,000
July 11th.
44
6
1,500
26
8,000
Wednesday before 4th of July.
46
6
600
81
6,000
Third Thursday in June. ^
46
10
1,236
212
1,700
June 29th.
47
11
124
146
6,000
Second Wednesday in June.
48
4
66
6,640
Last Wednesday in June.
49
3
60
2,500
Last Wednesday in September.
60
6
16
113
July 4th.
61
6
72
1,200
Third Wednesday in December.
62
6
107
120
2,000
July 4th.
63
9
919
70
179
12,347
First Thursday In June.
64
3
31
44
1,160
Last Thursday in June.
66
3
11
6
24
4,700
Third Thursday in June.
Tuesday after 4th Monday in March.
First Monday in December.
66
6
124
70
2,000
67
68
69
8
3
219
83
125
1,700
8
693
69
11,000
First Wednesday in August.
60
6
53
1
45
3,000
Wednesday after 2d Monday in Noy.
61
7
112
12
145
3,000
Wednesday after 3d Monday in July.
62
63
6
4
16
61
36
3,000
Last Wednesday in July.
64
9
181
10
92
7,123
Wednesday after 2d Monday in July.
66
6
130
76
3,000
First Wednesday in June.
66
12
70
4,000
First day of February.
Fourth Thnrsckiy in July.
67
6
40
1,600
68
6
83
13
64
6,000
First Thursday in April.
09
6
76
760
Second Thursday in July.
70
Last Thursday in July.
Last Wednesday in July.
71
6
18
67
3,000
17
198
UNITED STATES.
[1851.
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
a3
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
96
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
106
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
Name.
St. Charles,!
Baton Rougei
Franklin,
Greenville,
Washington,
Unirersity of NashrUla,
FrankUn,
East Tennessee,
Cumberland UniyexBltj,
Jackson,
Union,*
Transylvania.
St. Joseph's,!
The Centre,
Augusta,!
Georgetown,*
Bacon,
Western Military Institute,
Shelby,
Ohio Unirersity,
Miami Unirersity,
Franldin,
Western Reserve,
Eenyon,t
Granville,*
Marietta,
Oberlin College,
Cincinnati,
St. Xavier.l
Woodward,
Ohio Wesleyan University,:
Indiana State University ,t
Hanover College,
Wabash,
Indiana Asbury University,!
St. Gabriel's,!
Franklin,
Illinois,
Shurtleff,*
McEendree,!
Knox,
University of St. Louis,!
St. Vincent's,
Masonic,
Missouri University,
St. Charles,!
Fayette,
College of Arts and Sciences
in iTniversity of Michigan,
St. Philip's,!
Wisconsm University,
Place.
La.
II
II
<i
II
II
Ky.
(I
Grand Coteau,
Baton Rouge,
Opelousaa,
Greenville, Tenn.
Washington Co., "
Nashville,
Near Nashville,
Enozville,
Lebanon,
Columbia,
Murfreesboro',
Lexington,
Bardstown,
Danville,
Augusta,
Georgetown,
Harrodsburg,
Blue Lick Springs,
ShelbyviUe,
Athens,
Oxford,
New Athens,
Hudson,
Gambler,
Granville,
Marietta,
Oberlin,
Cincinnati,
Cincinnati,
Cincinnati,
Delaware,
Bloomington,
South Hsinover,
Grawfordsville,
Greencastle,
Vincennes,
Franklin,
Jacksonville,
Upper Alton,
Lebanon,
Galesburg,
St. Loui^
Cape Girardeau,
Marion Co.,
Columbia,
St. Charles,
Fayette,
II
II
II
II
II
11
Ohio,
«
II
II
II
II
(I
II
II
II
II
II
Ind,
i(
II
II
II
II
HI.
11
II
II
Mo.
i<
i(
K
II
l(
Presidents.
Foun-
ded.
Ann Arbor,
Near Detroit,
Madison,
Mich.
«
Wise.
Th. Seller, S. J.
R. H. Ranny,
Othon Boudet,
James McLin,
Philip LIndsley, D. D.
Tbibert Fanning. A. M.
Joseph Estabrook, A. M.
T. C. Anderson, A. M.
a H. Ragsdale,
J. H. Eaton,
H. B. Bascom, D. D., LL. D.
J. M. Lancaster,
John C. Young, D. D.
J. Tomlinson. D. D.
J. L. Keynolos, D. D.
K S. Burnet.
Col. T. F. Johnson, A. M.
Rev. W. J. Waller, M. D.
Alfred Ryors, D. D.
£. D. Macmaster, D. D.
William Burnett,
George E. Pierce, D. D.
Sherlock A. Bronson, D. D.
Silas Bailey. D. D.
HenrV Smith, D. D.
Asa Mahan, A. M.
J. De Blleck.
Thomas J. Biggs, D. D.
Edward Thomson, D. D.
Andrew Wylie, D. D.
Sylvester Scovel, D. D.
Charles White, D. D.
L. W. Berry, D. D.
J. P; Bellier,
Geo. C. Chandler, A. M.
J. M. Sturtevant, D. D.
Adiel Sherwood, D. D.
Erastus Wentworth. A. M.
Jonathan BlanchanL
J. Van de Velde,
Hector Figari, C. M.
J. Worthington Smith,
John H. Lathrop, A. M.
John W. Robinson,
Archibald Peterson,
Professors in rotation,
Mr. Bowens,
John H. Lathrop,
1838
1836
1839
1794
1794
1806
1845
1792
1844
1833
1848
1798
1819
1819
1825
1840
1836
1847
1804
1809
1825
1826
1827
1832
1835
1834
1819
1840
1831
1842
1816
1829
1833
1839
1843
1837
1829
1835
1835
1837
1832
1843
1831
1840
1837
1837
1839
1849
The Colleges marked thus (*) are under the direction of the Baptists; thus (f), JSpisco-
palians; thus (t), Methodists ; thus (!), Catholics. With respect to the Colleges which
are unmarked, the prevailing religious influence of those that are in the New England
States is Congregationalisin ; of most of the others, Presbyterianism.
By Instructors, in the above table, is meant those connected with tlie undeigradoates ; and
by students, except the Roman Catholic institutions and a few of the Colleges in the South-
em and Western States, is meant undergraduates, or members of the four collegiate classes ;
not including such as are pursuing a professional education, or such as are members of a
preparatory department. Some of the Colleges above enumerated are not in full operation,
and scarcely deserve a place in the table. The column of Libraries includes the number of
volumes in the College Libraries and in the Students' Libraries.
From most of the Colleges returns have been received of their condition, Jan. 1, 1850. In
a few of the Colleges, the graduates of the collegiate year 1849-50 have been added.
^
No, nf
Us,;
Slu-
VolumMin
Ali.mul.
Ai,aa.
UOrariei.
T.
IT
no
49
4,000
■300
a.ooD
T
75
^Z
i
2
76
2:000
laa
67
23
48
I
sia
U
W
HWIO
W^iUriir'bsIbi M F^daj In Aogun.
17
160
a»tTh«Bd.7lnJul^ ' '
eleno
a
2500
76
19
«,5no
LamThutata^lnJun*.
L«slFnd.rtaJuiio.
a
Firel dar of Scpuinber,
Flm Wednegdar In Sepumber.
9
4,000
146
41
6;600
FiimW«lot«l.jinAuri«t.
9
103
SKondThniKlsyioAugom.
9
90
a[200
[AnW«liio«t>7 In SsplenibBi.
164
Second Thunday Id Iun«.
96
9>
160
113
48
44
60
?;om
6,000
laai Wodnesdaj to Jnlj.
Fourth Wedi»Bd» la August.
12
199
9
84
6,300
[0
17
F.id»Tl«ror.Jidy4tlL
LaslWedDBHiar IdJu^.
30
2'KIO
97
3,000
2,WI
Third Thurrfny In Aiigu.t.
Ttiursdaj neirem SOlhl uly.
ThlnlWednwdiy InJtil;.
17
S4
7a
2;™
.000
SocondThursdnylnJuLy.
a
93
Xl
3
13
'tm
sZ"Sw^'^y'',iJ'jSi7.
i
17
26
1 000
juir i6ih.
19
90
LmtTliunrfKjInJulT.
la
as
20
1
BO
?90
Last Thur^iT in SenlBmber.
FouithThuraanylnXuFuM.
Second Thonday In August.
78
6,316
rhitd Wednesday in lulj.
1^
4
ao
3,000
Plrslia'cnday In October.
AnnuiL CoLLEO
E Elf«5.«.
*«'
Coil. E^.
Charg*.
t^OO
» 46.00
39.
• 36.00
SSSffiiffffi;
60.00
1.00
K
4fl
WtMamlbliiTe,
Ji.
'■ ^-o"
12.00
DKITBD STATU.
XVUI. THEOLOGICAL SCHOOLS.
[1851.
BanoorTliauloBica] Semiiu
Melh. Gen. Rib. tnaiilula,
Theol. Inal. of ConiiKLicul,
Tliwl. Inal. EplK. Churcli,
Union Tlieologlcal Seminuf,
Tlwol.Som.oT Auburn,
illon Lil, uul Theol. lut
.. ™™rn' Tli«olo«ical ^hool,
"^iaorrheol. School of Va.,
JnlonTltMlnfii:alSeniiiiBi7,
rhenloiicaJ Ssminarv,
>f'ec«r"'nieoJogical Seminai;
{omrd Theol. Inslilulinn,
ThMl. ^[TKanyoti Collet,
Thsol. Dap. Was. Ru. Collogo
GnnrilleThwl Depanmeut,
Oberlin Theol. Depaninenl.
ThMl. Sam. Aaa Ref Church
Indiana Tbeolngiul Sam inBrr
Allon Theologieai SBinliary.
Congreialion.,
Msihodlai,
New Ha»an, Conn.
Matlaraburj, "
Allaghany T., ||
h
!i
1
i
111
IhIj
■J
in
m
I82S
1
AS
I
f.
i
as
IfilJ
3
M
m'mi
'a
Ksn
,m
VSS
mn
ira
j^
9
v%
e.ooo
I
m
%
4,601
isnc
ifi»
^
1,601
XIX. LAW SCHOOLS.
Nima.
S<udanl«.
f^amtirMga, »».,
Carliile. Pa.,
TuKilwaa, Ala.,
Cincinnati, Ohio,
Bloomlngton, Ind.,
Hamnl Univarailj,
College MNaw leanj,
William and Slui Colloga,
Univonllj' of Virginia,
North Carolina ifnlnnitj,
Unl'enlVofLouia'lUo,
CDmberlvid UniTonilj,
10
,89
1851.]
MEDICAL SCHOOLS, ETC.
SOI
XX. MEDICAL SCHOOLS.
Name.
Maine Medical School,
N. H. Medical School,
Castleton Medical College,
Vermont Medical College,
Medical School, Harv.Unir.,
Berkshire Medical School,
Medical Inst. Yale Colie^,
Coll. Phys.& Surg., N.Y^
Med. Inst. Geneva QoU.,
Med. Faculty, Univ. N. Y.,
Albany Medical College,
Med. Dep. Univ. Penn.,
JeSerson Medical College,
Med. Dep. Penn. College,
Philadelphia Coll. of Med.,
Med. School, Univ. Md.,
Washiniton Med. College,
Med. School, Columb. Coll.,
Med. School, Univ. Va.,
Richmond Med. College,
Winchester Med. College,
Med. Coll. State of S. C.,
Med. College of Georgia,
Med. College of Louisiana,
Memphis Medical College,
Med. Dep. Transylv. Univ.,
Med. Dejp. Univ. Louisville,
West'n Reserve Med. Coll.,
Medical College of Ohio,
Indiana Medical College,
Indiana Central Med.C^llega,
Rush Medical College,
University of Michigan,
Med. Dep. of St. Louis Univ.,
Med. Dep. of Missouri Univ.,
Place.
Brunswick,Me.
Hanover, N.H.
Castleton, Vt.
■Woodsiock,yt.
Cambridge,M8.
Pittsfield, •*
N. Haven, Ct.
N.York,N.Y.
Geneva, "
N.York, "
Albany, "
Philadel., Pa.
ft
((
Baltimore, Md.
« ((
Washington,
Charlottesville,
Richmond, Va.
Winchester, "
Charle9ton,S.C.
Augusta, 6a.
N. Orleans, La.
Memphis, Ten.
Lexington, Ey.
Louisville, "
Cleveland, Oh.
Cincinnati, "
Laporte, Ind.
Indianapolis,
Chicago, m.
Ann Arbor,
St. Ix>uis, Mo.
Columbia,
(<
Foun-
ded.
1820
1797
1818
1835
1782
1823
1810
1807
1835
1837
1839
1765
1824
1839
1807
1827
1825
1825
1833
1833
1830
1835
1818
1837
1844
1819
1849
1842
1849
1836
1840
Prof
5
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
8
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
3
6
5
8
7
7
7
7
7
6
8
7
9
6
5
9
7
Stu.
Grad
uates.
74
62
104
90
117
103
41
219
60
421
114
433
596
768
565
332
675
473
864
852
98
697
58
6,130
516 1,809
106
69
100
25
40
45
75
158
115
30
214
376
2.56
130
104
49
70
112
92
36'
220
909
81
14
124
1,351
63
355
331
19
10
16
68
Lectures commence.
February 16th.
lstor2dTh.inAug.
4th Thurs. in Aug.
1st Th. in March.
1st Wed. in Nov.
1st Th. in Sept.
7w''ks af.lastTh.Jul,
1st Mon. in Nov.
1st Tues. in Oct.
Last Mon. in Oct.
1st Tues. in Oct.
let Mon. in Nov.
1st Mon. in Nov.
October 14.
October
1st Mon
Ist Mon
1st Mon,
1st Mon
1st Mon
2d Mon.
2d Mon.
3d Mon.
3l8t.
. in Nov.
in Nov.
in Oct.
in Nov.
in Oct.
in Nov.
in Nov.
iii Nov.
1st Mon. in Nov.
1st Mon. in Nov.
1st Wed. in Nov.
Ist Mon. in Nov.
Ist Mon. in Nov.
October 28th. 1850.
Ist Mon. in Nov.
September 12.
October 15th.
1st Mon. in Nov.
XXI. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTE.
Corporation, ex officio.
Millard Fillmore,
Wm. R. King,
Daniel Webster,
Thomas Corwin,
Charles M. Conrad,
Wm. A. Graham,
Nathan E. Hall,
J. J. Crittenden,
Roger B. Taney,
Thomas Ewbank,
William W. Seaton.
Board of Rbobhts.
Wm. R. King, Vice-President,
Roger B. Taney, Chief Justice United States,
W. W. Seaton, Mayor of Washington,
James A. Pearce, U. S. Senator,
Jamee M. Mason, " "
Henry W. Hllliard, U. S. Repreflentative,
Wm. F. Colcock, "
It
<(
Graham N. Fitch, U. S. Representative,
Rufus Choate, Mass.,
Gideon Hawley, N. Y.,
Richard Ruijih, Penn.,
William C. Preston, S. C,
A. Dallas Bache, ) Members of
Joseph G. Totten, S Nat. Inst.
Offigbrs.
Wm. R. Kino, Chancellor.
ExecuHve Committer.
W. W. Seaton,
A. Dallas Bache,
James A. Pearce,
Building Committee,
Joseph G. Totten,
W. W. Seaton-
Joseph Henry, LL. D., Secretary.
Spencer F. Baird, AsBiatant Secretary, ,
Charles C. Jewett, Librarian.
SOSi
UNITED STATES.
[1851.
XXII. RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS.
According to returns made 1844 - 50, and by Estimate.
Names.
Churches.
Roman Catholics, ....
Proteatant Episcobaliana, . . .
Preiihyterians, Old School,
Presbyterians, New School, .
Cumberland Presbyterians,
Other classes of Presbyterians,
Dutch Reformed, ....
German Reformed, ....
Evangelical Lutherans,
Moravians,
Methodidt Episcopal,
Methodist Protestant Church,
Reformed Methodists,
Wesleyan Methodists, ....
German Methodists (United Brethren),
Ailbright Methodists (Evangel. Associa'n),
Mennonitea,
Orthodox Ck)ngregatlonaIi8ts, . . .
Unitarian Ck)ngregationalists, .
Universalists,
Sweden borgians, ....
Regular Baptists,
Six-Principle Baptists,
Seventh-Day Baptists, ....
Free-Will Baptists, ....
Church-of-God Baptists,
Reformed Baptists (Campbellites), .
Christian Baptists (Unitarians), .
Ami- Mission Baptists,
1,073
1,232
2,512
1,6.51
480
630
282
261
1,604
22
1,800
600
400
1,971
245
1,194
42
8,406
21
62
1,252
97
1,848
607
2,036
Ministers.
1,081
1,497
1,860
1,651
350
293
299
273
663
24
6,042
740
75
600
600
260
260
1,687
260
700
30
6,142
26
43
1,082
128
848
498
907
Communicants.
1,233,360
67,560
200,830
166,000
60,000
46.600
33;980
70,000
163,000
6,000
1,112,766
64,313
3,000
20,000
L^.OOO
15,000
68,000
197,196
30,000
6O,(J00
6.000
686,807
3,686
6,5M3
66,462
10,102
118,618
3,040
67,846
XXIII. Table exhibiting the Seats of Government^ the Times of the Election
of State Officers f and the Meeting of the Legislatures, of the several States,
States.
Seats of
Government.
Maine,
N Hampshire,
Vermont,
Massachusetts,
Rhode Island,
Connecticut,
New York,
New Jersey,
Pennsj^lvania,
Delaware,
Maryland,
Virginia,
N. Carolina,
S Carolina,
Georgia,
Florida,
Alabama,
Mississippi,
Louisiana,
Texas,
Arkansas,
Tennessee,
Kentucky,
Ohio,
Indiana,
Illinois,
Missouri,
Michigan,
Iowa,
Wisconsin,
California,
Augusta,
Concord,
Montpelier,
Boston,
^ Providence, )
/Newport, S
Hanrd&N.Hav.
Albany,
Trenton,
Harrisburg,
Dover,
Annapolis,
Richmond,
Raleigh,
Columbia,
Milledgevilla,
Tallahassee,
Montgomery,
Jackson,
Baton Rouge,
Austin,
Little Rock,
Nashville,
Frankfort,
Columbus,
Indianapolis,
Springfield,
Jefferson City,
Lansing,
Iowa City,
Madison,
San Jos6,
Times of Holding
Elections.
^ Monday in September,
2d Tuesday in March,
Ist Tuesday in September,
2d Monday in November,
1st Wednesday in April,
1st Monday in April,
Tu. after 1st Mon. in Nov.,
Tu. after 1st Mon. in Nov.,
■id Tuesday in October,
2d Tuesday in November,
Ist Wednesday in October,
4th Thursday in April,
1st Thursday in August,
2d Monday in October,
1st Monday in October,
Ist Monday in October,
1st Monday in August,
1st Mon. and Tu. in Nor.
1st Monday in November,
1st Monday in August,
1st Monday in August,
1st Thursday in August,
1st Monday in August,
2d Tuesday in October,
Ist Monday in August,
Tu. after 1st Mon. in Nov.,
Ist Monday in August,
Ist Tuesday in November,
Ist Monday in August,
Tu. after 1st Mon. in Nov.,
Tu. after 1st Mon. in Nov.,
Times of the Meeting of
the Legislatures.
2d Wednesday in May.
1st Wednesday in June.
2d Thursday in C^tober.
1st Wednesday in January.
S 1st Tuesday in May.
( Last Monday in October.
1st Wednesday in May.
1st Tuesday in January.
2d Tuesday in January.
Ist Tuesday in January.
IstTues. itiJtLa..biennially.
Last Monday in Dec. , bienn.
Ist Monday in December.
3d Monday in Nov., bienn.
4th Monday in November.
1st Monday in Nov., bienn.
1st Monday in Nov., bienn.
2d Monday in Nov., bienn.
Ist Monday in Jan., bienn.
3d Monday in Jan., biennT
December, bienn.
1st Monday in Nov., Inenn,
1st Monday in Oct., bienn.
Ist Monday in December,
let Monday in December.
1st Monday in December.
2d Monday in Jan., bienn.
Last Mon. in Dec, bienn.
1st Monday in January.
Ist Monday in Dec., bienn
Ist Monday in January.
1st Monday in January.
1851.]
GOVERNORS OF THE STATES AND TERRITORIES.
SOS
XXIV. GOVERNORS OF THE SEVERAL STATES AND
TERRITORIES,
Wi^ their Salaries, Terms of Office, and the Expiration of their respective
Terms ; the JVumber of Senators and Representatives in the State Legisla-
tares f toith their respective Terms.
States.
Maine,
N. Hampshire,
Vermont,
Massachusetts,
Rhode Island,
Connecticut,
New York,
New Jersey,
Pennsylvaaia,
Delaware,
Maryland,
Virginia,
N. Carolina,
S. Carolina,
Georgia,
Florida,
Alabama,
Mississippi,
Louisiana,
Texas,
Arkansas,
Tennessee,
Kentucky,
Ohio,
Michigan,
Indiana,
Illinois,
Missouri,
Iowa,
Wisconsin,
California,
Oregon Ter.,
MinesotaTer.,
New Mexico "
Utah Ter.,
Goreraofs.
John Hubbard,
Samuel Dinsmoor,
C. S. Williams,
George N. Briggs,
Henry B. Anthony,
Thomas H. Seymour,
Hamilton Fish,
Daniel Haines,
Wra. F. Johnston,
William Tharp,
Philip F. Thomas,
John B. Floyd,
David S. Reid,
W. B. Seabrook,
George W. Towns,
Thomas Brown,
Henry W. Collier,
John A.. Quitman,
Joseph Walker,
P. Hansborough Bell,
John S. Roane,
William Trousdale,
John L. Helm, Jict.j
Seabury Ford,
John S Barry,
Joseph A. Wright,
Augustus C. French,
Austin A. King,
Ansel Briggs,
Nelson Dewey,
Peter H. Burnett,
John P. Gaines,
Alexander Ramsey,
Brigham Young,
Salaries.
$1,500
1,000
750
2,500
400
1,100
4,000
1,600
3,000
l,333i
3,600*
3,33*3^
2,000
3,500
3,000
1,500
2,500
3,000
6,000
2,000
1,800
2,000
2,500
1,200
1,500
1,300
1,500
2,000*
1,000
1.250
10,000
3,000t
2.500$
2,500t
2,500J
I
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
4
2
2
4
2
4
2
4
2
2
3
4
4
4
2
2
4
4
4
4
Term
expires.
May 1851
June 1851
Oct. 1851
Jan. 1851
May 1851
May 1851
Jan. 1851
Jan. 1851
Jan. 1852
Jan. 1851
Jan. 1851
Jan. 1852
Jan. 1853
Dec. 1850
Nov. 1851
Oct. 1853
Dec. 1851
Jan. 1852
Jan. 1854
Dec. 1851
Nov. 1852
Oct. 1851
Sept. 1852
Dec. 1850
Jan. 1852
Dec. 1852
Jan. 1853
Nov. 1852
Dec. 1850
Dec. 1851
Dec. 1851
Aug. 1852
Mar. 1853
Sept. 1854
e
o
CD
C
eg
31
12
30
40
31
21
32
18
33
9
21
32
50
45
47
19
33
32
32
21
25
25
38
36
22
50
25
18
19
18
16
9
9
13
13
OS
0) QO
n «
93
151
286
2m
356
69
215
128
58
100
21
82
134
120
124
130
40
100
92
98
66
75
75
100
72
66
100
75
49
39 2
54
361
18
18
26
26
Jn all the States, except Virginia and South Carolina, the Governor is
voted for by the people ; and if no one has a majority of all the votes, in
the States in which such a majority is required, the Legislature elects to the
office of Governor one of the candidates voted for by the people.
* With the use of a furnished house,
t lachidlng $ 1,500 as Superintendent of Indian Affairs.
I Including $ 1,000 as Superintendant of Indian Aflfairs.
§ A Governor for New Mexico will not be appointed until the act establishing the Terri>
tory takes effect. See Abetracta of Public Laws, No. 23.
11
It
i
If
i!r
ii,
ill
si
- 'li
i
1851.]
RAILROADS.
SOS
The following roads are also completed : —
Name.
Dorchester and Milton,
Harvard Branch(to Cambridge)
Housatonic Branch, .
Lexington and W. Cambridge,
Newbury port (to Georgetown),
Salem and Lowell, .
South Reading Branch,
South Shore, .
Stockbridge and Pittsfield, .
Stony Brook (N. Chelmsford to
Groton),
StoughtoQ Branch, .
West Stockbridge,
Total,
Length.
}
325
0.69
11.00
6.63
8.56
16.00
11.50
22.00
13.16
4.04
2.76
99 58
When
completed.
1847
Dec. 1849
1846
1850
•1850
1850
1849
1849
1848
1845
1837
Cost.
$128,010
3,096
241,035
373,616
262,556 \
Expenses in
1849.
Receipts in
1849.
Leased to Old Col. R. 1847
Leased to FitchburgRallr.
Leased by Old Colony Railr.
Leased to Housatonic Railr.
Leased to Nashua &^ Lowell
Railroad at 6 per cent
93,433 Operat.by Boston & Prov.R
41,516 Leased to Berkshire R. Cor
The Woburn Branch, 2 miles long, belongs to the Lowell road ; the Med ford Branch, ^
miles, the Methuen Branch, 3 miles, and the Great Falls Branch (in New liampshire), 3
miles, to the Maine ; the West Roxbury Branch, 5.35 miles, and the Pawtucket Branch, 4.2
miles, to the Providence ; the Brookline Branch, 1.6 miles, the Newton liower Falls Branch,
25 miles, the Saxonville Branch, 4 miles, the Millbury Branch, 3.2 miles, and the Milford
Branch, 12 miles, to the Worcester; the Marblehead Branch, 3 miles, the Gloucester
Branch, 13.5 miles, and the Salisbury Branch, 3.4 miles, to the Eastern ; the Fresh Pond
and Watertown Branch, 6.75 miles, and the Lancaster and Sterling Branch, 9 miles of
which are completed, to the Fitchburg. The Worcester Branch road is half a mile in
length, the Bridgewater Branch, 6.5 miles, the Chicopee Branch, 3 miles, and the Granite (in
Quincy) road, 3 miles. Including these, the total length of what may be called the Massa*
chusetts roads is 1,216.57 miles. Besides these, there are many roads in process of construe*
tion, leading from the main lines in Massachusetts into other States. During the session
of 1846, the Massachusetts Legislature chartered eighteen roads and branches, with an aggre-
gate capital of • 5,795,000; during the session of 1847, sixteen, with an aggregate capital of
$4,822,000; during the session of 1848, nineteen, with an aggregate capital of 97,105,000,
and the capital stock of the railroads already in operation was increased f 3,945,000 ; during
the session of 1849, fourteen, with an aggregate capital of 1 2,470,000, and the capital stock
of the raiiroads in operation was increased $ 1,160,000; and during the session of 1850, three
roads or branches, with an aggregate capita] of $ 740,000, and the capital stock of the
roads in operation was increased 1 925,000.
2. Other Completed Railoads in Kew England.
State.
Name of Road.
Length.
C^ost.
Expenses
in 1849.
Receipts
in 1849.
Miles.
Maine,
Androscoggin and Kennebec,
Bangor and Piscataqiiis,
Portland, Saco, and Portsmouth.
55.00
•1,621,878
#29,926*
#39,158*
i<
11.75
350,000
ti
52.00
1,293,640
72,836
190,801
New Hampshire,
Eastern R. in New Hampshire,
16.80
493,082
39,400
<i *^
Concord, ....
34.50
1,386,788
148,934
296.908
((
Northern R. (including Bristol).
81.75
2,759,106
73,856t
145,040t
((
Manchester and Lawrence, .
23.60
717,543
24,104*
37,213*
n
Sullivan ....
25.50
Vermont, .
Rutland, ....
120.00
3,338,897
67,0621
34,3581
(( '
Vermont Central,
115.00
Rhode Island, .
Providence and Stonington,
60.00
2,614,484
Connecticut,
Hartford and New Haven, .
33.00
tt *
Hartford and Sprinfffleld, .
Housatonic Railroad,
20.13
€t
110.00
l€
N London, Williman'c&Palmer,
68.00
Total, .
•
821.83
* For six months, ending May, 1850.
I For five months, ending M&j 31, I860.
18
t For six months, ending November, 1849.
906 UNITKD STATES. [1861.
3. Principal Lines of Railroad in Proeets of ConttrueHon in Jfow EngUmA
and Jfew York, on the IH of September, 1850.
Name.
Atlantic and St. Lawrence, From Portland to the Canada line, which It strikes at the town
of Canaan, Vt., where it connects with the St. Lawrence and
Atlantic Railroad, which Is open from Montreal to St. Hya*
cinthe, 30 miles. Whole length, 166 miles. Open to South
Paris, 47 mileoi Branch from Mechanics' Falls to Buckfield ;
length, 13 miles. The whole of the road to the State Una
Is under contract
Kennebec, Bath, ab Portland, From Portland to Augusta. Length, 60 miles. There is a
branch to Bath, from Brunswick, 9 miles long, now open.
The road is open from Portland to Brunswick, 25 miles.
York and Cumberland, . From Somersworth, N. H., to Portland. Length, about 60 miles.
Graded from Portland to Gorbam, 12 miles.
Portsmouth and Concord, From Portsmouth to Concord, N. H. Length, 40 miles. Open
from Portsmouth to Raymond, 23 miles.
Concord and Montreal, . From Concord, N. H., via Haverhill, to a point of intersection
with some one of the Montreal roads. Length, 69 miles.
Open to Plymouth, 51 miles.
Concord and Qaremont, . From Concord, N. H., to Claremont, where it intersects the
Sullivan road. Lenfth, 60 miles. Open to Bradford, 25 miles.
Ashuelot, .... From Keene,N. H., to Vernon, Vt, 20 miles. Will be open in
October, 1850 (probably).
Oontoocook YaHby, . Open from Contoocookville, on tlra Concord and Claremont
road, to Hillaboro' Bridge, 14 miles.
New Hampshire Central, . From Manchester to its junction with the Concord and Clare-
mont road in Bradford. Open to Weare Oil-mills, 10^ miles.
Gocbeco, .... f!rom Dover, N. H., to Haverhill. Open to Farmington, 17
miles.
Great Palls and Conway, . From Somersworth, N. H., xia Rochester, to Conway. Open
to Rochester, 12 miles.
Peterboro' and Shirley, . From Groton, Mass., where it leaves the Fitchburg road, to Pe-
terboro', N. H. iiength, 30 miles. Open to the State line,
15 miles.
Connecticut and Passumpsic River, From the inouth of Wtdte River, at Hartford, Vt, up
the west bank of the Connecticut to the State line at Canaan,
where it will connect with the St. Lawrence and Atlantic road.
Length, 114 miles. Open to Wells River (Newbury, Vt), 40
miles. Will be opened to St. Johnsbury, Vt, by let Noven>
ber. Length, 60 miles.
Vermont and Canada, . From the Vermont Central Railroad, at Stanton's in Essex, Vt,
to the Ogdensburg road, at Rouse's Point Length, 40 miles.
Will be open in October, 1860.
Whitehall and Rutland, . From the Rutland road at Rutland, to Whitehall, N. T., 24
miles. Will be open in October, 1850.
Troy and Rutland, . . From the Whitehall and Rutland road at Castleton, Vt, to
Troy, N. T. Length, 80 nbiles. The whole road is under
contract
Connecticut Valley, . . From Bellows Falls to Brattleboro', Vt Length, 20 miles.
This is the connecting link between the Rutland and upper
roads, and the Oinnecticut River and lower roads.
Fitchburg and Worcaiter, Length, 12 miles.
18S1.] RilLROADS. fi07
Gnod JtucUm ud DntM, From d«p mUer a Eut SortOD to the WonwMc Btlbnujl la
Bclghlon. Lsnglb, 6.18 mlln.
Wlllon From NubTills. N. H., on thx Ni^nu ind Lowdl rotd, u> Wtt- .
Um. Open ut Dudbnh's Conwr, Ambent, N. H., 9 milee.
CuHl, .... From Nen Harm lo SprlngflehL OpenuTerKIVilLe, 4S milsc
NusetiKk, . . . Open rrom Bfldgepan, Conn., Co Wlnaled, 62 mlln.
Banfotd, ProTidenu, and Fiahklll, Open liaai PUinTlUe, Conn., to WlUimuUc. 43 milee,
Ogdenaburg, . . . From Ogdeneburj, N. T., lo Rmae'i Polnl on Leke Chem-
pl&to. Lenglli, 118 milee. Will be opened the Kliole lengUl
In Ocuitor, 1860.
Hndeon R1t«, , . From New York CItj u Altrnj. Length, ISO milee. Open
lo Poughiieejiele, TE mllei <rom New York.
New York end Erie, . Fn>m Hon York to lake Erie. Open to Comlnf, 301 milee
"" " " " "" w York to the Plet,
4. Jftie York Bmlnadt in 1849.
908
UNITED STATU.
[1851.
5. Other JUnlreada in ike United States.
State.
Name.
N.J.
«
ft
tt
(I
(f
(I
It
€t
Penn.
(I
tt
ti
It
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
It
tt
ft
ti
tt
It
tt
tt
tt
tt
It
It
tt
It
tt
tt
ti
tt
fC
tt
tt
tt
Del.
Md.
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
Va.
(I
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
N.C.
tt
It
&C.
((
Miles
in
liength.
Burlington and Mt. Holly Branch,
Camden and Amboy, ....
Trenton Branch,
New Brunewick Branch, ....
Camden and Woodbury,
New Jersey Central, ....
Morris and Essex (Newark to Dover), .
Paterson (to Jersey City),
Ramapo 9c Paterson (conn.at R. with Erie R. )
New Jersey (Jersey City to N. Brunswick),
Philadelphia and Trenton,
Philadelphia, Germantown, and Norristown,
Germantown Branch, ....
Philadelphia, Wiimineton, and Baltimore,
Philadelphia and Reading, .
Philadelphia and Columbia,
Phiisuielphia City, ....
Portage (Hollidaysburg and Johnstown), .
Valley (Norristown to Columbia),
West Chester (to (>olumbia Railroad),
Pitnnsylvania (Lancaster to Huntingdon),
Cumberland Vail. (Harristyg to Chambersb'g),
Franklin (ChambersburgtoHagerstown),
York and Wrightsville, ....
Strasburg (Cumb. Vail. R. to Strasburg),
Little Schuylkill (Port Clinton to Tamaqua),
Danville and Pottsville, ....
Little Schuylkill and Susquehannah,
Williamsport and Elmira (N. Y.), open 25 m.
Bloflsburg and Coming (N. Y.), .
Mt. Carbon,
Schuylkill Valley and Branches, .
Schuylkill (Schuylkill to VaUey R.),
Mill Creek (Port Carbon to coal-mine),
Minehill and Sdiuylkill Haven,
Mauch Chunk and Branches (to mines),
Room Run (Mauch Chunk to coal-mine),
Beaver Meadow (Parryville to mine),
Beaver Meadow Branch, .
Hazleton and Lehigh, ....
Neaquehoning (to Lehigh River), ..
Lehigh and Susquehannah,
Carbondale and Honesdale, .
Ly ken's Valley (Broad Mt. to Millersburg),
Pine Grove,
Frenchtown and Newcastle, .
Baltimore and Ohio (to Cumberland),
Frederick Branch, from Monocacy,
Baltimore & Susquehannah (to Columb.,Pa.)
Westminster Branch, ....
Baltimore and Washington, .
Annapolis and Elk Ridge,
Richmond, Fredericksburg, & Potomac,*
Richmond and Petersburg,
Central,!
Chesterfield (Richmond to coal-mines), .
Appomatoz (City Point to Petersburg),
Winchester and Potomac,
Portsmouth and Roanoke,
Greenville Sc Roanoke (Hickwford to (3aston)
Gaston and Raleigh, ....
Petersburg (to Welaon, N. C),
Wilmington and Weldon,
South Carolina (Charleston to Hamburg),
Branchville and Columbia,
Camden Br. (from B. & C. road to Camden*),
6
61
6t[
29
9
36
36
16
17
30
30
17
6
99
93
82
6
20i
10
134
66
22
13
7
23
44i
106
77i
40
7i
25
13
9
25
25
5i
26
12
10
6
20
21
16i
4
17
178
3
76
10
31
21
76
22|
71
12
12
32
78i
20
87
63
162
136}
68)
44^
Coot
t
3,200,000
680,000
400,000
600,000
Gross
Recelpla
inl84tl.
t
999 024
Ex pen-
see
in 1849.
2,000.000
500,000
11,531,447
4,204,969
1,783,000
1,250,000
326,500
600,000
300,000
396,117
100,000
150,000
481,613
1,250,000
170,000
600,000
7,623,606
3,370,282
1,650,000
400,000
1,458,219
875,405
150,000
196,556
509,416
1,454,171
284,433
1,600,000
1,800,000
5,943,678
146,291
1,241,206
125,869
635,312
363,176
118,773
644,634
• • . •
109,912
* Acqua Creek to Richmond, f From junction of Rich., Fred., & Potom. to Charlottesville.
1651.] IMHIGBATIOH TO THE UNITED STATEa IN 1848-49. 309
MIlH
BrwifiUauidCaliimblaOHWopgo},
C«tnl (SBTaniuh u> Macoa),
H*C0D and W«Wrii (Muon lo Atluu),
Bsoigla (Augmu lo AUuu), .
Athmi BniDch,
BniKta (Cki^u Wunalon),
Wattata k AUuuic ( A tlaiita uChaiianoogB^
MenpU) BniKhflhim V/.ltA. nod lo Kodm)
lUWumM and sL Mvlu. .
3k JoBii)i(Sl. Jwph lo Jala),
l"~— tornKj Bd WmI Poinl (lo Opdllu),
mblB and Dscatur, ....
Vldubnlgaod Jackson,
'vknn and BnndoD, ....
Clloioo ind Pon HadMo,
Meilcan Gulf (N. Orleani (a PiwlonTlIta),
Memptaliand LuTBDge,
LaiingtoDuidOhla (wFnnkfon),
T — ^--||)A4ndFnak1bn(opBi:iloLAgTafige),
Had Rlnr uid Uka Erie, .
9iiidu«ll/ and MaiuOald
"-' — ^HU and Laks Erfs (opui frora Maos-
U BalTldan)
0^ aadOi^mlni (span toWaUlDgtonJ,
CMnmlNu and Xanli, ....
Madlaon and IndlanapoUa, .
Sbalbf Till* Branch,
Ln_. 1 r,.., Cnion(Chicagolo EJ^n)
Sl.ChulMBnn^
"- ianam»Iciinn(Sprln«(Mdu>NBlM.
(Dalnit WNawBiAto), . .
IMuDwah Braneb,
of Nbw England md Saw Yorl
Qniid lotal lo tha DnlMd Slaua, .
XXVI. PASSENGERS ARRIVING
EBOK SOtu Siptivbeii, 1B48,
IN THE UNITED STATES
,a««.
Mai...
r=nulM.
Maud.
T.WI,
Maine,
Rhode IiTand,
New York,
M«jliod, .
Virginia, .
South Carolina,
Georgia, .
Alabim., .
Florida, .
16,960
63
138,954
8,096
4,649
710
110
113
41
16,072
280
a,03i
64
13,556
45
84,782
7,443
3,233
148
337
99
60
34
S44
2
43
61
93
4,775
143
29,780
110
813.736
16,511
8,072
'372
1,008
309
172
75
25,209
439
179,353
119,015
299,610
VHt-tU ITATH- [I8&1.
XXTII. COMPARATIVE VIEW OF
Annual
SWil
Total Debt.
laWMon
854,750
Debt.
New Himpahire,
- :
854,750
55,000
Nona.
Vermont, . .
None.
None.
HauachtiBetta, .
1,085,508
5,049,555
6,135,064
66,456
Khode Island, .
None.
Nona.
CuaneRlicul,
None.
58,212
New York. . .
22,804,216
1,233,905
24,038,]33
1,259,036
New Jersey,
67,595
67>5
4,075
PeDnsvIrania,
40,511,173
40,511,173
1,988,616
Delanrace, . .
None.
None.
Maryland, .
10,549,291
5,360,689
15,909,981
580,210
Virginia, . .
9,387,963
6,039.292
15,427,855
555,685
North Carolina, .
None.
977,000
South Carolina, .
2,310,896
2,310,896
138,654
?aL- . ■ . ■
1JJ28,472
1JJ28,472
110,223
None.__
None.__
Alabama,
418,627
5,000,000
136,000
14,857,565
It
78,914
Texas,
11
11
Arkangaa, .
180,000
153,670
177,426
Kentucky, .
269,859
Ohio,./ . .
U
1,147.854
Michigan, . .
i
175,000
Indiana, . .
199,331
Illinois, . . .
If
1<
Miwouri, . .
75,000
In«^ . . .
5,600
Wiuonain,
None.
California, .
330,000
390,000
96,000
Total, . . .
169,549,33*
38,756,218
309,305,552
7,677,646
Total, neat Jan.l, 1849
170,749,453
40,602,979
311,252,432
7,884,035
Toul, " " 1848
169,776,030
35,932,008
205,708,038
8,521,671
Total, " " 1847
166,129,900
61,781,654
316,911,554
.9,072,939
Total. " " 1846
179,635,022
44,388,805
224 023,827
9,930.052
These tables are believed to be very accumtJB, being compiled alinoft
excluaively from official reports mode by ihs Treasurers and Auditors to
the Legislatures of the Beveral Stales, neat the Ist of January, 1850. The
account of the State debts, in particular, is full, and may be depended
npoD ; tbal of the several kinds of property owned by the States of coar*e
is more detective, — tor the State archives seldom afford complete materials
for accurate accounts of this sort, and tba property is sometimes estimated
at a nominal valuation, which ii much above iu market value. The editor
of the American Almanac respectfully invites his dorrespondenls in the
1851.] FINANCES or THE STATES.
THE FINANCES OF THE STATES.
911
Ordinary annu-
Amount
Other
Other Property
al Expenditure
Stataa.
of
Productiye
not now
exclusiye of
•
School Fimd.
Property.
Productiye.
Debts and
Schools.
Maine, . . .
• 350,000
700,000
t
150,000
New Hampshire,
None.
None.
80,000
Vermont,
None.
None.
100,000
Madsachusetts, .
904,340
10,728,217
1,315,000
450,000
Rhode Island,
300.0
60,000
Connecticut,
2,076,602
406,000
115,000
New York, .
6,524,050
33,214,568
750,000
New Jersey,
377,413
262,397
764,670
90,000
PennsylTania,
32,152,754
w
350,000
Delaware,
225,000
190,000
11,000
Maryland, .
5,2.92,235
15,495,451
170,000
Virginia, .
1,561,560
7,379,455
4,475,359
670,000
North Carolina,
w w
75,000
South Carolina, .
4,910,030
115,000
Georgia,
262,300
10,000
15,635
131,000
Florida, .
»
45,000
Alabama,
995,220
2,876,907
100,000
Mississippi,
2,000,000
130,000
Louisiana, .
2,416,938
615,000
Texas,
100,000
Arkansas,
76,121;
Tennessee,
1,346,068
4,837,430
1,101,390
165,000
Kentucky, .
1,299,268
3,520,500
250,000
Ohio,
615,625
18,000,000
200,000
Michigan, .
500,000
889,229
125,000
Indiana, .
715,748
80,000
Illinois,
125,000
Missouri, .
675,668
110,000
Iowa, .
132,909
•
25,000
Wisconsin,
2,780,912
20,000
California, .
*
500,000
Total, .
21,542,683
125,369,722
27,584,443
5,673,121
Total, near Jan.1,1849,
21,420,275
118,508,448
28,236,755
5,258,652
Total, " " 1848,
20,338,246
111,638,746
31,496,469
^,062,310
Total, « " 1847,
17,631,553
108,643,384
30,660,945
5,435,285
Total, «« " 1846,
16,608,719
110,396,552
23,232,715
5,455,186
several States to communicate such errors as they may detect in these ta.
bles, as they will be republished in the volume for 1852 in a revised and
perfect condition. The object here is to give only a summary of the facts,
so as to afford the means of comparing the States with each other. Their
financial condition is shown at much greater length under the head of
** Individual States.* Official returns published in this work for 1843
(page 135) show that the total of the debts of the States in 1842 was
% 198,818,736. It is apparent, then, that there has been no great reduction
of these debts.
XXVIII. POPULATION OF THE 0NITED STATES.
XXIX.
SLAVES IN THE UNITED STATES.
at».
17B0.
1800.
1810.
ISSO.
1830.
1840.
MataK
a
N^aui^rfdBi,
"
8
!
f^dThSr'
3S1
loe
17
(
S,7S9
stsM
^"■JS
16,017
'S'S^
76
iewJ««i.
ll,«i3
18.422
10,661
7,667
3,264
3T3T
6
8,887
elifB
4.177
4,609
S,29*
B,e06
iS^te
103,03*
106,636
111,602
ior,BBe
294
flS,737
SB3 427
392,6ie
426,163
46<
448 987
100 Bra
133'jSe
168,SS4
296,017
23(
246,817
kiuih^nU^
10rJ3M
146,161
196,366
401
327 038
^^^
1»;2B4
5B,4M
loe.aie
149;6.«
4I,B7B
ii;
ill
^,M
^^S^'
3,489
fcs
gS
61
i
19B>1
168,462
Arbin^
BTB
19.936
3,417
80,107
w
183.0S
llentuckT,
iilsso
40,343
80,561
126,732
182,26
Ohio. '
Sir
' 13S
■ b4
S37
i
UllDOlT
168
117
331
u^^
3,011
10.222
2G,oei
58.»tC
MlTTdriamW^
9,914
6,3»
6,3n
«'u.?
PlorMs,
16,601
26;717
16
T91.1,
697,897
693,041
1,1B1,SB4
1,638,064
2.009,031
i.4e7,36J
INDIVIDUAL STATES.
I. MAINE.
Government for the Year ending the 1st Wednesday in January^ 1852.
Salary.
of Hallowell, Governor (tenn expires on
in January, 1852), $ 1,500
John Hubbard,
the first Wednesday
John G. Sawyer,
Samuel Cony,
Alfred Redington,
Elisha M. Thurston,
Anson P. Morrill,
William Bennett,
James Bates,
John Hodgson,
Moses Sherburne,
Paulinus M. Foster,
Albert H. Small,
Samuel Belcher,
Edmund W. Flagg,
Edward S. Osgood,
Leander Valentine,
John Babson^,
John Harriman,
John Wilshire,
Benjamin Wiggin,
Henry Partridge,
of Augusta,
of Limerick,
of Augusta,
of Charleston,
of Readfield,
of Ellsworth,
of Augusta,
of Houlton,
:;i
Secretary of State, 900
Treasurer, 900
Adjutant- General, 200
Sec. of Board of Education, 1 ,000
Land Agent, 1,000
Warden of State Prison, 700
Sup't of Insane Hospital, 800
f Ph'ir ^ Bank Commissioners.
of North Anson, President of the Senate, ^ 4 per day.
of Newry, Secretary of the Senate,
of Farmington, Speaker of the House, 4 ''
of East Corinth, Clerk of the House.
of Fryeburg,
■ ofWestbrook,
of Wiscasset,
of Wiscasset,
of St. Albans,
of Bangor,
of Orland,
a
*■ CoundUors*
Ether Shepley,
John S. Tenney,
Samuel Wells,
Joseph Howard,.
Henry Tallmau,
Asa Redington,
Judiciary.
Supretne Judicial Court.
of Portland, Chirf Justice,
of Norridgewock, Justice,
of Portland,
of Portland,
of Bath , Attorney- General,
of Augusta, Reporter,
C(
(C
$1,800
1,800
1,800
1,800
1,000
.1,000
914
MAINE.
[1861.
District Courts, . Salary.
JoMph G. Cole, of Parii, Weitern District, Judge^ $ 1,200
Richard D. Rice, of Augusta, Middle '' '« 1,200
Jodiua W. Hathaway, of BaDgor, Eastern «' «« 1,200
Municipal and Police Courts,
Luther Fitch, of Portland ; Jacob Smith, of Bath ; Spencer A. Pratt, of
Bangor ; Frederic Greene, of Saco ; Benj. A. G. Fuller, of Augusta ; Geo.
W. Batchelder, of Gardiner; and J. C. Crocker, of East Thomaston, are
Judges in these places respectively. Some are paid by salaries, others by
fees.
Probate Courts,
Counties.
Yoric,
Cumberland,
Lincoln.
Hancock,
Washington,
Kennebec,
Oxford,
Somerset,
Penobscot,
Waldo,
Franidin,
Piscataquis,
Aroostook,
Judffes.
Wm. C. Allen,
Joeiah Pelrce,
Arnold Blaney,
Parker Tuck,
J. C. Talbot.
Daniel Williams,
Lvman Rawaon,
Charies Greene,
E. 6. Rawson,
Joseph JUiller,
Moses Sherburne.
Ephraim PMkara,
S. 6. Tuck,
Residences.
Alfred,
CSorham,
Bristol,
Sedgwick,
£. Machias,
Augusta.
Rumford,
Athens,
Bangor,
Lincolnrille,
Phillips,
Blancliard,
HajnesviUe,
Sal-
ary.
• 400
600
a50
300
300
450
aoo
200
aoo
200
135
160
Registers.
Joshua Herrick,
F. Bradford,
Edwin S. Horey,
Warren King,
Albert G. I^e,
Wm. R. Smith,
W. U. KimbaU,
Albert Moor,
Jas. F. Rawson,
Charles Palmer,
Jos. A. Linscott,
Sherb. W. Elliot,
Theodore Gary,
Residences.
Kennebank,
Portland,
Thonoaston,
Tr«iton,
Machias,
N. Anaon,
Bangor,
Belfast,
Phillips,
Dover,
HoultoD,
Sal-
ary.
• 620
906
660
300
400
700
360
300
560
300
160
125
166
FiNAKCZS.
(Eztraeted ftom the Report of the State lYeasiiier.)
Amount of receipts from May 1, 1849, to April 30, 1850, inclusire, .
Balance of cash in the Treasury, May 1, 1849,
Amount of expenditure ftom May 1, 1849, to April 30, 1850, inclusive,
Learinff a balance in the Treasury, April 30, 1860, of . . .
Principal Itema of Expenditun.
Pay of the Legislature, . . ^41,690.00
Expenses of the Executive, . 6,007.93
Salaries, 26,163.02
Clerks, 2,800.00
RoU of accounts, . 13,044.30
Printing, binding, and stationery, 2,600.00
Costs in criminal prosecutions, . 23,673.66
Officers of the State Prison, . . 4,766.26
Insane Hospital, . 1,619.60
Deaf, dumb, and bUnd, . . 9,760.09
School fund, No. 16^ . . . 24,435.56
Teachers' Institute, . . . 2,600.00
Board of Education, . . . 786.00
Penobscot Indians fund, . . 4,187.33
Agricultural products to IndlaoS) 819.80
Indian annuities, . . . 1,600.00
State roads and bridges, . . 1,800.00
Militia pensions, . . . 2,123.00
Maine Reports, .... 1,660.00
Eastman's Digest of do., . . ],876u00
Agricultural Societies, .
County taxes, .
Furniture and repairs, .
Contingent fund of Treasurer,
State Prison, ....
Public debt paid.
Interest on debt, .
Temporary loan,
% 825,688.25
79,038.26
604,726.62
478,802.45
1 25,924.07
604,726 52
. 2,202.90
24,479.92
. 1,100.00
1,000.00
. 3,300.00
. 124,260.00
. 61,674.29
82,360.00
GM^ Soureea of Income.
Direct taxes, 190,976 00
132,340.96
. 2,009.30
27,230.27
. 14,608.14
8,100.00
. 7,726.00
3,678.08
700.00
2,l7a00
Land-office,
Permanent school fund.
School fund. No. 17, .
County taxes.
Interest on U. S. loan,
Premium on V. S. stock sold,
Interest, ....
Bank dividends, .
Duties on commissions, .
1851*] NEW HAMPSHIRE. 915
Tlierevoiircas of the State are estimated at ... • • . #819,267.39
Among which are enumerated, besides cash on hand and the paroceeds of annual
taxes, 100 shares in the Augusta Bank, 10,000.00
U. S. six per cent, stock due 1866, 20 000.00
Whole amount of public debt, t864 7B0.00
Interest on the same, about 55 00O.OO
Banks in ilfotne.— In November, 1819, there were 33 banks in opeiation, with a ca{iitd
stock of #3,148,000; circulation, •2,136,394; depoeits, #1,076^; profits undijide^
• 216,913; loans, $6,044,906; due from other banks, i 678.356; foreign bills, i 171,614 1
specie, •388,219. Average rate of diridends, 8 per cent. Average expenses per bank, ex-
elusive of rents, • 1,960.
State Prison, Thonuuten. ^WMam Bennett, Warden ; Daniel Rose, Phyeidan; Dan-
iel Small, Chaplain. Number in prison, April 30, 1849, 67; received since, 31 ; total, 9a
There were discharged, by expiration of sentence, 17; by pardon, 5 ; 1 died, and 76 romalHi
April 30, 1860. 4 were committed for arson, 6 for burglary, 2 for forgery, 49 for larceny, 6
lor murder, 1 for passing counterfeit money. The whole number received into the prison
since July 2, 1824, is 981.
Maine Insane Hospital^ Augusta. — Dr. James Bates, Superintendent; Joshua S. Tur-
ner, Steward and Treasurer. There were in the hospital, March 31, 1849, 127 patients)
received during the year, 126 ; total, 263, of whom 142 were males, and 111 females. There
were discharged during the year, recovered, males 38, females 28; improved, males 10,
females 10; unimproved, males 8, females 8; died, males 8, females 7. Of the 126 admitted
during the year, 64 were married, males 35, females 29 ; 50 were single, 28 males, 22 females ;
and 12 were widows. 97 liad been diseased less than one year, and 29 more than one year.
The expenses of board, washing, medical attendance, &c., in ordinary cases, will not ex-
ceed, per week, $2.60 for males, and • 2.25 for females.
Common Schools, for the year ending April 1, 1850. — Number of persons in districts re-
turned (about ( of the towns), between 4 and 21, 194,095; average attendance in sum-
mer, 110,609; in winter, 102,486. Number of school districts returned, 3,360; of school-
houses, 3,063 ; average length of schools for the year, 19.2 weeks. Whoie number of teach-
eiB, 6,989 (2,464 males, 3,636 females) ; average wages of males, • 16.66 a month ; (tf females,
•5.84. Amount raised by taxes for support of schools, • 221,923.66, being H 6$i,384.23 mora
than the lowest amount required by law.
Reform School. — Under resolves of the last Legislature (1860), Hugh J. Anderson, of
Belfast, John W. Dana, of Fryeburg, and Henry Carter, of Portland, have been appointed
commissioners to establish a reform school, and construct buildings therefor.
An amendment of the Constitution, authorizing the restoration of the winter sessions of
the Legislature, was submitted to the people in ^ptember, 1860, and passed by a large ma*
jority. The fvesent legislative year extends to January, 18£^
11. NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Government for the Year endings on the let Wednesday ofJune^ 1851.
Salary.
Samuel Dikshoor, of Keene, Governor^ iffiflfHO
JohnL. Hadley, ofWeare, Secretary qf Siate^ 800
Jesse A. Gove, of Concord, Deputy See, of State^ Fees.
Edson Hill, of Concord, Treasurer ^ 600
216 NEW HAMPSHIRE. [1851.
Salary.
John Sullivan, of Exeter, AUorney- General^ $ 1 ,200
John Wadleigh, of Meredith, Adjutant- General^ 400
Richard Jennen, of Portsmouth, Pres, of the SeruUe, $2.50 per day.
N. B. Baker, of Concord, Speaker of the House^ $ 2.50 per day.
John H. George, of Concord, Clerk of the Senate^ Fees.
Thomas J. Whipple, of Meredith, CUrk of the House, Fees.
Butterfield & Hill, of Concord, State Printers.
Jospeh L. Locke, of Rye, Commissary- General.
Executive CouncU,
Counties. Oouncillora.
1st District, I ^^'^^° t ^ack,^^ I Greenleaf Ciark, of Atkinson.
2d a j Strafford^ Bel^knap, and > DanaWoodman, of NewHampton.
«l ^ C Hillsborough and part > John L. Hadley, of Weare, now
J of Merrimack, 5 Secretary of State.
4th *' Cheshire and Sullivan, Alvah Smith, of Lempster.
5th ** Grafton and Coos, Simeon Warner, of Whitefield.
JUDICIART.
The Superior Court of Judicature consists of a chief justice and four as-
sociate justices, who hold one term annually in each of the ten counties of
the State, for the hearing and determining of questions of law and petitions
for divorce. This court is also vested with chancery powers.
The judges of the Superior Court of Judicature are, ex officio, judges of
the Court of Common Pleas. This court, before whom all actions for the
recovery of debts and the enforcement of contracts, and all jury trials, are
brought, consists of one of the justices of the Superior Court, and of two
county judges, who are generally appointed from among the yeomanry,
whose principal duty it is to attend to the ordinary business of the county,
its roads, expenses, &c. Terms are held semiannually, in each of the
counties.
Superior Court.
^ Appointed. Salary.
John J. Gilchrist, of Charlestown, Chief Justice, 1848 $1,400
Andrew S. Woods, of Bath, Associate Justice, 1840 1^0
IraPerley, of Concord, •« 1850 1,200
Ira A. Eastman, of Gilmanton, «< 1849 1,200
Samuel D. Bell, of Manchester, « 1849 1,200
William L. Foster, of Keene, Reporter,
1861.]
NliW BAMPSBIEE.
Judges of the Court of Common PUas,
9V
Counties.
Justices.
RockiDgham,
Strafford,
Belknap,
Carroll,
Merrimack,
Hillsborough,
Cheshire,
Sullivan,
Graflon,
Coos,
C Bradbury Bartlett,
( James Pickering,
J George L. Whitehouse,
( Hiram R. Roberts,
( Thomas Cogswell,
( Henry Y. Simpson,
i Thomas Rust,
\ Thomas P. Drake,
i Benjamin Wadleigh,
I Jacob A. Potter,
i Jacob Whittemore,
( Jesse Carr,
( Horace Chapin,
I Nathan G. Babbitt,
( Ambrose Cossit,
I Eleazer Jackson,
( David C. Churchill,
( Oscar F. Fowler,
Nahum D. Day,
Robert Ingalls,
Residence.
I
Nottingham,
Newington,
Farmington,
So mers worth,
Gilmanton,
New Hampton,
Wolfeborough,
Effingham,
Sutton,
Concord,
Antrim,
Goffstown,
Winchester,
Westmoreland,
Claremont,
Cornish,
Lyme,
Bristol,
Northumberrd,
Shelburne,
Salary.
s
9
O .
OS
Si
s "*
no CD
00
Courts c
/ Probate,
•
Counties.
Judges.
Salary.
Registers.
Salary .
Rockingham,
Ira St. Clair,
$334
James H. Shapley,
$462
Strafford,
Chas. W. Woodman,
167
John H. White,
233
Belknap,
Warren Lovell,
142
Jeremiah Elkins,
183
Carroll,
Jonathan T. Chase,
142
Obed Hall,
183
Merrimack,
Horace Chase,
245
Calvin Ainsworth,
345
Hillsborough,
Luke Woodbury,
334
Lemuel N. Pattee,
464
Cheshire,
Larkin Baker,
225
Geo. F. Starkweather,
300
Sullivan,
John L. Putnam,
175
Ralph Metcalf,
225
Graflon,
Eleazer Martin,
275
Samuel Swasey.
380
Coos,
Benjamin Hunkin,
100
George A. Cossit,
125
Finances.
[From Treasurer's Report, June 5, 1850.]
Chief Sources of Income.
Balance in Treasury, June 6, 1849, • 6,126.80
Railroad tax, . . . . . 49,414.96
Money borrowed,
Civil commissions (fees), . . 175.00
State tax for 1849, and previous years, 59,547.21
AUowanca by United States of In-
dian Stream claim, . . 6,362.56
Principal Items of Expenditure.
Salaries, Executive and Judiciary, i 19,018.35
Pay of Senate,
Pay of Representatives,
For money borrowed,
61 ,400.00 State printers, .
Publishing laws,
1 1,078.60
20,127.40
68,146.83
2,961.60
380.50
N. H. Asylum for Insane (building), 16,000.00
Perkins Institution, — Education of
bUnd, 760.00
American Asylum, — Education of
deaf and dumb, .... 2,076.00
8g5_40.Officer8* School of Instruction,
7,731.20
Pay of Council, ....
Total receipts for the year ending June 5, 1850, $172,056.66
Total expenditures for the same period, . 167,011.68
Balance in Treasury, Juns 6, 1850, ....... 6,044.92
19
918 NEW RAMP8HIBK. [1851.
Stale tfUu TVfOfiify, JuM 6, 1860.
Total amount of available funds, i 5,603.86
Total amount of iodebtednesa, 26,601.67
Balance against the Treasury, 20,997.81
Banka. — The condition of the hanks, on the first Monday in June, 1850, was as follows : ~>
Capital actually paid in, #2,228,950; real estate, $47,388.01; debts due the banks,
#3,796,496.38; debts due from directors, #44,877.28; specie, #128,686.61 ; bills of other
banks, #66,141.24; deposits in the banks, #381,528.00; deposits in other banks for the
redemption of bills, #333,622.58; circulation, # 1,628,106. The whole number of banks ia
the State is twenty-two.
Common Schools,
The present school law is in the fourth year of its existence. At the June Session (1850)
of tlie Legislature, the office of School Oomroissioner was abolished, and County ScIkxA
Commissioners were created, to constitute the Board of Education. The commissionen
are, —
Rockingham. — Zeb. Jones, of Hampton Falls.
Straflford.— John S. Woodman, of Rollinsford.
Belkni^. — Giles Leach, of Meredith.
Oarroll. — Sanborn B. Carter, of Ossipee.
Merrimack. — Hall Roberts, of Concord.
Hillsborough. — Geo. W. Moore, of Amherst.
Cheshire. — Joseph Perry, of Eeene.
Sullivan. — IX H. Sanborn, of Washington.
Grafton. — Charles Shedd, of Campton.
Coos. —-R F. Whidden, of Lancaster.
The returns for the yean ending May 20, 1849, and June 1, 1860, giro the following sta*
tistics, to wit : —
1849. 1850.
Whole number ofschool districts reported, .... 2,137 2,167
Number of scholan aboTS 4 yean of age attending school two
weeks, 78,863
Number of scholars in the winter schools, 80,072 77,806
Average attendance in the winter schools, .... 69,812 60,271
Numberof scholars in the summer schools, .... 64,036 . 61,498
Average attendance in the summer schools, .... 47,084 46,225
Average length of the winter schools in weeks, .... 9.8 9.8
Average length of the summer schools in weeks, ... 8.5 9.4
Average monthly wages of male teachera, exclusive of board, . #14.13 #14.73
Average monthly wages of female teachero, exclusive of board, # 5.95 # 6.21
Number of male teachen employed in the winter schools, . • 1,316 1,246
Number of female teachera emjrioyed in the winter schools, • 807 961
Amount of money raised by taxes for the schools, . . ' # 132,771 .22 # 146,892. 12
Amount contributed in board and fuel, 7,519.44 9,73^12
Income of local funds, 6,287.62 8,097.42
Amount of literary fund, 10,452.10 10,790.00
Amount raised for the Teachera' Institute, about . . 1,500.00 1,020.52
Whole amount raised for the district schools during the
year, 169,430.38 174,617.66
Increase above the previous year, ..... 10,000.00 15,087.28
State Prison^ Concord. —Rufus Dow, Warden, salary, #800; Rev. Eleazer Smith,
Chaplain; William Prescott, M. D., Physician. Whole number of convicts in prison.
May 31, 1849, 82. Received since, 36. Whole number, 118. There have been discharged
during the year, by expiration of sentence, 10; by pardons, 14; death, 2; insane, 1;=27.
Leaving in prison, May 31, 1850, 91. Of those remaining in prison, 88 are males, and 3
an females. The agea of the convicts at the time of their conviction were as follows: ^
1851.] VBRMOMT* S19
from 15 to 20, 26; 20 to 30, 3?; ao to 40, 19; 40 to 5Q, 8; 50 to 60, 2 ; 60 to 70, 1. Of the
convicts now in prison, 72 were committed for offences against property, as burglary, house*
breaking, horse-stealing, larceny, &c. ; 1 for arson; 8 for rape or attempt to commit rape;
2 for manslaughter ; 4 for murder. There are 10 sentenced for life | 3 for 20 years ; 1 for 15
years ; 2 for 14 years ; 1 for ll years; 8 for 10 years ; 14 for 5 years ; 18 for 3 years. Of the
whole number, 14 are foreigners, and 44 natives of New Hampshire. 22 convicts are em-
ployed in the cabinet shop; 34 in the shoe shop; 11 in the smith shop ; the 3 females are
employed in sewing. The expenditures for the year were i 7,509.07; the receipts were
$5,345.22. The amount owed by the prison, May 31, 1850, was $ 3,127.66. The prison libra-
ry consists of about 600 volumes.
New ffampahire Asylum for tfte Insane, Concord. — Andrew McFarland, Superintend*
ent. Since the opening of the asylum, for nearly eight years, there have been admitted, to
May 31, 1850, 731 patients ; 127 now remain in the institution. Of these, 69 are males
and 58 females. The number of patients admitted during the past year was 103. Of
these, 59 were males and 44 were females. 90 were discharged during the year. Of these,
45 (17 males and 28 females) had recovered ; 18 (6 males and 12 females) had partially re-
covered ; 20 (9 males and 11 females) were not relieved; and 7 (3 males and 4 females) died.
A new wing has been added to the Asylum during the year.
III. VERMONT.
Government for the Year ending October^ 1851.
Salary.
C. K. Williams, of Rutland, Governor (term ends Oct, 1851), $750
Julius Converse, of Woodstock, Lieut.-Gov. fy Pres. Sen,^ $4 a day.
George Howes^ of Montpelier, Treasurer^ 400
Ferrand F. Merrill, " Secretary of State, 275
George F. Houghton, of St. Albans, Sec. Civil and Military Affairs^ 200
Silas H. Hodges, of Rutland, Auditor of Accounts^ 150
De Witt C. Clarke, of Burlington, Secretory of Me 5«?iafe, 250
Wm. C. Kittridge, of Fairhaven,^ Speaker of the House,
C. F. Davis, of Burlington,* Clerk of the House, 400
George Nichols, of Northfield, State Libarian, 100
Hiram Harlow, of Windsor, Superintendent of State Prison^ 500
F. W. Hopkins, of Rutland, Adjutant and Tnsp.- General, 150
Horace Eaton, ofEnosburg, Superintendent of Common Schools.
Hampden Cutts, ofHartland, Commissioner of the Insane,
Pierpoint Isham, of Bennington, Bajik Commissioner.
The Senate was established in 1836. The House of 'Representatives is
composed of about 230 members, one member from each town. Pay of the
members of each house, $ 1.50 a day during the session of the Legislature.
JUDICIART.
Supreme Court.
Salary.
Stephen Royce, of Berkshire, Chief Judge, f 1,375
Isaac F. Redfield, of Randolph, Associate Judge^ 1,375
VERMONT.
[1851.
Milo L. Bennett,
Daniel Kellogg,
Hiland Hall,
Luke P. Poland,
Peter T. Washburn,
of Burlington,
of Rockingham,
of BenningtoD,
of Morristown,
of Woodstock,
Associate Judge^
ii
((
((
Reporter^
Salary.
1,37^
1,375
1,375
1,375
450
Clerks of the Supreme and County Courts.
Samuel H. Blackmer,
Marshall Miller,
Frederic W. Hopkins,
Norman Williams,
George S. Swifl,
Joseph Berry,
David B. Bucklej,
Jackson A. Vail,
G. A. Burbank,
Edward B. Sawyer,
Elijah Haynes,
Joseph H. Brainerd,
Henry M. Bates,
Residence.
Bennington.
Fayetteville.
Rutland.
Woodstock.
Middlebury.
Chelsea.
Burlington.
Montpelier.
Danville.
Hydepark.
North Hero.
St. Albans.
Irasburg.
Guildhall.
Oounties.
Bennington,
Windham,
Rutland,
Windsor,
Addison,
Orange,
Chittenden,
Washington,
Caledonia,
Lamoile,
Grand Isle,
Franklin,
Orleans,
Essex, Isaac Cummings,
The judiciary powers are vested in a Supreme Court, consisting of six
judges > in County Courts, or Courts of Common Pleas, comprising six cir-
cuits, each County Court being composed of one judge of the Supreme
Court, who is ex officio chief justice of the County Courts of his circuit,
and two assistant judges for each county ; and in justices of the peace ', all
the judges and justices being chosen annually by the Legislature.
The Supreme Court sits once, and the County Courts twice a year, in
each county. Each judge of the Supreme Court is Chancellor of a circuit.
_The Court of Chancery has two stated sessions annually in each county,
and is always in session for all purposes except the final hearing of a cause.
An appeal from the decree of the Chancellor lies to the Supreme Court
Common Schools. — Number of school districts in the State, 2,647; number of scholars,
95,616; average of wages paid male teachers per month, $13.78; average of wages paid
female teachers per month, $6.60; whole wages for males, •65,896.64; for females,
$58,475.29; number of weeks of school by males, 19,125; by females, 41,721 ;Vhole
wages to teachers, $ 124,371.83; cost for wages, board, and fuel, $204,695.27; public money
divided fi>r support of schools, $ 74,180.15. The school fund was abolished in 1845, to pay
the State debt.
State Prison. —Year ending Sept. 1, 1849. — Number of convicts, Sept. 1, 1848, 52 ; ad-
mitted during the year, 34 ; total, 86. 24 were discharged during the year ; 13 by expiration
of sentence, 6 by pardon, 1 escaped, and 4 died. One of the prisoners is a female. The
income of the prison for the year was $ 3,652.99. Expenditures and loss, $ 6,713.05. Bal*
ance of expenditures for the year against the prison, $ 3,060.06. Total liabilities exclusive
of interest, $22,805.68; total assets, $ 19,460.81. Excess of liabilities, $ 4,849.79. Entire
indebtedness, $ 5,849.79.
1851.]
MASSACHU8STT8.
881
VertnofU Asjfium/or tht Insant^ Bnitt2e6oro'.— William H. Rockwdl, M. D., Super-
intendent. Since the opening of the asylum, there have been admitted, to September, 1849,
1,459 patients; 1,441 tiave been discharged, and 318 remain in the institution. Of the 1,459
patients thus admitted 666 liave recovered, equal to 45.64 per cent. ; 165 haye died, equal to
11.30 per cent. Of the 1,141 discliarged, 666 have recorered, equal to 58.37 per cent. Dur-
ing the year ending August let, 1849, the whole number of patients was 448. Admitted,
136; discharged, 130; remaining in tlie institution, 318. Ctf those discharged, 74 wMe
cured; 22 died ; improved, 22; not improved, 12.
Terms of Admission. — For the first six months, i 2 per week, and i 1.75 afterwards.
Wlien the insanity is connected with epilepey or paralysis, $ 2.50 per week. Patients are
received from otlier States for • 2 per week, or % 100 per year.
Banjos. — Number of banlcs In the State, 23; capital paid in, • 1,829,395; circulation,
«2,321,808. Total liabilities, #4,502,862.31. Notes and bills discounted, 13,641,081.22;
deposits in city banks, $606,320.47; specie, $ 120,811.01 ; total resources, $4,623,731.70.
FllTAKCES.'
For Fiscal Year endingr September 1, 1849.
Amount recetred into the Treasury, including baUoce of 1848, . $ 119,386.34
" expended, 111,056.05
Balance in Treasury Sept. 1st, 1849, $ 8,3;JU.29
Principal Items of Expenditure,
Expenses of the Legislature, • 27,651 .32
Executive expenses, —salaries, 2,759.77
Judiciary, and prosecuting crime, 61,534.08
Military expenses, 1,299.03
Infirm poor,insane,and deaf and dumb, 8,289. 73
Common Schools, 3,698.08
Geological Survey, 133.33
Agricultural Societies, fcc., 1,983.68
Financial disborsemente, 3,118.10
State UalnHHes, Sept. 1, 1849.
Principal Sources of Revenue.
In Treasury, Sept. 1, 1848, $3,659.40
Prom taxes, 87,135.46
Safety and School Funds, 2,864.80
Peddlers', dx., licenses, 8,166.00
Loans, 12,700.00
State Attorneys, 4,178.86
Court fees by Clerks, 4,580.06
Indebted to Safety Fund Banks, $ 38,794.61
Salaries due October 1, 3,333.33
Due from Loans, 13,700.00
Outstanding orders of Auditor and
To meet which, it has, —
Balance in the Treasury, $ 8,330. 29
Taxes not collected, 37,886.91
Notes for School Fund, 6,424.30
From County Clerks, 1,775.00
County Clerks, R •»<^4^^
Total, $ 6U,17u.^/ 1 Demands (good) in hands of State's
Resources, 69,416.6d Attorneys, 6.000.00
Balance against the State, 753.871 $ otf,4i6.60
•IV. MASSACHUSETTS.
Oovemment for the Year ending the Ist Wednesday in January, 1851.
Salary,
of Pittsfield, Governor, $2,500
of Yarmouth, Lieutenant' Governor ^ $4 a day.
of Springfield, Sec. of Commonwealth^ 1,600
of Ne wburyport, TVeas. and Receiver- Gen., 1 ,600
of Leominster, Auditor^ 1,500
of Salem, Adj,- Gen, and Keeper of
Military Stores^ 1J500
Georos N. Bbioos,
John Reed,
William B. Calhoun,
Ebenezer Bradburj,
Pavid Wilder, Jr.,
George H. Devereux,
19*
9tl
MASSACHVSBTTS;
[1851.
William Tufts,
Joseph Foster,
Barnas Sears,
Marshall P. Wilder,
Ensign P. Kellogg,
Charles Calhoun,
Charles W. Storey, Jr.,
1^ Clerk, Secretary of State* s Ofieii^
Ist Clerky Treasurer*s Office^
l^atary.
1,200
i;3oo
of Newton,
of Dorchester,
of Pittsfield,
of Boston,
of Boston,
JODICIART
Sec of Board of Educa-
tion and Slate LUnrarianj 1 ,500
Pres't of the Senate, $ 4 per daj^
Speaker of Hottge of Rep. "
Clerk of Senate, $10 per day.
Clerk of House, 10 per day.
Lemuel Shaw,
Samuel S. Wilde,
Charles A. Dewey,
Theron Metcalf,
Richard Fletcher,
John H. Clifford,
Luther S. Cushing,
Charles R. Train,
H. G. O. Colby,
u
u
Ezra Wilkinson,
William Porter, Jr., of Lee,
Asahel Huntington, of Salem,
Supreme Judicial Court.
of Boston, Chief Justice,
of Boston, Justice,
of Northampton,
of Boston,
of Boston, "
of New Bedford, Mtomey-Genertd,
of Boston, Reporter,
of Framingham, District Attorney, N. Dist.
of New Bedford, «' S. "
of Dedham, " Mid. '« '
" W. «'
E.
((
Ci
$3,500
3,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
2,500
300
1,000
1,000
, 800
800
800
2,000
Samuel D. Parker, of Boston, Attorney, Co. of Sufiblk,
The Supreme Court consists of five judges. Who hold office during good
behaviour. It has exclusive cognizance of all capitlil crimes, and exclusive
chancery jurisdiction, so fkr as chancery powers are given by statute ; and
'concurrent original jurisdiction of all civil cases, where the amount in dis*
pute exceeds $600, in Suffolk, and $300 in the other counties. It holds
law terms in eight of the fourteen counties of the State, and nisi prius terms
in all the counties.
Court of Common Pleas,
of Greenfield, Chief Justice,
of Wayland, Associate Justice,
of Stockbridge,
of Boston,
of Salem,
of Concord,
The Court of Common Pleas is held for the trial of civil cases above
$20, and, except in Suffolk County, has criminal jurisdiction in all cases
not capital. In Suffolk, the criminal jurisdiction is surrendered to the Mu-
nicipal Court. There are six judges, and frequent terms are held in every
county. Since July, 1850, Trial Justices, several of whom are appointed
by the Governor in each county, to bold office for seven years, exercise the
jurisdiction formerly held by justices of the peace ; to issue writs, &c., in
all civil cases under $ 20, and warrants in all criminal cases ; and the power
Daniel Wells,
Edward Mellen,
Horatio Byington,
George Tyler Bigelow,
Jonathan C. Perkins,
£. Rock wood Hoar,
((
(C
K
««
$2,300
2,100
2,100
2,100
2,100
2,100
MASSACHUSETTS.
823
of justices of the peace is limited to that extent, except that, in criminal
cases, they mfty iitfsue warrants returnable before a Trial Justice. This act
does not afiect the Police Courts, nor the "Justices' Cburt^' of Boston,
which the Justices of the Police Court hold on Wednesdays and Saturdays.
Police Court of Boston,
John G. Rogers, Jas. C. Merrill, Abel Cushing, JustiteSj salary, $1,500 each.
Commissioners of Insolvency,
John M. Williams,
John G. King,
Asa F. Lawrence,
Henry Chapin, ^
Myron Lawrence,
Daniel W. Alvord,
George B. Morris,
Thomas Robinson,
Francis Hilliard,
Welcome Young,
David Perkins,
Zeno Scudder,
George Cobb,
Leavitt Thaxter,
of Boston,
of Salem,
of Pepperell,
of Worcester,
of Belchertown,
of Greenfield,
of SpVingfield,
of Adams,
of Roxbury,
of E. Bridgewater,
of Fall River,
of Barnstable,
of Nantucket,
for Suffolk County.
for Essex
for Middlesex
for Worcester
for Hampshire
for Franklin
for Hampden
for Berkshire
for Norfolk
for Plymouth
for Bristol
for Barnstable
for Nantucket
for Dukes
u
((
c«
(«
«(
C(
((
((
<t
u
u
of Edgartown,
These Commissioners hold a Court of Insolvency at the shire towns io
their respective counties on the first Tuesday of each month, and as much
oflener as they may deeto necessary. Salary, — fees not exceeding the
amount of $1,500 each.
Probate Courts,
Counties.
Judges.
Salary.
RegisterB.
Salary.
Barnstable,
Berkshire,
Bristol,
Dukes,
Essex,
Franklin,
Hampden,
Hampshire,
Middlesex,
Nantucket,
Norfolk,
Plymouth,
Suffolk,
Worcester,
Nymphas Marston,
Daniel N. Dewey,
Oliver Prescott,
Theod. G. May hew,
Daniel A. White,
George Grennell,
Oliver B. Morris,
Ithamar Conkey,
Samuel P. P. Fay,
Samuel Mitchell,
Sherman Leland,
Aaron Hobart,
Edward G. Loring,
Thomas Kinnicutt,
$400
375
400
100
600
340
240
240
700
200
400
350
800
600
Timothy Reed,
Henry W. Bishop,
Anselm Bassett,
B. C. Marchant,
Nathaniel Lord, Jr.,
Wendell T Davis,
Justice Willard,
Samuel F. Lyman,
Isaac Fiske,
Georse Cobb,
Jonathan H. Cobb,
Jacob H. Loud,
H. M. Willis,
Charles G. Prentiss,
$500
550
750
150
1,500
425
550
450
1,500
300
700
650
2,000
1,500
Finances.
The wceipte of aU kinds, including loans, for the year ending January
Ist, 1850, were
The entire expenditure for the same period was
Excess of receipts,
• 1,078,340.86
1,057,406.93
20,933.92
884
XAtSACBUSXTTS.
[1851.
Prineipat IUm» of Espenditure.
OounciUon, 13,779.00
Legislature, .... 61,146.50
Salaries 72,157.69
Adj'nt and Q. M. Genena's Dep't, 6,600.00
Fuel, &c., for Stata-HouM, . 1,071.08
Repairs of do. . . 6,469.70
Furniture for do. • . 1,265.40
Stationery for do. . . 2,135.26
State printing, .... 16,717.60
Newspapere and adrertiBing, . 3,637.80
Term reports, .... 962.50
County Treasurera, . . . 63,358.60
SUte paupers 91,867.23
Interest on temporary loans, . 6,881.38
Railroad do. . 6,306.06
Western Railroad scrip, 60,160.00
Agricultural Societies, . . . 6,242.00
American Institute of Instruction, 300.00
Asylum for the Blind, . . 9,000.00
" " Deaf and Dumb, . 8,156.08
Eye and Ear Infirmary, . . 7,000.00
State Lunatic Hospital, . . 11,606.34
^liool for IdloU, . . . #2,600.00
Bounty to militia, . . . 19,713.04
Slate Prison, .... 4,200.00
Prevention of counterfeiting, . 1,489.16
Pensions, 1,387.17
State Reform School, . . . 6,648.94
Life boats and preserrers, . 2,600.00
Miscellaneous, . . • • 18,804.14
it
u
Total ordinary expenditure, 612,409.23
Chit^ Soureet of Ineome.
Auction tax, ....
38,679.94
Bank « ....
338,264.66
Attorney for Suffolk County, .
11,217.84
Alien passengen, ....
10,306.08
Alien Estates, ....
1,678.90
Hawkera and peddlen' licenses, .
1,842.00
Interest on deposits, . .
461.66
Lands in Maine, ....
996.83
Western Railroad dividends, .
87,136.00
Miscellaneous, ....
419.91
Total ordinary revenue.
490,903.71
The debt of Massachusetts, on its own account, was, on the 1st January, 1850, f 1,086,606.60
Liability of the Commonwealth for scrip loaned to the various railroads, . 6,049,555.56
Total absolute and contingent debt, 6,135,064.06
The value of the property of the Commonwealth, January 1, 1850, consisting
of notes, mortgages, railroad stock and scrip, cash on hand, and proceeds of
temporary loans, * . . . $ 2,539,061.96
Western Railroad stock sinking fund, interest in, say,
Claim on United States for nftilitia services in last war.
Real estate unproductive,
State Reform School fund in the hands of trustees.
Mortgages on the various railroads, ....
Total property of the Commonwealth,
Excess of resources over liabilities,
123,500.00
181,000.00
1,315,100.00
20,000.00
6,049.656.66
9,228,217.62
• 3,093,163.46
To this may be added about 2,000,000 acres of Maine lands, worth i 1,600,000, the proceeds
of the sales of which are to be divided between the school fund and the stnklng fund until
they amount to $ 1,000,600 each ; and also the Western Railroad loan sinking fund, held in
trust by the Commonwealth, •541,841.
inatitiUiona for Smringa.^ In the 42 institutions that made returns, there were 71,629
depositon, and • 12,111,653.64 deposits securely invested. The average annual per cent, of
dividends of the last five yean is 6.9 per cent. The whole expense of managing these 48
Savings Banks was • 37,361 J26.
Insurance Abatraet for 1849. —Number of stock offices, 29, 16 of which are in Boston.
Capital, •5,775,000. In United States stocks and Treasury-notes, 952,239. Bank stocks
in Massachusetts, •4,045,044. Stock of the State of Massachusetts, • 174,438. Loans on
bottomry and respondentia, 987,650. Real estete, • 447,258. Mortgages on do., •840,386.
Loans on collateral and personal security, 9390,386; loans on personal security only,
• 421,632. Cash, •211,742. Reserved or contingent fund, •402,932. Railroad stock,
• 415,190. Losses ascertained and unpaid, • 93,212. Estimated losses in addition, • 232,629.
Premium notes, •2,188,603. Notes bad or doubtful, but not charged to profit and loss,
• 12,410. At risk, marine, • 63,696,079 ; fire, • 68,428,929. Premiums on fire risks undeta^
mined, •436,672. Average annual dividends for 6 preceding yean, or since incorporated,
8^ per cent. (Boston offices, a fraction over 9 per cent.) Fire losses paid last year, •310,025.
Marine losses do., • 1,428,770.
1851.]
MASSACHUSITTB.
895
Abstract of tke Returns of the Banks in Massachusetts for 1849.
Dub from ths Baitxs.
Capital stock paid in,
Bills in circulation of five dollars and upwards,
Bills in circulation less than five dollars, .
Net profits on hand,
Balances due to other banks.
Cash deposited not bearing interest,
Cash deposit'ed bearing interest, .
Total amount due from the banks, .
Rbsourcbb of thb Banks.
Specie,
Real estate, . ■
Bills of other banks Incorporated in this State,
Bills of other banks incorporated elsewhere.
Balances due from other banks, .
Debts due, including notes, bills of exchange,
and all stocks,
Total resources of the banks,
Amount of reserved profits, ....
Debts due each bank, secured hjr pledge of stock.
Debts doe and unpaid, and doubtful, .
27 Banks in
Boston.
19,677,496.00
6,138,449.00
832,922.00
1,962,982.89
4,494,818.44
6,809,041.71
480,266.70
39,286,976.44
2,104,741.43
716,773.12
3,078,274.37
268,645.06
2,103,708.42
31,014,933.04
39,286,976.44
1,758,861.06
391,439.14
21,676.05
92 Banks
out of
Boston.
16,062,616.00
7,875,745.00
1,863,819.25
1,059,013.62
226,996.87
3,066,276.26
266,148.96
29,399,614.96
646,176.89
410,388.65
337,800.07
62,631.50
2,369,242.30
26,684,376.66
29,399,614.96
966,652.14
394,336.49
171,865.76
Total, 119
Banks.
34,630,011.00
13,014,194.00
2,686,741.25
3,011,996.21
4,720,816.31
9,875,316.97
746,415.66
68,686,490.40
2,749,917.32
1,126,161.67
3,416,074.44
321,076.56
4,472,960.72
56, 699,309. 69
68,686,490.40
2,724,513,20
786,776.63
193,531.81
Average dividends of all the banks for the year, 6.76 per cent.
Schools for 1849. — The towns raise by taxation for the support of schools, annually,
$830,577. Besides this, #5,483, income of the "Surplus Revenue," is so appropriated.
Total, $836,060. Add $36,281, contributed as board and fuel. Number of children in the
State from 4 to 16 years old, 215,926. Number that attend school under 4 years, 3,326 ; over
16 years, 10,462. No. of public schools in the State, 3,749. No. of male teachers, 2,426.
No. of female teachers, 6,737. No. of scholars in summer schools, 173,669. No. in winter
schools, 191,712. Average wages per month, inclusive of board, paid to male teachers,
• 34.02. Do. to female teachers, « 14.19. Amount of School Fund, December 1, 1849,
• 876,062; increase during the year, •27,816. There are 64 incorporated academies in the
State, with 3,864 pupils, and an aggregate of $61,694 paid for tuition ; also 1,047 unincor-
porated academies and private schools, ftc, with 27,683 scholars, and an aggregate of
• 240,780 paid tor tuition. There are also local funds for the support of academies, ftc, to
the amount of • 364,620, yielding an income of • 21 ,684. No. of volumes in schod libraries,
91,639. Value, • 42,707. Value of apparatus, $23,826. The ralue of the puUic school- houses
in the State in 1848 was $2,760,000, of which $2,200,000 had been expended since 1838.
There are three Normal Schools supported by the State, at an annual cost of about $6,600, —
<Mie at Westfield, one at West NewtoO) and one at Bridgowaier,-— averaging annually, in
aU, 226 pupils.
St€Ue Lunatic Bbapital, Worcester. — Qeorge Chandler, M. D., Superintendent. Num-
ber of patients, December 1, 1848, 409;— 217 males, 192 females; admitted during the year,
273, — 134 males, 139 females ; remaining at the end of the year, 429, — 220 males, 209 fe*
males ; arerage during the year, 420. Of those admitted during the year, 206 (97 males,
109 females) were committed by the courts ; 26 (17 males, 9 females) by overseers ; and 41
(20 males, 21 females) were {Mivate boarders. 167 foreigners (77 males, 90 females) remained
in the hoepital at the end of tlie year. 263 patients (131 males, 122 females) were discharged
during the year; of whom 138 were recovered, 26 improved, 31 incurable and harmless, 21
incurable and dangerous, and 37 died. Receipts during the year, $49,440.40; balance of
cash, December 1, 1848, $ 7,764.74 ; total, $ 57,205.14. Expenditures, $ 43,070.86. Leaving
balance to new account, $ 14,134.28. The expense per patient the last year was $ 97.31 ; the
average annual expense per patient for the 17 years the Hospital has been in operation is
$124.99.
State Prison. — The number of prisoners, October 1, 1849, was 349 ; 190 having been re-
caivedf and 124 discharged, during the year. Of those in prison, 307 were committed for
ofibnces against property, and 42 for offences against the person. 18 are confined for life ; 1
CBUSKTTS»
[185L
foraSjem; IfoaOTMia; 3iirl8 7wn; aadtteiMinijite-iiraabMterpBriod; 133 ara
confioed lor 2 jean or lea. 49 are from 16 to 20 years (rid ; 176 from 20 to 30: 76 from 30
to 40; 25 from 40 10 50; 19 from SO to 6J; 3 from 60 to 70; and 1 abore 70. Ill are foreign-
ers, and 124 oatiTea of Mawachaaetto. There are 36 aecood-comere, 10 tbintcomens, 2
fourth-comers, and 1 is a fifth and 1 a sixth corner. There are 21 negroes and 9 molattoea.
Arerage number of cooricu for the jear, 320. There hare been 3 deaths ; 1 has been par-
doned, and the sentences of 15 have been remitted. The expenses have been t39,172.3#;
the ncttpiB, • 37,844. II. Deficit of income, f 1,428.2a
State Reform School, WeMtboro*. — W. R. Lincoln, Superintendent. Boji in the achoai^
December 1, 1848, 23 ; received since, 311 ; diachaised during the jear, 24 ; rem a inin g, No-
rember 30, 1849, 310. 3 irare 7 jean old; 10 were 8; 17 irare 9; 27 were 10; 36 were 11 ;
46 were 12; 33 were 13; G9 were 14; 69 were 15; 3 were 16; 3 were 17; 1 was 18; 2wem
19, and the'ageof one wasanknown. 119 were committed for laicenj; 5 for breaking and
entering with intent to steal ; 21 for breaking and entering, and larcenj ; 20 aa idle and dia-
orderij, 2 for haring obscene books for circalation; and 110 for stabboraneaa. 247
committed during minoritj ; 8 for 5 jeare ; 22 for 3 jeare ; 19 for 2 jean, and 18 for 1 j«
112 were receired from Suffirik Count j, 6S from Middlesex, 66 from Essex, 31 finm Bamsta-
Ue, 24 fiom Woreeeter, 19 firam Norfolk, and 6 from BristoL 263 were bora in the United
States, and 66 in foreign countries. All the bojs are emplojed during a pntion of the day
at some mechanic^, agricultural, or domestic labor. Thej do the waahing, ironing, and
cooking, and make and mend their own clothea. Each daj, 4 honn are deroied to school,
6 to labor, 8| to sleep, and f ^ to recreation and miaceUaneoos duties. 180 acres of land were
originallj purchased, and since that time an adjoining form has been added. The baild-
ingB can accommodate about 300 bojs. The health of the bojs is good. Fw more than
fire months precetfing Noronber 30, 1849, there was not a single case requiring the aid of
a pfajsician.
Pauperiem in the Year 18^. — The number of parsons reliered or aoi^iorted as panpecw
was 21,892, of whom 8,331 were town paupen, and 14,083 Slate paupers. Of these Suia
paupen, 10,253 were foreignera, and of this number 9,128 were natives of England and Ire-
land. There were 196 almshouses, with 19,378 acres attached, the whole valued at • 1,185,438.
Number rdieved in almshouses, 11,556 (the average being 4,546), of whom 6,186 were ona-
Ue to labor. Number relieved out of almshouses, 12,961. Average weeklj cost of each
pauper in almshouses, 1 1-06^ ; out of almshouses, • 1.00^. Net expense of almshonaea,
including interest, •441,675. Estimated value of pauper labor in almshouses, $ 17,221.
2,043 foreign paupen have come into the Stale within the jear. 661 insane and 332 idiots
were relieved or supported during the jear. 932 are paupen bj reason of insanitj or idiocj,
and it is probable that 13,250 were made paupen bj intemperance in themselves or others.
JaOe and Bouaea of Correetion in 18i9. —Whole number of prisonera, including 1,434
deblore, 11,413. Of these, 8,327 were males ; 1,433 females ; l,5«i minon ; 612GQlored ; 3,145
able to read or write; 26 insane; 1,477 natives of Massachusette ; 796 natives of other
States ; 2,SB7 foreignen ; 5,189 nativitj unknown ; remaining in confinement, November 1,
1849, 1,067. Average cost of board of each prisoner per week, $ 1.61. Total expense for the
jear, • 95,933.59. Estimated value of labor in Houses of Conectkm, $ 17,662.51.
Criminal Statistics.
Offences.
Against theperson, feloniouslj,
(( ** not feloniouslj,
Against property ^ with violence,
« '< without violence,
Other offences, ....
Wh<^ number,
I
9
I
43
612
191
641
2,382
3,772
e
o
6
16
222
115
393
1,210
1,956
9
5
58
21
66
72
222
I
"o
61
14
33
264
o72
to
c
c
&4
CO
PQ
o
9 11
70 71
26 H
42 6
460, 201
6071
■8
I
o
2
16
2
14
82
5
14
2
26
93
Costs.
$1,853.18
11,348.55
7,990.67
16,162 73
29,234.33
1 6 135|i 66,589.36
Births, Marriages, and ZtertAs.-The rrtwns for the jear 1849 were not made up and
printed with the other State docuoMiiU.
1851.]
RHODB ISLAND.
3S7
V. RHODE ISLAND.
Government for the Year ending 1st Tuesday in May, 1851.
Salary.
Governor^ $ 400
Lieutenant- Governor ^ 200
See. of State, $ 750 and fees.
Henrt B. Anthony, of Providence,
Thomas Whipple, of Coventry,
Christopher E. Robbins, of Providence,
Stephen Cahoone,
Joseph M. Blake,
Elisha R. Potter,
Amos D. Smith,
James C. Hidden,
of Newport,
of Bristol,
of Kingston,
of Providence,
General Treasurer, 500
Attorney- General, Fees.
CommW of Public Schools, 800
Major- Gen. of the Militia,
Speaker of the House.
of Providence,
The Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Secretary of State, Treasurer, and
Attorney-General afe elected annually on the 1st Wednesday of April, for
the year commencing the Ist Tuesday of May. The Commissioner of
Schools is appointed by the Governor. The Senate consists of the Gov-
ernor, who presides, the Lieutenant-Governor, and one Senator from each
of the thirty-one towns in the State. The House of Representatives con-
sists of 69 members.
Judiciary.
Supreme Court. Salary.
Richard W. Greene,
Levi Haile,
William R. Staples,
George A. Brayton,
Thomas Durfee,
of Providence,
of Warren,
of Providence,
of Warwick,
Oiief Justice, Entries &, $900
Associate Justice, ** 550
. ". " 550
.«« *« 550
Reporter,
of Providence,
The judges of the Supreme Court bold office until they are removed by
a resolution passed by both Houses of the Assembly, and voted for by a
majority of the members elected to each House. By an act passed May,
1848, the Court of Common Pleas in each of the five counties is hereafter
to be held by a single judge of the Supreme Court, sitting alone. The as-
sociate judges of the Supreme Court are to divide, this duty among them-
selves. There are no longer any associate justices elected for each county.
Clerks of the Supreme and Common Pleas Courts.
Counties.
Clerks of Supreme Court.
Clerks of Common Pleas.
Post-Office.
Newport,
Providence,
Washington,
Bristol,
Kent,
William Gilpin,
Walter Paine, Jr.,
Powell Helme,
Massadore T. Bennett,
Joseph J. Tillinghast,
Daniel C. Denham,
John W. Smith,
John G Clarke, Jr.,
Massadore T. Bennett,
William Bodfish,
Newport,
Providence.
Kingston.
Bristol.
E.Greenwich.
Public Schools. —The State has a School Fund, invested in bank stock, of • 51,300. By
an act passed in 1836, the interest of the State's part of the United States surplus revenue
(commonly called the Deposit Fund) was set apart for public schools, f 35,000 is annually
paid from the State treasury for schools. By an act passed in June, 1848, the proceeds of the
militia commutation tax in each town are to be applied hereafter to the support of public
schools. The whole number of school districts in the State is 332, of which 231 own
■ehool-houses. There has been expended for school-houses during the last six years $ 148,254.
988
BnODI ItLAMD.
[1851.
No. of penoM in the State aiid«r flftaen, 98,062. No. of Mholan regietand, 22,477, —
11,867 males and 10,610 females; average attendance, 16,690. No. of male teachers, 236 ;
of female, 237. Amount received from the State, $25,330.63; amount raised by towns,
$ 54,843.94 ; total, i 80, 1 74.57. Expended for schools, • 86,564. 12.
£rrafe IVtson, Provtdenee. —- Thomas W. Hay ward, Warden. Salary, 9800. The num-
ber of prisoners, Sept. 30, 1849, was 28, — 27 males, 1 female. Committed during past year,
16. Discharged by expiration of time, 4 ; by the General Assembly, 4. Died, 2. The con-
Ticts in the State prison are principally employed in •boemaking; thoas in the Providence
county jail, at cabinet-work.
The income of the prison lor the year was $3,659.71; the expenses were $8,747.62;
balanceof expense, $5,087.91. Number of persons in Providence jail at the suit of the
State, Sept. 30, 1849, 66; at the suit of the city, 9; of the United States 1 ; debtors, 4.
Total, 80.
FiVAVCXB.
Principal Itenu of Espenditun. Chi^ Sowreea of Income.
Salaries, $S,354
Senate, 2,407
House of Representatives, . . 4,653
Expenses of Supreme Court and of
the Common Pleas, . . . 16,274
Schools, 32,836
Sute Prison, 6,087
Accounts allowed by General Assembly, 16,586
Governor's orders,
Deaf, dumb, and blind, . . .
Printing,
Interest, ;
Teachers' Institute,
Sute tax,
Bank tax, . . .
Tax on increase of bank capital,
From Courts, ....
Insurance Companies,
Interest on public deposits, •
Dividend on School Fund, .
Auctions, ....
$17,064
33,669
. 2,626
6,076
. 1,163
16,375
. 3,334
1,234
Peddlers, 6,070
252
1,883 Pawtucket Turnpike,
87
675
260
1,000
Town Councils, 1,262
Public deposits, .... 34,326
Total receipts for the year, $161,64a65
Total expenditure, 161,413.50
Excess of receipts, . 236.15
Banks in Rhode Island, in Aprils 1860. —The whole number of banks is 61, (23 in and
38 out of Providence,) and their condition is thus stated : —
Dr. Liabilities. Resources, Cr.
Capital stock paid in,
Bills in circulation.
Deposits on inteiest.
Deposits not on interast,
Debts due to banks.
Dividends unpaid,
Net profits on hand.
Total, .
$ 11,297,562.60
2,625,649.25
Debu due from directors, . $ 729,251.34
Debts due from other stockholders, 538,079.89
126,034.91 Debts due from aU others.
16,633,106.99
1,282,714.65 Specie actuaUy in banks,
588,295.68 Bills of other banks,
28.396.42 Deposits in other banks,
684,563.58 Stock in the banks, &c..
Stock in other banks, and other
stocks, ....
Real estate,
Furniture and other property,
13,556,169.16
291,295.66
443,446.15
, 484,918.19
85,14a76
166,479.63
236,610.60
13,708.73
Total, .... 16,533,106.99
City of Protndence. ~~The total receipts of the city of Providence for the year ending
March 5, 1850, were (including balance of old account, $ 13,991.11) $ 177,932.30. The total
expenditures were $ 170,334.16. Leaving a balance to the city of $7,598.14. $12,701.89
were expended for interest; fcr schools, $44,078.90} lor streeU, $ 33,415.48. The debt of
the city was $ 194,36a62.
Savings Institutions. —There are 8 institutions for savings, in which, in June, 1860, there
were $1,283,935.86 of deposits and profits, the whole number of depositors being 7,983.
1851.]
CONNICTICVT.
8S9
Butler MoapUal for $kB Jruane.^1. Bay, Superinteoiikat. No. of patitnts, Dec. SI,
1848, 100 (56 malea and 44 females). Admitted during the year 93 (42 males and 51 females).
86 (47 males and 39 females) have been discharged during the year, leaving in the institu-
tion, Dec. 31, 1849, 107. 35 (24 males and 11 females) were discharged as recovered. 24
(10 males and 14 females), as iipproved ] 7 (2 males and 5 females), as unimproved ; and 20
(11 malaB and 9 femalas) died.
Government far the
Thomas H. Siyhour,
Charles H, Popd,
J. P. C. Mather,
Henry D. Smith,
Rufus G. Finney,
John C. Palmer,
Henry Barnard,
Henry Dutton,
Origen S. Seymour,
VI. CONNECTICUT.
Year mu2s% on the let Wedneeday m May, 1851.
Salary,
of Hartford, Governor , $1,100
of Milford, UetU.- Gov. ^ Pres; Senate^ 300
of New London, Secretary of State, 1,000
of Middletown, Treaeurer, 1,000
of Stafford, Comptroller, 1,000
of East Haddam, CommWofthe School Fund, 1,250
[and expenses,
of Hartford, Principal of State Jiormal SchoU
and Sup't of Schools.
of New Haven, Pres. pro tern, of the Senate.
of Litchfield, Speaker of the Hotue.
Judiciary.
Supreme and Superior Court.
of Litchfield, Chief Justice,
of Lyme, Associate Justice,
of Middletown, *'
of New Haven, (*
cc
$1,300
1,250
1,250
1,250
1,250
550
SamnelChurch,
Henry M. Waite,
William L. Storrs,
Joel Hinman,
William W. Ellsworth, of Hartford,
Thctmas Day, of Hartford, Reporter,
A term of the Superior Court is held by one judge semiannually, in each
county of the State > and the Supreme Court, constituted of the five judges,
meets annually in each county. The judges of this court hold their offices
until seventy years of age. This court has jurisdiction in all cases where
the damages, or matter in dispute, exceed $ 70.
CowKty Courts*
Gounties.
Hartford,
New Haven,
New Loudon
Fairfield,
Windham,
Litchfield,
Middlesex,
Tolland,
■»
Judges.
Sam.H. Huntington,
Allied Blackmail^
Jas. A. Ho7ey,
Edward Tarlor,
George S. (^tlin,
Chas. B. Phelps,
Samual Ingbam,
Attorneys.
Richard D. Hubbard.
Chas. A. IngersoU,
John T. Wait,
William F. Taylor,
Abiel Oonyerse,
Leman Church,
Charles Whittlesey,
John H. Brock way.
Clerks.
William W. Eaton,
Henry Q. Levrie,
James Stedman,
William H. Noble,
Uriel Fuller,
Gideon H. HoUister,
Elihu Spencer,
Asa Willey,
Rei^idence.
HartiiirU.
New Haven.
Norwich.
Bridgeport.
Brooklyn.
Litchfield.
Middletown.
Stafford.
A County Court is held by one judge tliree times each year, in the sev-
eral counties. The judges of this court are appointed annually by the Leg-
20
930
OOHNBCTICVT.
[1861.
blatnro, and hold office Ibr one year from 'the 4th of Jal]r of the year of
their appointment. They have juriBdiction in all civil actions where the
damages, or matter in dispute, exceed $35. In civil cases, an appeal lies
in all cases from the County to the Superior Court, where the matter in dis-
pute exceeds the sum of $ 70. The clerks of the County Courts are like-
wise clerks of the Superior and Supreme Courts of their respectiye coun-
ties.
FiHAHoss roR 1849-60.
Ttem$ of Bsptntditun,
Debenture and contingent ezpeoMS
of General AsKmbly, . •26,966.28
Salaries of oiBcers of government, 14, 160.00
Contingent expeneesof govemmentt 15,399.
Judicial expenses, . 48,001.67
Expense of supportini; State panpen, 9,291.66
" superintendence of com*
mon schools, .... 813.49
Salary of directors of SUte Prison, 300.00
QuartennasterOeneral's Department, 1,806.07
Public buildings and institutions, 8,609.6C
Ezynse of managing school fi rod, 34.00
$118,392.09
CM^ Smurcet of Ineomt,
agjFrom taxes, .... •73,667.54
avails of Courts, . . . 1,517.91
State prison, surplus earnings, 3,000.00
forfeited bonds, ftc, . , 4,376.70
dividends on bank stock, . 37,053.00
licenses to peddlers, . • ^17.00
miscenaneous sources, . . 2,694.58
122,346.73
{(
(I
tt
tt
tt
tt
Banks in Conneciieut, April 1, 1850.
Ltabilitiet.
Capital stock.
• 9,907,503
Specie,
Circulation, 6,263,884 Bills of other banks.
Deposits, 2,367,939
Due other banks 468,768
Dividends unpaid, • . •
Surplus fund,
Earnings since dividend, • . 304,396
Other liabilities, . . . 38,691
Total liabilities, . . . 19,122,id07
JZesottucet.
• 640,622
246,349
1,247,771
439,640
372,842
23,193
61,878
108,614
389,963
Due from other banks, • •
Due from brokers, . •
37,372 Stocks and bonds secund, •
753,664 Over drafts, ....
ISzpenses since dividend, .
Checks aiMi other cash items,
Real estate, • • • .
Bills discounted, . • . . 16,607,315
Total resources, . • 19,12^,2^7
Common Schooh. — The number of towns Is 146; of school societies, 217; of school
districts, 1,649; of children between four and sixteen, 92,066. The amount of the School
Fund, September 2, 1849, as appears ftom the biennial exhibit, was •2,076,602.76, and the
amount of dividends for I860* was •137,449.51; which gives •1.60 to every enomeratad
child. The returns In Connecticut do not give the number of teachers, or their wvges, or
the length of schools ; but only the Information Indicated above. The Legislature, at the
session of 1849, appropriated • 10,000 for the establishment of a Stau Normal School, " for
the training of teachers in the art of instructing and governing the common schools of the
State." This institution is placed under the control of eight trustees, appointed by the
General AssemUy, one from each county. The principal of the Normal School, Henry Bar-
nard, of Hartford, is, es ^do, Superintendent of Common Schools, an oflice heretofore at-
tached to that of Commissioner of the School Fund. The number of pupils Is limited to
220, to be selected one from each school society. Tuitlcm free. Schools or conventions toe
training teachers have also been held in each county the last year, generally \fy the Superin-
tendent of Schools.
JRetreat/or the /fisane, Harford. —John S. Butler, M. D., Physician and Superintend-
ent. The whole number of paUeots, April 1, 1849, was 133 ; 136 were admitted in the
18SI.] CONNBCTICUT. ^ S3 1
course of the year, makinf aS8 in all, 121 of whom were loales, and 147 femalea. 125 were
discharged during the year, leaving in the Retreat, vA.pril 1, 1850, 143; 73 of whom were
males, and 70 females. Of the 125 patients discharged, 64 were recovered, 2i improved, 7
not improved, and 30 died. The whole number admitted, from the opening of the institution,
in 1824, to this time, is 2,032. 1,889 have been discharged ; of whom 1,076 have recovered,
628 have improved, and 186 have died. Of the 60 males admitted during the past year, 18
wen &rmen; and of the 75 females, 10 were wives or daughters of farmera, and 33 engaged
In domestic occupations. Of the 136, 46 were married, 73 single, and 16 widowed.
The terms of admission are, for patients belonging to the State, with the usual accommo-
dations, i 3.00 per week ; for those belonging to other Statee, • 3.50 per week. For patients
belonging to the State, with accommodations in the centre building, and a separate attend-
ant, 1 10.00 per week ; for those belonging to other Statee, • 12.00 per week. No patient is
admitted for a shorter term than three months, and payment for that term must be made in
advance. For admission, apply to the SuperintendenL
American Asifium/or the Deaf and Dumb, Hartford. — Lewis Weld, JL M., Princi-
pal. The number of pupils for the year ending May 1, 1860, was 210 ; of whom 122 were
males, and 88 females. Of these, 20 were supported by friends ; 32 by the State of Maine ;
23 by New Hampshire; 19 by Vermont; 75 by Massachusetts; 7 by Khode Island; 26 by
Connecticut ; and 8 by South Carolina. The coet for each pupil for board, washing, fuel,
tuition, and the incidental expenses of the school-room, is • 100 per annum. In sick-
ness, the necessary extra charges are made. Fayment must be made six mcmths in ad-
vance, and a aatisfectory bond for punctual payment will be required. Applicants for ad-
mission must be between 8 and 25 yeara of age, of good natural intdlect, capable of forming
and joining letten with a pen legibly and correctly, of good morals, and free from any con-
tagious disease. Applications for the benefit of the legislative appropriations in Maine,
New Hampshire, and Massachusetts should be made to the Secretaries of those States re-
spectively, stating the name and age of the proposed beneficiary, and the circumstances of his
parent or guardian. In the States of Rhode Island and South Carolina, they should be made
to the commissionera of the funds for the education of the deaf and dumb, and in Vermont
and Connecticut, to the Governor. In all cases, a certificate from two or more of the select-
men, magistrates, or other respectable inhabitants of the township or place to which the ap-
plicant belongs, should accompany the application.
State Prieonj Wetherajktd. ^laonaxd R. Wellee, Warden. A. S. Warner, Physician.
David Miller, Chaplain. ' The whole number of convicts, March 31, 1860, was 175. During
the year, 61 had been received, and 43 discharged. 36 were discharged by expiration of sen-
tence, 4 were pardoned, and 4 died. Of those remaining in prison, 163 are males, — 121
white, and 4Si colored; and 12 are females, — 7 white, and 6 colored. The males are em-
ployed in making cabinet-work, cutlery, and shoes ; and the females in washing, cooking,
making and mending clothing, and binding boots. The average number in confinement dur^
Ing the year was 160. A smalt library was purchased for the use of the prisonera, under the
resolve of the General Assembly of 1847, and instruction in the rudiments of learning has
been given them. There is also a Sunday school connected with the prison. The receipts
for the year show a balance in favor of the prison.
Regiatration. —An act providing for the registration of births, marriages, and deaths
was passed by the General Assembly in 1848. Hie returns made under this act, for the year
ending August 5, 1849, are fer from complete, though more so than those of the previous
year, — severed towns wholly felling to comply therewith, and in othera only a part of the
school districts making the required returns. Hie repqrt of the Secretary of State (May,
1850) exhibits the following results, from all except six towns. Of the deaths, 709 were
under 1 year of age ; 703 were between 1 and 5 yeara ; 243 between 5 and 10; 296 between
10 and 20 ; 533 between 20 and 30; 446 between 30 and 40; 373 between 40 and 50; 350
between 50 and 60 ; 400 between 60 and 70 ; 471 between 70 and 80 ; 341 between 80 and 90 ;
80 between 90 and 100 ; and 8 were 100 or upwards. The greatest number of deaths in
any month was (in 184S) 398, in March; the smallest was 252, in December.
S38
NEW roftK.
[1851.
Births.
Marriages
..
Deaths.
'S
^6
.J.
•^
1^
residi
eStat
I
"i
Gountiei.
<]
:§3
M
1
1
U*
1
24
1
Both Res
theS
HustMind
outofth
1
1
•
.5»
1
Hanford,
705
(m
1,392
ao3
47
20
54^
480
494
8
982
New Haren,
673
655
34
1,362
-614
9
19
644
466
468
17
934
New London,
657
541
13
1,111
372
24
135
646
346
375
12
732
Fair6eld,
491
470
64
1,025
227
7
3
306
351
298
3
632
Windham,
295
291
2
589
207
13
38
300
232
234
7
473
Litchfield,
385
368
7
760
270
19
8
299
280
267
3
640
Middlesex,
295
239
37
671
165
15
10
216
191
189
3
383
Tolland,
216
197
16
197
429
147
12
146
2 3
167'
161
191
1
54
353
Total,
^,617
3,424
^,239
2,285
2,920
2,^95
2,500
5,049
VII. NEW YORK.
Government for the Year 1850. Salarj.
Hamilton Fish, of New York, Governor (term ends Deo. 31, 1850), $4,000
Geo. W. Patterson, ofWestfield, Lieutenant- Governor^ $6 a day.
Christopher Morgan, of Auburn, Sec, State fy SupU Com* Schools^ 2,500
Washington Hunt, of Lockport, Comptroller^ 2,500
Alvah Hunt, of Oxford, Treasurer^ 1,500
Levi S. Gbatfield, of Laurens, Attorney- General^ S,000
Hezekiah C. Seymour, of Rockland Co., State Engineer and Surveyor ^ 2,400
Samuel Stevens,
Daniel Lee,
Lewis Benedict,
Frederick Follett,
Jacob Hinds,
Charles Cook,
Darius Clark,
of Albany, Adjutant- Generalf
of New York, Commissary-General^
of Albany,
of Batavia,
of Hindsville,
of Havana,
of Canton,
of Ithaca,
Judge- Advocate General^
Canal Commissioner^
«
it
David D. Spencer,
Alexander H. Wells, of Sing Sing,
David K. Abell, of Albany,
Gideon Hard,
Elihu L. Phillips,
Alex. G. Johnson,
Inspector of State Prisons^
a u
u
K
of Albion, \
of Syracuse, )
of Troy,
of Albany,
of Albany,
of Fredonia,
Philip Phelps,
Charles C. Clark,
Francis H. Ruggles,
Alexander G Johnson, of Troy,
Alfred B. Street, of Albany,
Elisha W. Skinner, of Albany,
Robert H. Morris, of Albany,
Noble S. Elderkin,
1,000
700
500
1,700
1,700
1,700
1,600
1,600
1,600
$ 4 a day, and
5 cents a mile
for travel, each.
Dep. Sec. of State ^ Clerk of
Comm'rsqftheLandrQffice^ 1,500
Dep. Comptroller^ 1,500
Dep. Treasurer, 1,300
Auditor of Canal Department, 1,500
Dep. SupU of Common Schools, 1,000
State Librarian, 600
Assist. " 600
Private Secretary of Governor, 600
Speaker of the House, $ 4.00 a day.
Canal Appraisers,
\
1851.] KKW YOU. St33
Legidahtre.
The SeiuUe consists of tbirty-two members, who are elected for two
years, one from each senatorial district. The Assembly consists of one
hundred and twenty-eigbt members, elected annually. The pay of Sena-
tors and Representatives is $ 3 per day, and ^ 1 for every 10 miles* travel.
Judiciary.
1. Court for the Trial of Impeachments,
This court is composed of the President of the Senate (who is president
of the court, and when absent the chief judge of the Court of Appeals pre-
sides), the Senators, or the major part of them, and the judges of the Court
of Appeals, or the greater part of them. It is a court of record, and, when
summoned, meets at Albany, and has for its clerk and officers the clerk and
officers of the Senate. If the Governor is impeached, the Lieutenant-Gov-
ernor cannot act as a member of the court. Two thirds of the members
present must concur for conviction. The judgment of the court extends
only to removals from or disqualifications for office^or both ; the party being
still liable to indictment.
2. The Court of Appeals,
This court has full power to correct and reverse all proceedings and de-
cisions of the Supreme Court, or of the old Supreme Court and Court of
Chancery. It is composed of eight judges, of whom four are elected (one
every second year) by the people at large, for eight years, and four selectd^
each year from the justices of the Supreme CouK having the snortest time
to serve. These selections are made alternately firom the first, third, fifth,
and seventh, and from the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth judicial dis-
tricts. The judge (of the four chosen at large) whose term first expires
presides as chief judge. Six judges constitute a quorum. Every cause
must be decided within the year in which it is argued, and, unless re-
argued, before the close of the term after the argument. Four terms must
be held each year, and every two years there must be one term in each
judicial district. Each judge has a salary of ^ 2,500 per annum. The court
for 1851 is thus constituted : —
Chosen by the People at Large, Term expires.
Greene C. Bronson, of Albany, Chief Judge, Dec. 31, 1831.
Charles H. Ruggles, of Poughkeepsie, *« 1853.
Addison Gardiner, of Rochester, " 1855.
Freeborn G. Jewett, ' of Skaneateles, ^ 1857.
Selected from the Justices of the Supreme Court to serve uniU Dec, 31, 1850*
W. T. McCoun, of Oyster Bay. Hiram Gray, of Almira.
■ Alonzo C. Paige, of Elizabethtown. James Mullett, of Buffalo.
Charles S. Benton, of Mohawk, Clerk, Salary, $ 2,000.
3. The Supreme and Circuit Courts,
The Supreme Court has general jurisdiction in law and equity, and power
to review judgments of the County Courts, and of the old Courts of Com-
20*
S34
MKW YORK.
[185L
mon Pleas. For toe election of the jmtices, the State is divided into eight
judicial diitricts, each of which elects four to aerye eight yean, with an
annual salary pf $ 2,500. In each district one justice goes oat of office
every two years. The justice in each district whose term fint expires, and
who is not a judge of the Court of Appeals, is a presiding justice of the
court, and the clerks of the several counties serve as clerks. At least
four general terms of the Supreme Court are held in each district every
year. Every county has each year at least one special term, and two Cir-
cuit Courts. Any three or more of the justices (including one presiding
justice) hold the general terms; and any one or more hold the special
terms, at which are heard all equity cases, and Circuit Courts, which are
held exclusively for the trial of issues offset.
Justices of the Supreme and Circuit Courts,
Justices. Seaidence. Term expires.
First District.
E. P. Hurlbut, New York, Dec. 31, 1851.
If
J. W. Edmonds, New York,
H. P. Edwards, New York,
Wm. MitclieU, New York,
Second District.
W. T. McCk)un, Oyster Bay,
Nathan B. Morse, Brooklyn,
Seward Barculo, Poughkeepsie, "
John W. Brown, Newtmrg,
TMrd District.
Ira Harris, Albany,
Malbone Watson, Catakill,
Amasa J. Parker, Albany,
W. B. Wright, Monticello,
Fourth District.
Alonzo C. Paige, Elizabethtown, "
JohnWillard, Sarat. Springs, "
Angus. C. Hand, Schenectady,
Daniel Cady, Johnstown,
Cf
((
f(
i(
tt
It
(f
tt
ft
tt
tt
Justices.
Daniel Pratt,
Residence. Term expires.
Fijth District.
E^racote, Dec. 31, 1813.
1653.
1856.
1857.
1863 Philo Gridley, Utica,
1855. Wm. F. Allen, Oswego^
1857. Fred. W. Hubbard, Herkimer,
Sixth District.
■
1851. Hiram Gray, Elmira,
1853. Charles Mason, Hamilton,
1855. Levinufi Munson,* Hobait,Del.Co.|
1867. W. H. Shaoklatid, CoitiandviUe,
Seventh Distriet*
1861. Henry W. Tayior,t Canandaigua,
1853. Henry Welles, Penn Yan,
1855. Samuri L. Seldon, Rochester,
1857. ThoibasA. JohnBon,Coming,
Eighth Disftritt.
1851. James MuOet, ' . Bufl^io^
1863. Seth E. SiU, Buffido,
1855. R. P. Marvin, Jamestown,
It
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
ti
tt
M
It
tt
1851.
1868.
1866.
1867.
1851.
1853.
1856.
1867.
1861.
1853.
1866.
1857.
1857.1 James G. Hoyt, Attica,
4. County or Surrogates* Courts.
When the real estate, or all the defendants, or all the parties interested,
are in the county, the jurisdiction of the County Courts extends to actions
of debt, assumpsit, and covenant, when the debt or damages claimed are not
above $ 2^000 ; to actions for injury to the person or trespass upon property,
where the damages are not above ) 500 ; and to replevin suits, where the
property claimed is not above ) 1,000. They have equity jurisdiction for
the foreclosure of mortgages ; for the sale of the real estate of infants ; for
partition of lands ; for admeasurement of dower ; for the satisfaction of
judgments. where above $75 is due on an unsatisfied execution; and for
the care and custody of lunatics and habitual drunkards. The Surrogates*
Courts have the ordinary jurisdiction of courts of probate.
* Appointed by the Governor, in place of Judge Morehouse, deceased,
t Appointed' by the Grovernor, in place of Judge Maynard, deceased.
1861.] NEW YORK. S35
5. CrimUuil Caurii.
These are the Courts of Oyer and Terminer and the Court of Sessions.
The Courts of Oyer and Terminer, in each county, except in the city and
county of New York, are composed of a justice of the Supreme Court, who
presides, the county judge, and the two justices of the peace chosen mem-
befB of the Court of Sessions. The presiding justice and any two of the
others form a quorum. In the city and county of New York, they are com-
posed of a justice of thd Supreme Court, who presides, and any two of the
following officers : judges of the Court of Common Pleas of the city and
county ; the mayor, recorder, and aldermen of said city. These courts are
all held at the same time and place at which the Circuit Courts are held.
Courts of Sessions are composed of the county judge and the two justices
of the peace designated as members of the Court of Sessions, and are held
at the same time and place as the County Courts.
6. Courts qfJfew York City and CowUy.
Superior Court.
Judges.
Salary.
Term axpirea.
Thomas J. Oakley, Chief Justice^
^3,500
Dec. 31, 1851.
Lewis H. San ford,
do.
" 1853.
Elijah Paine,
do.
»' 1855.
J. L. Mason,*
do.
« 1851.
John Duer,
do.
", 1853.
Wm. W. Campbell,
do.
" 1855.
D. R. Floyd Jones, Clerk,
1
Common Pleas,
Daniel P. Ingraham,
$3,000,
Dec. 31, 1851.
Charles P. Daly,
do.
" 1853.
Lewis B. Woodruff,
do.
" 1655.
James Conner, CUrk,
Alex. W. Bradford, Surrogate,
$3,000,
•* 1851.
Marine Court.
Edward E. Cowles, let Judge, $ 2,000, 2d Tuesday in May, ia53.
James Lynch, do. ** " *»
Education. — The amount of capital and annual revenue of the several funds appropriat*
ed to the purposes of education, for the year ending September, 1849, was as follows : —
Capital. Revenue.
Common School Fund, •2,243,563.36 #106,236.91
United States Deposit Fund, 4,014,620.71 256,202.68
Literature Fund, 265,966.78 17,089.96
• 6,624,060.86 •380,629.46
* Judges Mason, Duer, and Campbell attend only to salts transferred from the Supreme
Courts which court is empowered to tnuosier pending suits, by order, to th« Superior Court.
S36 MKW TORS. [1851.
There has alao been paid from the fanenl fund tat Uib inetniction of the deef aod dumb
#26,778.31; and to the institution for the bUnd, 918,476.80; making the whole sum paid
during the year for the purposes of education, • 424,784.68. To the Conunon School Fund
belong about 301,769 acres of land, and to the Literature Fund about 10,880 acres.
Common Sehoolt. — Of the funds deroted to education as above, what is ezdusifelj the
ComoKHi ScIkkA Fund may be stated as follows:— >
Productive capital of the School Fund as above, #3,943,668.36
Amount from United States Dbposit Fund which will produce • 166,000,
the sum annually appropriated therefrom, for the support of Oomnaoa
Schools, at six per cenL interest, . 2,750,000.00
Sum reserved by the constitution to be added annually to the capital of the
School Fund, 25,000.00
Making a total of #6,018,663.36
The annual interest on this sum, at six per cent, is •301,113.80. The balance of the in-
come of the United Statee Deposit Fund is appropriated to the iuppoit of Colleges, Acad-
emies, the Normal School, Indian Schools, Teachers' Institutes, kc. The income of the
Literature Fund must, by the constitution, be applied to the support of Academies.
TtM whole amount of public money received fiom aU sources by the OommiasianerB of
cities, and town Superintendents, during the year ending July 1, 1849, waa # 846,710.46.
Apportioned for teachers' wages, f 626,466.69 ; for libraries, # 93,104.82. Leaving balance
unapportioned, of • 128,143.94. The amount paid on rate bills for teachem* wagee, besides
public money, was #4d9,696.9a
StatisiicB of the Common SehooU Jbr the Year ending Jtdjf, 1, 1849. — Number of
whole districts in the 878 towns and 81 wards of cities of the State, 11,191. Number of
parts of districts, 2,780. Returns were received from 10,928 districts. Average length of
schools in all the districts, 8 months. Volumes in district libraries, 1,409,164. 778,309
children were taught during the year. 739,656 were returned between 5 and 16 years of
age. 269,638 pupils attended school less than 2 months; 608,671 attended 2 months
and upwards; 316,430, 4 and upwards; 166,968, 6 and upwards; 70,378, Sand upwards;
21,793, 10 and upwards ; and 6,687, attended school for 12 months. Ttiere are about 11,000
colored children between 6 and 16 in the State, and 4,006 in the 36 colored schools,
f 6,016.67 of public money waa appropriated to these schools. 76,000 children are prob-
ably taught annually in private schools. There are, besidee, schools for the instruction of
Indian children in the several reservations. 641 Indian children are reported between 6 and
16 years, and 600 as having attended scIkwI. A large and commodious edifice has been
erected for the use of the Normid School. Between four and five hundred pupils attend this
School annually, from all sections of the State. Tiiere has been a diminished interest in re-
gard to teachers' institutes.
FiVARCES.
Debt of the State. —The general fund and railroad debt, at the close of the fiscal year
ending September 30, 1849, was • 6,389,693.32, and the canal debt at the same period was
#16,414,623.67. Making an aggregate of #22,804,216.99, — on which accruee, annually,
nearly # 1,259,036 interest. There is alao a contingent debt, consisting of State stock and
comptroller's bonds, of # 1,233,906.60, upon which the Stata does not pay interest. This will
make the total indebtedness of the State #21,038,122.69.
Tlie property of tlte Stata, in addition to the educational Ainds mentioned above, consists
of the works of intamal improvement, which, at their eoet valuation, (i. e. the amount
expended upon them to date,) are worth f 33,214,168.62. But the whole amount of tolls de-
rived from them during the year is #3,442,906.62, — which gave, after deducting expenses,
theiMT income of #2,767,102.71. This is 6 percent interest upon #46,961,711.83, which may
be taken as the worth of the works of the State. The average net annual income for the last
five years is #2,370.78, which is equal to a capital of #39,515,279.66, at six per cent, interest
1851.]
NEW YORK.
S37
Tbe amount of debt incarred |br tlirir eonatroctton, ind yet unpaid, Is, as stated above,
• 16,414,523.67. The taxable property of New York, in 1848, was • 666,089,526, being
• 536,162,901 of real estate, and $129,926,625 of personal estate. The State and county
taxes were •4,174,2r7.64 ; the town taxes, 1,374,703.74. Total taxation, •5,548,981.28, —
diaklng the rate of State, county, and town taxes, 8.3 mills on a $ 1.00 valuation. The
highest rate was 26.7 milk on • 1.00, in Hamilton County ; th« lowest 3.1 mills, in Ontario
•ad Queens Counties.
General Fundi
Kerrenue for the year ending September 30, 1849, .
Expenditures Ibr Um nme period, ....
'Surplus of revenue, .......
•Seduet deficiency of last year,
Surplus on hand, Sept. 30, 1849, ....
$992,688.00
842,316.06
150,371.94
37,092 72
113,279.22
Chitf Bourcee of Income.
Auction duty, .... • 93,025^46
Salt duty, .... 61,696.98
Segister and clerk fiBes, . . 1,534.60
Fees of Secretary's office, . 1,550.30
PeddlersMicenses, . . . 1,445.00
Foreign insurance companies, 6,052.16
Interest on arrears of county taxes, 16,797.17
" Treasury deposits, . 14,428.12
Surplus revenue of canals, annual
appropriation, . . . 200,000.00
State tax, .... 273,843.10
Sales of land, .... 1,310.00
Sales of land for taxes, . . 203,341.55
Arrears of county taxes, . . 63,359.20
Scoharie County, for enforcinglaw, 1,000.00
Miscellaneous and temporary re-
ceipts, 4,684.33
Principai Items of Expenditure.
Executive, $38,964.92
Judiciary 109,909.86
Legislature, .... 89,886.96
State printing, . . . 75,448.37
Deaf and dumb, .... 40,778.34
Blind, \ . . . . 33,476.89
Agricultural societies, . . 6,563.00
Onondaga Salt Springs, . . 29,754.06
State Prisons, .... 84,394.71
State Library, . . . 7,901.37
Hospital, New York, . . . 22,500.00
House of Refuge, for Western N. Y., 19,300.00
Foreign poor, .... 5,000.00
Orphan Asylums in State, . 6,000.00
New York Arsenal, . . . 22,657.49
Geological survey, . . . 13,724.26
Normal School building, . . 28,500.00
Miscellaneous and temporary, 35,477.54
BanA FV/fid.— This fund was made up by annual contributions from the incorporated safety-
liind banks, of one half of one per cent, on their respective capitals, and was by law appro-
priated to the payment of the debts of such banks liable to contribute the same, as should
become insolvent. The fund has been exhausted, and there are $ 779,696.02 of six per cent,
stock now outstanding, to meet the wants of the fund, — which stock, except $ 106,331.62,
now in the treasury, or invested, is to be provided for out of the Aiture contributions by the
banks to the fund. The whole eircuUaion i«deemed for Insolvent banks is $ 1,603,366.64 ;
debts paid, • 1,910,625.12; making a total of % 2,513,991.76 that has been charged upon the
bank fund. The notes of every insolvent safety-fund bank which has failed have been re-
deemed. There are now 77 of these incorporated banks in operation, and two branches,
whose aggregate capital amounts to $ 28,960,860. Circulation to which they are entitled,
• 23,282,400. Actual circulation, $21,406,861.
Free Banks. — Hie Free Bank Fund consists of bonds and mortgages, and stocks de-
posited with the Comptroller, and moneys received on the same and held by him, for the
redemption of the circulating notes issued by banks and' individual bankers, under the gen-
eral banking law. The whole number of associations is 68 ; of individual banks, 56 ; in all,
113, whose aggregate circulation, Dec. 1, 1849, was •11,180,675, and whose whole amount
of securities deposited was • 1 1,916,806.39.
838 xsw JcaMV. [I85t.
VIII. NEW JERSEY.
Government for the Year ending January, 1851.
Daviel Hainbb, of Sussex Co., Governor (term of office Salaiy.
expires January, 1851), 4^1^00
Gh. G. McChesney, of Trenton, Secretary of Statey Fees.
Samuel Mairs, of Trenton, Treasurer^ 1,000
Theodore F. King, of Perth Amboy, Superintendent ef Public SekooU.
Ephraim Marsh, of Morris Co., Free, of the SenaU^ $4.00 a day.
John T. Nixon, of CumberiM Co., Speaker of the Aceembly^ 4.00 a day.
Philip J. Gray, of Camden Co., Cferk of the Senate^ 3.50 a day.
Alex. M. Cumming, Clerk of the JesewMy, 3,50 jl day.
Judiciary.
Court of Errors and JippeaJs,
This court is composed of the Chancellor, the Judges of the Supreme
Court, and six other judges appointed by the Governor, with the consent
of the Senate, who hold office for six years, one judge vacating his seat
each year in rotation. The court holds stated terms at Trenton, on the
third Tuesday of January, April, July, and October.
James Speer, of Passaic Co.,
Joseph l*orter, of Gloucester Co.,
Ferdinand S. Schenck, of Somerset Co.,
Robert H. McCarter, of Sussex Co.,
Garret D. Wall, of Burlington,
Robert S. Risley, of Salem Co.,
Court of Chancery.
The Chancellor is appointed by the Governor, with the consent of the
Senate, for seven years. This court holds four terms annually at Trenton,
on the third Tuesday in March, June, September, and Decembe'.
Term expires. Salarj.
Oliver S. Halsted, of Newark, ChancMor, . 1852 $ 1,800 and fees.
SamuelR.Gummere, of Trenton, Clerk^ 1850 Fees.
Supreme Court,
The judges are appointed by the Governor, with the consent of the Sen-
ate, for seven years. This court holds four terms each year at Trenton,
on the first Tuesday in January, April, July, and October ; and the judges
of this court hold Circuit Courts and Courts of Oyer and Terminer four
times a year in each county, except the counties of Atlantic and Cape May,
in which only two terms are held. Courts of Common Pleas are held four
times a year in each county, by judges appointed by the Legislature for five
years, who receive fees, but no salary, and the number of whom is limited
to five in each county^
Term expires. Salary.
Henry W. Greene, of Trenton, Chiff Justice^ 1853 $1,500 and fees.
Elias B. D. Ogden, ofPaterson, Associate JtisUce^ 1855 1,400 and fees.
Term expires,
Jvdge^
1851
u
1852
<t
1853
<c
1854
Ci
1855
ct
1856
1851.] KEW JIR8IT. 939
Tenoa tzpiiw. SUaijr.
James S. Neyias, of N. Branswick, JI$9oe. Jiutiee, 1852 $ 1,400 and fees.
Jos. F. Randolph, of N.Branswick, «< 1852 1,400 and fees.
Thos. P. Carpenter, of Woodbury, ** 1852 1,400 and fees.
Lacius J. C. Elmer, of Bridgeton, wflttomey- General, 1855 80 and fees.
James Wilson, of Trenton, CUrk^ 1852 Fees.
A. O. Zabriskie, Rt^forter, $ 200
FiNANCXS.
Balance OQ hand, Januaiy, 1849, •10,823.13
Whole amount received in 1849, 125,690.82
• 136,513.95
Whole amount expended, 126,652.75
Balance in Treasurj, January 1, I860, •9,961.20
Prin. Itema of Expenditure to Jan. 1, 1860.
Baikling, furnishing, and expeDsee
of Lunatic Asylum, . •34,407.93
Support of deaf and dumb and Uind, 4^056.90
SalacieB of EzecutiTe and Judiciary, 16,106.99
Slate Prison 7,108.46
TransportatioD of prisoners and costs, 6,966.69
Legislature, .... 16,354.98
Pensions, 1,978.78
Yarioos incidental ezpenses, . 31,925.04
• 126,552.75
On hand, January 1, 1850, . 9.961.20
Ckk/aoureee of Income to Jan. 1, 1850.
FraQsit duties on railroads and ca*
nals •66,298.56
Diyidsnds on stock of railroads and
canals, 94,000.00
Taxes on railroad stock, . 6,500.00
Interest on bonds of Camden and
Amboy Railroad, . . . 1,458.78
Court of Errors and Appeals, . 2,507.60 Specialloan, .... 22,000.00
Printing, 6,219.39 State Prison, . . -. . 4,760.00
Incidental, 683.48
• 125,690.88
Balance on hand, January 1, 1849, 10,823.13
•136,613.95
• 136,513.95
The whole amount of the absolute debt of the State is •67,696.88
Annual Interest npoa absolute debt, 4,076.84
TheralueoftheproductiTepropertyownedby the State, in 1860, was . 262,397.53
The ralue of the State property not now productive, consisting of the Surplus
Revenue lent to the counties without interest, 764,670.60
Whole amount of School Fund owned l^ the State, . . •388,882.86
Of this, there is unavailable the sum of .... . 11,169.86
Total availaUe School Fund, 377,413.01
Common Sehoolo. — Nuniber of townships making rstums, 166; number of districts in
those townships, 1,661 ; returns received from 1,465. Children between 5 and 16, 118,992;
children attending school less than 4 months, 7,625; less than 8 months, 8,319; less than
12, 8,107; colored children taught, 1,135 ; whole number of children taught, 70,063. Aver>
age length of schools in months, 9 ; average price of tuition per quarter to each (Mipll, •2.06 ;
anMopriated or received Ibr school purposes, • 119,361.30; expended for same, •75,029.80.
Banie, Jamuary, I860. — There are 24 banks. Capital, •3,696^790; circulation,
•8,648,362; deposits, •1,886,596; due other banks, •296,570; surplus, •543,776; biUs re-
ceivable, •6,198,676; due from other banks, •1,452,057; specie, 9630,734; real estate
• 300,037 ; bonds and mortgages, hx.. , • 257,568. Suspense account, • 21 ,889.
Bta»e Lunatie AMjflum, THntoh. — H. A. Buttolph, M. D., Superintendent The asy.
lum was opened for the admission of patients May 16, 1848, idthough the building was not
then entirely completed. January 1st, 1849, there were in the asylum 83 patients (46 males,
37 females). Received during the year, 96 (55 males and 41 females) ; 60 were discharged ;
leaving, January 1st, 1860, 110 (62 mates and 48 females) ; 188 (108 males and 80 fomalss)
t40 PEMIWYLTAIIIA. [1861.
hare bem admitted sliiea the opening of the institution. The ballding is noiw completed, is
warmed by steam, lighted by gas, and thoroughly Teniilated. 2>rme. — Bo«rd per week
for those supported at public charge, 43; for those supported by friends, $ 3 and upwards,
according to the nature of the case and their ability to pay. A bond is required in the penal
sum of 1 500, to pay all charges for Iward, Sec, and also to pay not exceeding # 50 for such
damages to the property of the asylum as may be dene by the patient.
Sftaie PriaoHj TYenton. —J. B. Gaddis, Keeper. Number of priaoners, Dee. 81, 184B, 17IS.
Received during the year, 108. Total, 984. Discharged during the year, by eo^piFatifm gf
sentence, 79; by pardon, 17; by death, 3 (one killed by insane prisoner and one by aaicide) ;
in all, 99. Remaining in prison, December 31, 1849, 185. White, —males 125, females 9;
colored, — males 61. 4 were committed for manslaughter, 6 for murder in the second degree^
4 for rape, 4 for forgery, 32 for burc^y, 34 for larceny, 38 for violent assaults, and 4 for
burning. 90 were natives of New Jersey, 27 of New York, 19 of Pennsylvania, and 39 were
foreigners. The longest sentence is for 20 years, and two are under that sentence.
IX. PENNSYLVANIA.
GowrnmmUfor the Year 1851.
William F.Johnston, of Armstrong Co., Govertwr^ (tenn of office Shdary.
expires on the 3d Tuesday of January , 1852,) ^ 3,000
Alexander Russell, of Bedford Co., Sec. of State ^ Sup, Com. Schools^ 1,700
A.W.Benedict, of Huntingdon, Deputy Secretary qf StaU^ 1,200
John M. Bickell, of Schuylkill Co., StaU Treasurer, 1,700
J. N. Purriance, of Butler Co., Auditor-General^ 1,700
John Laporte, of Bradford Co., Surveyor- General, 1,400
Thomas J. Rebrer, of Berks Co., Deputy Surveyor- General^ 1,000
Wm. H. Irwine, of Bedford Co., Adjutant- General, 300
Maxwell McCasIin, of Greene, Speaker of the Senate*
Job n S. McCalmont, of Clarion, Speaker of ike House,
Morris Longstretb, of Montgomery Co., \
Israel Paynter, of Westmoreland Co., > Canal Commissioners,
John A. Gamble, of Lycoming, )
JuDiciAmr.
Supreme Court.
John B. Gibson of Carlisle, Chief Justice, Jj3,666.67
Molton C. Rogers, of Laqcaster, Associate Justice, 2,400.00
TbomasBumside, of Centre Co., " 1,600.00
Richard Coulter, of Westmoreland Co., ^ 1,600.00
Thomas S. Bell, of Chester Co., <* 1,600.00
Cornelius Darragh, of Alleghany, Attomey-General,if2l^ and fees.
George W. Harris, Reporter of Supreme Court Decisions.
Joseph S. Cohen, Prothonotary for the Eastern District, Fees.
Wm. McCandless, « " Western " "
P.C.Sedgwick, " " Middle " "
Charles P. Pleasants, »* " Northern " "
The judges of the Supreme Court appointed before 1843 have four dol-
lara a day while engaged in holding oourt or trayelling to and from the
1851.] PENNSYLVANIA. 941
fame. Thoee appointed since, and whose salaries are ^ 1,600, hare three
dollars a day while thus engaged, as a full allowance for travelling expen-
ses. They hold court in bank, once a year, in four several districts : — let,
for the Eastern District, at Philadelphia ', 2d, for the Middle District, at
Harrisburg ; 3d, for the Northern District, at Sunbury ; 4th, for the West-
em District, at Pittsburg.
District Courts.
There are four District Courts, which are invested with the civil jurisdic-
tion of the Common Pleas in their respective districts in all cases exceeding
a certain amount. Salary.
George Sharswood, Pres. Judge for City and Co, of Philaddphid^ $2,000
John K. Findlay, 1st Assist. Judge " " 2,000
George M. Stroud, 2d Assist, Judge " ** 2,000
Hopewell Hepburn, Pres. Judge for the County of AUeghany^ 2,000
Walter H. Lowry, Judge « " 2,000
Courts of Common Pleas,
For the sessions of this court, the State was formerly divided into 21 dis-
tricts. Last winter, the number of districts was increased to 24. The fol-
lowing is a list of the judges.
Districts. President Judges. Salary.
I.Philadelphia, Edward King, $2,600
Judges, James Campbell, Anson V. Parsons, Wm. D. Kelley, each 2,600
2. Lancaster, Ellis Lewis, 1,600
3. Northampton and Lehigh, . ■ . . J. Pringle Jooes, 1,600
4. Centre, Clinton, and Clearfield, . . Geo. W. Woodward, 2,000
5. Alleghany, Wm. B. McClure, 2,500
6. Erie and Crawford, Gaylord Church, 1,600
7. Bucks and Montgomery, . . . David Krause, 1,600
8. Northumberland, Lycoming, and Columbia, Joseph B. Anthony, 1,600
9. Cumberland, Perry, and Juniata, . . Frederic Watts, 2,000
10. Westmoreland, Indiana, and Armstrong, Jno. C. Knox, 1,600
11. Luzerne, Susquehannah, and Wyoming, . William Jessup, 2,000
12. Dauphin and Lebanon, .... John J. Pearson, 1,600
13. Bradford, Tioga, Potter, and McKean, . Horace Williston, 2,000
14. Washington, Fayette, and Greene, . Samuel A. Gilmore, 1,600
15. Chester and Delaware, .... Henry Chapman, 1,600
16. Franklin, Bedford, and Somerset, . . Jeremiah A. Black, 2,000
17. Beaver, Butler, and Mercer, . . . John Bredin, 2,000
18. Venango, Jefferson, Warren, and Elk, . Joseph Buffington, 2,000
19. York and Adams, ..... Daniel Durkee, 2,000
20. Mifflin and Union, .... Abraham S. Wilson, 2,000
21. Schuylkill, Luther Kidder, 1,600
22. Monroe, Pike, Wayne, and Carbon, . Nathaniel B. Eldred, 1,600
23. Berks, David F. Gordon, 1,600
24. Huntingdon, Blair, and Cambria, . George Taylor, 1^600
21
S4S
PBNN8TLTANIA.
.[1851.
FlHA-VCKS.
The present debt of the State Is as follows:—
Six per ceau stocks, •2,041,022.51
Five per cent, stoclcs, 37,336,716.90
Four and a half per cent, stocks, . 200.000 00
Total funded debt, #39,677,739.41
Reliefnotes in circulation,. #663,164.00
Interest, certificates outsUnding, 179,422.91
" " unclaimed, ....... 4,448.38
Interest on unclaimed and outstanding certificates to be added to
them when funded, 11,294.34
Domestic creditors, Q^»^^-^ 933 434 51
Total, public debt, Dec. 31, 1849, #40,611,173.92
Public debt reduced during the year, 521,466.86
Begular annual interest on loans, 1,988,616.99
Add arrears of interest ($ 19,000) and guaranteed interest on internal Improre-
ment companies (#32,500), 61.500.00
Total interest for the year, #2,040,116.99
The value of the productive property owned by the State in 1849 was # 32,162,764.06.
Total receipts during the year ending November 30, 1849, . . . # 4,433,688 66
Balance in Treasury, November 30, 1848, 677,290.39
TV>tal revenue, #6,010,978.04
Total expenditures during the same period, 4,064,771 80
BaUnce in Treasury, November 30, 1849, #926,JA)7.24
Pnncipal Items of Expenditure. \ Chi^ Sources of Income,
Public improvements, . . #951,249.03 Tax on real and personal estate, #1,293,921.23
Expenses of government, .
MiliUa expenses, . . . 23,860.68
Pensions and gratuities, . . 19,70102
Charitable institutions, . • 65,000.00
Common Schools, . . . 179,360.41
Commissioners of Sinking Fund, 100,001.12
Loans 279,227.80
Interest on loans (and guaranteed
interest)
Domestic creditors, .
Cancelled reliefnotes, .
Damages on public works.
Penitentiaries,
Abatement of State tax, .
Counsel fees and commissions,
House of Refuge,
Spark arrester,
Weigh-lock, Beach Haven,
Miscellaneous, . • •
237,106.33 Canal and railroad tolls,
Loans, . . •
0>liateral inheritance tax,
Tax on bank dividends.
Tax on corporation stocks.
Retailers' licenses, .
Tax on loans, . .
Tavern licenses.
Premiums on charters,
Auction duties, ' .
Tax on writs, wills, deeds, &c
Auction commissions,
Tax on certain offices.
Militia fines, .
Lands, . . •
Brokers' licenses, .
Other licenses, . •
Tax on enrolment of laws.
Escheats, .
Miscellaneous,
2,040,116.99
9,315.25
. 76,000.00
21,557.20
. 23,058.13
45,508.45
. 4,738.16
4,000.00
. 3,000.00
4,480.10
. 7,609.13
1,628,860.13
391,62861
190,812.07
164,838.70
151,262.31
155,694.11
121,069.69
83,660.81
37,397.96
46,980.79
36,067.91
21,125.00
12,821.63
11,112.08
17,198.23
10,882.01
27,808.72
10,365.00
7,881.61
23,621.96
Common Sehooh. -^The whole number of school districts reported, exclusive of the
city and county of Philadelphia, for the year ending June 5, 1849, was 1,370. The whole
number of schools was 8,287. The average number of months that schools were taught was
4.26. Whole number of teachers, 10,050. Average wages per month of male teachers,
#17.47; of female teachers, #10.32. The average number of scholars in each school was
43; and the cost of teaching each scholar per quarter, # 1.42^. The amount of tax levied
in the accepting districts was #683,187 ; received from the State appropriation, # 156,487.
The cost of instruction, fuel, and contingencies was # 562,930 ; of school-houses, repairs, &c.|
# 146,144. The number of taanbleB by the triennial return in 1848 was 460,7821
1861.J
DELAWARE.
S43
Bbum of R^kigt in 1849. — Namlwr of male Inmates, 174; of female, 48. Total, 218.
The average age of boys when committed was 13§ years ; of girls, 14| years. The expenses
of the institution during the year 1849 were $ 14,254.63; deduct earnings by labor of boys,
$ 6,356.64, and the net expense is • 7,897.99, or • 36.56 per inmate.
In the Institution /or the Deaf and Jhanb, there were, in 1849, 54 males and 53 females;
in all, 107.
X. DELAWARE.
«
Government for the Year 1851.
William Tharp, of Milford, Governor (tenn of office Salary,
expires on the 3d Tuesday in January, 1851), |^ 1,333^
' Daniel M. Bates,
Jacob Farris,
Hiram W. M'Colley,
W. W. Morris,
Daniel Cuminins,|
of Wilmington, Secretary of State, Fees and 400
of Newark, StaU Treasurer^ 500
ofMilford, Auditor^ 500
of Dover, President of the Senate,
of Smyrna, Speaker of the House,
Judiciary.
Superior Court,
of Newcastle, Chief Justice,
Samuel M. Harrington, of Dover, Associate Justice,
John J. Milligan, of Wilmington,
of Georgetown,
of Georgetown, Attorney^ General, Fees and 500
of Georgetown, Frothonotary of Sup. Court, Fees.
James Booth,
Edward Wootten,
Willard Saulsbury,
Robert A. Houston,
Robert H.lMoor,
Samuel Biddle,
((
cc
1 1,200
1,200
1,000
1,000
C(
cc
Kensey Johns, Jr.,
of Dover,
of Newcastle,
Court of Chancery,
of Newcastle, Chancellor,
Orphans* Court,
Amos H. Wickersham, of Newcastle, Register of Wills,
John Raughley, of Dover, " **
William Dunning, of Georgetown, ** **
FlNANCKS.
cc
cc
Fees.
Fees.
1,100
Fees.
Fees.
Fees.
Principal Jtearn of Expenditure.
Executive,
Legislature,
Judiciary,
School fund,
Sundries,
• 40,242.31
Chitf Soureea of Income,
1 2,358.33 Bank tax,
16,048.41 Railroad tax, .
6,600.00 Interest on loans, .
16,947.62 Bank dividends,
387.95 Retailers' licenses, &c.,
Fines,
Vacant land, •
. 86,280.41
2,600.00
. 5,147.62
16,245.00
. 3,067.74
. 204.23
57.86
• 32,502.86
JZetourees of the State.
Invested capiul (State and School), •414,725.83
Taxes on corporations (annual), 6,725.00
Dividends and interest on loans (annual), 90,052.64
Retailers and tavern licenses, " 2,989.76
Fines and forfeitures, 676.06
Other sources, 1,073.76
944
MAETLAND.
[1851.
Free Sehwh.
Ck)nntie8.
No. of
Schools.
No. of
Scholars.
4,969
3,876
4.443
Amount paid
For Tuition. Contingeaclea.
Amouul roceived
From Coulribuilon
School Fund, and Tax.
Newcastle,
Kent,
Sussex,
Total,
72
66
82
$17,293.72
10,964.72
10,203.26
$2,587.88
1,321.91
1,837.89
$9,898.19
8,153.82
9.455.32
$10,451.77
3,606.96
3,028.81
209
ia,2rtrt
38,461.70
6,747.68
$ 5,747.68
27,607.33
17,089.56
$ 17,089.56
$44,209.38
$44,596.89
For statistics relating to pauperism and crime, see the Amarican Almanao for 1849, psge
267. The seaaions of the L^giaUture are biennial.
XI. MARYLAND.
Government for the Year 1851.
Philif F. Thomas, of Talbot County, Gotemor (term exjrirefl Salary,
the lat Monday in Jan., 1651), Use of a furnished house and ^3,600
J. Nick. Watkins,
Dennis Claude,
James Murray,
G. R. Richardson,
John S. Gittings,
of Annapolis,
of Annapolis,
of Annapolis,
of Baltimore,
of Baltimore,
George G. Brewer,
Richard Swan,
John N. Watkins,
Secretary of Slate, 1,000
Treasurer, 2,500
Examiner' General, 8U0
Jittorney^General, Fees.
Commissioner of Loans
and Stamps, Fees and 750
Register of the land-Office, Fees.
State Librarian, 1,000
Adjutant-General, 500
John Johnson,
of Annapolis,
of Annapolis,
of Annapolis,
Judiciary.
Court of Chancery.
Appointed.
of Annapolis, 1846, Chancellor,
Louis Gassaway, Register. Cornelius M'Lean, Editor.
Court of .Appeals.
Thomas B. Dorsey, of EUicott's Mills, 1848, Chief Judge,
Ezek. F. Chambers, of Chestertown, 1835, Associate Judge,
Ara Spence, ofSnowhill,
Robert N. Martin, of Cumberland,
of Pr. Geo. Co.,
of Baltimore,
of Annapolis,
Salary.
3,000
A. C. Magruder,
William Frick,
Richard W. Gill,
Nicholas Brice,
Alexander Nisbet,
1835,
1845,
1845,
1848,
i(
u
it
u
2,500
2,200
2,200
2,200
2,200
2,200
Clerk and Reporter, Fees.
Chief Judge, Baltimore City Court, 2,400
Associate Judge, 1,500
The State is divided into six judicial districts, each comprising two, three,
or four counties. For each district there are a chief judge and two asso-
ciatefl, who constitute the County Courts for the respective counties in the
district. These are the common law courts of original jurisdiction in the
State ; and they have jurisdiction of all claims for $50 and upwards, ap-
1S51.] ^ MARYLAND. S45
pellate jurisdiction from the jadgment of justieefl of the peace, and equity
jurisdiction within the counties, coextensive with the Chancellor. The six
chief judges constitute the Court of Appeals for the State, which has appel-
late jurisdiction of cases at law and in equity, originating in the County
Courts, the Orphans' Courts (of which there is one in each county), and
the Court of Chancery.
Baltimore city and county constitute one of the six judicial districts, of
which Judge Frick is chief judge. The associate judges are John Purri-
ance and John C. Le Grand. The stated salary of the associate justices is
$ 1,500 and fees, which, in the Baltimore district, amount to as much more.
FlHANCXS.
Prior to December let, 1849, the amount of •260,118.96 of the aneara of ioteraet funded
bfthe resumption law of 1846-47 was paid off; since then, •351,192.83 additional have
been redeemed, and the treasurer adrertised that he would, on the Ist of October, 1860, re-
deem one lialf of what remained. The account will tliiMi stand as ibUows : —
Whole amount of arrears funded under the law of 1846, c. 238, . . . • 673,737.45
Redeemed before Dec. Ist, 1849, •260,118.98
Redeemed since Dec. 1st, 1849, and before Oct. 1st, 1850, . 351,192.83
Redeemed Oct. 1st, 1850, 133,712.83
745,024 63
Leaving unredeemed of funded arrears, •133,712(32
Ttiis balance will no doubt be redeemed in the course of six months from that date, and then
the original principal debt of the State, amounting nominally to • 15,291,360, will alone re*
main, the interest of which must be annually provided for. The annual receipts of the State
from the internal improvement companies, and from stocioB owned by the State, amount now
to nearly • 3(10,000, and are constantly increasing. All the taxes are becoming more and more
productive. The Sinking Fund every year absorbs a portion of the debt, and after 1860 the
surpluses now applied to redeeming the funded arrears will, by the operation of the law of
1846, be devoted to the redemption of the original principal debt. The annual surplus, afler
paying State expenses uid interest on the debt, is now about • 300,000. If none of the State
tax-laws are repealed b^ore 1860, they may then all be repealed ; for with the present reve-
nues, and by the operation of the Sinking Fund and surpluses, all of the debt will be re-
deemed or purchased by the State, except what may be provided for out of the receipts of
the internal improvement companies and stoclcs owned by the State. Then the debt so re<
maining will be no burden upon the State ; the interest on it being paid, and a sinking fund
for redeeming it provided for out of the receipts from public works and stocks owned by
the Slate. Much of the public debt of Maryland cannot be redeemed for 30 or 40 years, on
account of the terms of the loans, but will have to be purchased in the market.
The Sinking Fund is now, September, 1850, upwards of • 2,000,000.
A convention meets In November, 1860, to form a new constitution fbr the State, and will
remain in session until the work is completed. There is no doubt whatever, from its com-
position, that the public debt will be recognized as obligatory, and the present laws for its
liquidation confirmed. The constitution framed will be submitted to the people for ratifica*
tioninJune, 1661.
Debt of the State.
Amount of nominal debt, Dec. 1, 1849, • 15,909,981.18
Deduct Baltimore and Ohio Railroad loan, .... •4,197,000.00
" Tobacco loan, . 163,689.67
" SttSQuehanna and Tide*water Canals loan, . . . 1,000,000.00
_ 5,360,689 67
Leaves debt, the interest on which is to be provided for by taxation, . . • 10,649,291.61
The Sinking Fund, Dec. 1, 1849, was • 1,892,837.61, which has since increased as above,
and which must be deducted from the above debt to get the present actual liabilities of the
21*
M6
TISeiMIA.
[1861.
Bute. TV)ma«itbaielliMmief,ina(dditloiitotlMiMC«idiofibsaaniidUz, tbeSuuliM
• 5,293,925.18 of productive propertj, consiatins of macka, bonda, kc, and • 15,496,451.67
of unproductire property.
Principal Jtenu of ExptndiXwrt.
Annapolis and Elk Ridge Railroad, • 3,935.56
Civil officers, .... 10,006.47
Colleges, academies, and schools, 20,099.00
Indigent deaf and duml), l,9fJ6.97
Judiciarj
Legislature, 3,237.75
Militia, . . • . . 1,083.87
Penitentiary, .... 3,750.00
Pensitms, . ,. . 6,^10.65
Surplus revenue, . « . . 34,009.36
State cokmisation, . 10,000.00
Interest on public debt, . . . 715,665.95
Funded arrears of interest, 260,307.81
State tobacco inspection and ware-
house, 24,263.91
Contingent expenses, . . 7,096.17
Miscellaneous ejcpenses, • • 4,357.86
Chitf Sources of Income.
Auction duties and licenses, . . ( 24,049.48
Railroads, 127,019.77
Bank dividends and bonus^ "
Pines and forfeitures, .
Licenses by county clerks,
Road stock dividende,
StanpSf . • .
.•35,936.32
3,083.38
. 135,834.60
33,227.60
. 43,881.33
38,313.60|''Oi^^ >*«1 etempe oo lotterj
tickets 76,150.16
Canal corapaniei^, . . • 101,560.00
Direct tax, 631,898.37
Ikzeson
State and city of BaUimore stocks, 40,408. 16
Collateral inherituices, . . 12»132.3I
€ommissioDS of ez'ors and adm'is, ifl ,260.99
Commiflsionsofunisteea, . . 6,072.88
Foreign insurances, . . 7,386.44
Policies of insurance, • . 3,707.00
Protests, 4,967.97
Certahi officers, .... 11,634.94
Civil cominissi<Mis, . . . 976.60
IncorptMttted instituttons, . . 26,416.02
Tax for colonization, . 12,366.71
State tobacco inspector in Baltimore, 37,690.78
Balance in treasury, Dec. 1st, 1848, $315,945.32
Receipts for the year, 1,315,439.80
Total 117631,386.12
Expenditures for the year, 1.146 492.16
Balance in treasury, Dec. 1, 1849, 94d4,d92.96
XII. VIRGINIA.
Government for the Year 1851.
Term ends. Salary.
JohnB. Flotd, of Washington Co., Governor^ Jan. 1,1852, $3,333
*Baleigh T. Daniel, of Richmond, Councillor of SUUe^ Mar. 31, 1851, 1,000
John F. Wiley,
John M. Patton,
Robert Batler,
. Robert Johnston,
James Brown, Jr
of Amelia Co., " ^ Mar. 31, 1862, 1,000
of Richmond, " " Mar. 31, 1853, 1,000
oflsleofWightCo., 7V«<WMr«r, * 2,000
of Harrison Co., Auditor ofFuhUe Accounts^ 2,000
of Richmond, 2d Aud. fy Sup't Literary Fund, 2,000
Stafford H. Parker, of Richmond, Register of the Land-Office^ $ 2,000
Sidney S. Baxter, of Richmond, Attorney- General^ Fees and 1,000
W. H. Richardson, of Henrico Co., Secretary of the Commonwealth^
Adjutant- Gen. J and Librarian^ 1,720
CUrk of the Council and Sup't
of Weights and Measures, 1,300
Superintendent of Penitentiary J 2,000
Thomas F. Lawson, of Richmond,
Charles S. Morgan, of Richmond;
* Acting Lieutenant-Governor in the absence of the Governor.
1851.] yiRGivu* d47
Wm. H. Dennis, of Charlotte Co., Speaker of the Senate.
Henry L. Hopkins, of Powhatan, Speaker of the House,
Geo W. Mumford, of Richmond, Clerk of the House,
Joel Pennybacker, of Shenandoah Co., Clerk of the Senate,
The Governor, Treasurer, Auditor, 2d Auditor, and Register of the Land-
Office are, ex qfficio^ members of the Board of Public Works, Literary Fund,
Northwestern and Southwestern Turnpike Roads, and Blue Ridge Rail-
road Company. They do not receive extra compensation for this service.
Judiciary.
Court of Appeals,
Elected. Salary.
William H. Cabell, of Richmond, President, 1830, $5,750
Francis T. Brooks, of Spotsylvania Co., Judge, 1830, 2,500
John J. Allen, of Botetourt Co., " 1840, 2,500
Briscoe G. Baldwin, of Staunton, <« 1842, 2,500
William Daniel, of Lynchburg, " 1846, 2,500
Joseph Allen, of Richmond, Clerk of the Eastern (Hreuit, 1,000
John A. North, of Lewisburg, Clerk of the Western Circuit, 1,000
The judges are entitled to receive, in addition to their salaries^ 25 cents
.a mile for necessary travel. The Court of Appeals holds two sessions an-
nually ; one at Lewisburg, Greenbrier County, ibr the counties lying west
of the Blue Ridge, commencing on the 2d Monday in July, and continuing
90 days, unless the business shall be sooner despatched ; the other at Rich-
mond, for the counties lying east of the Blue Ridge^ commencing at such
times as the court may from time to time appoint.
Superior Court. — The State is divided into ten judicial districts, and
each district into two circuits, except the 4th, which has three. The 3d
circuit of the 4th district is the 21st district of the State, containing but a
single court, called the *' Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery for
the County of Henrico and City of Richmond.'* In this court there are
two judges, one on the law side, the other on the chancery side, each
with a salary of $ 2,000. On the disqualification of either of the two
judges now attached to this court, his duties are to devolve on the other,
without increase of salary. In the other circuits, each judge has chancery
and common law jurisdiction, with a salary of $ 1,500, and $4 for every
20 miles of necessary travel. A Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chan-
cery is held twice every year in each county, and in some corporations.
The five senior judges — namely. Judges Smith, Field, Lomax, Thomp-
son, and Leigh, of the old General (now Circuit) Court — constitute a Spe-
cial Court of Appeals, and also the General Court, which holds two terms
every year at the court-house in Richmond. One term begins the last
Monday in June, and the other the last Monday in December. The Gen-
eral Court has appellate jurisdiction in the last resort in criminal cases ;
also, original jurisdiction of probates and administrations ; and where the
judges of the Court of Appeals proper are disqualified by interest, or other-
wise, some of them sit as a Special Court of Appeals.
948
iriROINIA.
[1851.
ComUy Courts. — A coort sits in each eonntj erery month, held by ibnr
or more justices of the peace. These courts, held by plain farmers or
country gentlemen, hare a jurisdiction wider than that of aliy other court
in the State. Any one justice can hold a court in cases under ^ 20 in
Talue. At the monthly or quarterly sessions, held by lour or more justices,
deeds and wills may be proved, and chancery matters and suits at common
law be heard, — with a right of appeal to a superior court. These conrts,
exclusively, try slaves for all offences ; and they examine free persons
charged with felony, previously to their trial in the Circuit Court. Free
negroes and Indians are on the same footing with slaves.
Judges of the Circuit Courts,
Judget, Residence.
1. Richard R Baker, of Nansemond Co.
2. John W.Nash,
3. Goo. P. Scarburg,
4. J. B. Christiaa,
6. John T. Lomax,
6. John W. Tyler,*
7. John B. Clopton,
8. Daniel k. Wilson,
9. William Leigh,
of Powhatan Co.
of Accomac.
ofCharlesCityCo.
of Fredericksburg,
of Prince William Co.
of Richmond,
of Cumberland Co.
of Hall fax Co.
of Franklin Co.
Judges, Residence.
13. Isaac R. Douglass, of Morgan Co.
14. Daniel Smith, of Rockingham Co.
15. Benjamin Estill, of Wythe Co.
16. James £. Brown, of Wythe Co.
17. Edward Johnston, of Botetourt Co.
18. Matthew Dunbar, of Kanawha Co.
19. D. W. McComas, of Wythe Co.
20. Joseph L. Fry, of Wheeling,
c Jno. Robertson,* f Rlch'd,CAanc'yst'dl8.
'• \ John S. Caskie,* " Law side,
22. George Hay Lee, of Harrison Co.
((
tt
tt
u
tt
tt
• 24,089.17
3i9,ooaoo
7,603,916.85 %
1,065,600.00 ft
10. N. M. TUiaferro,
11. Richard H. Field, of Culpeper Co.
12. L. P. Thompson,* of Staunton.
Finances.
The aggregate debt of Virginia on the 1st Feb., 1850, was as follows : —
Revolutionary War debt, bearing 6 per cent, interest, ....
War debt of 1812, « 7 « .• ....
Ibu improvement debt, " 6 " *',».,
" 6 " " ....
" 6^ " " 25,300.00^
Debt for subscription to banks, '• 450 ,107.00
• 9,387,963.02
But of this there hi held by State agents, under the control of the Legislature, —
By Literary Fund, $1,096,106.50
By Board of Public Works, 366,862.41
• 1,462,968.91
Actual outstanding debt of Virginia, •7,924,994.11
The State is also liaUe conditioaally for guaranteed bonds for internal improvements,
• 6,039,292.
The productive property of the State, consisting of stocks and debts due, is •7,379,455.00
Property not now productive, 4,475,369.00
TV>tal funds held by the State, •11,864,814.00
* The judges marked thus (*) have a salary of • 2,000. The others have • 1,600 each.
t Internal Improvement Debt.
Debt incurred for the James River and Kanawha River and road improvements, • 4,506,583.33
" " for other river and canal improvements, 464,614.00
for ndlroad companies, . 2,261,115.81
for turnpikes and tuidge companies 476,496.71
lor State roads and for State and county roads, . . . 897,006.00
• 8,594,816.85
((
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tt
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It
tt
1851.]
VIEGINIi.
849
The net receipts from taxes duriog the year were $606,599.83, being an incieaae over the
previous year of $ 9,608.39.
Chief Items of Expenditure.
General Assembly, . . . $170,937.02
Officers of government, . . . 94,353.87
Interest on the public debt, . 490,357.74
Criminal charges, .... 39,109.99
Penitentiary, .... 15,330.12
Contingent expenses of courts, . 31,816.50
Expenses of militia, . . . 57,188.24
Commissioners of the revenue, . 31,731.45
Lunatic asylums, . . • 98,260.75
Deaf, dumb, and blind asylum, . 17,727.79
Contingent fund, . . . 16,925.32
Revolutionary half-pay claims, . 8,867.46
Public roads (direct from treasury), 17,233.00
Subscriptions to joint-stock compa-
nies, and appropriations to roads
Literary Fund (fixed and surplus
quotas, and including • 15,000 to
University of Va.),. . . #89,835.88
Dividends to stockholders of old
James River Co., . . 21,645.00
Expenses public guard at Richm*d, 21,701.9r
Chief Items of Receipts.
Ordinary revenue and taxation, $ 632,7^.74
out of loans obtained, .
Expenses of surveys, .
Military School, Lexington,
481,172.66
3,465.13
Dividends on bank stocks, . a66,188.4p
Bonus on bank dividends, . . 45,979.61
Internal improvements, . . 86,270.91
Interest on loans to Internal im-
(NTovement companies, kc., 182,272.14
Militia fines, .... 13,078.28
Loans obtained to pay subscrip-
tions to joint stock companies
and appropriations for roads.
471,016.81
21,000.00
Tax on lots.
Lands, .
• 62,542.32
192,260.07
253,609 slaves, at 32 cents, .
31 1 ,884 horses, mares, Ac. , at 10 cts. , 31 , 188.40
10,705 gold watches, at $ 1, . . 10,705.00
5,002 patent lever and lepine
watohes, at 50 cents, . . . 2,501.00
13,175 silver and metallic vratches,
other than gold, &c., at 25 cents, 3,293.75
33,168 brass and other metallic
clocks, at 25 cents, . . . 8,292.00
36,290 other clocks, al 12^ cents, 4,536.25
15,456 riding carriages, at IJ per ct., 23,766.57
9,210.00 lAnnuity from J. R. and Ean. Co.,
Taxes for 1849.
Attorneys, .... $5,590.00
Physicians, 8,610.00
$264,802.39 Dentists, 470.00
81,154.88 Bridges, ferries, &c., . . . 1,128.47
Licenses to merchants, . . 114,737.21
auctioneers, . . 3,992.00
brokers, . . . 2,400.00
vendera of patent medic, 180.04
peddlers, . . 6,472.06
ordinary-keepers, . 21,599.94
houses of private enter-
tainment, . . 3,212.32
venders of lottery tick., 20,000.00
77 stage-coaches,
2,031 Jersey wagons,
3,288 gigs,
4,746 pianos,
21 liarps,
Gold and silver plato.
Interest on money lent.
Income tax over $ 400,
((
tt
u
t(
((
ti
tt
tt
It
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
285.44
1,472.59
1,593.59
8,616.87
82.72
2,454.21
14,728.14
4,462.42
exhibiten of shows, . 1,015.00
insurance offices, . 3,013.32
owners of stallions, . 6,119.00
biUiardtables, . 1,797.50
bowling-alleys, &c., . 1,094.88
$664,199.83
Expenses of collection and insol-
Xentfl, 47,600.00
$606,699.83
((
((
((
((
Literary Fund. —The permanent capital of the Literary Fund amounted on the 1st of
October, 1849, to $1,661,160.82, and the revenue derived therefrom for the year amounted
to $ 95,935.65.
Schools. — Number of schools in 115 counties and towns, 3,399. Number of poor chUdren
In 107 counties and towns, 59,464. Total numberof poor children educated in 132 counties
and towns, 30,387. Amount expended for tuition of poor children, including books, compen-
sation to officers, and all other expenses, $ 63,794.39. Amount expended at district schools
in the town of Portemouth, and counties of Southampton and Washington, $1,317.08. Total
for tuition and expenses, $ 70,111.47. Average actual attendance of each poor child at com-
mon schools, 55i days, equal to nine weeks. Average amount paid for tuition of each poor
child at common and Lancastrian school, $ 2.30. Average at district schools, in the town of
Portsmouth, and counties of Southampton and Washington, $2.70.
MOETH CAROLINA.
[1851.
XIII. NORTH CAROLINA.
Datio S. Rxid,
to Jan. 1, 1853),
William Hill,
Charles L. Hinton, of Wake Co.,
Stephen Birdsall, of Raleigh,
William F. Collins, of Chatham Co.,
Government for the Year 1851.
Governor (teim of office, from Jan. 1, 1851, Salary.
A furniBhed house and $2,000
Secretary of State^ $ 800 and Fees.
Treasurer, 1,500
Clerk of the Treas, Dep.^ 500
Comptroller, 1,000
Speaker of the Senate.
of Raleigh,
Andrew Joyner, of Halifax Co.,
Robert B. Gilliam, of Granville Co., Speaker of the House of Commons*
Council of State, — Lewis Bond, of Bertie Co. ; Joshua Tayloe, of Beau-
fort ; Nat. T. Green, of Warren ; Charles L. Paine, of Davidson Co. ; John
Winslow, of Cumberland Co. ; Thomas A. Allison, of Iredell Co. ; and
Adolphus L. Erwin; of McDowell Co.
Pay, i^ 3 per diem while in service, and $ 3 for every 30 miles' travelling.
Judiciary.
Supreme Court,
Thomas Ruffin, of Orange Co.,
Frederic Nash, of Hillsborough,
Rich. M. Pearson, of Surry Co.,
Barth. F. Moore, of Halifax Co.,
James Iredell, of Raleigh,
Edm. B. Freeman, of Raleigh,
James R. Dodge, of Morgantown,
Chief Justice,
Associate Justice^
Attorney- General.
Reporter,
Clerk at Raleigh,
Clerk at Morgantoton.
$2,500
2,500
2,500
300
The Supreme Court holds three sessions in each year ; two in the city of
Raleigh, — to wit, on the 2d Monday in June and the last Monday in De-
cember, — and one at Morgantown, on the first Monday of August, for the
western part of the State; and continues to sit at each term until all the
business on the docket is determined, or continued upon good cause shown.
It has power to hear and determine all cases in law and equity, brought
before it by appeal, or by the parties. It has original and exclusive juris-
diction in repealing letters-patent, and also has power to issue all writs
necessary and proper for the exercise of its jurisdiction.
Superior or Circuit Courts.
Judges. — Salary, $ 1,950 each.
Thomas Settle,
John M. Dick,
D. F. Caldwell,
John W. Ellis,
^ John L. Bailey,
M. E. Manly,
of Rockingham,
of Greensboro',
of Salisbury,
of Salisbury,
of Hillsborough,
of Newborn,
of Chapel Hill.
Wm. H. Battle,
Barth. F. Moore, of Halifax Co., Attorney-General.
Circuit Solicitors.
W. H. N. Smith, of Murfreesboro'.
John S. Hawks, of Washington.
B. F. Moore, of Halifax Co.
John P.Poindexter, of Fayette ville.
Thomas S. Ashe, of Orange Co.
Daniel Coleman, of Concord.
Burgess S. Gaither, of Ashville.
•
1B51.] SOUTH CAROLINA. 951
The judges of the Sapreme and the Superior Courts are elected by joint
ballot of both houses of the General Assembly, to hold office during good
behaviour. Their salaries cannot be diminished during continuance in office.
Salary of a solicitor, $ 20 for each court which he attends, and fees for
conviction. The Attorney-General receives, in addition, |^ 100 for each
term of the Supreme Court which he attends.
The Superior Courts of Law, and the Courts of Equity, are held twice
each year in every county of the State. There are seven circuits, of about
ten counties each, which the judges ride alternately, never visiting, how^
ever, the same circuit twice in succession. The judges of these courts have
complete equity jurisdiction.
FlHAHCBS.
Becelptfl fom Nov. lat, 1846, to Oct 31sl, 1817, #261,717.66
Expenditures during the same period, ...».•••, 176,402.61
Excess of receipts, 76,316.04
State Debt. — This is contingent, and arises from hidorsements by the State of bondi of
railroad companies, to the amount oft 1,100,000. From this deduct $ 13,000 for bonds not
tUBed, and $ 110,000 for bonds paid ; which reduces the amount for which the State may ba
UaUe to 9 977,000.
Ikafand Dumb, — The comer-stone of the building for the N(Hrth Carolina lostltutloii
Ibr the Instruction of the Deaf and IHimb was laid April 14, 1848. The institution is in Ra-
leigh, neat the Sute-House. The grounds hare an extent of four acres. The main building,
when completed, will be 60 feet by 36, and four stories high. The two wings, each 36 by
22, run at right angles from the main edifice, and are three stories high.
Lunatic Asylum. — Tlie Legislature, at a late session, imposed a tax of one cent and
three quarters on every • 100 worth of land, and 6^ cents on every taxable poll per annum
for four years, to ndse a fund for building a lunatic asylum. The tax will yield about
#80,000 in the four years.
XIV. SOUTH CAROLINA.
Oovemmmt for the Year 1851. Salary.
W. B. Seabrook, of Edisto Island, Governor^ $3,500
W. H. Gist, of Union C. H., Ueutenani' Governor,
B. K. Hennegan, of Marion C. H., Secretary of StaUj Fees.
William C. Black, of York District, ComptroUer-Genaralj 2,000
Jeremiah D. Yates, of Charleston, Treasyrer, Ltower Dwisum^ 2,000
R.C. Griffin, of Abbeville Dist., '' Upper JHtision^ 1»600'
Wil Ham F. Arthur, of Columbia, Surveyor^ General^ Fees.
F.H.Elmore, of Charleston, Free. Bank of the State of S.a, 3,000
W.E.Martin, of Grahamville, Clerk of the Senate^ 1,000
Thomas W.Glover, of Orangebnrg, C^k of the House^ 1,000
The Governor is elected by the Senate and House of Representatives
jointly, to serve for two years, and is not reeligible until after the expiration
of four years. In case of his death, or removal firom office, the Lieutenant-
Governor acts as Governor.
958 80VTH CAROLINA. [1851.
LtgitUOure. — AtBemblM at Columbia, on the fburth Monday In Norem-
ber, annually. Representatives (124 in number) are chosen for two years,
on a mixed basis of population and taxation. Pay, $ 3 a day, and 10 cents
lor every mile of travel. The Senate consists of 46 members, who are
elected for four years ; one half chosen every second year. Pay of Sena-
tors the same as that of Representatives.
Judiciary.
The judges and chancellors are elected by joint ballot of both houses.
They hold their commissions during good behaviour, and receive a com-
pensation which can neither be increased nor diminished during their con-
tinuance in office. Repeated attempts have been made to limit their ten-
ure to 65 or 70 years but without success. A judge or chancellor may
order a special court, and a chancellor may hear cases, by consent, at
chambers.
Chancellors in E^ity,
Appointed. Salary.
job Johnston, of Newbury, 1830 $3,000
Benjaman Faneuil Dunkin, of Charleston, 1837 3,000
J.J.Caldwell, of Columbia, 1846 3,000
G. W. Oargan, of Darlington, 1847 3,000
Judges of the General Sessions and Common Pleas.
Josiah J. Evans, of Society Hill, 1829 3,000
J.B. O'Neall, of Newberry, 1835 3,000
D. L. Wardlaw, of Abbeville, 1841 3,000
Edward Frost, of Charleston, 1844^ 3,000
T.J. Withers, of Camden, 1847 3,00flr
Isaac W. Hayne, of Charleston, Attorney- General^ $1,100 and feeS'
A. M. Mclver, Solicitor for Eastern Circuity 900 and fees.
J. N. Whitner, •• Western ^ 900 and fees.
Simeon Fair, "*• Middle " 900 and fees.
T. N. Dawkins, '« Jforthem *< 900 and fees.
M. L. Bonham, <« Southern <• 900 and fees.
James A. Strobhart, of Grahamville, State Reporter j 1847, 1,500
Law Court of Appeals and Equity Court of Appeals, — The former, con-
nsting of all the law judges, for hearing appeals from the Courts of Law,
and the latter, of all the chancellors, for hearing appeals from the Courts
ef Equity, are held in Columbia on the first Monday in May and fourth
Monday in November. These courts are also held in Charleston on the
second Monday in January, for hearing and determining appeals for the
Districts of Georgetown, Horry, Beaufort, CpUeton, and Charleston.
Clerks. — At Charleston, T. J. Gantt. At Columbia, A. Herbemont
Courts for the Correction qf Errors, consisting of all the judges in law
«nd equity, to try constituticmal questions, or questions where the law and
equity courts are divided, and which are referred thereto by either of the
1851.] SOUTH CAROLINA. 5M»3
courts, are held at auch timea, during the aitting of the Court of Appeal, aa
the chancellors and judges may appoint.
Courts of Common Pleas and General Sessions, — These courts hare
original jurisdiction in all civil cases where legal rights are inrolyed (except
in matters of contract where the amount is ^ 20 or under) and in all
criminal cases affecting free white men ; and appellate jurisdiction in all
appeals from Magistrates' Courts, and in appeals from the Court of Ordinary
in all cases except in matters of account. They are held in each and every
district of the State twice in each year. The times of holding the court for
Charleston District are the first Monday in May, to sit six weeks, and the
fourth Monday in October, to sit four weeks. Daniel Horlbeck, Clerk for
Charleston District,
Courts of Equity take cognizance of all matters belonging to a court of
equity, as contradistinguished from a court of law. A term is held by one
chancellor, annually, in each district,>except Charleston District, where two
terms are held ; viz. on the first Monday in February, to sit six weeks, and
on the second Monday in June, to sit four weeks.
City Court of Charleston. — An inferior court of limited jurisdiction
both in civil and criminal causes. William Rice, Recorder.
Ordinary's Court, — Each district has its own Ordinary. The principal
duties of the • Ordinary are to grant letters of administration ; probate of
wills; examine executors and administrators' accounts, &c. His office is
the proper depository of wills and other papers relative to the administration
of estates. An appeal lies from bis determination, in matters of account,
to the Court of Equity, and, in all other cases, to the Court of Common
Pleas. M. T. Mendenhall, Ordinary for Charleston District,
Magistrates* Courts have exclusive jurisdiction in matters of contract of
and under twenty dollars.
Court of Magistrates and Freeholders for the trial of slaves and free per*
sons of color for criminal offences.
' FlRAHCES.
Whole amrant raceired during the year endiog 30th September, 1849, . . •481,613.91
Whole amount expended, " " " " . . 418,723.96
Whole amount of State debt, " " " " . . 2,310,896.81
Property of the State in 1847.
Bank of the State of South Carolina, for capiul, $2,933,611.10
" ««' for sinking fund 653,022.77.
*' ** for balance due Treaenren, . . • 101,071.16
Debt ofraibroad and canal companies, : • 523,396.09
Shares in S. C. Raihroad Co. and Southwestern Railroad Bank, . . . 800,000.00
Balances due by tax-coUectOTB, sheriflb, &c., 9,415.61
Total, f6,oao^i7.aa
7\ixe8 for 1849.
368,714 slaves, .... $186,531.28
2,679 free negroes, . . . . 6,358.00
Goods, wares, and merchandise, 23,348.21
Professions, 6,616.36
23
Lots, $46,554.64
Lands, 30,567.23
Double taxes, arrears, &c., . . 1,279.22
Total, .... $299,164.93
854 GKOKGIA. [1851.
Frm Sekooh. ^Number of Mhoob In 1849, 1,023; numlMr of teaebsn, 1,019 ; number of
■cholan, 9,122. Amount expended 1^ the Legislature, in 1848, • 40,661.63. These echoola
are under the raperlntendance of commiasioDers appointed by the Legislature.
XV. GEORGIA.
Government for the Year 1851.
Gbokob W. TowHt, of Moioogee Co., Governor (tenn of office SaSary.
ezpirefl NoTember, 1851), j| 3,000
George W. Harrison, of Secretary qf StaU^ 1,600
William B. Tiniley, of Baldwin Co., Treasurer, 1,600
£. S. Chandler, of Carroll Co., ComplroUer- General, 1,600
J. R. Butts, of Sumpter Co., Surveyor' General, 1,600
John S. Thomas, of Baldwin Co., Director of the Central Bank,
Anderson W. Redding, of Harris Co., Keeper of the Penitentiary.
Jesse H. Campbell, of Baldwin Co., Commissioner of Deaf and Dumb.
William B. Wofford, of Habersham Co.,President of the Senate, |^ 5 a day.
Luther J. Glenn, of Henry Co., Secretary of the Senate, 500
John W. Anderson, of Chatham Co., Speakerof HouseofJR^.,^ 5 a. dfiy.
B.K.Harrison, of Stewart Co., Clerk of House of Rep., 500
The pay of members of the Legislature is $ 4 a day. The Legislature
meets biennially. The last Legislature met in November, 1849.
JUDICIART.
Supreme Court, Term ends.
Joseph H. Lumpkin, Chief Judge, 1852
Hiram Warner, Judge, 1850
Eugenius A. Nisbet, " 1854
The judges of the Supreme Court are elected by the General Assembly,
and are removable upon address of two thirds of each house. All causes
shall be determined at the first term ', and in case the plaintiff is not ready
ibr trial, unless he be prevented ** by some providential cause," the judg-
ment of the court below shall be affirmed. Judges of the Superior Court
are elected for six years, with jurisdiction exclusive in criminal cases, and
in land cases, and concurrent in all other civil cases. Justices of the infe-
rior courts are elected by the people, and act as probate judges. Justices of
the peace are elected by the people in districts.
The State is divided into eleven circuits, with a judge for each.
Salary.
Eli H. Baxter, of Chatham Co., Judge of Northern Circuit, $1,800
Henry R. Jackson, ... " Eastern " 1,800
Augustus H. Hansen, . . *• Southern ^ 1,800
James Jackson, .... *< Western " 1,800
Ebenezer H. Starnes, . . «• Middle *« 1,800
Herschell y. Johnson, . . . «< Ocmulgee *^ 1,800
1851.] FLORIDA. • 356
Salarj.
James H. Stark, . . . Ju%6 ^ Flint ^ Ciicuit, (1,800
Alford IvenoD, .... «' Chatahoochee<< 1,800
John H. Lumpkin, ... «< Cherokee '« 1,800
Edward Y.HiU, .... ** Coweta " ,2,100
LottWarreii, .... , " Southwestern <« , 8,1W
AlpheusCoIvard, . . . j9<tome^Gcn0raZ, $250and perquisitef.
Alex. Drysdall, of Chatham Co.,' Judge of C&urt of Oyer and Ter-
tntiter, Savannah, 1,000
John W. Wilde, of Richmond Co., Judge of Court of Oyer and Ter-
fmiMT, Augusta, 1,000
8. J. Ray, of Bibb Co., State PritOer.
FiNAHCKS.
The puUic debt of tfaa State consists of bonds issued for tbs>constniction of the Western
and Atlantic Railway. Its aggregate amount may be stated at (1,828,473^ of which
• 1,756,472 are in fedeiBl bonds payable at the treasury, and $ 72,000 in sterling bonds sold
by Messrs. Reid, Irving, & Co., of London, England. The semiannual dividends of interest,
as well as the principal of the sterling bonds, are payalde in London. $23,000 of this debt
is payable in January, 1860, and S 10,000 in July, 1863. The rest is redeemable from 1868
to 1874. The annual interest on the debt is • 110,223.33.
The annual receipts into the Treasury for all purposes average neatly #300,000, and the
annual expenditures are about $290,000. This includes a payment of about • 107,000 for
hiterest on public debt, and nearly $ 70,000 towards a sinking fund, for the payment of the
debt. The chief sources of income are the general tax, and a special tax on bank stock.
The principal items of expenditure are, the pay of the Legislature, biennially, about
• 66,000,' of the civil establishment, including the judiciary, aimoally, about $46,000;
Deaf, and Dumb and Lunatic Asylum, about $ 17,000 ; printing, an annual averaip of about
$6,000; and misceUaoeoas expenditures, annually, about $ 12,000. The items of interest on,
4Mnd reduction of, the public debt are additional.
There is in the State an asylum for the deaf and dumb, under the management of com>
missioners, and anotlier for lunatics, in the liands of trustees.
SUUe Penitentiary J MilledgevHU. — William W. WiUiamson, Keeper. Convicts in pris-
on, October, 1848, 98. Admitted during the year, 31, including one female ; making in all,
129. 37 have been discliarged during the year ; 1 pardoned by the Legislature ; 33 pardoned
by the Executive, and 3 died ; leaving in prison, 92. The pardons by the Executive aro
with a view to restoring the convict to his civil rights.
XVI. FLORIDA.
Oovemmeat for the Year 1851.
Thomas Browit, of Tallahassee, Oovemar (term expires SUary.
October, 1853), $1,500
Chas. W. Downing, of Jacksonville, Secretary of State^ Fees & 600
Simon Towle, of Tallahassee, Comptroller^ 1,100
Wm. R. Hay ward, . " Treasurer^ 800
John Beard, ** Register of Public Lands^ and
Sup't of Schools^ $ 1,200 and travelling expenses.^
•
866 • ALAMkuk. [1861.
' Salary.
Wm. B. Lanoastwr, of Key Weit, Clerk of the House, (5 a day daring
[the session.
Thoe. J. Eppes, Private Secretary ef Oovemor^ $ 200
The memben of the General Assembly are chosen on the first Monday
of October, bienniaUy, The Assembly meets btetmiaUy on the third Mon-
day in November.
JUDICIART.
Ciremt Courts, Salary.
Thomas Doaglas, of Jacksonrille, Chief Judge^ Eastern Circuit, $2,000
Thomas Baltzell, of Tallahassee, Judge, Middle ^ 2,000
George S. Hawkins, of Apalachicola, '* Western ** 2,000
Joseph B. Lancaster, of Key West, « Southern «* 2,000
David P. Hogue, of Tallahassee, Attorney- General arid Rep.j 500'
Rob't S. Hayward, " Clerk of Supreme Court, Fees.
James M. Landrum, of Walton Co., Solicitor^ Western Circuit, 800
Samuel B. Stephens, of Gadsden, « Middle ^ «^
John P. Sanderson, of Jacksonrille, ** Eastern ** ^
Ossian B. Hart, of Monroe, ** Southern " *•
The State is divided into lour circuits, Eastern, Middle, Western, and
Southern ; ahd the judges of the Supreme Court, in the order in which
they are named above, preside in their respective circuits.
Internal Ifnprovemente. — Thexe are no railroada or caDals m operation in this State*.
Die Goneial AflsemUj c^ 1848-49 chartered three companies lor theeBtablishment of rail*
Toeda ; (me, the Atlantic and Gulf Bailroad Company, to connect the waters of the Atlantic
and Golf of Mazl«>, upon such nmte as may be deemed most adrisaible and judicious by
the company ; another fat the purpose of constructing a communication between the Chat-
ahoochee Birer and the Gulf of Mexico, at some point on St. Andrew's Bay, to be called the
Fbrida and Georgia Railroad Company ; and another for the purpose of constructing a road
from some point on the St. Mary's RiTer to Pensac(Ha.
Finances.
Balance in the Treasury, for the year ending Not. 1, 1847, 93,755.10
Receipts during the year ending Nov. 1, 1848, 5G,832.72
Total rerenue, 60,587.82
EaqjMnditures during the year, 69,259.72
$1,323.10
XVII. ALABAMA.
Government for the Year 1851.
Henrt W.' Collier, of Tuscaloosa, Governor , (term of office ex- Silary.
pires on the 1st Monday in December, 1851), ^2,500
William Garrett, of Montgomery, Secretary of ^ate^ Fees and 1,300
Joel Riggs, of Montgomery, Comptroller of Public Accounts^ 2,000
William Graham, of Montgomery, State Treasurer^ 1,200
X851.] - ALABAMA. • 367
Sslarf.
Marion A. Baldwin, of Montgomery, Attorney- OenenUj Fees and ^ 435
James G. Carroll, of Montgomery, Adj. and Inspector- General^ 200
Carter R. Harrison, of Tuscaloosa, QiHirtermaster-Generalf 200
Michael Tourney, of Tuscaloosa, State Geologist.
Francis S. Lyon, of Demopolis, CommW Sf Trustee to settle affairs
of State Bank and Branches^ 5,000
Henry W. Collier, ^
Nimrod E. Benson, > Commissioners for rebuilding State Capitol.
Daniel Pratt, )
The Senate consists of 33 members, elected for four years, one half going
out every two years. The House of Representatives consists of 100 mem-
bers, elected for two years. The Legislature meets biennially in the city
of Montgomery, on the second Monday of November. The third biennial
session will be held in 1851 . The pay of the members of both Houses is
1^4 a day each. The public records, archives, and offices were removed
from Tuscaloosa to Montgomery, in November, 1847. The new State Cap-
itol was destroyed by fire in December, 1849. A Hew one is to be erected
on the same site, and completed by October 1st, 1851.
Judiciary.
Supreme Coiirt. Salary.
Edward S. Dargan, of Mobile, Chief Justice, $ 2,250
William P. Chilton, of Tuskegee, Associate Justice, 2,250
Silas Parsons, of Huntsville, " 2,250
N. W. Cocke, of Tuskegee, Reporter ^ Fees.
Marion A . Bald win, of Montgomery, Attorney- General^ Fees and 425
George C. Bal^, of Montgomery, CicrA;, Fees.
The judges of the Supreme Court, and the chancellors, are elected by a
joint vote of the two, houses of the General Assembly, for six years. The
Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction only, and holds its sessions at the
seat of government, on the first Monday of January and June of each year,
for hearing and determining points of law taken by appeal or writ of error
from the Chancery, Circuit, and Probate Courts. The volumes of reported
decisions are thirty-five in number.
Court of Chancery, Salary.
Joseph W. Lesesne, of Mobile, Chancellor Southern Division^ $ 1,500
Wiley W. Mason, of Auburn, " MiddU «' 1,500
David G. Ligon, of Moulton, " Korthem «« 1,500
The State is divided into three chancery divisions and thirty-seven dis-
tricts, in each of which one session of the court is held annually, except in
some of the larger districts, where two sessions are held.
Circuit Courts,
Circuit. Judges. Residence. Solicitors.
1st. John D. Phelan, Marion, WiUiam E. Clarke.
2d. EzekJel Pickens, Selma, James A. Stallwortti.
22*
SM ALABAMA. [1851.
Circuit JudgM. Reaidenco. Sollciton.
ad. Gtoiie D. Stoitftdge, Mbaterallo, WlUlam & Mudd.
4th. L«io7 P. Walker, Florence, John S. Keonedx.
Gih. Thomas A. Walker, JacksoaFille, William O. WiiMtcm.
6th. John Bragg, Mobile, William H. FlaU.
7th. William R. Smith, Fayette C. H., Daniel Ooggin.
8th. Geoi^ Ooldthwaite, Montgomery, Marion A. Baldwin.
9th. Bobert Dougherty, Tuakegee, Johnson J. Hooper.
This court has original jurisdiction in all civil and criminal causes in the
State. Two sessions (spring and fall) are held each year in every county.
The Solicitors, besides fees, receive a salary of ^ 250, except in the first
circuit, where the salary is $350. The Attorney-General acts as Solicitor
for the eighth circuit.
In Mobile County the criminal jurisdiction has been transferred to a
special
CUy Court for MobiU. Salary.
Alexander McKinstry, of Mobile, Judge, ^ 2,000
This court holds three terms each year, on the first Mondays of Febru-
ary, June, and December, and has concurrent jurisdiction with the Circuit
Courts except in real actions.
Judges ofProhaUj (who are also Clerks of the court and Registers of Deeds
for their respective counties).
Counties. Judges. Counties. Judges. Counties. Judges.
Antauga — Henley Brown, De Kalb — Reuben Estes, Monroe — Charles H. Foster,
Baldwin — Patrick Byrne, Fayette — John C. Moore, Montgomery -• H. N. Vfaiaoa,
Bartioiir — Wm. K. Cowen, Franklin — Jas. H. Trimble, ^ Morgan — Thonoaa Price,
Bemoa — Alnnnder Woods, Oreen — James R. Evans, Perry — James F. Bailey,
Blount — John C. Gellespie, Henry — Hastings C. Owens, Pickens— Tristr. S. Thomas^
Bibb — John W. Suttle, Jackson — John C. Dixon, Pike — Bird Fitzpatrick,
Butler — Samuel J. Boiling, Jefieraon — Irab Baily , Randolph — Joseph Burton,
Chambers — Samuel Pearson, Lawrence — Hen. H. McOhee, Russfll — Thomas S. Tate,
Clarke— Henley W. Ooate, Lowndes ~ Edward H. Cook, Shelby ~ J. M. McClanahan,
Choctaw— Carter N.Wilcox, Lauderdale— W. T. Hawkins, St. Clair— Irby WooUey,
Cherokee— Wm. E. McDaniel, Limestone — Thos. G. Ty us, Sumter — Benj. J. H. Gainee,
Coffee — James Claxton, Macon — Lewis Alexander, Talladega— Alex. J. Cotton,
Conecuh — A. D. Carey, Madison — John W. Otey, Tallapoosa — Marcus C. Lane,
Coosa — J. W. Suttle, Marion — John D. Terrell, Tuscaloosa — Moses McGuire,
Coyington — Wm. T. Acree, Marengo — James A. Young, Walker — John Irwin,
Dale — Abel Echols, Marahall — Montg. Gilbreath, Washington — T. S. Parker,
Dallas— Thomas G. Rainer, Mobile — Edwin Rust, Wilcox — John A. Jackson.
In Gonsequence of an amendment of the constitution of the State, ratified in January,
1850, the preceding list of Judges of the Circuit Courts, Judge of the City Court of Mobile,
and Judges of Probate were all elected by the people on the firat Monday of May, 1850, and
for the term of six years.
FiVAHCKS.
Balance hi the Treasury, November 27, 1845, 9146,861.13
Received from all sources to November 27, 1847 (two yeara), . . . 668,131.72
714,992.85
T^ytal expenditures lor the same period, . . . . \ . . . 172,188.92
Balance, 27th November, 1847, 642,803.93
185L] MIMI8SIPPI. 950
Foreign debt of the State, December 31, 1849, •6,693,888.98
Universitj Fund, - 250,000.00
Sixteenth Section (school) Fund, 995,220.99
State bonds, invested in the capital stock of theJ3ank of Mobile, on which the
State does not pay interest, . . • 600,000.00
Total amount of foreign and domestic debt, • 8,539,109.97
The annual liabilities of the State are as follows : —
Interest on the Uniyersity Fund #15,000.00
Interest on the Sixteenth Section Fund, . . . . . 59,713.26
Interest on the foreign debt, 343,914.44
Estimated current expenses of the State goremment, . . 97,678.00
Immediate annual liabilities of the Treasury, 516,305.70
The immediate means to meet the above are : —
Balance in the Treasury, November 1, 1849, . . . . • 538,792.44
Estimated amount of taxes for 1860, 487,967.48
Inteien on $ 1,100,000, U. S. 6 per cent, stock owned by the State, 66,000.00
Estimated annual amount of lecefpts Into the Treasury, including
balance on hand, November 1, 1849, 1,098,779.92.
From this amount deduct the annual disbursements, and there remains an un-
expended balance at the close of 1850 of 676,474.22.
From this balance it is proper to deduct the amount of notes of the State Bank
and branches in the Treasury, November, 1849, 438,016.00
^ ■■■II ■ ■■
Estimated balance in the Treasury, November 1, 1850, 138,458.22
The above sum is liable to an extra charge of 9 60,000, appropriated for rebuilding the
State CapitoL
The resources of the State (and which are mostly available) are as follows : —
U. S. six per cent, stock, $1,100,000.00
Amount of debts due State Bank and branches, and which are estimated as good, 1,221,000.00
Stock in the Bank of Mobile (par value), 600,000.00
Cash unexpended in ttie hands of the Bank Commissioner, November, 1849, 564,314.64
Total assets, 3,485,314.64
From this amount deduct the outstanding circulation of the State Bank and
branches, 618,407.00
Balance of assets, 2,866,907.64
All of which will probably be applied to the discharge of the State debt.
XVIII. MISSISSIPPI.
Crovemment for the Year 1851.
Term expires. Salary.
John A. Q^uiTMAii, Governor^ Jan. 1852, $3,000
Joseph Bell, Secretary of State^ 1,200
Richard Griffith, State Treasurer, 1,500
George T. Swann, Auditor tf Public Accounts, 1,500
Charles B. Green, Adjutant' GeneraL
John W. Patton, Keeper of the Capitol and Librarian, 500
Joseph Mooeley, Keqter of the Penitentiary, 1,500
mo
MIMIMIFPI*
[1861.
JuDICnART.
High Court of Errors and Appeals,
Term ends. Salaij.
William L. Sharkey, of Vickaburg, Presiding Judge^ Nov. 1853, $ 3,000
Alexander M. Clayton, Judge^ ^ 1851, 3,000
Cotesworth P. Smith, of Woodville, «* 3,000
D. C. Green, of Jackson, Attorney- Oeneral^ 1,000
Wilton Hemmingwaj, CUrkj Fees.
John F. Cushman, of Woodville, Reporter,,
The juritdicUon of the High Coart is appellate exclusive! j. There are
tw<r terms each year in Jackson, commencing on the first Monday of No-
vember and January. The court may continue in session as long as busi-
ness requires, and may order a special term, or adjourn to meet at any time.
The Superior Court of Chancery, held at the Capitol, at Jackson, is in
law considered always open. The chancellor is authorized to hold the
same at such times and for such periods as business may require, upon^v-
ing three weeks* notice in the newspapers. The District Chancery Courts
have concurrent power and jurisdiction, within their respective districts,
with the Superior Court of Chancery, where the amount in controversy
does not exceed i^ 500,000, and have the same power as the Chancellor of
the State, both in term time and in vacation. Special terms of the District
Chancery Courts may be holden by the vice-chancellors, respectively, by
giving thirty days* public notice.
The Circuit Court has original jurisdiction in civil cases in which the
sum in controversy exceeds ^ 50. For each of the seven circuits, a judge
and attorney are elected, every four years, in the month of November. It
has also exclusive criminal jurisdiction.
Superior Court of Chancery,
Term ends. Salary,
of Lowndes Co., Chancellor^ Nov. 1851, $ 2,600
of Jackson, Clerk,
District Chancery Courts.
Vice-Chancellor, Jforthem Dist^ Nov. 1851, $2,000 ,
«« Southern Dist.^ 2,000
District or Circuit Courts.
Stephen Cocke,
John T. Simms,
Henry Dickinson,
James M. Smiley,
i
d
1
2
3
4
Judges.
District Attomeya
Q
5
6
7
Judges.
District j^ttomeys.
Stanhope Posey.
Wiley P. Harris.
PatrickW.Tompkios.
John Watts. j
Edward H. Hicks.
John £. McNair.
Charles E. Hooker.
George Wood.
Robert C. Perry.
Francis M. Sogers.
Hugh K. Miner.
R. a 0. Perkins.
Isham Harris.
John W.Thompson
Finances
For the Fiscal Year ending April 30, 1850.
Receipts into the Treasury for the year,
Expenditures by warrant during the same period, ....
Balance,
$379,400.63
. 284.999.58
• 94,403.05
id5i.]
LOUISIANA.
261
ChUfSouTcea of Income,
State tax %2&LjBS&
Internal improyement fund, . . 13,^96
Sinking fund, .... 19,857
Penitentiary, ..... 3*189
Seminary fiiod, .... 1,251
Bedemption of lamb, . • • 4,001
Land sales, 2,720
Prindpai Henu o/Espmdiiure.
LegislatuTB^ #48,731
Judiciary 82,307
Executive, 8,869
Oontin^nt liinds (executiye).
Appropriations,
Penitentiary,
Printing, ....
Executed slayes, .
Uniyersity of Mississippi,
Common schools,
Lunatic Asylum,
Institution for the Hind,
Seminary fund,
Oommissions lor
Elections,
Ten per cent ftand.
$4,196
26,179
25,266
5,323
3,762
10,957
17
6,000
2,466
3,920
9,640
2,024
38,312
For the items and amount of taxable property in the State in detail, see the American
Almanac for 1849, p. 278.
Common Schools. —The school laws haye been altered, and special laws for particular
counties have been passed. When the system is completed and in successful operation, in-
fezmation will be furnished.
XIX. . LOUISIANA.
Joseph Wa^kxr, of Rapides,
J. B. Plauche, of New Orleans,
C(
((
((
<«
Government for the Year 1851.
Term ends. Salary.
Governor^ Jan. 1854, $ 6,000
lAeut.' Governor^ " I^Sa'daj
[during the session of the Legislature.
Secretary of State, Jan. 1854, 2,000
Priv. Sec. to Gov., Perquisites and 600
Treasurer, Jan. 1852, 4,000
Surveyor- General^
Adj. and Insp.- General^ 1854,
Auditor of Accounts^ *'
Register of Land'Office, ''
Superintend. ofEducation^ *'
State Engineer^
State JJhrarian, **
Speaker of House of Rep.
The Legislature meets biennially on the third Monday in January. Sen-
ators, 32 in number, are chosen for four years ', one half eyery two years.
Representatives, not less than 70, nor more than 100 (the present number
is 98), are chosen for two years. The election is on the second Monday in
November. The pay of members of the Legislature is $4 a day during the
session, and while going and returning. No session shall last more than
sixty days. Acts passed afler fifly days shall be void. The State Treasurer
is chosen biennially, by joint ballot. Since December, 1849, the seat of
govemmeot has been at Baton Rouge.
Charles Gayarr6,
J. J. Gutierrez,
George C. McWhorter,
Louis Bringier,
Charles N.Rowley, of Concordia,
Louis Bordelon, of St. Landry,
Richard Lausk,
Alexander Dimitry,
A. D. Wooldridge,
Henry Dwy,
£. W. Moise,
600
2,000
4,000
687.75
3,000
600
S09 LOOISUMA. [1851.
JODICIART.
Supreme Court,
Tliis court consista of a chief justice and three associate justices appoint-
ed by the Governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate, for the
term of eight years. The court sits in New Orleans from the first Mon-
day in November to the end of June, inclusive. The Supreme Court has
appelUte jurisdiction only, when more than ^ 300 is in dispute ; when
the legality of any tax is in question ; on all fines and penalties imposed by
municipal corporations ; and in criminal cases, on points of law alone, when
death, hard labor, or a fine of more than ^ 300 is imposed. They may issue
writs ofiiabeas corpus in all cases where they have appellate jurisdiction.
If the judges are equally divided, the judgment appealed from shall stand
affirmed.
Term enda. Salary.
George Eustis, of New Orleans, Chief Justice, 1854, $ 6,000
Pierre A. Rost, of St. Charles, Associate Justice, 1852, 5,500
Thomas Slidell, of New Orleans, '< 1856, 5,500
Isaac F. Preston, " 1858, 5,500
W.W.King, of New Orleans, Reporter, 2,500
Isaac Johnson, of West Feliciana, .Attorney- GeneroZ, 1854, 3,000
Eugene Lasere, Cterk in Jfew Orleans, Fees.
Robert Taylor, " Opdousas, "
Duncan S. Goodwin, ** Alexandria, *'
Henry H.Bry, *« Monroe, **
District Courts.
The State shall be divided into not less than twelve, nor more than
twenty, judicial districts, which may be reorganized every sixth year.
One district judge is appointed for six years, for each district, except for
the districts of New Orleans and Lafayette, where as many are appointed
as are necessary. District judges must be citizens of the United States,
above thirty years old, residents of the State for five years, and have prac-
tised law therein five years. The District Courts have jurisdiction vvhen
more than fifty dollars is at stake, and in all criminal cases.
District Courts ofJfew Orleans : — l^f District,
Districts. Judges. Term ends. Salary. Clerks.
1. John C.Larue, 1854, $3,500 Alfired Rousseau.
2. James N. Lea, 1854, 3,500 Thomas C. Poole.
3. Thomas H. Kennedy, 1850, 3,500 William P. Bedloek.
4. George Strawbridge, 1852,^ 3,500 Thomas Gilmore.
5. A. M. Buchanan, 1850, 3,500 Prosper Le Blanc.
Mortimer M. Reynolds, District Attorney. — John L. Lewis, Sheriff.
Other District Courts.
Districts. Judges. Attorneys.
2. Octave S. Rousseau, J. Foulhouse.
3. J. Calvin Clarice, A. N. Jordan.
Districts. Judges. Attorneys.
4. R. WeUmanNicholls, K Legendre.
6. David A. BandaU, O. A. Baby.
1851. J
TEXAS.
963
Districts. Judges.
6. John J. Burke,
7. James L. Sterling,
8. Martin G. Penn,
9. Fred. H. Farrar,
10. Louis Selby,
11. E. Barry,
Attorneys.
Robert C.Beale.
J. S. Lyons.
Nicholas Baylies.
P. A. Roy.
Harman Drew.
M. Boatner.
Districts. Judges. Attorneys.
12. George W. Copley, Jacob B. Mathews.
13. Ralph Cushman, A. J. Isaacs.
14. Cornelius Voorhies, A. T. Splane.
15. John H. Oyerton, C. L. Mouton.
16. James Taylor, James Welsh.
17. Edward R. Olcott, John S. Gilbert.
Education, — The constitution provides that '' there shall be a superin-
tendent of public education, to hold office for two years. Free public
schools shall be established throughout the State ; the proceeds of lands
granted for the purpose, and of lands escheated to the State, shall be held
as a permanent fund, on which six per cent, interest shall be paid by the
State for the support of these schools.*' The yearly sum of $ 250,000 is
appropriated for the support of the free schools of the State, and is derived
from the levy of a tax of one mill on the dollar, and from the imposition of
a poll tax of $ 1 on each white male inhabitant of the State. There are
in the State 53,316 children of both sexes between the ages of 6 and 16, of
which number 24,736 were attendant at the public schools for an average
period of 6 months and 13 days. The State is divided into 521 districts,
in which 701 schools have been kept up for that period of time. The schools
have been organized for two years under the new constitution of the State.
Finances.
The constitution provides that the credit of the State shall not be lent to any person or
corporation whatsoever; but new bonds may be issued to replace outstanding ones. No
State debt shall be contracted for more than $ 100,000, except in case of war, invasion, or
insurrection, unless authorized by law for some distinctly specified object or work ; which
law shall impose taxes to pay the current interest during the whole term of the debt, anil
also to pay the debt itself at maturity ; and this law shall be irrepealable till the debt and
interest are fully discharged, and shall not go into force till again enacted by the next Legis-
lature after its first passage. The State shall not subscribe to the stock of any company or
corporation. No corporate company shall be hereafter created, renewed, or extended, with
banking or discounting privileges. After 1890 the charters of all corporations may be re<
voked ; and no charter shall now be granted, except for municipal or political porpooaa, for
more than twenty-five years.
P. H. Bell,
John A. Greer,
W. D. Miller,
John W. Harris,
Jas. H. Raymond,
James B. Shaw,
John M. Swisher,
XX. TEXAS.
Govemmeni for the Year 1851.
Term ends. Salary.
Governor, Dec. 21, 1851, 1 2,000
of San Augustine, Lieut.- Gov. fy Free.
of Austin,
of Brazoria,
of Austin,
of Austin,
of Austin,
of Senate^
Secretary of State,
Attorney' General^
Treasurer,
Comptroller,
Auditor,
1851, $3 a day.
1851, 1,200
1850, 1,500
1850, 1,200
1850, 1^
1850, 1,000
864 TEXAS. [L851.
Term ends. Salazy.
John D. Pitts, of San Marcos, AdjiOarU- General, 1850, $ 1,000
George W. Smyth, of Jasper County, CommisBioner of the
Land Office, 1852, 1,500
Abner H. Cook, Superintendent of PenUentiaryy IfiOO
The sessions of the Legislature are biennial, and are held at Austin, be-
ginning on the first Monday in November. Members receive |( 3 a day,
and $ 3 for every twenty-five miles' travel. The third biennial session met
at Austin, in November, 1849.
Judiciary.
The Supreme Court consists of a chief justice and two associates, who
are chosen for six years. Sessions are held once a year, at Austin, com-
mencing on the second Monday of December. The court has appellate
jurisdiction coextensive with the limits of the State ; but in criminal cases,
and appeals from interlocutory judgments, it is under legislative regulations.
Judges are nominated by the Governor, and confirmed by two thirds of the
Senate ; they may be removed by address of two thirds of both houses.
The judges of the District Court are chosen for six years, and hold a court
twice a year in each county. The District Courts have original jurisdic-
tion in all criminal cases, and in all suits in which more than ^ 100 is at
stake. In criminal cases, if the punishment be not specifically determined
by law, the jury shall determine it. In equity causes, either party may de-
mand a jury.
Supreme Court,
Term eiids. Salary.
John Hemphill, of Austin, Chief Justice, 1852, $2,000
Abner S. Lipscomb, of Independence, JSssociate Justice, 1852, 2,000
Royall T. Wheeler, of San Augustine, '' 1852, 2,000
Thomas Green, of Austin, Clerk, 1850, F. & 300
District Courts.
Attoraeys. Residence. Salary.
H. B. WaUer, Austin Co., 9500 and fees.
Jolm A. Green, Lagrange, 600
Judges. Residence. - Salary
1. J. C. Megginson, Galveston, #1,750
2. Wm. E. Jones, Seguin, 1,750
3. R. £. B. Baylor, Independence, 1,750 J. F. Crosby, Brenham, 600
C. W. Peterson, Brownsville, 600
R. S. Walker, San Augustine, 600 "
D. W. Field, Marshall, 600
Sam. D. Hay, Houston, 600
Wm. C. Toung, ClarksviUe, 600
A. J. Fowler, Palestine, 600
4. M. P. Norton, Corpus Christi, 1,760'
6. O. M. Roberts, San Augustine, 1,7501
6. L. D. Evans, Marshall, 1,750
7. C. W. Buckley, Houston, 1,750!
8. John T. Mills, Clarksville, 1,760
9. B. H. Martin, McKinney, 1,760.
10. Fielding Jones, Victoria, 1,750 WmS. Glass, Victoria, 600 "
11. Spruce M. Baird, Santa FA, 1,760
Finances.
Pubiic Debt. —By the act of the Leglsiature of the aoth March, 1848, all holders of the
liahilities of the late Republic of Texas are required to prseent them to the Auditor and
Comptroller of Public Accounts "on or before the second Monday in November, 1849; and
•11 claims that shall not be presented on or before that time shall be postponed." The claims
1851.1
TKXA»»
pnMated to and Belfid npoii hf tlia Auditor aad Oomplioltar, imder tbe pioriaioiw of this
law, were to be leported to tlie Legislature at iu next session, "for final adjustment.'*
Those that are not presented and acted upon by the accounting officers before the said sec-
ond Monday in November, 1849, cannot be brought in without further legislative action.
The Auditor and Comptroller, December 27, 1849, made a report to the Legislature upon '
the debt of Texas, from which is derived the foUowing information.
Class^UaHon of the Public Debt.
COAKAOTSa. OF LlABXLITIBB RBCBIPTSD FOR.
First CkuSf constating of audited or ascertained
cUttms.
10 per cent, conaolidated fund created by act of June
7^1837,
10 per cent, consolidated fund created by act of June
7, 1837, issued for relief of Samuel Swartwout and
others,
10 per cent, stock created by act of Feb. 5, 1840,
8 per cent, stock created by act of Feb. 6, 1840,
8 per cent. Treasury bonds created by act of Feb. 5,
1840, . . .
10 per cent. Treasury notes, 1st issue, June 9, 1837,
10 per cent. Treasury notes, 2d issue, June 9, 1837,
Treasury notes without interest, Jan. 19, 1839, .
AuditcKi paper,
1 Bonds issued by Messrs. Bond & Archer, Commis-
^ sioners,
Bonds issued by commissioners under the several
acts authorizing a loan of $ 5,000,000.
Advances made by L. S. Hargous and G. B. Lamar,
Total ostensible and par principal, .
Total ostensiUe and par interest, ....
Total ostensible par principal and interest.
Second Class, consisting of claims sufficiently au
t?ienticated to admit them to audit under the latoe
o/ the late Republic.
Amount filed and receipted for, ....
Estimated amount on file not acted on,
Amount audited \jj special acts of the last Legis-
lature,
Total amount of second class, ....
T^rd Class, not smfficienUy authenticated to au-
thorize their being auditea under the laves of the
kUe Republic.
Amount filed and receipted for, ....
Estimated amount on nle not acted on,
Ostensible
Value.
Bate at Par Value.
Total amount of third class.
• 651,287.69
6,36a60
652,400.00
22,780.00
842,000.0
31,980.00
286,272.00
1,514,701.00
60,336.38 various.
3,520.00
653,287.00
10,680.00
4,425,607.57
2,300,325.80
6,725,933.37
171,330.62
100,000.00
72,077.16
343,407.77
44,136.29
100,000.00
144.136.29
70 c
100 c
30 c
It
20 c
100 c
50 c
26 c
100 c
various,
100 c
66ic
• 386,901.38
6,363.60
196,720.00
6,834.00
128,400.00
31,980.00
' 143,136.00
378,675.25
46,791.98
3,520.00
497,953.50
10.680.00
1,835,955.61
1,185,081.35
3,021,036.96
113,657.12
100,000.00
72,077.15
285,734.27
44,136.29
100,000.00
144,136.29
ReeafituUuion.
Ostensible Value.
First class, •6,726,933.37
Second class, .' 343,407.77
Third class, 144,136.29
Total, 7,213,477.43
Claims not filed, as required by the act of March 20, 1848, 3,842,217.28
Total debt, filed and not filed, 11,066,604.71
23
Par Value.
• 3,021,036.96
285,734.27
144,136.29
3,450,907.52
2,149,788.49
1^600,696.01
800 ARKAMtAB. " [185U
The iModnwof tbe SMt« of Xbim, m appetn bf ilie AflMHMnt RoUsof 1847, am: -«
Baal and penona] property awwaed of the ralua of $46,939,997 ; tax thereon, • 91,879.99;
and poll-taxes, one dollar each, to the amount of $18,604. Total tax, $110,383.99. It is
also estimated that there are 184,386,920 acres of vacant and unappropriated landa within
the linuta of the State.
The caah receipts and axpeaditurea for the year ending Oct. 31, 184B, were as foUowa :—
JSecetpto.
Direct and licenee tajces, . . • 82,622.86
MisceUaneoua, .... 3,974.66
Revenue accrued under the late
Republic, .... 10,713.64
Balance in Treasury, October 21,
1847, 61,238.06
Total aTailable means, . 148,449.10
Amount in tlie Treasury to the credit of
Ayerage annual expenses of the State,
Espendiiuns
1
Executive,
Legislature,
Judiciary,
Miscellaneous, .
• 24,790.41
. 48,356.88
26,962.63
. 17,061.79
Total expenditures, . . 116,161.61
Balance in Treasury, October 31,
1848, . . • . . 32,287.49
he school fund, . ... $17,071.86
. . . . . 100,000.00
XXI. ARKANSAS.
Government for the Year 1851.
John S. Roane,* of Little Rock, Governor (term of office Salary*
expires November, 1852), Use of a house and ^ 1,800,
David B. Greer, of Little Rock, Sec. of StaU^ Perquisites and 600
Christopher C. Danby, «< . ^ud. of Pui. Acc'ts^ Fees and 1,200
Samuel Adams, of Pulaski Co., Treasurer^ Fees and 800
The Secretary of State, Auditor, and Treasurer are elected by a joint
vote of both houses of the General Assembly. The Legislature meets
biennially at Little Rock. Number of Senators, 25 ; of Representatives,
75. Their compensation is |(3 a day during the session, and f 3 for every
SO miles' travel in coming to and returning fron^ the seat of government.
Supreme Court. Term ends. Salary.
Thomas Johnson, of Saline Co., Chief Justice, 1852, |$ 1,500
Christopher C. Scott, of Ouachita Co., .Associate Justice, 1852, 1,500
David Walker, of Washington Co., « 1856, 1,500
John G. Clendenin,' of Little Rock, .Attorney- General^ 600
Luke £. Barber, ^* Clerk, Fees.
Elbert H. English, «« Reporter, 200
The Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction only, except in particular
cases pointed out by the constitution. It holds annually two terms at Little
Rock, in April and October. The judges are elected by the General As-
sembly, by a joint vote of both houses, for eight years.
The Circuit Court has original jurisdiction over all criminal cases not
expressly provided for otherwise by law ', and exclusive original jurisdiction
of all crimes amounting to felony at common law ; and original jurisdiction
of all civil cases ^hich are not cognizable before justices of the peace; and
* Elected March 14, 1849, to fill the vacapcy occasioned by th^ resignation of Governor
Drew.
1651.]
AltKANSAB.
967
in all matters of contract, where the sam in controTeray is oyer $ 100. It
holds annually two terms in each circuit. The judges and prosecuting at-
torneys are elected by the people, the former for four, and the latter for
two years.
Judges.
Salary.
Prosecuting Attorneys.
Salary.
1st Circuit
.i John T. Jones,
• 1,250
Albert H. Ringo,
Fees and a 300
2d "
Jofliah Gould,
1,260
T. D. SorreUe,
" 300
3d "
Wm. C. Scott,
1,250
John M. Byers,
" 309
4th «
Wm. W. Floyd,
1,250
A. B. Greenwood,
«« 300
6th «
WiUiam H. Field,
1,260
John J. Clendenin,
600
6th «
John QuiUin,
1,250
Allen W. Blerins,
Fees and 300
FlNAHCKS.
Receipts (specie) fh»n 30th Sept., 1846, to 30th Sqit., 1848, «... •47,667.06
Expended, 31,974.50
Balance in Treasury, 12,682.66
There are due— 600,000 acre fund, #5,066.64
Seminary fund, 6,392.47
School fund, • 21.66
Securities, 49.19
' 20,620.96
Treasury warrants issued firom 30th Sept., 1844, to 30th Sept., 1840, . . 69,333.46
Redeemed during same Ume, 31,552.20
37,781.28
Issued from 30th Sept., 1846, to 30th Sept., 1848, .... 107,069.47
144,850.73
Redeemed in same time, 116,018.26
29,832.43
The annual accruing interest is #163,670.00. This debt was incurred by issuing State
bonds t>n account of two banks, the Real Estate Bank and the State Bank. To meet these
liabilities, there are in the Real Estate Bank 187,180.98 acres of land mortgaged by subscrib-
ers for stock, the depreciated valuation of which is # 2,012,560.38 ; and in the State Bank,
productive assets to the amount of • 1,083,026.58 ; in all amountiDg to # 3,095,586.96.
JtUemal Improvementw. — There are none in the State. 600,000 acres of land, given for
purposes of Internal improvement, were, by the Legislature of 1849, distributed among tlie
counties.
CoUegm and Common SchooU. — TlMie are no colleges in the State. Seventy-two sec-
tions of land, givod by Congress to the State, for tlie purpose of establishing a seminary of
learning, have bean, by act of the Legislature of 1849, in utter defiance of the intention of
Congress, distributed among tlie counties.
Tliere are but few common schools in the State. In each township (of 36 sections of land)
there Is one section (tlie I6th) given by Congress to the townships for the use of schools.
The law authorises these to be sold. By act of January 7, 1845, # 1,515.84 was appropriated
out of the State Treasury to buy books for common schools, to be distributed by the auditor
to the Boards of School Commissioners of the counties. # 1,000 more was appropriated by
act of 9th January, 1846, for the same purpose. T)ie revenue arising from leases of salt
springs, and from estrays sold, forms part of the common school fund. There are academies
and high schotris, for one or the otiier sex, in Little Rock, Fayetteville, Washington, Cam*
den, and some other places ; but we have no means of ascertaining the number of scholan.
The State Paoitentiary at Little Bock was consumed by fire, March 28th, lR6a
I
S6d TKNRBflSR. [1851.
XXIL TENNESSEE.
GovehimetU for lA« Year 1851.
William Trousdale, of Gallatin, Governor (term expires Octo- SeOary.
ber,1851), $2,000
W. B. A. Ramsey, of Nashville, See. of St, fy Int. Imp. Comm'r, 800 & f.
Anthony Dibrell, *< Treasurer, 1,500
Arthur R. Crozier, '« ComptroUer of the Trmuury^ 2,000
West H. Humphreys, " AttmrMy-Qen, fy Reporter, 1,000
JUDICIART.
Supreme Court,
A. O. W. Totten, of Jackson, Judge^ Western JHmsi&n^ ^IfiOO
RobertJ.McKinney, of Greenville, *' Eastern '< 1,800
Nathan Green, of Lebanon, " Middle ^ 1,800
Wm. H. Stephens^ of Jackson, Clerkj Western *' Fees.
James W. Campbell, of Knoxville, '« Eastern ** «'
James P. Clark, of Nashville, " Middle *< «
The judges of the Supreme Court are elected by a joint vote of the two
houses of the General Assembly, for the term of 12 years. The judges of
the inferior courts are elected in the same manner, for 8 years. There are
14 Circuit Courts. Salary of each judge, $1,500. Each circuit has an at-
torney, paid by fees.
Court of Chancery, Salary.
Calvin Jones, of Sommerville, Chancellor , Western Division^ $ 1,500
Thomas L. Williams, of Knoxville, '' Eastern <' 1,500
Terry H. Cahal, of Columbia, «« Middle " 1,500
Bromfield L. Ridley, of Jefferson, " Fourth (< 1,500
Circuit Courts.
Judges. Residence. Attorneys. Residence.
1. Seth J. W. Lucky, Jonesboro'. A. A. Kyle, Rogersville.
2. Eben'r Alexander, Knoxville. D. H. Cummings, Knoxville.
3. Charles F. Keith, Athens. George W. Bridges, Athens.
4. Wm. B. Campbell, Carthage. M. M. Brien, Smithville.
5. Samuel Anderson, Murfireesboro*. Wm. L. Martin, Lebanon.
6. Thomas Maney, Nashville. R. C. Foster, 3d^ Nashville.
7. Mort'r A. Martin, Clarksville. W. B. Johnson, ClarksvtUe.
8. Edm. Dillahunty, Columbia. Archelaus M. Hughes, Columbia.
9. Wm. Fitzgerald, Paris. John A. Rogers, Dresden.
10. John Read, Jackson. D. P. Scurlock, Jackson.
11. J. C. Humphreys, Sommerville. John D. Goodall, Memphis.
12. R. M. Anderson, New Market. W. R. Caswell, Russelville.
13. A. J. Marohbanks, M'Minnville. J. W. Carter, M'Minnville.
14. Elijah Walker, Centreville. R. A. Hill, Waynesboro .
1851.] KUiTVCKT. 269
Criminal Court of Davidson County. Sakry.
William K. Turner, of Nashville, Judge, $1,500
Common Law and Chancery Court of the City of Memphis,
William B. Turlej, of Jackson, Judge, $1,600
FiVANCKS
For the Two Years aiding October, 1849.
Total amount received, . , . , $790,693.63
Whole amount expended, 602,436.66
Excess of diabursements, 11,743.13
The amount of productire property held bj the State in 18o0 is •4,894,922.56. The State
debt amounts to •3,362,866.66, and the annual interest on it is • 179,176.37. The amount
of school fond owned bj the State, • 1,321,655.00. Ocdinary annual expenditures, exdusiye
of debts and schools, • 290,000.
XXIII. KENTUCKY.
Abstract of the ConstiHiHon,
The first constitution was adopted in 1790, the second in 1799. The
E resent one was adopted in convention, June 11th, 1850, and has been rati-
ed by the people, by a vote of 71,563 in favor to 20,302 against.
Every free white male citizen, 21 years of age, resident in the State two
years, or in the county, town, or city where he offers to vote one year next
preceding the election, may vote, but he shall have been for 60 days next
preceding the election a resident of the precinct where he offers to vote,
and shallvote in said precinct, and not elsewhere. Voters, except for trea-
son, felony, or breach of the peace, shall be exempt from arrest while at-
tending, goins to, or returning from elections.
Senators, S in number, are chosen from sinele districts. At the time of
election they must be citizens of the United States, 30 years of age, resi-
dents of the State for six years next preceding the election, and the last year
of the district. They shall be divided into two classes; the first shall va-
cate their seats in two years, and the second in four years, and aflerwards
one half shall be chosen every two years. The Senate may choose its offi-
cers biennially. Representatives, 100 in number, shall be chosen for two
Years, from single districts, and representation shall depend upon the num-
ber of Qualified voters. At the time of their election, tney must be citizens
of the United States, 24 years of age, two years next preceding the election
residents of the State, and the last year thereof, of the district. In 1850 and
in 1857, and every eighth year thereafter, an enumeration of the qualified
voters shall be taken, and in the session next afler each enumeration, the
number of Representatives shall be apportioned among the ten districts into
which the State is by this constitution divided. Senators and Representa-
tives shall be elected on the 1st Monday in August, and the sessions of the
Assembly shall be biennial, the first one to be Nov. 1, 1851. Members
shall be paid tf3 per day, and 12]^ cents a mile for travel. No session shall
continue beyond 60 days, unless by a two-thirds vote of all the members elect
to each branch. Any two may call for the yeas and nays on any question.
The proceedings of the Assemoly shall be published weekly. Teachers of
religion, those holding offices of profit under the State or the United States,
are ineligible to the Assembly, except attorne}[s at law receiving no salary
from the State, justices of the peace, and militia officers. Members during
33 •
'970 KftifTucKTk [185L
their term of office, and for one^year afterwards, cannot be appointed or elect-
ed, except by the people, to any civil office of profit in the State, created,
or whose pay is increased, during said term.
Collectors of public moneys are ineligible to the Assembly, unless six
months before tne election their accounts are closed and settled. The
Assembly shall not grant divorces, or change of names, or sales of estates of
persons under legal disabilities, nor change the venue in any criminal or
penal prosecution, by special legislation, but by general laws shall confer
such power upon the courts. The State shall never lend or give its credit.
The Assembly shall never diminish, but may increase, the resources of the
sinking fund, but those resources shall be sacredly applied to payment
of the debt, principal and interest, and to no other purpose. The Assem-
bly may contract debts not exceeding in the aggregate {| 500,000, to meet
casual deficits in the revenue ; but except to suppress insurrection, &c., or to
borrow money to pay part of the State debt, it shall contract no debt unless
provision is made m the act creating the same for a tax sufficient to pay the
annual interest, and the debt itself in 30 years, nor unless the act shall have
received at a general election a majority of all the votes cast. Any act ap-
propriating money, or creating a debt over ff 100, must receive a majority
vote of all the members then elected, and the yeas and nays be entered on
the journal.
A Governor and Lieutenant-Governor, chosen by a plurality of votes,
shall be chosen for four years. They must be 35 years of age, citizens of
the United States, and inhabitants of the State fbrsiit years next preceding
the election. The Governor is ineligible for the four years succeeding
the expiration of his term. He shall enter upon office the fiflh Tuesday
after the general election, and shall continue in office until his successor has
taken the oath of office. He may grant pardons, &c., and may veto a bill,
but a majority of all the members elect of'each house, by yea and nay
vote, may pass the bill. The Lieutenant-Governor shall be President of
the Senate, with the right to debate and vote, and, when there is a tie, to
throw a casting vote, and if the office of the Governor be vacant, he, and af-
ter him the Speaker of the Senate, shall act as 'Governor, if the vacancy
occur after the first two years of the Governor's term have expired ; if be-
fore, the people shall fill the vacancv. If, in the recess of the Assembly,
the Lieutenant-Governor, acting as Governor, shall resign,&c., the Secretary
of the State for the time being shall convene the Senate to choose a Speaker.
A Secretary of State shall be appointed by the Governor to hold office dur-
ing his own term, and during good conduct. The people shall elect a
Treasurer for two years, and an Auditor of Public Accounts, Register of the
Land Office, and Attorney-General, and other inferior officers, for four years.
There shall be a Court of Appeals with appellate jurisdiction only
throughout the State, the judges whereof shall be elected by the people,
In districts, for eight years, and until their successors are qualified, subject
to removal for cause. The judges must be 30 years old, citizens of the
United States, residents of their district for two years next preceding the
election, eight years practising lawjrers, or whose service on the bench of
any court of record, added to the time they have practised law, shaU be
equal to eight years. The clerk or clerks, elected by the people for eight
years, must be citizens, and residents for two years as above, 21 years of
age, and must have a certificate of qualification from a judge of the higher
courts. When a majority of the judges are interested m a cause, an addi-
tional judge or judges may be appointed as a special court to try the
cause. There shall be four judges of the Court of Appeals, but when
there is a vacancpr, the number may be reduced to not less than three, and
then the term of*^ office shall be changed so that one^shall be elected every
two years. The judges shall be so classified, that every two years one
shall leave office and a new judge be elected. The judge having the
1851.] xsrfTUCKT. 271
■hortest time to lerre shall be chief justice. Any three of the judges maj
eonetitote a court for the transaction of business.
Circuit Courts shall be established in each county, and for the election
of judges of these court§, the State shall be diyided into 12 judicial dis*
tricts, each of which shall elect a judge for six years. The qualifications
of the judges shall be the same as those of the Court of Appeals. An addi-
tional district may be established once in four years, but there shall not bit
more than 16 districts, until the population exceeds 1,500,000.
There shall be County Courts in each county, consisting of a presiding
judge and two associates, any two of whom may transact business. The
judges shall be elected by the people for four years. They must be citi-
zens of the United States, 21 years of age, and residents of their county
for one year next preceding their election. There shall be two justices of
the peace for each county, to hold office for four years. Attorneys for
the Commonwealth, clerks of the courts, surveyors, coroners, jailers, and
assessors shall be elected in their several circuits, districts, or counties,
whose term of office shall be the same as that of^ the presiding judge of
the said circuits, districts, or counties. There shall be a sheriff ^n each
county, elected for two years, and reCligible only for a second term. A
constable shall be elected in each justice's district for two years.
All free, white, able-bodied male persons in the State, between 18 and 45
years of age, except such as are by law exempt, shall compose the militia of
the State, and shall elect their own officers. No person shall be convicted of
treason, except upon confession in open court, or upon the testimony of two
witnesses to the same overt act. Persons convicted of offering or giving
bribes or treats to procure their election shall be disqualified from holding any
office of trust or profit for said term. The Assembly may direct, by law, how
suits shall be brought against the State. Absence from the State, upon busi-
ness of the State or United States, shall not deprive one of the right to vote
or to be elected. Deductions may be made by law from the salaries of public
officers neglecting their official duty. All votes, except by dumb persons,
shall be given vivd voce, personally and publicly. No member of Congress,
or officer of the United btates, is eligible to a State office. , Challenges, or
carrying challenges, directly or indirectly, to fight a duel with a citizen of
the State, either m the State or out of the State, shall deprive the person
sending or bearing them of the right to hold office, and he may be otherwise
punished by law ; and the oath of office shall require the affiant to say
that he has not sent or knowingly carried a challenge as above. After five
years from the offence, the Governor may pardon participants in duels, and
restore them to their rights as citizens.
A commission to revise and arrange the statute law of the State, and anoth-
er to prepareacodeof practice, civ if and criminal, shall be appointed by the
Assembly at its first session. The President of the Board of Internal Im-
provement, and a Superintendent of Public Instruction, shall be elected by
the people for four years. No laws shall be passed for the emancipation of
slaves without the consent of their owners, or without paying the owners,
prior to emancipation, a full equivalent, and providing for their removal
from the State. Owners of slaves may emancipate them, saving the rights of
creditors. Immigrants to the State may bring their slaves with them, but
slaves shall not be broucht into the State as merchandise, nor those import-
ed since Jan. 1, 1789. Masters shall treat their slaves humanely, or the slaves
shall be sold. Slaves shall not have the ri^ht of an inquest by the grand
jury, but shall not be deprived of an impartial trial by a petit jury. Free
negroes or mulattoes coming into or refusing to leave the State, are deemed
guuty of a felony, and may be sent to the Penitentiary. The School fund
shall consist of $1,350,491.71, and of such sums as the State may hereafler
raise by taxation. It shall be held inviolate, and the income thereof shall
be apportioned among the counties in aid of common schools.
STi
XKMTUCXT.
[1851.
To amend the conttitotioo, a majority of the memben elect of each house
of the Assembly must, within the nrst twenty days of a regular session, vote
to lay the matter before the people, and at the next generaielection a major-
ity of those entitled to vote for representatives must vote therefor ; the As-
sembly, at its next regular session, must pass a vote to lav the matter a^^ain
before the people, and the majority of all the votes, as before, must be |[iven
therefor, and tnen at its next session the Assembly shall appoint an, elec-
tion for membersto compose the convention, which shall consist of as many
members as there shall be in the House of Representatives, and no more, and
which shall meet within three months after the election of its membersy for
re-adopting, amending, or changing the Constitution.
Qovemment for ike Year 1851.
of Hardin Co., Acting Governor (term of Salarj.
f 2,500
John L. Helm,
office expires August, 1851),
John W. Finnell, of Frankfort,
George W. Barbour, of Princeton,
of Frankfort,
of Frankfort,
of Louisville,
of Frankfort,
Thomas S. Page,
Elisha A. Macurdy,
R. C. Wintersmith,
Peter Dudley,
Ambrose W. Dudley,
Richard D. Harlan,
Rob. J. Breckenridge, of Lexington,
Theodore Kohlhass, of Winchester,
Thomas J. Helm, of Glasgow,
ti
ct
Secretary of State, 750
Auditor of PuhUe AceounU, 1 ,250
2d AudUor, 2,000
Register of the Land Office, 1,250
Treasurer, 1,500
Adjutant- General, 150
Qjuartermaster-General, 100
StaU Librarian, 250
Sup't of Public Instruction, 750
Clerk of the Senate, $ 10 a day.
Clef k of the House, 10 a day.
Judiciary.
Court of Appeals.
Thomas A. Marshall, of Lexington, Chief Justice^
James Simpson,
Asher W. Graham,
James Harlan,
Jacob Swigert,
Joseph Gray,
Benjamin Monroe,
of Winchester, Judge^
of Bowling Green, "
of Frankfort, Attorney- General^
of Frankfort, Clerky
« Sergeant^ $2
" Reporter.
General Court.
John L. Bridges, of Danville, Judge ; salary, $ 1 ,300. A.
Frankfort, Clerk, Joseph Gray, of Frankfort, Sergeant.
sergeant are paid by fees.
Louisville Chancery Court,
of Louisville, Chancellor,
" Clerk,
" Master,
" Marshal,
Circuit Courts.
Residence. - Attorneys.
Washington. Harrison Taylor,
Nelson Countj. Livingston Lindsey,
Le;cington. Alexander H. Rotwrtson,
Henry Pirtle,
Charles J. Clarke,
Joseph Mayo,
John A. Crittenden,
Judges.
1. Walker Reid,
2. Henry O. Brown,
3. Richard A. Buckner,
$1,500
1,500
1,500
$300 and fees.
Fees.
a day and fees.
H. Rennick, of
The clerk and
$2,000
Fees.
Fees.
Fees.
Residence,
Maysville.
Princeton.
Iiexington.
lesi.]
KEMTDCKT*
978
Judgm*
4. JaniMPryor, OarrollUm.
5. William F. Bullock, LoaisviUe.
«. William V. Loring, Bowling Grean.
7. Benjamin 9haclddford, Hoplcinarilla.
8. Zachariah Wheat, Columbia.
9. Samuel Lusk, Lancaster.
10. William C. Goodloe, Richmond.
IL Eenaz Farrow,
12. John L. Bridges,
13. Samuel Carpenter,
14. John Calhoon,
16. TuQBtall Quarles,
16. Wilej P. Fowler,
17. Martin D. McHenry,
18. B. Millfl Crenshaw,
19. James M. Rice,
Mpunt Sterling.
Danville.
Bardstown.
Dareiss Qooaty.
London.
Smithland.
Shelby7iUe.
Glasgow.
Louisa.
Attormy,
Richard Logan,
Nathaniel WoUfe,
F. G. Hanrej,
Ninian E. Gray,
Thomas E. Bramlett,
George Shanklin,
Richard J. Hadson,
.Thomas B. Porter,
Jeremiah T. Boyle,
William Alexander,
Alfnd Allan,
Grannlle Peail,
John W. Crockett,
Thomas N. Lindsey,
William R. McFerrin,
Green V. Goble,
Newcastle.
Louisrille.
ScottsvUle.
Hopkinsville.
Albany.
NicholasTiUe.
Paris.
Flemingsburg.
Danville.
Brandenburg.
Hardinsburg.
London.
Paducah.
Frankfort.
Glasgow.
Louisa.
The salaries of the circuit judges are % 1,200, except No. 6, who receires • 1,600, and
No. 12, who receires • 1,300. Attorneys receive each % 300, laesides pexquisites and fees.
Board of Internal Improvement. ~ John Speed Smith, of Madison County, President g
salary, i 1,000. Joim B. Helm, of Bowling Green, and Andrew Monroe, of Frankfort, mem-
bers. The latter acts as Secretary, for which he receives i 600 per annum.
There are 66 ndles of railroad in actual use ; and there will be 96 miles by Ist July, 1861,
from Lexington via Frankfort to LouisTille. A railnnd is under contxact from Lexington to
CoTington, opposite to Cincinnati.
State Institutionafor the Relief of the Unfortunate. — Lunatic Asylum, at I/exington,
number of inmates, January 1, 1860, 366. Deaf and Dumb Asylum, at Danville, pupils, Jan-
nary 1, 1860, 48. Institution for the Blind, at Louisville, pupils, January 1, 1860, 38. Pen-
itentiary, number of prisoners, December 1, 1849, 141.
FlHANCES.
BinUng Fimd."— Certain resources an prorided by law ibr the payment of the Interest
tad principal of the public debt of the State. It is under the management of the following
officers: — The Governor, es t^fficio, Chairman $ the Presidents of the Bank of Kentucky,
Northern BaAk of Kentucky, and Bank of Louisville; Auditor, Secretary of State, and Cash-
ier of the Frankfort Branch Bank. The Auditor is Secretary ex officio. The receipts of
the Fund during the year 1849 werep^t 396,061.37; the expenditures for the same time,
were 1342,418.07; excess of receipts, 163,633.30.
Ordinary Revenve. — Receipts Into the treasury for the year ending October 10, 1849,
1468,630.19 ; expenditures for same time, • 447,620.64 ; excess, $21,009.65. Value of taxa-
ble property in 1849, • 286,086,37a Increase since 1848, • 12,237,682. A tax of 19 cents on
every one hundred dollars' worth of property — 10 cents for ordinary expenses, 6 cents for the
sinking fund, 2 cents for school fund, and 2 cents to pay expenses of convention — was
collected in 1^9. In 1860, only 17 cents will be collected, the tax on account of the conven-
tion being temporary. 20,067,352 acres of land were listed for taxation by resident citizens,
valued at • 136,142,666, which is an arerage of • 6.73 per acre. Number of slares, 196,110 ;
Talued at • G2,261,6n. 344,478 horses ; 44,369 mules. White males over 21 years, 162,234.
StaU Debt. ~ The entire funded debt is • 4,497,652.81, of which • 836,000 are owing to the
school fund. To pay this, the State owns • 1,270,600 of bank stock, about 400 miles of turn«
pike-road stocks, 29 miles of railroad, and 290 miles of slack-water navigation, all of which
yield upwards of i 100,000 per annum; this, with a portion of the annual taxes, pays the
interest on the public debt.
Common Schools. — The school fund of the State amounted, Dec., 1849, to • 1,299,268.42.
Tlie interest on this fund is • 66,733.99 ; three fourths of which is retained in the treasury,
and appropriated by the State to Its ordinary expenditures. The following are the school
1
1074 OBio. [1851.
MatlstiM tbr ilM jmt 1849:— 71 eoimtlM, umI 6 cUIm and towM BMidB npoiU. Numbor of
children rapoited, 87,496. Average number at school, 42,736. Money distributad among
such counties, cities, and towns, 961, (H0.60; of which 929,166 was from the permanent
school fund, and 9 21,874.60 from the two-cent tax. These statistics embrace only the dis-
trict schools connected with the State system. The number of chlldna in tho State between
the ages of 6 and 16 is 198,990.
XXIV. OHIO.
Government for the Year 1851.
Salary.
Skabuby Ford, of Geaaga Co., Governor (term of office expires
on tbe first Monday in December, 1850), $ 1,200
Henrj W. King, of Akron, See. of State and Sup*t of Schools^ 900
John Woods, of Butler Co., Auditor of State, 1,200
Albert A. Bliss, ofElyria, Treasurer of State^ 1,000
L.Dewey, of Ravenna, Warden of the State Peniteniiaryt 1,000
John W. Milligan, of Columbus, Adjutant- General, 300
S. W. Andrews, of Columbus, Quartermaster' General^ 200
Samuel F. Carey, of Cincinnati, Paymaster' General,
John Greiner, of Zaneevllle, Librarian of the State JJirary, 500
Commissioners of the Board of PubUe Works.
£. S. Hamlin, of Columbus, Franklin Co., President^ $2.50 a day.
Samuel Forrer, of Dayton, Montgomery Co., .^c<. C<mtmt^.^ 1,000
G.W. Manypenny, of Zanesville, " 1,000
E. N. Sill, Acting Commissioner of the Canal Fund^ 700
Richard Howe, of Akron, Res. Engineer Ohio Canal^ 800
Samuel Carpenter, of Lancaster, '^ '^ Ohio and Hocking C.^ 800
£. C. Cook, of Zanesville, ." «< Mus. Impr. ^ WtUh.C, 800
John Waddle, of Chillicothe, <' << Ohio Canal, 800
A. F. Hinsch, of Lebanon, " " Miami Canal, 800
A. G. Conover, of St. Mary's, " *'. Miami Ex. Canal^ 800
Cyrus Howard, of Florida, <« « Wabashand Erie Canal, ^^
Henry A. Field, of Columbus, <« '< Jfational Road, 700
Moses Sarchet, of « « " « 700
The Auditor and Treasurer of State are advisory Commissioners of tbe
Canal Fund.
Chas. C. Converse, of Muskingum Co., Speaker of the Senate in 1849 - 50.
Benj. F. Leitbe, of Stark Co., Speaker of the House '*
The constitutional majority of the popular vote haying been cast for a
convention to revise the constitution of the State, delegates thereto were
elected and assembled at Columbus in June, 1850, but adjourned over to
December without completing their business.
Judiciary.
The judges of the Supreme Court, of the Courts of Common Pleas, and
of the courts of the cities, are elected by the Legislature for seven years.
Of the judges pf the Supreme Court, the oldest in commission is chief
1851.] OHIO. 275
jadge, if the chief judge is not reelected. Two of the four judges hold a
court in each county once every year. The seyeral Courts of Common
Pleas are held three times a year, by a president judge and three associate
judges, in most of the counties ', but in the counties very recently organized,
only twice a year. The associate judges receive ^ 2.50 a day.
Supreme Court Salary.
Peter Hitchcock, of Geauga Co., Chief Judge, ^1,300
Edward Avery, of Wooster, Jlssociate Judge^ 1,300
Rufus P. Spalding, of Akron, Summit Co., « 1,300
Wm. B. Caldwell, of Cincinnati,Hamilton Co., <« 1,300
Lewis Heyl, of Columbus, Clerk of Court in Bank, and Sup. Ot. Franklin Co.
Isaac G. Burnet, of Cincinnati, Clerk of Sup. Courts Hamilton Co.
Henry Stanberry, of Columbus, Attorney- General^ 730
Hiram Griswold, of Canton, Stark Co., Reporter ^ 300
Courts of Common Pleas,
John Beers, of Greenville, Judge 1st Circuity } 1,000
OziasBowen, of Marion, " 2d ** 1,000
Benj. F.Wade, of Jefferson, " 2d " 1,000
Richard Stilwell, ofZanesville, " 4th « 1,000
JohnPearce, of Carrolllon, « 5th '« 1,000
Henry C. Whitman, of Lancaster, << eth <* 1,000
John Probasco, Jr., of Lebanon, « 7th ^ 1,000
AriusNye, of Marietta, " Sth " 1,000
Robert B. Warden, of Cincinnati, «< 9th ^ 1,000
Elijah Vance, of West Union, " 10th " 1,000
Levi Cox, of Wooster, « 11th « 1,000
James L. Torbert, of Springfield, «< 12th «* 1,000
Eb^n B. Sadler, of Sandusky, <« 12th «' 1,000
Philemon Bliss, of Painesville, « Uth '< 1,000
Benj. S. Co wen, of St. Clairsville, » 15^4 '« 1,000
Patrick G. Goode, of Sydney, « 16^ " 1,000
William V. Peck, of Portsmouth, <« 17th «' 1,000
George B. Way,; of Defiance, « 18th « 1,000
James Stewart, of Mansfield, «< 19th '* 1,000
Sherlock J. Andrews, Superior Court of CUtelandj 1,000
William Johnson, " » Cindnnatij 1,000
Thomas M. Key, Commercial Court of Cincinnati^ 1,000
The Superior Court of Cincinnati has original civil jurisdiction with the
Court of Common Pleas of Hamilton Co., at copimon law and in chancery.
The Commercial Court of Cincinnati has original concurrent jurisdiction
with the Court of Common Pleas of Hamilton Co., in all cases founded on
matter of contract, both at law and in chancery. It is held by a single
judge, appointed by the Legislature for the term of seven years. It has
also a jury, in all respects like the Common Pleas. Suits are reviewed by
the Supreme Court upon appeal and write of error.
1
976
08fO«
[185L
FtVAiroBi
Fw tks FiiM Year ending JfmfemUr 15tk, 1849.
The toUl amount of racelpU for the year ending Not. 15th, 1849, waa . . •2,511,119.37
Balance In Treasury, Not. 16th, 1848, 426,451.87
Total, ^ • 2,937,571.^
Total dlaburMmenta for all porposea during'the year, 2.383.136.84
Balance in Treasury, Not. 16th, 1849, • 554,435.40
State Debt, PrincipaL Annual Interaat
Domestic bonds, outstanding, •629,592.38 •28,657.96
Irreducible stock, school an(l trust funds, . . . 1,616,626.59 96,937.54
Foreign debt, 16,8 8 0,988.60 1,028,368.96
Total State debt and annoal interest, Nor. 16th, 1819, • 19,026,aoa47 • 1,147,854.45
During the year, • 131,660.86 Of the domestic bonds haTe been redeemed and caxicelled.
The irreducible stock, upon which the State pays six per cent, interest to the townships
and districts from which the funds were receiTed, forma a part of the State debt which is
not to be repaid. The surplus reTenue, amounting to $2,007,260.34, and loaned to the fund
commissioners of counties, of which sum • 839,012.68 has been already repaid, was due to the
State January l>t, I860, except certain balances not due until 16^. After the money be-
comes due, if not paid, the counties must pay six percent, interest on what remains in their
hands. The Sute owns $3,011,868.71 of turnpike, railway, and canal stock, on which, in
1849, • 38,049. 10 diTidend was receiTed. The gross income of the public works tor the year
1849 was $740,463.26. The total Talue of taxable property, real and personal, in the States
for the year 1849, was $ 430,839,066, upon which the State tax was $ 1 ,296,347.66. The folr
lowing talde exhibits the present raTenue of the State as compared with the former tax lavra.
Years.
Real Property.
Personal
Property.
Total Value
of Property.
Rate of
State
Tax.
Amount of
Mate Tax
leTied.
Amount of
State Tax
collected.
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1349
$107,142,152
108,185,744
109,940,636
326,798,730
330,995,273
335,839,311
$29,000,514
35,974,725
40,960,695
83,964,430
90,072,718
95,000,074
$136,142,666
144,160,469
150,901,331
410,763,160
421,067,991
430,839,085
7 mills.
7 "
8 «
2| "
3 «
3 "
$948,996.63
1,006,001.25
1,206,462.22
1,131,398.14
1,265,769.26
1,296,347.56
• 929,252.79
973,607.47
1,161,922.46
1,114,287.61
1,223,001.64
1,260,000.00
Total,
$6,856,975.06
$6,661,971.87
Ch^fSourcet of Income.
Taxes, real and personal proper-
ty, including arrears, . . •1,238,648.02
Taxes on professions, peddlers, for-
eign insurance companies, and
auction duties, . . . 19,267.33
State tax on joint-stock companies!, 7,623.30
Brokers' licenses, . . . 3,409.35
Tax on banks, .... 63,862.58
Tax on insurance and bridge comp., 1,829.65
Canal tolls, water rents, &c.,
DiTldends, turnpike and canal, .
Principal of surplus reTenue,
Interest on surplus reTenue,
Canal lands sold, . . «
School and tniat funds, . . . 48,694.71
Rents of Va. military school lands, 3,610.90
3 per cent, fund paid by U. States, 13,246.67
Cbilms collected, . . . 6,764.81
Prineipal Items of Expenditure.
Bins drawn for appropriations, • 307,166.41
Common School Fund, . . 200,000.00
Interest on ibraign debt, . 1,022,358.96
" special school and trust funds, 91,610.13
" on domestic bonds, . 30,821.22
720,275.42|Repairs on canals and public works^ 440,689.90
38,049. 10|Repalra and contracts on Weat
Res. and Mauroee Turnpike road, 14,679.06
Repairs on 'National Road, . . 44,660.36
Incidental expenses of Board of
Public Works, .... 4,924.28
183,426.17
68,336.71
42,196.04
Boad tolls, 67,161.46
The number and Talue of the domestic animals in the State, by the aaseeson' i^ums for
1849, were as foUows : — Number of horses, 606,833, — Talue, $18,162,269; number of
mules, 2,946,— Talue, $101,233; number of cattle, 1,058,933, — Talue, $10,483,526; num-
ber of sheep, 3,911,836, —Talue, $2,072,287; number of hogs, 1,947,672, — Talue, $2,449,820.
Total Talue of domestic animals, $ 83,269,136. The whole Talue of pereonal property, ex-
cIusIto of the aboTO, upon the duplicates, waa $ 96,000,074.
^
1851.] MIGBIOAN. S77
Common Sehoolt. — Amount of School Fund owned by the State, • 616,626,89. Amount
apportioned ibr school purposes to the several counties ibr\Ke year 1849, « 293,158.86. In
184S the number of whole school-districts in the State was 6,826 ; of fractional districts,
835; ofcommon schools, 5,062 J of teachers, male, 2,799, female, 2,412; of scholars enrolled,
males, 60,211, females, 44,219; average daily attendance, males, 50,442, females, 40,253.
The amount of wages paid to teachers from public funds was, to males, • 116,812.82, to fe-
males, • 32,392.62 ; from other sources, males, « 25,154.81, females, 860,442. Number of
months common schools have been taught, 15,745. 163 new school- houses were built the
past year, at a cost of $ 39,727.43. Amount of building fund raiaed by tax, • 31,640.47.
Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Columbus. — Statistics for eleven years, ifrom Nov. 30, 1838, to
Nov. 15, 1849, inclusive: — The number admitted during the 11 years was 1,365; of whom
were males, 716; females, 649; old cases, 639; recent cases, 796; pay patients, 448; State
patients admitted, 92SL Number of males discharged, 653; of females, 4S9. Number of
males recovered, 334 ; of females, 301. During the 11 years, of the whole number, 1,366, 179
died, 107 males and 72 females. The per cent of recoveries on all racent cases discharged,
in 11 years, was 90.70; on all old cases discharged, 25.16; total on the whole number dis-
charged, 60.90; grand per cent, of recoveries on all admitted In 11 years, 46.52; per cent, of
deaths on the average number in II years, 8.30. The chief supposed remote and excitii^
causes were, intemperance, 71 ; ill health, 293 ; domestic trouble and affliction, 137; loss of
property, 41; religious, 102; masturbation, 69; epilepsy, 65; fright, 17; slander, 8; and
fenerally, from physical causes, 700 ; from moral causes, 456. ^1 cases were hereditary ;
123 periodical ; 137 suicidal ; and 33 homicidal. Insanity commenced -with 126 under 20
years of age, and of these, 42 recovered : 573 between 20 and 30, and 272 recovered ; 347 be-
tween 30 and 40, and 156 recovered ; 207 between 40 and 50, and 106 recovered ; 84 between
60 and 60, and 50 recovered ; 27 between 60 and 70, and 9 recovered. Of the whole number,
174 were natives of Ohio ; 1,011 of other States; and 180 were foreigners.
Ohio Penitentiary. — Laurin Dewey, Warden. The number of prisoners, Nov. 30, 184Si
was 425. Number admitted during the year, 156. Whole number during the year, 581.
Of these there have been discharged, by expiration of sentence, 58 ; by pardon, 58 ; by death,
121 ; by writ of error, 1 ; by pardon from President of the United States, 4 ; escaped, 3 ; in
all, 246. Number in confinement, Nov. 30, 1849, 336. Of the 121 deaths, 116 were of chol-
era, ail which were between June 30 and July 30. Of the 166, 119 were committed for of-
fences against propetty, including burglary, larceny, counterfeiting, borse-ateallngy &«-i 2
for avson, 1 for forgery, 2 for robbing the mails, and 32 for offences against life or the person.
The receipts of the prison for the year were • 37,883.36. Expenses, 929,616.07. fialance in
favor of the prison, i 8,267.29. There is a library connected with the prison, for the use of
the convicts, of nearty 8,000 volumes.
Deaf and Dumb Asylum, Columbus. — II. N. Hubbell, Superintendent. The aaylum
has been m actual operation 20 years, during which time there have been 433 pupils from
373 different families. Largest number of pupils from same family at any one time, 6. Of
the whole number, 192 were congenitally deaf and dumb, 180 from various diseases and ac-
cidents, and 61 unknown or uncertain. 257 were males and 176 females. 31 have died
and 26 have married (generally with deaf and dumb), but have had no deaf and dumb chiK
dren. Tban are now in the school 134 pupils, 64 males and 71 females. The average
weekly co«t per pupil has been 7^ cents.
XXV. MICHIGAN.
Goperwmeni for the Year 1851.
JoHir 8. BiRRY, of Constantine, Governor (term of office expires SBlary.
Ist Monday of January, 1852, $ 1,500
William M. Fenton, of Flint, Lieutenant' Oot^emar, $6 ^r diem
[during the sesrion of the Legislature.
Charles H. Taylor, of Grand Rapids, Seoretmy <f dtate^ Fees smd 800
24
878 MicBiOAV. [I85i.
Silary.
John J. Adams, ofTeoumieh, AudUor^General^ 1»000
B. C. Whittemore, of Pontiac, SuUe Treasurer, 1,000
George V. N. Lothrop, of Detroit, Morfuy-Gauraly Exp. and 700
Francis W. Sherman, of Marahall, Sup'i oj Public IfutruUum^ 500
Porter Kibber, of Mt. Clemens, CommW of LandrQfice, 1,000
Henry C. Bunee, of Marshall, Raearder of Land-OfieSy 400
John E. Schwarz, of Detroit, Mj.-Gen, andQ. M, Gen,, 450
Justis Goodwin, of Calhoun Co., ^gent of State Prison, 750
The seat of government is located permanently at Lansing, Ingham
county, to which place the public offices were removed in December, 1847.
A new constitution, adopted in convention, will be submitted to the people
in November, 1850. The judges and cabinet officers are, by an amend-
ment of the constitution, made elective by the people ', the first election to
be in November, 1850.
Judiciary.
Supreme CourtJ* Saianr.
Charles W. Whipple, of Niles, Ckirf Justice, $1,500
Warner Wing, of Monroe, Associate Justice^ 1,500
Sanford M. Green, of Ponliac, " 1,500
Edward Mundy, of Grand Rapids, <* 1,500
Randolph Manning, *^ 1,500
Samuel T. Douglass, of Detroit, Reporter, 500
The judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the Governor, by and
with the advice and consent of the Senate, and hold office for seven years.
Circuit Courts, — There are five judicial circuits in the State, to each of
which is assigned a justice of the Supreme Court, who holds one or two
terms of the Circuit Court annually in each county. These courts have
original equity jurisdiction, and appellate jurisdiction of probate cases and
cases firom the County Courts. They have concurrent jurisdiction with
the County Courts of all civil actions where the amount in controversy ex-
ceeds five hundred dollars.
County Courts, — These are courts of general common law jurisdiction,
both civil and criminal. They have exclusive jurisdiction of all actions
where the amount in controversy does not exceed five hundred dollars, ex-
cept cases cognizable by a justice of the peace, and eoncurrenl jurisdiction
with the Circuit Courts in all other civil actions, and in proceedings in
equity for the foreclosure of mortgages. They have also appellate jurisdic-
tion of causes cognizable by justices of the peace. Persons indicted for
ofiiences punishable by imprisonment in the State prison may demand a
trial before the circuit judge, who in sach cases presides in the County
Court upon the trial. These courts are held by the county judge, or in his
absence, or where he is interested, by the second judge, both of wh9m are
elected by the people for four years, and are paid by fees.
Courts of Probate, — There is a Court of Probate in each county. The
judge is elected by the people, and paid by fees.
* Jttdgs MilM, of ths Supreme Ooim, died Aug. 24, I860.
1851.]
mCRIOAK.
979
FllTAHCKS.
Balance in the TreasniT, Nor. 30th, 1848, .
Total receipts into the Treasury for the fiscal year,
Total available means for the year, . . •
Total expenditures during the fiscal year,
Balance In the Treasury, Nor. aOth, 1849, .
Chief Sourcea of Income,
Taxes and saJes of lands, among
which are
Taxes on Michigan C. R. R.,
Michigan S. R. R., .
Erie and Kalamazoo ,
Mining in Territory,
Banks,
Principal Items of Expenditure in 1849.
Legislature, .... #63,709.16;
• 51,681.66
494,166.05
545,846.61
490,399.23
it
ti
tt
It
Executire, «...
Judiciary,
State prison, ....
• 1 1 ,000.00^,p^ counties for taxes,
, 2,600.00 gj^j^ggg ^f gjQgg of tax lands,
l,186.08igj^^g Library, .
1 ,264.00, Volunteer regiment, adranced U.
2,642.66 giat^ buildings, .
School moneys apportioned,
Treasurer of University, .
s.,
66,447.39
• 12,602.18
9,570.74
14,609.54
8,377.99
17,054.32
64.06
2,384.70
1,793.91
39,382.95
6,096.27
The aggregate amount of indebtedness of the State of Michigan, as stated by
the AaditorGeneral In his last report of December 1st, 1849, was,
#2,812,717.661
Some of it draws interest at 7 per cent., bat the most of it bears only 6 per
cent, faiterest.
The resources and property of the State, other than State buildings and
furniture, are stated at
Consisting of balance due ftom Soatbern Railroad Co., of . . • 336,846.85
Due from the United States, 82,456.96
Wild lands, not including school lands, about .... 176,000.00
Gash on hand, — taxes due from counties,— due for lands and
lots sold, — lands bought in for taxes, &c, Ac, . 146,450.82
Leaving the actual State debt, ovw and aiwre the resources of the State
740,76166
12,071,962.90
to be applied in payment,
The following table shows the valoation of State property, both real and
personal, from 1838 to 1849, inclusive ; also, the rate and amount of the
State tax.
Year.
Valuation.
Rata of State tax.
MiUs on 1 1.
Amount of T&x.
Estimated Rate
per Head.
1838
$42,952,495 61
2
$ 85,904.97
50 cts.
1839
46,192,702.29
2
92,3a5.43
50 "
1840
37,833,024.13
2
75,666.04
36 «
1841
34,603,021.85
3
103,809.03
47 »*
1842
29,148,039.19
2
58,296.07
25 "
1843
27,696,940.41
2
55,393.88
21 «
1844
28,583,007,32
2
57,166.01
21 «
1845
28,922,097.59
2k
72,305.23
24 ««
1846
29,426,865.67
2h
73,562.15
23 «•
1847
27,617,240.13
2i
69,043.10
19 **
1848
29,908,769.25
2i
74,771 .92 >
75,947.41 \
36 <'
1848
Interest State debt tax,
2| on 1847.
1849
28,999,202^23
di
72,498.00;
29,908.75 5
23*"
1849
Interest State debt tax.
1 on 1848.
Common Schools in 1849. — Number of townships in the State, 471 ; number reporting,
448. Number of disUicts, 3,060 ; number reporting, 2,636. Number of childrA attending
980 OioiAlfA. [1851.
■chool during tha year, 102,871. Number dnwinf public money, 125,218. Number of
scholars under 4 years of age, 1,937; orer 18, 6,023. 4,788 scb^ars have attended uain-
corfxmtted, private, or select schools. Amount of school money apportioned $ 52,305.37 ;
raised by tax, • 73,801.92. Raised for purchasing, building, ^., school-houses, « 51 ,065.20.
Baceived fVom local funds, $ 0,830.63. Volumes in township libraries, 67,877. Mill tax for
township libraries and support of schools, § 17,830.11.
A State Normal School hi^ been established at Ypsilanti, with an endowment of school
lands. It is to be under the control of a Board of Education of six persons, appointed by the
Legislature. Tlie school buildings are now in process of erection.
Aajflum for the Insane, and for the Deaf, Dumb, and Blind. -^Bj act of the Legis-
lature of 1848, the Michigan Asylum for educating the deaf, the dumb, and the bliod, wae
established at Kalamazoo, and by the same Legislature, " tlie Michigan Asylum for the
Insane" was established at Flint. Both institutions are endowed with lands, and are under
the control of a board of five trustees, elected by the Legislature. The buildings are not yet
completed.
From a report of the Secretary of State, made under the act to procure statistical in-
formation, it appears that the land under cultivation in the State in 1848 was 1,437,460
acres, of which 465,900 acres were sown with wheat. The quantity of wheat raised was
4,739,300 bushels, and of aU other grains 8,179,767 bushels ; of wool produced, l,645,7661b0. ;
of sugar made, l,774,369Uis. ; in the State, there were 52,305 horses, 210,268 neat cacttle,
162,541 swine, 610,534 sheep, 223 flouring-mills, 568 run of stones, 719,478 barrels of fiour
made, 694 hands employed, • 1,496,400 capital employed, 730 saw-mills, 157,179,257 feet
of lumber sawed, 1,959 hands employed, $ 939,470 capital invested, and $4,660,074 in mer-
chandise imported, exclusive of Detroit.
The Secretary thinks that the. amount of capital said to be inreeted in saw and fiour mlUs
is underrated, )}ut that the reipainder of .the report is nearly correct.
XXVI. INDIANA.
Government for the Year 1851.
Joseph A. Wright, Governor (term of office expires in Decern- Salary.
ber,1852), $1,300
James H. Lane, Lieut.'Govemorfy President of the Senate^ $3 a day.
Charles H. Test,. of Wayne Co., Secretary of State ^ of Senate^ 800
James P. Diake, of Indianapolis, Treasurer of State^ 1|000
E, W. H. Ellis, of Goshen, Mditor of Public Accounts, 1,000
Samuel Hannah, of Wayne Co., Superintendent of Schools.
James Morrison, of Indianapolis, President of State Banky . 1,300
James M. Ray, <' Cashier of State Bank, 1,100
Allen May, State Agent* $ 1,000 and travelling expenses.
Samael Beck, of Indianapolis, Quartermaster-General^ 100
David Reynolds, Adjutant^ General, 100
Jacob P. Chapman, of Indianapolis, State Printer.
Lemuel Ford, of Clark Co., Warden of State Prison, $ 600
Samuel H. Patterson, of JefTersonville, Keeper of the Penitentiary, Profits.
John B. Dillon, of Indianapolis, State Librarian, $ 500
Geo. W. Ca(r, of Lawrence Co., Speaker of the House.
John M. Lord, of Grant Co., Clerk of the House.
Frank Emerson, of Brownstown, Secretary of Senate.
William Noel, of Rockville, Governor's Private Secretary, 300
* The State A^eiit of Indiana lias an office in the City of New YoriL
185L] IKDIAN^. S81
JUDICIABT.
Supreme Court.
Salary.
Isaac Blackford, ■ of Indianapolis, Chief Judge^ $1,300
Samael E. Perkins, of Richmond, Judge^ 1,300
Thomas L. Smith, of New Albany, *< 1,300
Lucian Barbour, of Indianapolis, AUomey' General.
Henry P. Cobum, of Indianapolis, CUrk^ Fees.
The judges are appointed by the Governor and Senate for 7 years, and
the senior in commission is the chief judge. This court holds its sessions
at Indianapolis, in May and November. It has appellate jurisdiction only,
except in cases of chancery in which the President of the Circuit Court
may be interested.
CireuiU Courts,
Qrc Plwident Judges. Proeecutlng AttorQeys.
Ist. Isaac Naylor, of Crawfordsrflle. Jos. E. McDonald, of Lafayette.
2d. William T. Otto, of Brownstown. Lyman Leslie, of Charieeton.
3d. Ooortland Cashing, of MadlMHL JohnDomont, ofVevay.
4th. James Lockbait, of Eransrine. Lemuel Q. De Bruler.
6th. Wm. W. Wick, of Indianapolis.
6th. J. T. Ellfott, of Newcastle. JohnB. Stitt, of Gentreyille.
7th. John Law, ofVincennes. James C. Allen, ofRockville.
8th. Horace?. Biddle, ofLogansport. William Z. Stuart, ofLogansport.
9th. KM. Chamberbdn, of Goshen. Joseph H. Mather, of Goshen.
10th. David McDonald, ofBloomington. Craven P. Hester, of Bloomington.
11th. Jeremiah Smith, of Winchester. Joseph S. Buckles, ofMuncie.
12th. James W. Borden, of Ft. Wayne. Robert L. Douglass, of Angola.
13th. Wm. M. McCarty,ofBrookville.
The president judges are elected l>y the Legislature for 7 years. The
attorneys are chosen by the people for 3 years ; and the associate judges
and clerks of the courts are elected by the people for 7 years. The salary
of the judges is $800 each ; the attorneys have $ 150 each and fees. The
judges hold two terms in each county annually. There are two associate
judges in each county, who receive $2 a day during the session.
Common Pleas Courts.
Court. Judges. Tbrmends. SUary.
Tippecanoe Co., A. M. Crane, of Tippecanoe Co., 1855, %!&, fees.
Marion Co., Edward Lander, of Indianapolis, 1856, Costs.
Finances.
Balance in the Treasury, Oct 31, 1848, •694,096.09
Total raceipU into the Treasury for year ending Oct. 31, 1849, . . . 872,943.36
Total revenue, 91,666,339.44
Total warraats on Traasuiy for same period, I,137,38a26
Balance In Treasury, Oct. 31, 1849, 9428,941.19
Of this sum, however, #200,000 consists of a balance In the hands of the trustees of the
Wabash and Erie Canal, over which ths Treasury Department has no control, and a large
34»
IHOIAlfA. [1851.
portion of the mnaindar I • made up of I^miiut nolei and land acrip, which hare been re-
deemed and are ready for cancellation. >
Chi^ Sonrcea of Income. Judiciary,
Gash on hand, 1 094,096 09 P*'^^*^ P^ntbif, .
Permanent rerenae, . . 443,660 22 '^^***^'**'*'y» •
State prison.
Interest on Treasury notee,
Interest on public debt,
Wabash and Erie Canal,
Deaf and dumb, . . .
Blind, ....
• 21,728.67
. 7,471.28
761.99
2,476.04
44,711.05
188,344.00
631,899.83
26;370.00
15,146.89
State prison, .... 24,620.14
Common school fund, . . 68,489.16
Wabash and Erie Canal trust, 277,820.80
Principal Items qf Expenditure.
Legislature, .... 128,46686
Executive, 4,496.66llnsane Hospital, . . . . 20,331.00
The Auditor's Report shows that the lands assessed for taxes of 1849 amounted to
15,794,163 acres. These lands, for the purposes of taxation, were valued at •56,067,080 ;
improvements at §23,746,962 ; town lots and buildings at • 14,667,368; corporaticm stock at
i 1 16,364 ; personal property, • 33,463,391. Total of taxable property, • 127,061,165. Polla
assessed for 1849, 136,919. There is a poll-tax of 76 cents, and an od valorem tax upon
property of 25 cents on the • 100, for State purposes.
State Debt. -^?rioT to 1847 the State owed on her foreign debt, principal, §11,048,000;
interest, §3,326,640; total, § 14,374,640. By the acts of the Legislature of 19th January,
1846, and 27th January, 1847, proposals were made to the hdlders of bonds that they should
complete the Wabash and Erie Canal, and take the State's interest in it for one half of this
debt, and the State would issue new certificates for the other half, upon which she would pay
interest at the rate of four per cent per annum until January, 1863, and after that time at
five per cent, and issue certificates for one lialf of the arrears of interest, upon which she
would pay interest at the rate of 2^ per cent, per annum after January, 1863. In this 2^ per
cent, stock is also included one per cent, per amium upon the principal, which gives the
holder of the old bond, wlien surrendered, five per cent, per annum upon the new five per
cent, slock from the dividend day next preceding his surrender of the old bonds.
On the 1st day of July, 1849, there had been surrendered of the old bonds, and new ce^
tificates taken under this proposition by the State, of principal, § 9,320,000, leaving then
butstandhig of her old bonds, of principal, § 1,728,000. The State has issued of the new
certificates of stock, paying four per cent, until 1853, and after that time five per cent,
§4,660,000; of 2^ per cent stock, she has issued § 1,656,207.60. The State keeps an agency
in the city of New York for the surrender of the old stock, issuing the new, and receiving
transfers of the new.
The State in 1839-40 authorized the issue of one and a half millions of treasury-notes
to pa^ off her internal improven^ent liabilities. These notes were made receivable for all
State dues, and have been annually returning into tfao treasury, and are now nearly all with'
drawn from circulation. The State also issued bonds for the bank capital, and treasury-notes
to pay the bank a debt which the State owed it But tliese treasury-notes were based upon
a sinking fund belonging to the State and held by the bank. The bank attends to the bonds
issued for its capital, and also to the redemption of the notes based upon the sinking fund.
The means held by the bank are considered ample for these purposes.
The liabilities of the State and Osmal may be thus stated : —
State Debt.
State's half principal of bonds surrendered, §4,660,000.00
State's half interest on bonds with 1 pe^ cent, of principal, with half of cou-
pons added, .' 1,656,207.50
Total foreign debt, 6,316,207.50
Add domestic debt, 215,530.00
I'll I
Total fereiga and domestic debt, 6,631,737.60
1851.] IHBIANA. 963
Cmtal Debt.
Canal's half principal of bonds, .^ •4,660,000.00
Canal's half interest on bonds surrendered, 1,373,450.00
Canal's half coupons belonging to bonds, . , 9,275.00
Total Canal's half, up to July 16, 1849, 6,042,725.00
State Stock
The amount of the several stocks issued under the act for liquidating the public debt, up
to July 1st, 1849, is as follows: —
6 per cent. State stock, . •4,660,000.00|2J per cent, special deferred
2^ per cent. State stock, . 1,676,207.50
6 per cent, preferred Canal stock, 4,079,500.00
6 per cent, deferred Canal stock, 580,500.00
fii per cent special preferred
Canal stock, . . 1,213,625.00
Canal stock, . . • 169,100.00
Total stocks iss'd to July 1, 1849, 12,378,932.60
Deduct for 2^ per cent. State
stock revenues, . 20,000.00
Total outstanding, July 1, 1849, 12,358,932.50
The State Is paying interest only on her 5 per cent. State stock, at the rate of 4 per cent.
After the year 1853, the rate of interest on this will be 5 per cent. After 1853, the 2| per
cent State stock will draw interest at that rate. The remaining stocks are thrown upon the
Canal, and their redemption, principal and interest, depends upon the receipts from the Canal,
in accordance with the provisions of the act above lefened to.
Asylum for /Ae Deaf and Dumb, Jndianapolia.—JemeB S. Brown, A. M., Principal.
Pupils in attendance, Dec. 1849, 126 ; 80 males and 46 females. All the deaf and dumb of the
State between the ages of 10 and 30 are entitled to an education, without charge for board or
tuition.
Institute for the Blind, Indianapolis. --W. H. Churchman, Superintendent Number
of pupils, November 30, 1848, 28. During the year ending November 30, 1849, 3 pupils have
been discharged, and 13 received. Present number 38 ; 26 males and 13 females. T^e board-
ing and tuition of pupils who are children of residents in the State are free. Generally, ap-
plicants over 21 years of age are not admitted.
Hospital for the Insane. — This institution was opened (part of its buildings only being
completed) in December, 1848. From that time to November 1, 1849, 104 were admitted, of
whom there have been discharged, 20 restored, 4 improved, and 4 have died, leaving 76 in
the Hospital. Of the 104, 63 were males and 61 females ; 26 were natives of Indiana, 20 of
Ohio, 11 of Virginia, and 13 were foreigners.
State Prison, JeffersonvUle. — Lemuel Ford, Warden. Number in prison, November 30,
1848, 140; received 8inc», 46 ; discharged during the year by expiration of sentence, 31 ; by
pardon, 8 ; by order of court, 1 ; by death, 12 ; in all, 52. In prison, November SO, 1849, 131.
Of theee, 21 are less than 20 years old; from 20 to 30, 71j from 30 to 40, 20; from 40 to 60,
13; from 60 to 60, 6 ; above 60, 1. 6 prisoners are committed for life, I for 36 years, and 66
for terms of 2 years or lees ; 23 have no education ; 22 can read only ; 80 can read and write ;
4 have a good English education ; and 2 are acquainted with the classics. 61 are married, 5
are widowers, and 66 are single. There is 1 female. 61 are intemperate, 45 moderate drink-
ers, and 25 temperate. 17 are natives of Indiana, 20 of foreign countries, and the remainder
of other States. 116 are. whites, and 16 areAft'icans. Bare socond-comen, 1 is athifd*
comer, and 1 is convicted for the fourth, 1 for the fifth, and 1 for the sixth tima 113 an
committed for oflfonces against property, and 18 for offences against the penon.
Common Schools. — By act of January 19, 1849, adopted by 64 counties at the election in
August of that year, the common school fund is constituted of the following funds, whose
estimated value is as follows : —
Surplus revenue fond, •681,818.38
Saline fond, 82^179.09
Bank tax fund, 61,760.91
Total, 716,748.28
S84 ILLI1I018. [1851*
In the 21 coimtlw that made ratomt, then were 08,214 nhobn between the ages of 5 and
21. In eeran countiee that dlatinguiahed between the aexee, there aw 15,716 males, and
14,619 femalee. If the remaining counties hare the same arerage, there were in 1849, about
376,000 scbolan between the ages of 6 and 21 In the State.
XXVII. ILLINOIS.
Govemment for the Year 1851.
Salary.
Augustus C. French, Qcvemor^ and ex officio Land Commissioner
(term ends 2d Monday in January, 1853), $1,500
William M*Murtry, Uoulenant-Goitemor^ $3 a day daring session,
[and 10 cents a mile travel.
^ Secretary of State, Fees and 800
Thomas H. Campbell, Auditory (exclusive of clerk hire,) 1,000
John Moore, TVeasurer^ 800
Zadock Carey, Speaker of the House,
S. Niies, Clerk.
William Smith, Secretary of the Senate.
JUDICIIRT.
Supreme Court.
1st Division, Lyman Trumbull, of Belleville,
« F. D. Preston, of Mt. Vernon,
3d Division, Samuel H. Treat, of Springfield,
*« Wm. B. Warren, of Jacksonville,
3d Division, John Deane Caton, of Ottawa,
<* Lorenzo Leland, of Ottawa,
This court holda one session in each Division of the State each year.
The terms are, Ist Division, at Mt. Vernon, Jefferson Co., on the 2d
Monday in November; 2d Division, at Springfield, on the 3d Monday in
December ; 3d Division, at Ottawa, La Salle Co., on the Ist Monday of
February.
Circuit Courts.
David M. Woodson, of Carrolton,
Wm. H. Underwood, of Belleville,
Wm. A. Denning, of Benton,
J. Harlan, of Marshall,
Wm. A. Minshall, of Rushville,
B. R. Sheldon, of Galena,
Hugh T. Dickey, of Chicago,
David Davis, of Bloomington,
TheophilusW. Dickey, of Ottawa,
FiNAIVCXS.
State Jkbt.'^ln 1848, the State debt consisted of the following Items : ~-
New internal impcoTementstoclc. — Principal bonds, . #3,100,734.98
Interest July 1, 1847, to Jan, 1, 1848, 279,066.14
Deferred Interest bonds, , 1,101,057.19
— : •4,480,85a31
Judge^
$1,200
CUrky
Fees.
JudgCy
i,aoo
Clerkj
Fees.
JudgCy
1,200
Clerk,
Fees.
lit Circuit,
2d
iC
3d
Ci
4th
cc
5th
cc
6th
((
7th
Ci
8th
<c
9th
•<
Salary.
Judge^
f 1,000
cc
1,000
cc
1,000
cc
1,000
cc
1,000
cc
1,000
cc
1,000
cc
1,000
cc
1,000
1851. J ILLINOIS. S85
Brought forwBid, •4,480,86&31
Bank, internal impro7ement and State-House bonds outstanding, 2,481,960.00
Interest to Jan. 1, 1849, 1,116,882.00
3,598,842.00
The Wiggins loan 100,000.00
Interest to Jan. 1, 1849, 45,000.00
146,000.00
Internal improrement scrip and indebtedness outstanding, . 396,183.88
' Interest to Jan. 1, 1849, 208,130.18
803,314.06
Amount due Macallistar & Stabblns, being amomt of bonds hy-
pothecated to them, not carried into this general statement, 668,000.00
Total, ; . . . , $8,828,014.37
From the abbve deduct interest paid, 156,000.00
Received on sale of railroad, 21,100.00
Received in bonds and certificates of stocks for 1847 and 1848, 31,741.00
208,841.00
Balance, . . ^ . . . •8,619,173.37
Total amount of Canal debt, with interest to Jan. 1, 1849, . . . 8,042,622.00
Total amount of State debt, ' . 116,661,795.37
To meet this debt the Sute owns 145,000 acres of land, valued at about 1870,000. Be-
sides the revenue accruing from ordinary taxation, nearly $88,000 were received from th«
tolls of the Illinois and Michigan Canal. This was, however, the first season of its comple-
tion, and these receipts are not a test of its capacity for business. The sum realized by the
sale of Canal lands in September, 1848, under the law under which the money was adrauced
by the bondholders for the completion of the work, amounted to neariy $770,000, exceeding
in amount the original appraited value of the lands about two per cent. The appraised
value of the entire lands, lots, &;c., belonging to the Canal, amounts to nearly $ 3,000,000^
and at these rates of sales there will be realized fi^m this source not less than $ 3,500,000,
which will go far toward liquidating this portion of the State debt, independently of the
yearly revenue from the Canal. For the year 1847-48 there has been paid Into the public
treasury tlie average yearly sum of $ 118,000, the avails of what Is denominated the interest
tax. This amount has been regularly forwarded and proportionably applied to the payment
of interest upon all State bonds, as prescribed by law.
By a direct vote of the people, at the time of the acceptance of the constitution, it was
decided that there should be assessed, collected, and applied pro rata for the payment of
the public debt other than the Canal and schdol debt, a tax of two mills on the dollar, in
addition to all other taxes. The estimated effect of this tax was thus stated in the Address
to the People of Illinois, in August, 1847 : —
"The principal of the debt is $6,245,380; a two-mill tax in 1848 will prodnce about
$ 200,000. This tax will increase annually at the rate of about 7 per centum throughout the
25 years, reasoning from experience connected with Western advancement. Taking these
two propositions as the basis of our calculation, in 19 years this tax will yield $6,194,000,
which leaves unpaid of the principal only $61,380. There is, however, alreatfy accrued
1^2,248,372 of Interest, which will be bcreased to about $3,000,000 before this provision
can be carried into operation. Tliere will accrue, during the 19 years, $3,659,916, making
the aggregate of interest due at that time $6,559,916, which, however, is subject to constant
reduction from three fifths of the mill-and-a-half fund now raised, which in the 19 years
amounts to $ 2,784,300, leaving interest then really due amounting to $3,775,616. To this
add the unpaid portion of the principal, $ 51,380, and we have $ 3,826,996, which, without
any great increase of interest, is yet to be discharged. To do this, we now have the aggre-
gate fund produced from the three fifths of the mill-and-a-half tax, and from the two-mill
tax, which in the 6 following years will produce $4,368,700, which will liquidate the whole
MItfOUftI*
[1851.
amoonty Mng an ezcaM of naailj 1500,000. AU this, too, withoat mttsrlaDy Increuing
our burdens, whaa riewed IH connectioa with the proposed redaction of State expenses."
Common Sehoolo in 1848.— No. of school-districu, 2,002; of schools, 2,317. No.
taught by males, 1,566; hj females, 996. Average monthly wages of males, #16.56; of
fcmalas, •8.93. No. of scholars, 61,447. No. of children under 20 years of age, 209,639.
No. of school-houses, 1,937; amount of school funds, $ 1,404,761.50. Amount raised by ad
valorem tax, • 1,061,137.
J)9c^ and Dumb AMylumf Springfield.— Tbomu Officer, Principal The histitutioa
was opBOiBd In January, 1846. The number of pupils in January, 18tt, ma 00, of whom
26 were females. 49 were from lUinols, of whran 5 were paying pupils. Thus wore 10
pupils fh>m Missouri, and 1 from Iowa. Applicants must be over 10 years of age. The
charge to paying pupils— and all from out the Stats, and those who are able in the State,
pay — is #80, which includes everything but clothing and travelling expenses. Nor are
these paid to charity pupils. The annual session commences the first Thursday of Octo-
ber, iriiich is the proper time of admission.
XXVIII. MISSOURI.
AusTiv A. Kivo, of Richmond,
Thomas L. Price,
Ephraim B. Ewiog,
Wilson Brown,
Peter G. Glover,
William -A. Robards,
A. P. Richardson,
William G. Minor,
Geo. W. Miller,
GoosniiiMirt for Ae Year 1851.
T^sraieiids. fiUary.
Govenwr, 1852, $ 2,000
[and a fhmished house,
of Jefferson City, Lieut.- Oavtmor^ 1852,
of Richmond, Secretary of State and
Sup't €f PubUe SekooU, April, 1853, 1 ,300
of Cape Girardeau, .^imI. a/* .^ccottnttf, 1853, 1,600
Treasurer^ 1,350
of Boone County, j^^tomey- Genera/, 1853, 750
of Ray County, Register qf Lands^ 1853, 1,250
of Jefferson City, w^4;ttton^ Gfenera/, 100
'* Qttarter master- Oenerdl^ 100
MerryweatherL.Clark,of St. Louis, Surveyor- General, 1,500
James M. Hughs, of Liberty, President of State Bank,
Henry Shurlds, of St. Louis, Cashier *< " 2,000
The Lieutenant-Governor is, ez qffieio^ President of the Senate, and re-
ceives $4.50 a day while presiding. The pay of the Speaker of the
House of Representatives is the same. Senators are chosen every fourth,
and Representatives every second year. Their pay is $3 a day for the
firslt sixty days, and after that time $ 1 per day, except at a revising ses-
sion, when^hey may receive $ 3 per day for 100 days, and $ 1 for the re-
mainder of the session. The Legislature meets at the city of Jefferson,
biennially, on the last Monday in December.
Judiciary.
Supreme Court.
William B. Napton,
John F. Ryland,
James H. Birch,
of Saline County, Presiding Judge^
of Lafayette Co., Associate Judge^
of Clinton County, ^
Salary.
$1,100
1,100
1,100
186J.] 1II880UBI. 387
Two fleaaoiM of the Sapreme Coort are held annually, one at Jeffenon
City and one at St. Louis. The judges hold office for twelve years.
Circuit Courts.
Judges. Salary. Attorneys. Salary.
' Jas. W. Morrow, IstCircuit, $1,000 William A. Robards, $ 750 «fc fees.
W.A.Hall, 2d « 1,000 Charles H. Hardin, 250 »'
Carty Wells, 3d " 1,000 Alfred W. Lamb, .250 •*
Addison Rees, 4th «« 1,000 J. J.Lindley, 250 «
H.Young, 6th « 1,000 S.L.Sawyer, 250 "
Geo. W. Dunn, 6th « 1,000 M. Oliver, 250 "
F.P.Wright, 7th •« 1,000 W. P. Johnson, 250 »«
Alex. Hamilton, 8th <« 1,000 James R. Lackland, 250 <<
John H. Stone, 9th <* 1,000 M. D. Stevenson, 250 '«
H. Hough, 10th «' 1,000 Sam'l A. Hill, 250 «<
James A. Clark, 11th <« 1,000 W.Halliburton, 250 «<
Sol. L.Leonard, 12th <* 1,000 Samuel Archer, 250 "
Chas. S. Yancy, 13th •« 1,000 John T. Coffee, 250 "
Daniel M. Leet, 14th « 1,000 John R. Woodside, 250 «<
A Circuit Court is held twice a year in each county. Its jurisdiction ex-
tends to all matters of tort and contract over $ 90 where the demand is
liquidated, and over $50 where the agreement is parol. It has exclusive
criminal jurisdiction, and a supervision over the County Courts and jus-
tices of the peace, subject to the correction of the Supreme Court. The
judges of the Supreme and Circuit Courts are nominated by the Governor
and confirmed by the Senate. They hold office for eight years, though not
beyond 65 years of age.
In addition to the Circuit and County Courts, St. Louis has a Court of
Common Pleas, with a jurisdiction very similar to the Circuit Court, a
Criminal Court, a distinct Court of Probate, and a Recorder's Court.
Courts of St, Louis,
Sslacj.
Samuel Treat, Judge of Common Pleas^ ij^ 1,000
James B. Colt, Judge of Criminal Court, 1,000
Peter G. Furguson, Judge of Probate, Fees.
Dougherty, Recorder's Courts 1,200
Court of Common Pleas for the City of Hannibal,
Thomas Van Swarengin, Judge, $ 200 and fees.
These are local tribunals, exercising jurisdiction only in their counties,
except the Recorder's Court, whose jurisdiction is confined to small offences
and within the limits of the city. From the Court of Common Pleas and
Criminal Court, an appeal lies to the Supreme Court, — and the judges of
the Common Pleas are appointed like the circuit judges, with like tenures.
The judge of the Criminal Court is elected by the separate, but concurrent|
IOWA.
[1851.
rote of tb« two hornet, Ibr riz yean. The probate judge is elected by the
people of the eoanty for four yeari, and the Recorder by the people of the
city of St. Louis, for two yean.
Coitnty Courts. — The jurisdictioD of these courts is limited to matters of
probate and local county affairs, as roads, Sec. A County Court sits in each
county, and is composed of three justices, who are elected by the people,
and hold their offices for four years. An appeal lies to the Circuit Court.
The County Court of St. Louis County is composed of seTen judges.
They are relieved from probate duties by the separate court above men-
tioned.
The constitution of Missouri is amendable by a two-thirds vote, in two
consecutive legislatures, upon the proposition ; and amendments have been
once voted upon favorably to elect all the judges by the people of the dis-
tricts, and the proposition will probably be adopted with great unanimity.
Amount of State debt, $ 684,997.40. Interest on debt, $73,100.
XXIX. IOWA.
Cfovemmmt fifr the
of Jackson Co.,
of Van Buren Co.
of Linn Co.,
of Johnson Co.,
Thomas H. Benton, Jr., of Dubuque Co.,
Lemuel B. Patterson, of Johnson Co.,
J. J. Selman, of Davis Co.,
6. H. Bonham, of Johnson Co.,
C. C. Rockwell, of Jones Co.,
W. E. Leffingwell, of Clinton Co.,
AvBXL Briggb,
December, 1850),
J. H. Bonney,
Joseph T. Fales,
Morgan Reno,
Year 1^1.
Governor (term expires Salaiy.
$1,000
, Secretary of State, 500
.Auditor of PuUie Recounts, 600
Treasurer, 400
Sup't of Public Instruction, 1 , 200
Uhrarian, 150
Pres't of the Senate, $4 a day.
Speaker of the H. of Rep., "
Secretary of the Senate, $ 2 a day.
Ch. Clerk ofH. of Rep. ^
u
Board of Publie Works.
Wm. Patterson, Pres. Jesse Williams, IVeas. Geo. Gillespie, Sec.
The Legislature meets biennially, on the first Monday in December.
The pay of the members is $ 2 a day for the first fifly days, and $ 1 a day
for the rest of the session, with $2 for every twenty miles' travel.
Joseph Williams,
George Greene,
J. F. Kinney,
Eastin Morris,
JUDICIART.
Supreme Court,
of Muscatine <]!o.. Chief Justice,
of Dubuque Co., Associate Ju^ce,
of Lee Co., **
of Johnson Co., Reporter,
SBlaiy.
$1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
IfiSl.] iowA« SI89
The judges of the Supreme Cotnt are elected, by joint rote of the General
Assembly, for six years, and until their successors are elected and qualified.
The Supreme Court now holds four sessions, the State being divided into
four districts.
J. W. Woods, of Des Moines Co., Clerk of Ist District.
A. H. Anderson, of Dubuque Co., ** 2d <'
Ross, of Wappelle Co., «* 3d "
G. d. Hampton, of Johnson Co., " Ath ^
District Courts,
Salary.
George H. Williams,
of Lee Co., Judge of Ist Circuity
$1,000
James Grant,
of Scott Co., " 2d «*
1,000
J. P. Carleton,
of Johnson Co., « 3rf *«
1,000
Cyrus Olney,
of Jefferson Co , '« Ath «
1,000
William McKay,
of Polk Co., " hth «•
1,000
The judges of the District Court are elected, by the voters in their dis-
trict, for five years, and until their successors are elected and qualified.
FiNANCSS.
The value of ttae productive property held by the State is f 11,277,138. The absolute State
debt is •SSiOOO, on which the interest is 1 5,500 per annum. The revenue is derived from
taxes upon real and personal property. The expenditures are the salaries of State officers
and court expenses, and for the year ending November 30, 1848, were, — for the Legisla-
ture, #10,181; Executive, #2,500; Judiciary, #7,02092; public buildings at Iowa City,
# 3,200 ; Interast, # 2,662.37 ; roisceUaneous, # 7,069.46. Total, # 32,613.74. As the seesioos
of the Legislature are biennial, the ordiaary annual expenditure, exclasive of debts and
schools, is about # 19,000.
The aggregate valuation of taxable property (according to the assessors' returns for 1849)
Is # 18,479,751, being # 3,008,648 more than in 1848. The following are the various items : —
Acres of land, 3,160,394, value, with improvements, # 10,349,624 ; value of town lots and
Improvements, #2,945,299; value of capital employed in merchandise, #819,637; value of
mills, manufactories, distilleries, carding- machines, and tan-yards, with the stock employed,
#319,211; horses over two years old, 34,741, value, #1,272,005; mules and asses one year
old, 231, value, # 12,609; neat cattle over two years old, 91,222, value, #953,513 ; sheep over
six months old, 140,787, value, #156,163; hogs six months old, 226,861, value, #258,189;
pleasure carriages, 4,766, value, #167,200; watches, 1,311, value, #46,427; piano-lbrtes, 47,
value, #6,810; value of ci4[)ital stocks and profits in any company incorporated or unincor*
porated, #12,293; property in boats or vessels, #19,194; all other personal property over
# 100, # 237,265; value of gold and silver coin and bank-notes in actual possession, #213,782;
claims ibr money or other consideration, #510,677; value of annuities, #3,918; amount of
notes, mortgages, ftc., # 108,692 ; number of polls, 29,397. Levy lor State purposes, 3 miUs
on #1. The State tax in 1843 was #37,884.33, and in 1849 was #47,249.42, being ian in-
crease of 24 per cent.
Common SchooU.—lx is provided by the constitution, that a Superintendent of Public
Instruction shall be chosen by the people for three years, and that all lands granted by Con-
gress to this State, all escheated estates, and such per cent, as may be granted by Congress
on the sale of the public lands in Iowa, shall constitute a perpetual fund, the interest of
which, and the rents of the unsold lands, shall be applied to the support of common schools.
25
990 witoofffiif. [1851.
The AmmMj ■haU proTide Ibra tehool in etch achool-diitrtct, for at lewt three montlie in
each year; and all moneys received for ezempiioa from military duty, and for finea imposed
by the courts, shall be appropriated to support such schools, or the establishment of school
libraries. The money arising from the lease or sale of public lands granted for the support
of a uniyeraity shall remain a perpetual fund to maintain such an institution. Permaneni
Scliool Fund, Not. let, 1818, $ 132,906.88.
XXX. WISCONSIN.
Government for Uie Year 1851.
Term expires. Salary.
NblsonDbwbt, of Lancaster, Governor^ Dec. 31, 1851, |^ 1,250
William Bantow, of Waukesha, Secretary of SUUb^ ^ 1,000
Jairus C. Fairchild, of Madison, Treasurer^ '* 800
S.Park Coon, of Milwaukee, ^ftom^y-GeneroZ, *< 800
Eleazer Root, ofDartfbrd, SuperintenderU of Pub-
He Instruction^ ^ 1,000
Judiciary.
Circuit Courts,
Alexander H. Stow, ofTaycheedah, Chief Justice^ 1850, $1,500
Levi Hubbell, of Milwaukee, Associate Justice^ 1851, 1,500
Mortimer M. Jackson, of Mineral Point, ** 1852, 1,500
Edward V. Whiton, of Tanesville, <« 1853, 1,500
Charles H. Larrabee, ofOzankee, «« 1854, 1,500
Wiram Knowlton, of Prairie du Chien, «< 1856, 1,500
Daniel H. Chandler, of Milwaukee, Reporter,
Jerome R. Brigham, of Madison, CUrk,
The judges of the Circuit Courts are elected in circuits by the people,
for six years. Judge Stow belongs to the 4th circuit ; and Judges Jackson,
Hubbell, Whiton, Larrabee, and Knowlton, to the 5tb, 2d, 1st, 3d, and 6th,
respectively. The Circuit Courts bave appellate jurisdiction from justices
of the peace and inferior courts, and original, in all cases not excepted by
the constitution or the law. The judges also sit as a Supreme Court to
try cases upon appeal, without a jury. Four constitute a quorum, and a
majority of those present is necessary for a decision. The Supreme Court
has two sessions at Madison, on the second Tuesdays of June and Decem-
ber. In all the counties in the State, there are two terms of the Circuit
Court each year. The sixth circuit, consisting of the counties of Crawford,
Chippewa, St. Croix, and La Pointe, was established in 1850.
County Courts,
There is established in each of the counties in the State a County Court,
liaving jurisdiction concurrently with the Circuit Court in all civil actioiw
1861.] CALIFORNIA. 991
arising within the countj, and in all transitory actions where the amount
claimed does not exceed five hundred dollars (excepting actions of eject-
ment), and exclusive appellate jurisdiction in cases of appealer certiorari
from a justice of the peace, and with jurisdiction in civil cases, bj. consent
of jHETtissy unlimited as to amount The County Court has also probate
powers, the office of Judge of Probate being abolished. Terms of the
court are held once every three months. The judge of the County Court
is elected by the people. Term, fi>ur years.
An institution for tlie educati(m of the blind was organized in 1850, at Tanesyille. A tax
of one fifteenth of a mill on erery dollar of taxable property in the State is levied for its aid.
Internal Improvements. — The principal improvement of magnitude undertaken in this
State is that of the navigation of the Wisconsin and Fox Rivers, under a grant from Ck>n-
gross of about lialf a million acres of land. This worlc is under the immediate direction of
a Board of Public Works, consisting of five persons, the Governor of the State leaving the
general control and supervision of the whole work. The construction of tlie Canal, and the
improvement of ttie Fox River, to Lake Winnebago, was under contract to ha completed the
1st of June, 1850. When this is done, it will open steamboat navigation between Lake
Michigan, by the way of Green Bay, and tlie Mississippi River, nearly through the centre
of the State. There is also the Miiwaulcee and Mississippi Railroad, the first 20 miles of
which (to Waukesha) are nearly graded. Numerous plank-roads from the cities and towns
on the lain run into the interior.
Common Schools. — In a report dt tlie Oommittee on Education and School Lands, made
to the Legislature in January, 1850, the school fund, consisting of lands specifically devoted
to that object by the constitution, is estimated at 92,780,912. Besides this, all property
that may accrue to the State by forfeiture and escheats, proceeds of "fines for breaches of the
penal laws, and five per cent, of the net proceeds of the sales of the public lands, are made
part of the school fund. The constitution also requires, that each town shall annually raise
by taxation, for the support of schools, a sum not less than one half that it receives from the
school fund. For the year ending September 1, 1849, 1,430 out of 1,780 districts, and 456
parts of districts out of 557, In the State, made reports. In the districts reported, the schools
were taught on an average 3.93 months and received f 17,313.61 of public money. 32,174
children between the ages of 4 and 20 attended school. 263 children under 4 years of age,
and 219 over 20, attended scliool. Average monthly wages of male teachers, • 15.22 ; of
female, #6.92. #12,78^.37 were expended for teachers' wages, #725 for libraries, and
1 1,054.89 for other puipoaes. There are 26 school-houses of brick, 25 of stodB, 359 of logs,
and 294 framed, and all are valued at • 75,810.75. The highest valuation of any school-house
Is 1 5,000, and the lowest 75 cents. Tliere were 94 private or select schools with an average
of 24 pupils, and 2 incorporated academies, the number of pupils in which is not given.
XXXI. CALIFORNIA.
Abstract of the Constitution, Ratified by the People^ JWw. 13, 1849.
Evert white male citizen of the United States, and every citizen of
Mexico, electing to become a citizen of the United States, under the treaty
of Qaeretaro, 31 years of age, resident of the State six months, and of the
district where he claims his vote 30 days, preceding the election, may
vote. Indians and their descendants may be permitted to vote in special
cases by a two-thirds concurrent vote of tne Legislature.
Senators, not less in number than one third, nor more than one half^ the
members of the Assembly, shall be elected for two years, in districts.
im QALlfOUIU. U85t.
AAer tbe first eleotioBy tbej shall be so dsssified that one half mtLj be
elected anDualiv. Members of the Assembly are chosen annually in dis-
tricts. There shall not be less than 24y nor more than 36, .until the popu-
lation is 100,000, and afterwards there shall never be more than, 80, nor
less than 30. Senators and members of the Assembly must be qualified
electors in their districts, and be citizens and inhabitaols of the State one
year, and of their district six months next before their election. Sessions
of the Legislature shall be held on the first Monday in January annually,
and the election for the members thereof shall be on the Tuesday next
after the first Monday of November in each year. Membera, except fcnr
treason, felony, or breach of the peace, shall be exempt from arrest, and
shall not be subject to any civil process during the session, nor for fifleen
days before and afler the beginning and end thereof. No divorce shall be
granted by the Legislature, nor shall a lottery be authorized by the State.
A census shall be taken in 1852, in 1855, and every ten years thereafter.
Corporations may be formed under general laws, but shall not be created
by special act, and all general laws and special acts relating to corporations
may be altered or repealed. Dues fh)m corporations shall be secured by
individual liability and otherwise. No charter shall be granted for bank-
ing purposes, nor shall any paper of any kind circulate as monev. In
elections by the -Legislature, tne members shall vote mvd voce, and their
yotes shall be entered on the journal.
A Governor shall be elected for two years, and until his saccessor is
qualified. Except at the first election, he must be 25 years of age, a citi-
zen of the United States, and a resident of the State two years next before
the election. He may veto a bill, but two thirds of the Legislature noiay
pass it afterwards. The Lieutenant-Governor shall have the same term of
office and qualifications as the Governor, shall be President of the Senate,
and in case the office of Governor be vacant, he, and after him the Presi-
dent of the Senate, shall act as Governor. A Secretary of the Senate shall
be appointed by the Governor. A Comptroller, Treasurer, Attorney, and
Surveyor General, chosen at first by joint vote of the two houses of the
Legislature, shall afterwards be elected at the same time and place, and in
the same manner, as the Governor.
The Supreme Court, with appellate jurisdiction where the matter in dis-
pute exceeds $200, and where the legality of certain acts is questioned,
and in certain criminal cases, shall consist of a chief justice and two asso-
ciates, elected by the people for six years, and the judges shall be so classic
fied that one shall go out of office every two years. After the first election^
the senior justice in commission shall be the chief justice. District courts
shall have jurisdiction in law and equity, where the amount in dispute ex-
clusive of interest exceeds $200, and the judges shall, after the first elec-
tion, when they shall be chosen by the Legislature, be elected by the people
for six years. The Legislature shall provide for the election by the people
of clerks of courts, district attorneys, 'sheriffs, coroners, &c. One county
judge shall be elected in each county for four years, who shall hold the
county court, and act as judge of probate, and, with two justices of the
peace, shall hold courts of sessions for criminal business. No judicial
officer, except justices of the peace, shall receive to his use any fees or per-
quisites. Justices of the Supreme Court and district judges shall be in-
eligible to any other office during the term for which they are elected.
A Superintendent of Public Instruction shall be elected for three years.
A system of common schools, to be taught at least three months in each
year, shall be provided by the Legislature. The proceeds of public lands
S ranted to the State for scfiools, the 500,000 acres granted to new States un-
er the act of Congress of 1841, estates of persons dying without heirs, and
1851.J CALIFORMIA. 993
such per cent, at CongreM shall grant on the sale of lands in this State,
shall be a fund, the interest of which, and the rents of unsold lands, shall
be inviolably appropriated to the support of common schools. The pro-
ceeds and income of certain lands are set apart for the support of a
University.
Being knowincly concerned in any way in a duel forfeits the right to
vote, and to be elected to office. The credit of the State shall not be given
or loaned to any individual or corporation. The real and personal property
of the wife before marriage, and that acquired after by gift, devise, or de-
scent, shall be her separate property. The Legislature shall protect by
law from forced sale a certain portion of the homestead and other property
of all heads of families. A plurality of votes shall constitute a choice,
where not otherwise directed by the constitution.
No State debt or debts, amounting singly or in the aggregate with previ-
ous debts to $300,000, shall be contracted, except in case of war, unless
such debt be authorized for some single work by a law, which shall pro-
vide means exclusive of loans for the payment of the annual interest, and
of the principal in twenty years, whicn law shall be irrepealable until the
debt and interest are paid, and shall not take effect until it shall have re-
ceived a majority of all the votes cast at a general election by the people,
and have been published at least three months before such election in one
newspaper in each judicial district throughout the State.
Amendments to the constitution must be agreed to by a majority of the
members elected to each of the two houses ; be entered on the journals
with the yeas and nays; be referred to the Legislature then next to be
chosen, and be published three months previous to such election ; be passed
by a majority or all the members elected to this Legislature, be then sub-
mitted to the people, and, if approved by a majority of the qualified voters,
they shall become a part of the constitution. Or if two thirds of both
houses shall think a change necessary, they shall recommend to the people
to vote for or against a convention, and if a majority so vote, the Legis-
lature at its next session shall call a convention, to be held within six
months, which convention shall consist of a number of members not less
than that of both branches of the Legislature.
The boundary of the State shall be as follows : — Commencing at the
point of intersection of the 42d degree of north latitude with the 120th
degree of longitude west from Greenwich, and running south on the line of
Skid 120th degree of west longitude until it intersects the 39th degree of
north latitude ; thence running in a straiffht line, in a southeasterly direc-
tion, to the River Colorado, at a point where it intersects the 35th degree
.of north latitude; thence down the middle of the channel of said river, to
the boundary line between the United States and Mexico, as established by
the treaty of May 30th, 1848 ; thence running west, and along said boun-
dary line, to the Pacific Ocean, and extending therein three English miles ;
thence running in a northwesterly direction, and following the direction of
the Pacific coast to the 42d deme of north latitude ; thence on the line of
said 42d degree of north latitude to the place of beginning ; including also
all the islands, harbours, and bays along and adjacent to the Pacific coast.
Government for the Year 1851. «
Salary.
Peter H. Bdrhett, of San Jos^, Governor (term expires
Dec. 31, 1851), $10,000
C. P. Ryland, « Gov.'s Priv. Secretary, 2,000
John McDougall, of Sacramento City, Lieutenant- Governor^ $3 per day.
25*
9H
OALUWBMIA.
M
Wm. Van Voorhies, of San Jofl6,
John S. Houston,
Richard Roman,
£. J. C. Kewen,
Chaa. J. Whiting,
J. Winchester,
Comptroller,
TreamreTy
of Saoramento City, Attamnf-GentrtU,
of San Jos6, Surveyor- Generaij
of San Francisco, State Printer,
Joseph S. A. Scult, of San Jos^, " TransUupTf
P. D. Kohler, of Saoramento City, *' Jiuayer^
O. P. Sutton, « *' "
P. P. Lee, of Monterey, Adjutant- General j
Joseph C.Morehead, of San Job6, Quartermaster- Qefteral,
Supreme Court.
S. C. Hastings,
H. A. Lyons,
Nath. Bennett,
E. H. Tharp,
Henry Norton,
of San Francisco,
u
It
u
<c
u
H
cc
a
Chief Justice f
Associate^
4t
Clerk,
Reporter,
[18SL
$7,000
8,000
9,000
7,500
7,500
Fees.
8,000
Per cent.
«(
2,000
1,000
$ 10,000
10,000
10,000
Fees,
tc
Judge.
O. & Wilherby^,
Henry A. TefR,
Residence.
San Diego,
San Luis Obispo, 7,500
Jolin H. Watson, San Jos^, 7,600
Levi Parsons, San Francisco, 7,500
diaries M. Creaner, Stockton, 7,500
Jas. P. Tliomas, Sacramento City, 7,500
Sonoma, 7,500
Marysville, 7,500
Mountains, 7,500
District Courts,
Salary. District Attorney.
#7,600 W. C. Ferrill,
Residence.
San Diego,
Robert Hopki^^^,
Wm. R. Turner,^
W. S. Sherwood,'
Salary.
• 2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
Wallace, Sacramento City, 2,000
2,000
Watkins, Marysville, 2,000
Fred. H. Sanford, San Jos^,
Calhoun Benham, San Francisco,
P. A. Blorse,
H. C. Murray,
Dir. Officera.
L Tlios. J. Green,
Jas. W. McCorkie, Yateston City, 2,000
Superior Court of San Francisco,
Chief Justice. I J. C. Smitli, Aseistant Justice.
Assistant do. | Edward Jones, Cierk,
State Militia.
Residence.
Oro,
Div. Officers. Residence.
3. Jno. £. Addison, SanFraQci8co,£ri^..Ge».
" D. P. Baldwin, Stockton, "
4. Josh. H. Bean, San Diego, Mdj.-Gen.
" Thos. H. Bowen, " Brig.-Gen.
*' J. M. Covamibias, San Bartnra, <*
P. Per Lee, Monterey, Adj't-Cfen.
(t
tt
J. C. Moreliead, San Jofl6, Cluartenn.'Gen.
Maj.'Gen.
" Thop. B. Eastman, " Brig.-Gen.
" A. M. Winn, Sacram. City, "
2. J. E. Bracketh, Sonoma, MaJ.-Geti.
" Robert Semple, Benicia, Brig.-Gen.
t* .._ McDonald, Sonoma, "
3. DaTidP.Dougla88,Stocktoa, MtJ.-Gen.
Chief Sources of State Revenue, (Estimated.)
L StatA tax of I per cent, on $200,000,000 wortli of real and personal
property, $1,000,000.00
n. Poll tax ofiS each on 60,000 inhabitants, .... 250,000.00
III. Miners' tax of $ 20 per month on 25,000 foreign miners, which may net 250,000.00
IV. Duties on auction sales, 25,000.00
$1,526,000.00
JBSl.]
CALTFORNU.
985
WholB value of taxable propertf, .•200,000,000.00
Whole amount ofabsolute State debt, 390,000.00
Monthly interest on State debt, 8,000.00
Ordinary annual expenditure, indusiye of State debt, 600,000.00
RtcapUutaHon.
Wliole amount of reyeone from all sodrces.
. •1,626,000.00
Whole amount of annual expenses (^ State goyemment, including Interest on
State debt, . 700,000.00
Balance remaining in the Treasury after deducting entire expenses of State ^
goyemment, •825,000.00
Post-Offices and Postmasters in California,
Special Post-Office Agent for California, R. T. P. Allen.
Places.
Benicia,
CoUoma,
Los Angelofl,
Monterey,
Sacramento,
Sails Creek,
San Diego,
San Francisco,
Names.
C. H. Hay den,
J. J. Little,
T. W. Hope,
Andrew Randall,
S. B. Freeland,
J. D. Powers,
R. Rust,
Jacob B. Moore,
Places.
San Jos^,
Santa Barbara,
Santa Clara,
Santa Cruz,
Sonoma,
Stockton,
Yernony
Names.
J. D. Hoppe,
S. Barney,
Hector Cooper,
Alex. McLean,
L. W. Boggs,
G. R. Buffmuni,
G. A. Grunt.
The first mails despatched to California left New York the 2d of October, 1848, and were
sent by way of Cape Horn. The subsequent mails have been sent by the Isthmus of
Panama. The first mail was contained in a single bag. The one on the 23d of June, 1850,
filled 160 bags.
The cost of the mail service to and in Califemia is as follows : >-
Contract Laws Line, New York to Chagres, per annum, •290,000
AspinwalPs, Panama to San Francisco, . 190,000
Man agents, and freight of mails over the Isthmus, 20,000
• 500,000
These contracts were authorixed by Congress, and made for ten years, for semi-monthly
service on the east, and monthly on the west.
The contracts made for interior service in California by the special agent are as follows :
San Francisco to Monterey, . . • 9,000
Benicia to Sonoma,
San Jos6 to Santa Cruz,
1,800
3,000
San Francisco to Sacramento, . . • 14,000
« " to Stockton, . . 22,040
Sacramento to Marysville, . . 12,000
" toColloma, . . 6,000J •66,340
Charges of postage between any points in California and Oregon, 12| cents, and to any
other place in the United States, 40 cents.
PapuhUion,
From the best data, the emigration since January 1st, 1849, up to July 1st, 1860,
by sailing vessels and steamers, is about • •
Americans over land iirom last year's emigration,
Up to date over land of this year's emigration,
From Oregon, . ;
Of this numt)er there have returned at least
Total nowjn the State, . . . .
40,000
16,000
9,000
3,000
67,000
7,000
"co^
IHITOftT. [1^1'
Tkiuwutt>fCink(DUTlnbb7iMdpUidU*, (Inat ..... 11,000
" " " br Uod, 18,000
30,000
Tbi auabu nUuHd, (tout 8,000
Toul nav in llu Euu, 38,000
TlwrwtHilnlnfpapaliUoiiapto ihl> dila, Anntlcaiia uul (br^ioan, U, —
NuIth and mtdDnu babn Jmbuj In, IMS, lG,aoo
Aamiiant, up lo dua «t>,tXtO
PDnlfHn, np W fcu^ 89,000
100,000
MtttarelogicamaU fir MmUtref, Caiyontia. lM.3G'38'Jf. Latg-lZl"
W. M.^ Bar. mbane lit lad of Ae Pacific, UO/atl. ByJ-RmndaU.
Sight auiliqiulu uBl A. H. on tlw lOth of July. Al 9 P. H. on lbs IStta orAogiHt,
TOT quick auhH of llghtoinf. togg! ettTj ennlni Ihrough ths moath of SefMiiitiec.
LIfiil nin on Uh 71h uid 30Ui of Octabar. Fmt on Iha Mtli of NoTsmtw ; nlaed 10 dija
duilnc tha iDonlh. Bainad 11 dafi In Dacani1nr,uid •iDlgnliLarmmi Iha I7tb; baaTjfhM
onlha4thaiid29IlL Ralnad lOdi^aduriog Jaoiury: ballauirm on tha 33iL lltbaf Feb-
niarr,u3P.H.,lhamio[DatarIsa3iathaRin; Gniojibyi: bailaanniaD tbaaial, 2Sih,
aClh, and 371b. 9 dafi' nln In Haich. 2 da/i' rain la ApriL The pneral BowariDg-IiiHB
□f rhik-tnaa along Iha a>an~ia Ihe middit of MdTch, jtraeAa geoerallj taking tha laad,
Int tba iDlaml bMWHO Ihom and Ihs paai and appta baing leaa Diaikod tluui In Iba Stilas.
XXXII. OREGON TESRITORY.
QoBemmmt for the Year 1851.
Term aiplna. Salaij.
F. GaihiI, oTOregon City, Gontmor and Suptrinttud-
tat of Indian Jlgairt, 1853, $ 3,000
Secretary, 1853, 1,500
ofOregoD City, CkUf Justice, S.DOO
<* Aatotiale JattUe, 2,000
■* iSttirmts, Feci Bad 900
'< Martkall, FeM.
» CaUectoT, Feei.
Knioung Pritehelt,
William P. Brjont,
O. C. Prait,
Aiaor} Holbrook,
Juse[ih L. Meek,
D. B. St. John,
18510
UTAH TSftRlTQar.
207
XXXIII. MINESOTA TERRITORY.
This Territory was organized by act of Congress of March 3, 1849, a
full abstract of which act, containing boundariesi constitution, &c., is found
in the Almanac for 1850, p. 145.
Government far the Year 1851.
Term ends. Salary.
Alexander Ramsey, of St. Paul, Governor and SupU of
Indian J^fairs, 1853, $ 2,500
C. K. Smith, Seerttary^ 1,800
David Olmsted, of Long Prairie, FresidetU cf CovneU,
Joseph W. Furber, of Cottage Grove, Speaker of the House,
Joseph R. Brown, Clerk of the Senate,
William D. Phillips, Clerk of the House.
JUDICIART.
of St. Paul, Chiff Justice^
it
Associate Jusiiee^
1853,
t(
(t
u
Aaron Goodrich,
David Cooper,
Benj. B. Meeker,
Henry L. Moss, of Stillwater, Attorney,
Alexander M. Mitchell, of St. Paul, Marshal^ "
The Territory of Minesota embraces an area of 150,000 square
and ^by the census taken in June, 1849, there were about 4,500 free
male inhabitants in the Territory.
2,000
2,000
2,000
Fees.
Fees,
miles,
white
XXXIV. UTAH TERRITORY.
For the act establishing a territorial government in Utah, see post^
Abstracts of PvhUe Laws, No. 23.
Brig HAH Youno,
Brooghton D. Harris,
Government for the Year 1851.
Term ends. Salary.
Governor and Sup*t of
Indian Affairs, 1854, $2,500
Secretary, «* 1,800
Judiciary.
Joseph Buffington,
Chief Justice,
1854.
Perry E. Brocchus,
Associate Justice,
«
Zerubbabel Snow,
C(
c<
Seth Blair,
Attorney,
ii
Fees
Joseph L. Haywood,
Marshal,
(i
it
DlilTEICT or COJ«UMBIA* — AlUBICAff STATES*
[I85L
XXXV. NEW MEXICO TERRITORY.
For the act establishing the territorial government of New Mexico, see
post. Abstracts of Public Laws, No. 25. By this act it will be seen that the
territorial officers are not to be appointed until tlie law establishing the ter-
ritorial gOTemment takes effect
XXXVI. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
Tbx District of Columbia is under the immediate go?emment of Con-
gress. The city of Washington became the seat of the gofemment of the
United States in 1800, and it is the residence of the President, and the other
chief executive officers of the national government. By an act of Con-
gress, in 1846, which was subsequently accepted by the people of Alexan-
dria, the city and county of Alexandria were retroceded to the State of Vir-
ginia, andt he District is now confined to the Maryland side of the Potomac.
Judiciary.
CircuU Court of tke District.
William Cranch,
James T. Morsel,
James Dunlop,
Philip R. Fendall,
Richard Wallach,
John A. Smith,
Thomas H. Crawford,
John A. Smith,
W. F. Parcell,
Edward N. Roach,
of Washington,
of Georgetown,
u
Chief Judge,
Associate Judge,
t€
of Washington,
cc
AUomey,
Marshal,
« Clerk,
Criminal Cowrtfor the District,
Judge,
Clerk,
Orphans* Court,
of Washington Co., Judge,
" Register,
Salarj.
$2,700
2,500
2,500
Fees and 200
Fees.
Fees.
$2,000
Fees.
$1,000
Fees.
AMERICAN STATES.
1. Governments of South America,
OoTemmenta.
Area in
Hnuare
Miles.
Popula-
tion.
Capitals.
GovamqiB, &C.
When
inaug-
urated.
Venezuela, RqnUtUeof,
New Granada, do.
Ecuadof, do.
Bolivia, do.
Pern, do,
Cliili, do,
Argentine Repablie,
Uruguay, Rqmblie of^
Parafuay, do.
Brazil, Empire o/,
Ouiana (BriftM),
Guiana iDuteh),
Guiana (FrencA),
Patagonia,
1,450,000
380,000
325,000
318,000
604,000
144,000
726,000
120,000
74,000
2,300^000
76,000
38,500
21,648
80,000
1,000,000
1,687,000
600,000
1,700,000
1,373,000
1,200,000
676,000
140,000
250,000
7,500,000
96,500
6,500
18,000
80,000
Caraceas,
StaFAdeBog.
Quito,
Chaquisaca,
Lima,
Santiago,
BuenosAyns,
Montevideo,
Acen^ion,
RiodeJaneiiu
Georgetown,
Paramaritx)^
Cayenne,
Joe^TuleoMonagaSjPr
JosA Hilaro Lopez, do.
Gen. Aecasubi, do.
Gen. Belzer, do.
Ramon Castilla, do.
Manuel Bulnea, do.
Jyan M. de Bmu,Oo9.
Joaquin Suaiez,
Lopez, JHctator.
Pedro It., Emperor,
Barlday, Gov.
, Gov.-Oen.
M. de Meetro, Oov.
(Notice Chi^a.)
1847
1849
1849
1849
1845
1841
1889
1843
1841
1831
1844
1849
Toul,
6^677,148
16,326,000
Grand Total of America,
14,817,631
59^995,816
AJCEKiCltl flTATIS.-
Daoiab Araertca{GnAnluid,ftc^
Franeh FcigKH'DB(Sl.Pi«n,^.
Rusghui Amarko,
I Suua of Amsrlea
United Suui ofMuIco,
LordBgi.., __.
BfBrUiAN.
, SirE.W.H™l3t.,i(iJ.
Sir John Hirrcv,
, SLrD. C»mp68li,
SIrJ.Q.LdHaRba
BaliaJBriUJih).
fr«(< ladian Ocetmmaii*.
Saiare ^°g|i''" Capllal". Gwaraoti, *t
?SKiDiniliigo, i
R. GtiilMophgi'iA^Tg.Ik,
a Iiland,
iidu blanda,
Sanu Crui, Ac, — Duilah,
TOn.OOO Cape Han'Di Fuutln I, JAiwerDf
I "nn™!!"--— -T,!Biieiia™nliir»BM»,. ..
,-,-- , , , Ooodad'Aicor.QW/Jn.
369^66 Sm J™, tf. Penir'- -^
'"' "» SpanWiTiwo SitCbM
■Wm.CalahcooM'D..
- Duline. LI. Qev.
— MackiDUMb^.
14,000 HuDltun, E
l3S,(<n Basaelam,
HB.TOOPortKoM Bt
POPULATION OF THE GLOBE.
Afrlu,TiiriindTBn!iiwt«dfmm 60,000,000 to 101,000,000
AiMrtcanSuuii(uabon) S3,9B6filt
Aato,lncliidlagIriaDd>, 4a»,eCCI,0aO
Aiutnlla and Aulrallan group of Islands, 1,309,000
Europe (ai on p, 301), 3Clt,eaa,W»
PolrnMla(amenaM)iiiaM,ailban>»fewori»daM>, 1,600,000
Toul popolatlon of lb* Oloba 840,063,798
EUKOPE.
REIGNING SOVEEEICNS OF EUROPE.
Tius. I auu.
I J^^ IJt B«^<w- I
• TtB King of Bols'um la i Pralalant, thmigli hii aub
of Suon^ ii ■ Cathelie, Ihougb the grenter put of hli lu
0fOiwuiiBCWA<ia«, though moat of hlinibjMlj in D
liB51.]
STATES OF EUROPE.
301
STATES OF EUROPE.
With the Form of Government, and Square Miles, according to McCvUoch's
Geographical Dictionary, with Corrections; and the Population {chiefly) from the
Mmanachde Gothafor 1849.
States and Titles.
Form of Goyernment.
Square
Miles.
Popu-
lation.
Date of
Enum'n.
Andorra, Pyranaes, Repub.
*Anbalt-Beraberf , Duchy,
4'Anhalt-Gkhen,
^Anhalt-Dessau,
With two syndics and a council,
States haTing limited powers,
(I
tt
Constitutional monarchy,
Limited sovereignty ; two chambers,
Limited monarchy;
((
Republic ; senate and convention,
Limited sovereignty ; one chamber,
Unsettled,
Absolute monarchy; with prov. states,
Republic ; with one chamber,
Republic; senate and legislative body,
Limited monarchy ; lords and commons.
Limited monarchy,
Republic ; senate and common council,
Limited monarchy ; two chambers,
Limited sovereignty ; one chamber.
Limited sovereignty ; two chambers,
Absolute sovereignty,
Limited; one chamber,
190
336
310
337
6,712
28,436
12,669
67
1,626
17,048
69,762
(I
((
Limited monarchy ; two chambers,
Under Brit, protec; council andchamb..
Limited monarchy ; with one chamber.
It
t(
Republic ; senate and common council,
Limited monarchy ; with one chamber,
t(
«
'('Austria, Dnynrty
^Baden, Grand Duchy,
't'Bavaria, Kingdom,
Belgium, ' '
'''Bremen, Fret City,
X'Brunswick, Duchy,
Church, States of,Pope(fom,
Denmark, with Schleswig- )
H<dstein, Kingdom, \
France,
^'Frankfort, Free City,
Great Britain, Kingdom,
Greece, "
^'Hamburg, Free City,
^^Hanover, Kingdom,
*Hesse-Cassel, Electorate.
^^Hesse-Darmstadt; G. Duck. ,
♦Hesse-Homb'g, Landg'v'te,
I'Hobenzol.-Hechingen, Pr.
*Hohenzol.-Sismaringen, "
Holland, with Luxemburg,
Ionian Islands, Bepublie,
^Liechtenstein, Principal.,
*Lippe-Deimold, "
^Lippe-Schaumburg, "
*Lubec, Free City,
4'MeckIen..Schwerin,(?. Du.
^^Mecklenburff-Strelitz, "
Modena and Massa, Duchy,
Monaco, Principality,
^Nassau, Duchy,
*01denburg. Grand Duchy,
Parma, Duchy,
Portugal, Kingdom, .
♦Prussia, "
♦Renss, Prindpalitiee of
fRussia (in Europe), JSfnjnre,
San Marino, Rantblic,
Sardinia, Kingdom,
♦Saxonv, "
♦Saxe-Altenburg, Duchy,
♦Saxe-Coburg & Gotha, "
*Saxe-Mein.-Hildburg., "
*Saxe-Weim. -Eisenach, "
♦Schwarzburg-Rudolst., Pr.
♦Schwarzburg-Sondersh., "
SiciIies,TheTwo, Atfurdom, [Limited monarchy ; with two chainb.,
Spain, " Limited monarchy ; with a legislature,
Norway' ( " Lim. monarchy; withadietfc storthing,
Switzerland, Republie, Confederation of republics ; a diet,
JTurkey, Empire. Absolute monarchy,
f Tuscany, Grand Duchy, Limited monarchy ; two chambers,
♦Waldeck, Principality, Limited aovereienty ; one chamber,
♦Wurtemberg, Kingdom, Limited monarcny; t^o chambers,
Total, 13,708,871
7,000
48,844
43,120
63,082
266,22636,879,162
1,349,930
4,604,874
4,335,319
72,908
269,301
2,908,116
2,239,077
202,12636,401,761
91 68,240
116,700|27,019,656
Revolutionary,
Absolute monarchy.
Limited sovereignty ; two chambers,
Unsettled,
(t
LIm. monarchy ; one chamber of rep..
Limited monarchy,
Limited sovereignty ; one chamber,
Absolute monarchy,
Senate and council of ancients.
Constitutional monarchy.
Limited monarchy ; two chambers.
Limited monarchy ; one chamber,
10,206
149
14,600
4,386
3,198
164
136
383
13,890
998
62
432
205
142
4,701
1,094
2,073
60
1,736
2,470
2,184
34,600
106,302
688
u
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
It
tt
tt
tt
637,700
188,054
1,773,711
754,590
852,679
24,433
20,143
45,431
3,236,741
219,797
6,351
106,236
31,870
47,197
624,042
94,406
616,343
7,000
424,817
278,909
496,803
3,412,500
16,330,186
112,175
2,041,80960,303,266
21
28,830
6,705
491
790
880
1,403
331
3281
41,521
176,480 12,386,841
S 170,716
17,208
183,140
8,712
466
7,668
7,600
4,650,368
1,836,433
129,689
147,195
160,515
257,673
68,711
68,682
8,423,316
3,138,884
> 121,786 1,167,766
'""^ 2,365,286
9,645,000
1,786,876
68,753
1,743,827
1846
1846
1842
1846
1846
1846
1842
1846
1846
1845
1846
1846
1841
1846
1846
1846
1846
1845
1848
1844
1842
1846
1846
1845
1847
1846
1846
1846
1846
1841
1860
1846
18M
1839
1846
1846
1846
1846
1846
1846
1846
1846
1833
1840
1846
1860
1844
1843
* Member of the Confederation of Germany. f Including PoUnd and Finland.
1 Including Wallachia, Moldavia, and Servia.
i With Lucca. Garfagnana, Massa, and Lunlgiaaa. The cessions made by Tuscany in fiivor of
Parma and Moaena, viz. Pontramoll and the Tuscan territory in Lunigiana, with the ezcepUoa of
Borea, Pleira Santa, and Seraveaa, have not been completed.
36
dl02 ORCAT BRlTAIir. [1851.
GREAT BRITAIN.
The Rotal Family.
The Queen, Alexandrina Victoria, born May 24, 1819; succeeded bar
uncle, William IV., June 20,1837; married, Feb. 10, 1840, to Prince Fran-
cis Albert Augustas Cbarles Emanuel of Saie Coburg and Gotha, bom
Aug. 26, 1819.
Pnneess Royal. Victoria Adelaide Marj Louisa, born Nov. 21 , 1840.
Prirue of WaUt, Albert Edward, bom Not. 9, 1841.
Princess Royal, Alice Maud Mary, born April 25, 1843.
ji Royal Prince. Alfred Ernest Albert, born August 6, 1844.
j9 Rffyal Princess. Helena Augusta Victoria, born May 25, 1846.
Jt Royal Princess, Louisa Caroline Alberta, born March 18, 1848.
A Royal Prince. Arthur Patrick Albert, bom May 1, 1850.
Her Majesty's MoUter. Victoria Maria Louisa, Princess Dowager of
Leiningen, Duchess of Kent, bora August 17, 1786.
Royal Princes and Princesses.
Ernest Augustus (King of Hanover), Duke of Cumberland, born June 5,
1771 ; married. May 29, 1815, to Frederica Carolina Sophia Alexandrina,
daughter of the Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, and widow of Frederick
William, Prince of Solms-Braunfels, born March 2, 1778. Issue^ George
Frederic, born May 27, 1819.
Mary, Duchess of Gloucester, born April 25, 1776, married, July 22, 1816,
her cousin, Prince William Frederic, second Duke of Gloucester (who
died Nov. 30, 1834).
MiifiSTRT. — Formed July^ 1846.
alary.
Lord John Russell, First Lord of the Treasury^ £ 6,000
Baron Truro, Lord High Chancellor^ 14,000
Marquis of Lansdowne, Lord President of the Council^ 2,000
Earl of Minto, I^trd Privy Seal^ 2,000
Rt. Hon. Sir George Grey, Bart., Secretary of State^ — Home Dep.^ 5,000
Viscount Palmerston, Secretary of State, — Foreign Dep., 5,000
Earl Grey, Secretary of State, — Colonial Dep.^ 5,000
Rt. Hon. Sir Chas.Wood, Bart.,Chancellor of the Exchequer, 5,000
Rt. Hon. Sir F. T. Baring, Bart.^ First Lord of the Admiralty^ 4,500
Sir John C. Hobhouse, Bart., President of the Board of Control, 3,500
Earl of Carlisle, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 4,000
Lord Seymour, Woods and Forests, 2,000
Marquis of Clanricarde, Postmaster' General., 2,500
Rt. Hon. Henry Labouchere, President of the Board of Trade,
*^j* The above form the Cabinet.
Duke of Wellington, Commander of the Forces, 3,460
Sir Wm. M« SomerviUe, BaTt.^ Chief Secretary for Ireland^ 5,^00
1851.] fiasAT BRITAIN. ' 303
Salary.
Earl of Fortescae, Lord Steward of the Householdy £ 2,000
Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal and Master of the Horsey 2,500
Sir John Romilly, Attorney- General, 5,500
Alexander E. Cockburn, Solicitor' General, 1,500
Earl of Dalhousie, Governor- General of India,
Earl of Clarendon, Lord- Lieutenant of Ireland^ 20,000
Rt. Hen» Fox Maule, Secretary at War, 2,580
Earl Granville, Paymaster- General and V. Pres. of the Board of Trade.
Judiciary.*
England,
High Court of Chancery,— "Rsson Traro (b. 1782, ap, ia50). Lord High
Chancellor, salary, £ 14,000; Lord Langdaie (b. 1783, ap. 1836), Master of
the Rolls, £7,000; , Vice-chancellor of England; Sir J. L.
Knight Bruce (ap. 1841), and Sir James Wigram (b. 1793, ap. 1841), Vice-
Chancellors, £6,000 each.
Court cf Quel's Bench.— Lord Campbell (b. 1779, ap. 1850), Lord Chief
Justice, £8,000 ; Sir J. Patteson (b. 1790, ap. 1830), Sir J. T. Coleridge (b.
1790, ap. 1835), Sir Wm. Wightman (ap. 1841), and Sir William Erie (b.
1793, ap. 1845), Judges, £5,500 each.
Court of Common Pleas. — Sir John Jervis (ap. 1850), Lord Chief Jus-
tice, £8,000 ; Sir W. H. Maule (ap. 1840), Sir C. Creswell (ap. 1842), Sir
Edw. Vaughan Williams (ap. 1847), and Thomas Noon Talfourd (b. 1795,
ap. 1849), Judges, £5,500 each.
Court of Exchequer. — Sir Frederic Pollock (b. 1783, ap. 1844), Lord
Chief Baron, £7,000; Sir James Parke (b. 1782, ap. 1834), Sir £. H. Al-
derson (b. 1787, ap. 1834), Sir R. M. Rolfe (b. 1790, ap. 1839), Sir Thomas
Joshua Piatt (ap. ), Barons, £5,500 each.
S(^tland.
Court of Sessions : Inner House. — 1*^ Division, * David Boyle (b. 1772>
ap. 1841), Lord President, £4,300. •J. H. Mackenzie (b. 1777, ap. 1822),
Lord Mackenzie; J. Fullerton (ap. 1829), Lord FuUerton; Thomas Mait-
land (ap. 1850), Judges, £2,000 each.
2d Division. — * John Hope (b. 1794, ap. 1844), Lord President, £ 4,000-
• J. H. Forbes (b. 1776, ap. 1825), Lord Medwyn ; * Sir J. W. Moncrieff
(b. 1776, ap. 1829), Lord Moncrieff; "H. T. Cockburn (ap. 1834), Lord
Cockburn, Judges, £2,000 each. Those of the judges who are also judges
of the Criminal Court have an additional £ 600 a year.
Outer House : Permanent Lords Ordinary, attached equally to both Divis-
ions of the Court. — • J. Cunninghame (b. 1782, ap. 1837), Lord Cunning-
* The new Judiciary Bill proposes to separate the political and judicial duties of the Chan*
cellor ; tliat one person shall be Lord Keeper, and preside in the House of Lords, with a sal-
ary of £ 8,000 ; and that another shall preside over the Court of Chancery, with a salary of
£ 6,000. Information that the change had taken efl^t had not reached America when this
sheet wont to press.
S04
«ISAT BBITAim
[1651.
hame ; Sir J. A. Murray (b. 1779, ap. 1839), Lard Murray ; Jamea Ivory
(b. 1792, ap. 1840), Lord Ivory ; * Alexander Wood (ap. 1842), Lord Wood ;
Patrick Robertson (b. 1794, ap. 1843), Lord Robertson. Andrew Ruther-
ford, Lord Advocmte, , SolicUor- General,
The judges marked thus (*) are Lords of the Justiciary, or chief criminal
court. *
Court qf Justiciary. — Lord Justice General^ David Boyle ; Lord Justice
Clerk^ John Hope ; Commissumers^ the remaining Lords of Session marked
n in the list.
Ireland.
Court of Chancery. — Rt. Hon. Maziere Brady (b. 1796, ap. 1846), Lord
Chancellor, £8,000; Rt. Hon. T. B. C. Smith (ap. 1846), Master of the
RoUe, £4,500.
Court oj (Queen's Bench. — Rt. Hon. F. Blackbume (b. 1782, ap. 1845),
Lord Chief Justice, £5,076; Hon. Philip C. Crampton, Rt. Hon. Louis
Perrin (ap. 1836), Rt. Hon. Richard Moore (ap. 1847), Judges, iS 3,692
each.
Court of Common Pleas.
-, Lord Chief Justice, £4,615 ;
Hon. Robert Torrens, Rt. Hon. Nicholas Ball (b. 1791, ap. 1839), and
Hon. J. D. Jackson (b. 1783, ap. 1842), Judges, £3,692 each, ^attorney-
General, Rt. Hon. J. H. Monahan ; Solicitor' General, John Hatchell, Esq.
Court of Exchequer. — Rt. Hon. David R. Pigott (ap. 1846), Lord Chief
Baron; Hon. Richard Pennefather, Rt. Hon. John Richards (b. 1790, ap.
1837), Rt. Hon. Thomas Lefroy (b. 1776, ap. 1841), Barons.
English Colonial Bishops.
i
1839
1842
1825
1832
1836
1836
1836
1837
1839
1844
1846
Bishops.
A.G Spencer, D.D.
Thoa. Parry, D. D.
Joha Ins lis, D. D.
DanM Wilaon,D.D.
G.J Mountain, D.D
Francis Fuiford,
Thos. Carr, D. D.
W. Q. Broughton,
D. D.
G.T. Spencer, D.D
J. StfBchan. D. D.
Edward Feiid,D.D
John Medley, D.D.
1841 G. A. Selwyn,D.D.
Dioceses.
Jamaica,
BartNidoes.
Nora: Scotia,
Calcutt^
Montreal,
Quebec.
Bombay,
\ gydney,
( Metrop.,
Madras,
Toronto,
Newfoundl.
Fredericum,
N.B.
N'ew Zealand
Allow'
auce.
£4,0
2,4ro
5,000
1,900
I
2,500
2,000
2,600
1,083
1,200
1842
1842
1845
1842
1842
1847
1847
1847
1847
1849
1849
Bishops.
W. P. Austin, D.D.
G. TomIinson,D.D.
J. Chapman, D. D.
F. R. Nixon, D. D
D. G. Davis, D. D.
Wm.TyrrBU,D. D.
Chas. Perry, D. D
A. Short, D. D.
R. Gray. D. D.
G. Smith, D. D.
D. Anderson, D. D.
Dioceses.
Brit.Gui$ma
Malta d^Oilh
raltar.
Columbo,
Ceylon.
Tasmania,
Antigua,
Newcastle.
Melbourne,
Adelaide,
Ga^Town,
Victoria,
Hong Kong.
Rgpert's
Land.
Allow-
ance.
£2,000
1,091
2,000
1,000
800
800
r Ebalmp.
Bom.
Cou
rniu
AKhUihdpa.
Koamm.
u,i.
ireo
1^
"ii48
John Bird Sumner, PriiROlt,
Kr-"
£17,000
1788
1837
1847
Thomu Muagrsve,
ChM. June. Blomfield, D. D.
10,000
1786
1824
1828
London,
11,700
1770
1831
1836
Edward MultltT, D. D.
Durham,
8000
1790
1826
1827
Chas. Richard Sumoer, D. D.
10,500
1783
1820
1827
John Kaye, D. D.
Hugb Percy, D. D.
Lincoln. '
AfiSo
1824
1830
Baneor,
Carlisle,
4000
1784
1B27
1827
3^000
1784
1814
1827
George Murray, D. D.
Hochesler,
4,500
1782
1829
1845
Richard Bagal, D. D.
Bath lit Weill,
slow
I7»3
1830
Jamea Henry Honk, D. D.
Glo 'iter &, Bristol,
3,700
1777
183U
Henry Phillpolto, D. D,
Eieter,
2,700
17»4
1836
Chae. ThomBs Longley, D. D
Edward DeniKin, if. D.
Ripon,
Safiibury,
4,500
1801
183T
5,000
1780
1839
4,500
1797
1840
Connop Thirlwall, D. D.
81. David's,
3,500
1783
1840
Henry Pepy9,D.D.
Aahurst Turner Gilbert, D. D.
Worcesler?
5,000
1B4S
1B41
Chichester,
4,200
1643
JobnLonKdale, D.D.
Lichfield,
4^
1845
Thomas Turloa, D. D.
Ely,
5,500
1805
1845
Samuel Witherfarce, D. D.
Oitbrd,
5,000
1790
1841
184G
Thomas Vonler Short, D. D.
St. Asaph,
5:300
1794
1848
John Graham, D. D.
Chester:
3,250
1848
Jamea Prince Lee, D. D.
Hereford,
4,200
1647
Manchester,
4,500
Samuel Hinds, D.D.
Norwich,
4,465
Jfvl Fetrt.
1799
1847
i Robert John Eden, (BarOD 3
i Auckland,)! D. D. i
Sodor and Man,
2,000
1849
Alfred 01livuil,D.D.
LlaodfliT,
4,000
pa of LondonT Ehjrhun, m
n u Iha ArchbiBbopg ; ttas n
. Tha rul lake prAcedcnu
iC all other Idsb blshou, aod
Idsb blshoH, ai
irdinf lo prlorltj
fill hop Df Cullsis £\,ia9
Walu 1 1 .3SS bsiisBcin, an
t rho Biihop of Sudor a
inp of Umtdiir rixeiva £3.X5 atsbeaa at ^. Paul'i ; llie
. PreOandory of St Fsui's, fcc. Than U1^ Id Eagland siid
an, alnca Jso. 1, 1819, sks in the Hoiws of Locdi u Bu«i
are to ba abollsLed wh*o tbej bacome vacdat-
306 AirBRici.N OBiTiJAftlr. [185L
FRANCE.
MlirilTRT.
M. Ronher, /»ft*M.
General de la Hitte, Foreign Affairs.
M. Baroche, hUerior.
M. AchiUe Fould, Finances,
M. Bineau, Fubiie Works,
M. Duma*, Commerce,
General d*Hautpou1, War.
Rear-Admiral Romain Desfoises, Marine,
M. Farieu, Public Instruction,
AMERICAN OBITUARY.
1849.
Oct 25. — In Gxeter, N. H., Bei^anun Abbot, LL. D., aged 87, from 1788 to
1838 Principal of Phillips £xeter Academy.
For half a century, Dr. Abbot stood at the head of his profession in New Eng-
land. The government of his school was easy and firm, and resalted from a na-
tive authority, an equal and happy temper, perfect dignity of manners, and a
ready perception of cnaracter, which secured obedience ana affection. Manj of
our eminent men were his pupils, and on his retirement in 1838| they united m a
most honorable testimonial to his merits. The last eleven years of his life were
passed in dignified seclusion, and were ended with Christian tranquillity.
Nov. 6. — In New York, Jacob Acker, formerly sheriff of that city, aged 56. ^
Nov. — In Pittsburff, Pa.^ Rev. John Black, D. D., aged 82, the oldest minister
of the Reformed Presbyterian Chnrch, and one of the earliest settlers of the city
of Pittsburg.
Nov. 28. — In Cincinnati, Col. Thomas H. Biake^ aged 57. He was a native of
Calvert Connty, Md., and while young removed to Washington. Upon the for-
mation of the state government of Indiana, he settled at Terre Haute. He waa
for many years a member of the Legislature of Indiana, a jndge of her courts,
District Attorney, and from 1827 to 1829 was a member of Congress from that
State. U nder President Tyler, he was Commissioner of the General Land-Ofiice,
and at his death he had recenthr returned from England, where, as the financial
agent of his State and one of the trustees of the Wabash and Erie Canal, he
had made satisfkctory arransements with the public creditors.
July 6. — In Lexington, Ky., Sauveur F. Bonfla, aged 54, Professor of Modem
Lansuages and Literature in Transylvania Universi^, Ky., and for many years
Professor in the same department in the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa.
He was a native of France, but, for political reasons, early came to this country.
He was for the last thirty years of his life constantly and successfully devoted to
the education of the youtn of his adopted country.
Sept. 8. — In Utica, N. T., Dr. Amariah Brighamf aged 51, a distinguished
physician and philanthropist, formerly principal of the Retreat at Hertford, Ct.,
and since 1842 Superintendent of the State Asylum for the Insane at Utica.
Sept. 5. — In Granger County, Tenn., CoL Samuel Bunck, aged 65. Col.
Bunch commanded a regiment in the Indian war under Gen. Andrew Jackson,
and in the charge of the battle of the Horse Shoe was the first or second maa
AMBRICAN OBtTUART FOR 1849. 307
oTer the breastworks of tiie enemj. He was a Representaftive in Congress
from Tennessee, from 1833 to 1837.
Sept. 14. — In New Orleans, L«., Judgr E. A, Canon, of the Seoond Judicinl
District of Lonisiana. He was a native of France, and emigmted to this country
in 1815.
Dec. 18. — In Jackson Connty, Fa., Han, Bcimuel W. Carmaefc, aged 47.
Jndge Carmack was bom in Davidson County, Tenn., on the 9tii of January, 18Q2.
He studied law under Judge Overton, and commenced the practice of his profes-
sion in Fayettetille in ISM. In 1837 he visited Nashville, where he was stricken
down by a disease which so prostrated his system as to render a removal to the
milder climate of Florida necessary. In 1838 be removed to Florida, and con-
tinued there the practice of law. In 1842, he was appointed Territorial Judge
of the Apalachicola District of Florida, which appointment he held until the
organization of tiie State government In 1846, ne was elected Judge of the
Southern Judicial District of Florida, which office he declined. Few persons
have ever had the good fortune to reach a higher or more enviable place in the
estimation of their fellow-men. He was a man of simple and natural manners,
of the kindest charities and warmest feelings, blended with ereat firmness of
purpose and uncompromising inteffrity. His capacity was of high order. He
possessed pent quickness and snotlety of mind, playfiil fkncy, a keen sense
of the ludicrous, a quaint, sly humor, and caustic wit These were kept in
strict subordination to his judgment, fearful that their exercise might give pain
to the feelings of others. As a lawyer, he was worthy of imitation. In consul-
tation he was candid, never misleading his client into fruitless and expensive
litigation for the sake of personal profit. To the bar he was uniformly courteous,
to the court respectful, and to the younger members of the profession he was a
friend and willing counsellor. As a judge, he was humane, but firm and inflexi-
ble, clear of apprehension, of sufficient quickness, though not hasty, perspicuous
in his opinions and instructions, to which it may be added, that he had a perfect
command of himself, never manifesting impatience, or betraying spleen or ill
nature to any who had business in his court.
• Oct. U. — In Clinton, N. Y., Professor CatHn, of Hamilton College, for many
years at the head of the mathematical department of that institution.
Nov. 1. — In Kalamazoo, Mich., Hon. Jefery Cftipman, aeed 60. He was a
native of Rutland, Vt, but for man^ years was a resident of Uanandaigua, N. T.
He was the magistrate before whom Morgan was arraigned on a ohaige of lar-
ceny and committed to Ontario jail, from which he was taken and carried off.
This was the first act in the tragedy that ultimately produced so much agitation
and excitement. In all the ''Morgan trials/' J. Chipman was the first witness
called.
Oct28. — Tn Macon, Ga., Oen, Duncan L. Clinch, fbrmerly in the United
States Army, and from 1843 to 1845 a Representative in Congress from Georgia;
a brave soldier and noble-hearted man.
Dec. 14. — In Georgetown, D. C. Col. John Cox, aged 74. In the war of 1812,
he was inspector of the military or the District, and took an active part in the
disastrous battle of Bladensburg. He was Mayor of Georgetown for more than
twenty years in succession, and was a man of great liberality and benevolence.
Sept. 11. — In Milwaukee, Wise, of cholera, Hon. John D, Citmmins, a Rep-
resentative from Ohio in the 30th Confirress.
Oct 28. — In Geneva, N. Y., ilfa;. David B. Douglass, LL. D., aged 66, Pro-
fessor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophv at Geneva College. Immedi-
ately after his (rraduation at Yale College in 1813, he received the commission of
Lieutenant of Engineers. In 1814, he joined the army on the Niagara frontier,
under the command of Gen. Brown, with the corps of sappers and miners, and
took part in the gallant action of Lundy's Lane. At the siege of Fort Erie, he
superintended, as Lieutenant of Engineers, the repairs of the works under the
very guns of the enemy. On the night of the assault, he commanded a battery
which was assailed by the 103d Bntish regiment, which was most gallantly re-
pulsed i^r repeated attempts to storm the works. For this exploit he received
the brevet of Captain, and the commendation of his commander, Gen. Gaines,
although not yet twenty-one years of age. Afrer the war he took a principal
part in the reorganization of the Military Academy at West Point, and its estab-
908 AMSRIOAN OBITUARY FOE 1849.
Jishment on iti {krasent adnnrable footings and remained in comieetton with it till
1830. After his retirement from West Point, be wm consulted as a civil engineer
from many quarters, and prepared all the plans, elevations, and estimates on
which that great public work, the Croton Aqueduct, was constructed. In 1840,
he was appointed to the Presidency of Kenvon CoUeee, Gambier, Ohio, and re-
ceived the honorary degree of LL. D. from Vale and trom Geneva Colleges.
Sept. 30. — In Centreville, Md., Dr. Robert Goldsboroughf aged 77. For more
than forty years he was a practitioner of medicine in Queen Anne's Conntv, and
for many years was Presiaent of the Medical and Chirurgical Society of Mary-
land, which station he filled with great diffnity and credit.
iNov. 1.-— In Pifew Haven, Ct., Hen, Elitur Goodrich f LL. D., aged 88. Mr.
Goodrich was one of the very few survivors among the men who figured in pub-
lic life under the administrations of Washington and the elder Adams. He be-
lonffed to the Washington school of Federalists, and his removal from the office
of Collector of Customs at New Haven, immediately on the accession of Mr.
Jefferson to the Presidency, save occasion to the famous letter of President
Jefferson, in which he avowed his principle of removal for political opinions.
Mr. Gooorich, besides having been honored with various offices of trust and re-
sponsibility, was fur some time Professor of Law in Yale College, and for many
years the efficient Mayor of New Haven.
Oct. 21. — In Boston, Charles E. Horn, aged 64, a well-known musician and
composer of music.
Sept. 17. — In New York, Dr. John A, Houatony aged 33, formerly official re
porter for the United States Senate, and at one time the conductor of a medical
periodical.
Oct. 23. — In Springfield, Hon, John Howard, aged 58, an upright, active, in-
fluential, hospitable, and beloved citizen.
Sept. 20. — In Windsor. Vt., Hon. Jonathan H, Hubbard, aged 81, one of the
oldest and most esteemed citizens of Vermont. He was a Representative in
Congress from 1809 to 1811, and for many years was Judge of the Supreme Court
Sept. 18.— -In Baltimore, Md.,~ i/oTi. C/iris^qpAer Hughes. Mr. Hughes had
lonff been in public life, as Charge to Sweden, and ailerwards as Minister to
HoFland.
y Dec. 3. — In Newport, R. I., Hon. WiHiam L. Hunter, aged 75. He was graduat-
ed at Brown University, in 1791, went to London, studied medicine under his kins-
man, John Hunter, but soon changed to law, and entered at the Inner Temple
in London, and on his return to Newport, at the age of 21, was admitted to the
bar. In 1799, he was chosen a Representative of Newport in the General As-
sembly, and was subsequently reelected at different periods from that time to the
year 1811, when he was chosen a Senator in Congress, and held his seat till the
year 1821. In all the important discussions of that troubled period, Mr. Hunter
t ook part, and his speeches, especially those on the acquisition of Florida and the
Missouri Compromise, won him a high reputation as a sagacious statesman and
finished orator. In 1834 he was appointed Charg^ to Brazil, an office which after-
wards (in 1842) was raised to that of a full mission, Mr. Hunter being continued
as a Minister Plenipotentiary till the year 1844, when he retired from this post,
and from public life generally, and returned to Newport, where he resided until
his death. As a lawyer, he was distinguished for the extent and variety of his
learning, while his varied accomplishments gave him great power as an advocate.
His style as an orator and writer was ornate, elaborate, and scholar-like ; but as a
speaker, though highly impressive and attractive, it was more oratorical than the
{practice of the present day would tolerate at the bar. The latter years of his
ife were devoted to the great subject of religious liberty, and to it he had
given years of study and reflection. From the monkish libraries of Brazil, and
from evenr quarter to which he could obtain access, he had accumulated vast
stores of learning and research, which he would havQ published had his life been
spared.
Sept. 80. — In Shoreham, Vt., Hon. Silcu Jenison, for several years Governor
of that State, and one of its most esteemed and valuable citizens.
Dec. 8. — in Norfolk, Va., Miles King^ Esq.^ aged 63. He was an officer In
Ott's Norfolk Light Artillery while it was in service on this station during most
of the period of the war of 1812] was subsequently elected to the General As-
▲MCRICAK OBITUABT FOR 1849. 809
•embly ; in 1816 reeeired the appointment of NaTal Agent, which he filled for
eleven tears ; was again elected to the General Assembly, and closed his public
life in the office of Mayor, to which he had been annually elected by his leliow-
citizens for thirteen years in succession.
Mot. U. — In Annapolis, Md., Col. Henry Maynadierf aged 93. He partici-
pated'in man^ of the stirring scenes of the Revolutionary war, and served with
eminent distinction under General Washington, and at the battle of Brandy wine,
in the capacity of Surgeon in the Army, extracted a ball ftom the leg of General
Lafayette.
Dec. 20.— Tn Hampton. Washinffton County, N. Y., fVillum Miller, aged 68,
— the Prophet of the Millerites. Af r. Miller was a native of Pittsfield, Mass.,
and during the last war with £ngland served as a captain of volunteers on the
Northern frontier. He began to speak in public assemblies upon the subject of
the Millennium in 18S3, and in the ten vears which preceded the time which he
had set for the confirmation of all prophecy, he labored assiduously in the Mid-
dle and Northern States, averaging, it is said, nearly one sermon a day for more
than half that period. He was uneducated, and not lai^ely read in even the
common English commentaries; his views were absurd^ and supported but
feebly ; yet he succeeded in building up a sect of some thirty or forty thousand
disciples, which disappeared rapidly after the close of the ^* day of probation "
in 1843, after which time Mr. Miller himself did not often advocate or defend
his views in public.
Feb. 16. — In Lynn. Mass , Capt. Samuel Mud^, a reputable and nsefbl citi-
len. He commanded the Essex company of dratted militia, stationed on Winter
Island, Salem, in 1812, and frequentlv represented the town in the Legislature.
Sept. 8. — In Pittsburg, Pa., of cholera, Hon, Alexander Newman, member
elect of the 31st Confess from the Idth Congressional District of Viivinia.
Dec. 14. — In Cincinneti, drowned bj falling from the ferry-boat, Rev, James
H Perkintf a man of distinguished literary attainments and ability, and a vigor-
ous writer.
Oct 7. — In Baltimore, Edgar A, Poe, aged 37, favorably known as a poet
and magazine writer.
Oct — In Princeton, N. J., John Potter, a^d 84. He was a native of Ireland,
whence he emigrated at an early ace, and resided at Charleston, S. C, where he
was long and succes8f\]lly enffagecfin business as a merchant For many years
he had resided in Princeton, N. J. Mr. Potter was distinguished as a man of the
strictest integrity and honor, and his wealth was of late years principally em-
ployed in the promotion of the Delaware and Raritan Canal through Now Jersey,
and of the other ereat improvements of the day.
Nov. 18.-- In North Kingston, R. I., Hon. Bemamin Bmith, aged 85. He held
many important offices, which he discharged with honor to himself and justice
to the public. For fourteen years he was a member of the State Legislature,
seven in the House of Representatives, and seven in the Senate. He was one
of the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas for the County of Washington ;
twenty-one years a member of the Town Council of North Kingston, and most of
. the time President of that body. He was always at his post, never being absent
from his seat a sinsle meeting during the whole time.
Oct 9. — In Andover, Mass., Timothy Dtoight Sprague, editor of the Ameri-
can Literaiy Magazine, aged 30.
Oct 26. •— In Baltimore County, Md., Gen, Tobias E, Slanslmry, aged 93.
From the opening[ events of the Revolutionary war down to within a very recent
period, he participated actively in national and State afifairs, was repeatedly
a member of the Legislature, and presided as Speaker of the House of Dele-
gates } and the public records bear full testimony to the ability and intefprity with
which he discharged the various duties intrusted to him. A great portion of his
long life was spent in the service of his countnr, and the whme of it in the en-
joyment of the confidence and respect of his fellow-citizens.
Oct 19. — In the White Mountains, N. H., Frederic Strickland, son of
Thomas Strickland, Bart., of England. He left the ** Notch House" with a party
for tiie purpose of ascending the mountain. In consequence of snow, all except
Strickland returned, he pursuing his journey ; but not returning, search was made
for hin, and his lifeless body was found upon the moantuins on the 21st
310 AMBUWAN OUTUAEY VOft 1800.
Oct. 9.— Near CambridM City, Ind., Hon. John Tut, He wai a Represen-
tative in CongreM froni Indiana from 1823 to 1827, and from 1829 tol831. He
was also at Presiding Judge of one of the Circuit Courts in that State, and was
much respected as a judge and citizen. He subsequently removed to Mobile,
Ala., where for some years be was held in high repute for his learning and tal-
ents as a lawyer.
Oct. 30. — In St Mary's County, Md., Hon. Richard Thoma»t for many yean a
Representative in both branches of the Legislature, and for six years President
of the Senate.
Oct. 18. — On the steamboat Highland Manr, on her trip flrom Fort Snelling to
St Louis, Mo., Copl. Leonidas Wetmore, 6th Keg. U. S. Infantry. He was in sev-
eral engagements with the Indians in the Florida war, and participated in the
battles in Mexico ; he was at the storming of Vera Crux, at Cerro Gordo, at
Churubusco, at Molino del Rey, and in the battles before the gates of the city of
Bilexico.
Oct. 10. — In Haverhill, Mass., Hon. Leonard White, aged 82. Mr. White
was the classmate and friend of John Quincy Adams, and they were, before going
to College, felloW'Students with the Rev. Mr. Shaw of Haverhill. They were
of the class of 1787 at Harvard. Mr. White was for a sreat many years Town .
Clerk and Treasurer, and represented his town in the Legislature, and his dis-
trict in Coneress, from 1811 to 1813. At this period the Merrimack Bank was
incorporated, and he became its first cashier, which office be held with unsullied
reputation for a quarter of a century, and until Uie infirmities of age rendered
repose from its arduous duties necessary.
Dec. 23.— 'In Cannonboroush, S. C, Capt. John Williamnonf of the Ordnance
Department, U. S. A., ased A*. He was educated at West Point, and graduated
witn much distinction. The government works on the Chattahoochee River, Floi^
ida, were built under his superintendence, and he more recently superintended
the construction of the United States Arsenal near Charleston, where he resided
at the time of his death.
Nov. — In Boston, Nathaniel JVUaonf of Belfast, Maine, Purser U. S. N., aged
60. He entered the service at the commencement of the last war with Great
Britain, and held various stations, in which he acquitted himself with great
bravery. Among other engagements, he was in the famous battle of Plattsburg.
By his will, he left the whole of his property, amounting to about f 25,000, to
bis native town of Belfast, to be appropnated for the purposes of education, in
the same manner as was provided in Boston by the late John Lowell, the founder
of the Lowell Institute.
185 0.
In Holly Springs, Miss., Col. James C. Alderson, Colonel Alderson had filled
many offices of trust and honor in his State, and the faithful discharge of his
duties inspired unlimited confidence in him. At the time of his death he was
President of the Northern Bank of Mississippi.
Jan. 17. — In Chester, Pa., Dr. Samuel Andersonf seed 76. He had frequently
served in the Legislature of his State ; was Speaker of its House in 1848-49, and
was a Representative in Congress from 1827 to 1829.
Feb. — In Newark, N. J., Isaac Andmss, aged 76. Having command of a'
regiment of Jersey militia, he entered the service of the country during the war
of 1812, and was for some time stationed with the troops of that State in the vi-
cinity of Sandy Hook, for the defence of the coast and of the harbour of New
York, and subsequently received the commission of Brigadier-General. For
nearly thirty years he was a magistrate of the county, and a member of the
Presbyterian Church, and always an active, zealous, and prominent citizen.
March 5S6. — In Boston, Hon. Samvel T. Armstrong, aged 66. Mr. Armstrong
made a fortune as a book publisher many years ago. He won the confidence or
the people of Boston, and the Commonwealth, and served both faithAillv, as
Mayor of the city. Senator in the Legislature, and Lieutenant-Governor of Mas-
sachusetts. In the latter capacity he acted as Governor during the unexpired'
AMEAICAM OBITUARY FOR 1650. 311
term of OoTeraor Davis, who wss chosen United States Senator in 18S6. For
several years he had retired from public life, enjoying in travel and social inter-
'course the fruits of a well-spent life.
March 14. — In Rochester, N. Y., Gen. Ebenezer S. Beach, aged 65. In early
life he enjoyed the advantages of a liberal education, and afterwards, by fortunate
speculations, the most important of which was a contract for furnishing stores for
the army, acquired a large fortune. He was widely known, and engaged as
extensively in milling^ operations, probably, as any other person in the United
States.
June 20. *- At Locust Grove, Md., Capt. John Beckett, aged 59, for many
years a member of the Maryland Legislature, and a prominent officer in the war
of 1812. He was at the battle of York, and bore from the 6eld Gen. Pike, when
mortalljr wounded. He also participated in the capture of Fort George and in
the affair at Stony Creek, and was on board our neet in the hardest fight that
took place on Lake Ontario. He was in the battle of Chrystler's Field, and in
the battle of Lyon's Creek he received a severe wound.
Aus. 22. — In Gardiner, Me., Nathaniel Berry, aged 94, a member of Washing-
ton's life-guard.
Jan. 1. — In Charlottesville, Va., George Blatterman, LL. D., Professor of
Modern Languages in the University of Virginia from 1825 to 1843.
April 8.— In New Orleans, Col, Gordon D, Boydf aged 50, for many years a
member of the House of Representatives and a State Senator in Mississippi.
June. — > In Tallahassee, Fa., Hon, William H. Brockenbroughy a^ed 37. His
disease was pulmonary consumption, for the relief of which he onginatly came
to Florida, and which, during his residence there, operated as a continual drag
upon his physical and mental energies. As a citizen of Florida, he nevertheless,
held no undistinguished position. Under the Territorial government, he was
one of the Senators from the Western District, at one time President of the
Senate, United States District Attorney for the Western District, and Represen-
tative in Conffress from 1845 to 1847.
July 29. — In Worcester, Mass;, 8amttel M, Bumside, Esq.y aged 67. He was
a erauiuate of Dartmouth College, studied and practised law, and was a useful
and respected citizen.
Marcn 31. — In Washington, D. C, Hon, John Caldwell Calhoun^ Senator in
Congress from South Carolina, aged 68. Mr. Calhoun was a native of South
Carolina, and was born in Abbeville District on the 18th of March, 1782. He
was of an Irish family. His father, Patrick Calhoun, was born in Ireland, and
at an early age came to Pennsylvania, thence went to the western part of Vir-
ginia, and after Braddock's defeat moved to South Carolina, in 1756. His mother
was a Miss Caldwell, a native of Charlotte County, Vii^nia.
At the age of thirteen, he was put under the charge of his brother-in-law. Dr.
Waddel, in Columbia County, Georgia. He entered Yale College in 1802, and
graduated with distinction, studied law at Litchfield, Conn., and in 1807 was
admitted to the bar of South Carolina. The next year he entered the Legislature
of that State, where he served for two sessions with ability and distinction, and
in 181) was elected to Congress, where he continued until 1817, when he be-
came Secretary of War under President Monroe, and conducted the affairs of
that department with singular energy and administrative ability for seven years.
In 1825. he was elected Vice-President, and in 1831, upon General Hayne's leav-
ing the Senate to become Governor of South Carolina, Mr Calhoun resigned the
Vice-Presidency, and was elected a member of the United States Senate by the
Legislature of South Carolina. After the expiration of his Senatorial term, he
went voluntarily into retirement. Upon the death of Mr. Upshur, in 1843, he
assumed the conduct of the State Department, which he held until the close of
Mr. Tyler's administration. In 1845, tie was again elected Senator, which oflice
he held until his decease. From 1811, when he entered Congress, until his
death, he was rarely absent fVom Washington, and during the most of that period
he was in the public service of his State and country.
He entered Congress at a time of unusual excitement, preceding the declara-
tion of war of 1812, and few, if any, had greater influence in favor of that meas-
ure than Mr. Calhoun. In the difficulties and embarrassments upon the termi-
natlon of the war, and the transition to a peace establishment, be took a
SIS AMBEIOAll OBITUART FOR 1850
rMpoQMble ptit. He admiDietorad th« War Department, under circuroBtanees
that might have appalled other men, with complete aucceaa. What was complex
and confused he reduced to simplicity and oraer. While Vice-President he was *
placed in a trying poaition. Aa a preaiding officer of the Senate, he had the un-
divided reapect of ita membera. He was punctual, methodical, and accurate, and
had a high regard for the dignity of the body, which he endeavoured to preaerve
and maintain.
Hia connection with nullification, liis viewa of the tarijBT, his opinions in re--
gard to slavery, and die many and exciting Questions arising from it, are well
known. He abaped the course and moulded the opinions oTtbe people of hia
own State, and of some other Southern Statea, upon all these subjects. Too
much honor cannot be paid his memory for the stand he took in favor of peace
uppn the Oregon queation. Amid all the strifes of party and politics, there al«
ways existed between him and his political opponenta a sreat degree of personal
kindness. The following remarks of Mr. Webster in tne Senate show in what
estimation he was held by a kindred mind.
** Sir, the eloquence of Mr. Calhoun, or the manner of his exhibition of hia
sentiments in puolic bodies, was part of his intellectual character. It grew oat
of the qualities of his mind. It was plain, strong, terse, condensed, conciae ;
sometimes impassioned, still alwaya aevere. Rejecting ornament, not oflea
■eekin^ far for lUnaUtition, his power consisted in the plainnesa of hia proposi-
tions, in the closeness of his logic, and in the earnestness and enei^ of hie
manner. These are the qualities, as 1 think, which have enabled him through
such a long course of years to speak often, and yet always command attention.
His demeanour aa a Senator ia known to us all, — is appreciated, venerated, by
us all. No man was more reapectful to others ; no man carried himaelf with great-
er decorum, no man with superior dignity.
** Sir, 1 have not in public or in private life known a more assiduous person ia
the discharge of his appropriate duties. He seemed to have no recreation but
the pleasure of conversation with his friends. Out of the chambers of Congress,
he was either devotinff himself to the acquisition of knowledge pertaining to the
immediate subject of the duty before him, or else he was indulging in some
social interviews in which he so much delighted. His colloquial talents were
certainly aingular and eminent. There was a charm in hia conversation not often
found. He delighted especially in conversation and intercourse widi young
men. 1 suppose that there haa been no man among us who had more winning
manners, in such an intercourse and such conversation, with men comparatively
young, than Mr. Calhoun. I believe one great power of his character, in gen-
eral, was his conversational talent I believe it is that, as well as a conscious-
ness of his high integrity and the greatest reverence for his talenta axkd ability,
that has made mm so endeared an object U> the people of the State to which he
belonged.
" Mr. President, he had the baais, the indispensible basis, of all high character :
and that was, unspotted integrity, unimpeached honor and character. If he haa
aapirations, they were high, and honorable, and noble. There was nothinggrovel-
ling, or low, or meanly selfish, that came near the head or the heart of Mr. Cal«
houn. Firm in his purpose, perfectly patriotic and honest, as I am sure he waa,
in the principles that he espoused and in the measures that he defended, aside
from that large regard for that species of distinction that conducted him to emi-
nent stations for the benefit of the republic, I do not believe he had a selfish mo-
tive or selfish feeling. However, Sir, he may have differed from others of us in
his political opinions or his political principles those principles and those opin-
ions will now descend to posterity under ttie sanction of a great name. He haa
lived long enough, he has done enough, and he has done it so well, so success-
fully, so nonorably, as to connect himself for all time with the recorda of his
country. He is now an hiatorical character. Those of us who have known him
here will find that he has left upon our minds and our hearts a strong and lasting
impression of his person, his character, and his public performances, which while
we live will never be obliterated. We shall, hereafter, I am sure, indulge in it
as a grateful recollection, that we have lived in his age, that we have ^en his
contemporaries, that we have seen him, and heard him, and known him. We
shall delight to speak of him to those who are rising up to fill our places. And,
▲MSRICAN OBITUARY fOR 1850. 3l3
when the time shall come that we ourselves shall go, one after aiiothefi in aiio^
cession, to our graves, we shall carry with us a deep sense of his senius and
character, his honor and integrity, his amiable deportment in private life, and^e
purity of his exalted patriotism."
April 13. — In Washington, D. C, Hon. Thomcu Jefferson Campbdl, of Tenn.,
Clerk of the House of Representatives. He was also Clerk during the 30th
Congress. He was a citizen of Tennessee, and was a member in Congress from
that SUte from 1841 to 1B4S.
March 5. — In Southampton County, Va., Hon, George B, Cory, a member
of Congress from the Petersbui^ District in 184;2-43.
Feb. 16. — In Camden, Ark., Rev, Porter Clay, last surviving full brother of
Hon. Henry Clay, aged 70.
April 23. — In Ripton, Vt., Hon, Daniel Chipman, aged 85. He ^^radaated at
Dartmouth, and studied law with his older brother, the Hon. Nathaniel Chipman
of Rutland, at which place he practised a short time before removing to Ripton.
He was member of Congress from 1814 to 1817, was frequently Speaker of the
House of Representatives of his State, and was a member of the recent Consti-
tutional Convention. He was an able lawyer, and the first Reporter of the decis*
ions of the Supreme Court. He was also the author of an able work on the
Law of Contracts for the Sale of Specific Articles, which was aufi is highly es-
teemed by the profession.
Aug. 27. — In Saline County, Missouri, Cfd. Benjamin Chambers , aged 86.
Col. Chambers was born in Pennsylvania, near Chambersburg, and at the age of
sixteen entered the army of the Revolution, and served in the regiment of
Pennsylvania volunteers commanded by his father. After the close of the Rev-
olution, he emigrated west, and settled in Indiana, and for the last thirty years
resided in Missouri. He had the friendship and confidence of many distin-
guished men of the country, and at various times held important military and
civil appointments under the early Presidents.
April 18. — In Gilmanton, N. H., Rev. William Cogstoell, D, D., aged 62. He
was the son of Dr. William Cogswell, of Atkinson, New Hampshire, and was
born June 5, 1787. He graduated at Dartmouth College in 1811. Alter leaving
College, he iostructed a year in each of the academies at Atkinson and Hampton.
New Hampshire. He studied theology with Rev. Mr. Webster of Hampton, and
the Rev. Drs. Dana of Newburyport and Worcester of Salem, Massachusetts.
He was settled as a pastor over the South Church in Dedham, Massachusetts,
for fourteen years. In June, 1829, he entered the service of the American Edu-
cation Society, as its Agent, and in 1832 was elected Secretary and Director of
the Society, in the place of Rev. Dr. Cornelius^ who had resigned. From April,
1841, he was for nearly three years Professor of History and National Education
in Dartmouth College, when he accepted the appointment of President of Gil-
manton Theological Seminary, and also of Professor of Christian Theology. In
1836, he was elected a Trustee of the Andover Theological Seminary. Dr. Cogs-
well was the author of a Manual of Theology and Devotion, of the Christian
Philanthropist, the Theological Class-book, and of Reports of various societies.
He was also Editor of the American Quarterly Reffister, Uie New Hampshire
Repository, and the New England Historical and Genealogical Register, now
published in Boston.
July 21. — In Louisville, Ky., Chapman Coleman^ Esq., son-in-law of Gover-
nor Crittenden, and one of the most distinguished and influentisd citizens of that
place.
Jan. 27. — In New York, William Atkins Colenum, aged 60, for more than
thirty years known for his connection with literature and art.
In New Orleans, La., Hon. Horace S. Cooley, Secretary of State of Illinois.
June 1. — In Brooklyn, N. Y., Commodore Benjamin Cooper, U. S. N., aged 57.
He was a native of New Jersey, entered the service in 1809, and served with
distinction under Lawrence in the Hornet, durins the war with England.
June 21. — In Manhattanville, N. Y., Matthew L, Davis, Esq., aged 84, a well-
known citizen of New York. Mr. Davis was a printer, ana at the time of his
death the oldest of that calling in the city. He was a man of cultivated mind,
and of great native strength of intellect He took an active interest in political
afiairs, and imparted his views upon them to the public in the vigorous letters
27
814 AMKAICAir OBITVART rOR 1850.
whieh he eomnranieated to the daily journals. The moet noted series of these
was that which appeared some years since in the Courier and Enquirer, under
the signature of ^* The Spy in Washington/' He was also for some years the
American correspondent of the London Times, his letters bein^ designated as
from a " Genevese Trayelier." To the permanent literature of the country^ the
most important contribution by Mr. Ihtvis was the " Memoirs of the Life of
Aaron Burr.''
May 18. — In Clinton, N. Y., Dr. Beryamin Woolsev Dudght, aged 70. He
was born at Northampton, Mass., graduated at Yale College in 1799, and studied
medicine in Philadelphia. On account of protracted ill health he left this pro-
fession, and engafled in mercantile business in New York city and in Catskill. la
1831, he remoyed to Clinton, Oneida County, N. Y., soon alter which he was ap*
pointed Secretary and Treasurer of Hamilton Colleae, which offices he filled
with distinguished usefulness during the rest of his life.
Aug. 23. •— In Pensacola, PoMted-Midshioman Charles Dyer, Jr.^ U. S. N. He
was drowned in nobly attempting to saye the crew of a yessel in distress.
March IS. ~~ At sea, on board the United States ship Ohio, on her passaire from
Rio Janeiro to Boston, LietU. Henry Eld, Jr.^ U. S. N., a natiye of New Hayen,
Conn. Lieut. Eld had performed much seryice abroad, and was on his return
from a three and a half years' cruise. He was one of the actiye young officers
of the United States Exploring Expedition during its long and arduous seryice ;
and in the Narratiye of the Expedition by Captain Wilkes, he is fVequently men-
tioned in terms of high commendation.
May 29. — In Washington, D. C, Hon. Franklin Harper Elmortf Senator in
Congress from South Carolina, ared 50. Mr. Elmore was a natiye of Laurens
District, S. C, and was bom in 1799. He entered South Carolina College in
Noyember, 1817, and graduated with honor in 1819. He studied law with Hon.
A. P. Butler, in Columbia, and was admitted to the bar in 1821. In 1822 he was
elected Solicitor (a public prosecuting officer) of the Southern Circuit, — an
office that inyolyed high responsibility and important public duties, and was re-
elected to this office until he took his seat in the House of Representatiyes in
December, 1836, to fill & yacancy occasioned by the resignation of General Ham-
mond, to which office he was again elected, and senred throughout the 25th Con-
gress. During this time, he won a high reputation for pariiamentary address and
ability. In E^cember, 1839, he was elected President of the Bank of the State
of South Carolina, a position of real difficulty, that required financial talents of
a high order, which office he held until his nomination to the Senate, to fill the
yacancy occasioned by the death of the Hon. John C. Calhoun. His yoice was
heard but once in the Senate, and then in answering to his name when called by
the Secretary.
April 7. -« In Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Hon, James Emott^ aged 80, a distinguished
member of the bar of New York. He was a member of Congress from that
State from 1809 to 1813. Under the old constitution, he for seyeral years filled
the office of first judge of the Court of Common Pleas for his county, and in
that capacity gaye that court a rank among the best courts of the State, and the
unlimited confidence of the public. Under the constitution of 1821, he was ap-
pointed Circuit Judge for the Second District, which station he filled with like
distinction and honor until he reached the age of sixty years, which required him
to retire.
March 3. — In Boston, Dr. John D. Fisher, aged 53, a highly intelligent and
respected physician. He was a member of the goyernment of the Perkins In-
stitution for the Blind, a yisiting physician to the Massachusetts General Hos-
Sital, and Secretar^r of the Board of Censors of the Massachusetts Medical
ocie^ for the district of Suffolk.
March 7. — At Baton Rouge, La., Hon. Preston TV. FarraTf Speaker of the
House of Representatiyes of that State, and a distinguished and accomplished
citizen. He was born in Kentucky, and was educated at the TransyWania Uni-
yereity. He remoyed to Mississippi in 1827, and seryed with great credit in both
branches of the Legislature of that State.
July 16.~In Washington, D. C, Peter Hagner, late Third Auditor of the
Treasury, aged 79. He was born in Philadelphia. October 1st, 1772, and was edu-
cated at the University of Pennsylvania. In 1793, he received from President
AMERICAN OBITVART rOR i860, 316
Washington an appointment in the office of Accountant of War, and removed
with the government to that city. He was afterwards appointed Assistant lo the
Accountant of War, and in 1816 was commissioned as Additional Accountant of
War, upon the creation of that office. In 1817, Congress established the office of
Third Auditor, and Mr. Hagner was selected by President Monroe to discharge
its responsible and-arduous duties. This office he held until October last, having
served under every President of the United States from Washington to Taylor,
and it was with the greatest reluctance that at last his resignation, which had
been repeatedly tendered, was accepted. During this service of fifty-seven years,
he was eminently distinsuished for modesty, integrity, industry, unwavering de-
votion to the interests of the government, and impartial justice. The vast im-
portance of the office of Third Auditor can only be prqperly estimated by those
who are familiar with its details. But some idea, perhaps, may be formed of it
by recalling a remark once made in Congress by tne celebrated John Randolph
of Roanoke, who, in pausing to find an apt phrase to express his sense of the in-
fluence of the Emperor Nicnolas in the affairs of Europe, styled him '' the great
Third Auditor of nations,** In addition to the duties devolved upon Mr. Hagner
in the regular administration of his office, he was repeatedly directed by acts of
Congress to settle, at his discretion, large and important claims not connected
with it, but which were referred to him in the fullest confidence that iustice
would be done to all parties concerned. The satisfaction he gave in the dis-
charge of these multiplied labors, and the exalted appreciation entertained of his
distinguished worth, were manifested throughout his whole career by the appro-
bation of each successive President, by the favorable testimony of cqromittees
and members of Congress, and, on two occasions, by direct votes of that body.
Aug. 23. — In Pensacola, Fa., Alexander HaUj aged 21, Assistant Engineer in
the United States service, and a graduate of Harvard College in 1848. He lost
his life in nobly assisting to save the crew of a vessel in distress.
June 21. — In New York city, Jacob Hays, aged 79, for nearly fifty years High
Constable of the city of New York, and for a Targe portion of his earlier life an
active and efficient police agent He was born in 1772, in New Rocbelle, West
Chester County, N. Y. In 1801 he received his first appointment in the police
department from the hands of Edward Livingston, then Mayor of the city.- He
was subsequently appointed High Constable of the city, and annually reappointed
to the office by every successive Mayor. He also held for many years the
offices of Sergeant at Arms of the Board of Aldermen, and Crier of the Court of
Sessions.
To the peculiar department of the public service to which his labors were de-
voted, few have brought greater natural qualifications, and no one ever met with
more unqualified success. His memory of persons was wonderful, and it is said
that he never forgot the countenance of any one who had been brought to his
attention. He always contrived, by some means known only to himself, to be
correctly informed as to the movements of professional depredators on society,
and upon the commission of a crime seldom erred in his designation of the
ofiender, or failed to bring him to iustice.
May 16. — In Madison, Ind. , JHon. William HendrickSf aged 67. Governor
Hendricks was one among the few remaining old settlers of Madison, having
come there in 1814. During his eventful life, he filled many high and important
offices. He was Secretary of the Convention which formed the present Consti-
tution of Indiana, the first and sole Representative of the State in Congress for
six years, and Govern<ir of the State from 1822 to 1826, when he was elected a
Senator of the United States, and ref^lected to the same office in 1831. He was
a man of strong mind and strong feelings, enduring in his attachments, and had
long been a professor of the Christian religion.
June. — In Kenosha, Wis., Oen. Daniel Hu/ruenin. aged 59. He was distin-
guished as an officer in the war of 1812, and participated in the stirring events on
the Niagai;a frontier and the battle of Queenstown, where he was taken prisoner
with General Scott. He was member of Congress from one of the western
districts of New York from 1825 to 1827, a member of the New York Legisla-
ture, and at a later period United States Marshal for the Territory of Wisconsin,
udder appointment from Greneral Harrison.
. April 17. — In Alb«iy, N. Y./Z/on. Charlet Hmnphrey, t^gtd 58. He repre-
316 AMKRICAH OBITUARY FOR 1850.
■ented the Coanfr of Tompkins in the Legislature throngh teveral sessions, and
was Speaker of the House of Assembly in 1836. He was subsequently appoint-
ed to the lucrative office of Clerk of the old Supreme Court, and after the aboli-
tion of that office he lived in quiet retirement. He was a man of eminent tal-
ents and great social virtues.
Auff. 30. ^ In Mew York, John Inman, Esq., aged 46, formerly editor of the
New York Commercial Advertiser. Mr. Inman was a native of Utica. He was
educated for the legal profession. Shortly after graduating, he commenced his
editorial experience, anout the year 1830, with a paper called " The Spirit of the
Times." He was afterwards connected with the old New York Mirror ; and in
1834 became assistant editor of the Commercial Advertiser. On the death of
Colonel Stone, Mr. Inman became the chief editor of the paper, which he con-
ducted with great ability, and during the same period he contributed occasionally
to the popular periodicals of the day. Mr. inman was beloved and esteemed for
his fine traits of character and many virtues.
July 25. — In Danvers, Mass., Hon, Daniel Putnam King, aged 50. Mr. King
was graduated at Harvard College, in 1823. At first he contemplated the study of
the law, but soon abandoned it for the practice of agriculture. In 1836-37, he
was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, in 1838-^, a
member of the Senate, and in 1840-41, President of that body. In 1843, he was
again a member of the House, and after four unsuccessful ballotings for other
candidates, on the fourth day and fifth ballot his name was brought forward, and
he was elected Speaker of that body by a majori^ of one vote. The records
show that he was eminently successfiil in that new and difficult position. Sev-
eral unsuccessful attempts to elect a Representative in Congress from the Essex
District having been made, Mr. King was nominated for the office, while yet
Speaker of the House of Representatives, and in the month of June, 1843, was
elected by a small majority. He was afterwards twice reelected, and his term
would have expired with the present Congress. Mr. King was beloved and re-
spected for his many virtues, for his varied attainments, and for his unassuming
worth. Rarely has it happened in Congress, upon the decease of a member, that
such spontaneous, general, affiectionate, and honorable tributes have been' paid to
his memory.
July. — in Philadelphia, Pa., Commodore Jacob Jones, U. S. N., aged 82. Com-
modore Jones served with distinguished honor in the last war with Great Britain.
He fought in the Wasp one of the bloodiest naval battles in our history, and
captured in forty-five minutes the British brig of war Frolic, of superior force,
and under circumstanees highly unfavorable to success. For this action the States
of Delaware, Massachusetts, and New York each voted him a sword in com-
memoration of his gallantiT.
April 12. — At sea, in tne French bark Aristide Marie, Rev. Adomram Jud-
ton, D. D., aged 62, senior missionary of the American Baptist Missionary Union,
having been more than thirty-eight years in the missionary service.
Jan. 7. — In New York, John H. Kyan, Esq., aged 75, a native of England,
and for the last six months resident in this country. He was a man of extensive
scientific acquirements, and the inventor of ** Kyanized " wood.
In Lawrensburgh, ind., Hon. Amos Lane. Colonel Lane filled a conspicuous
place in the histoir of Indiana. He was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 183d to 1837 3 was rei>eatedl^ a member of the House of Repre-
sentatives of the State, and served one session as Speaker. He was a law^rer o€
the first ability, and his commanding talent always secured him a distinguished
place among the able men of his day.
July 20. -r In Cincinnati, Oh., of cholera, Darius Laphamf Esq., aged 42. He
was an engineer, and was employed first on the great Lrie Canal of New York,
and afterwards on the Wetland Canal in Canada, and was for many years in the
service of the State of Ohio. He devoted much time to the agricultural inter-
ests of Ohio, and at the time of his death he was actively engaged, as chairman of
the Executive Committee of the State Board of Agriculture, in making arrange-
ments for the first annual State fair at Cincinnati. He was well read in general
science, and was a contributor to Silliman's Journal.
July 30. — Near Tully, Lewis County, Mo., Count de Laporte, aged 58, well
known as a teacher of the French language, and formerly instructor in Freacli
in Harvard College.
AHERICAN OBITUART FOR 1850. 317
June 22. — In Columbus, Miss., Dr. Dabney Lispcomb aged 55, President of
the State Senate. He was a man of large and liberal mind, and in private life
exhibited all the virtues of a hospitable and high-minded gentleman.
July 10. — in St. Matthews, S. C, Maj. James Lovelf aged 92. He was the son
of the Hon. James Lovel of Boston, and was born 9th July, 1758. He graduated
at Harvard College in 1776. Directly a(\er graduating, he tuok a commission in
the Massachusetts line, in Jackson's regiment; was in the battle of Monmouth,
and in a hard contest at Quaker's Hill was severely wounded. He went through
the campaign of 1780 in Jersey, and when General Greene was appointed to the
Southern division of the army, Major Lovel took a commission in Lee's Legion,
and was appointed by. him immediately his adjutant, which office be retained
during the remainder of the war. He was at ihe battle of Guilford, and with
Sumter and Pickens in their successful eflbrts in reducing the many pusts kept
up as communications in the country, and was finally engaged in the last hard-
fought battle of the Eutaw. He was one of the two survivors of the two hun-
dred and twenty-two original members of the Society of the Cincinnati, and at
the lime of his death the oldest living graduate of Harvard College.
May 28. — In Mobile, Ala., Rev. J. N. MaffU, a well-known and eccentric
preacher of the Methodist Church.
May 2. — In Prospect, Me., Joseph P. Martiiif Esq.^ aged 90. Mr. Martin was
the son of a Congregationalist clergyman in Berkshire County, Massachusetts.
In the spring of 1776, he entered tlie army of the Revolution, and, excepting an
interval of a few months, continued in the army until the close of the war. He
was in several of the most bloody battles of the war. At the close of the war he
removed to Prospect, then comparatively a wilderness, where he remained
until his death. He held various offices of trust in the town, atid for over a
quarter of a century was Town Clerk. He had a fondness for poetry and liter-
ature. In 1830, he published a book containing a narrative of his adventures as
a Revolutionary soldier, which ^ve a lively view of the sufierings of those en-
gaged in the mighty conflict for independence.
April 17. — In Galveston, Texas, Gen. John T. Masorif a native of Virginia.
He removed from Virginia to Kentucky at an early period of his life. He lived
in Kentucky from 1811 to 1835, and during that time he occupied many distin-
guished public stations, all of which he filled with great ability and fidelity.
About fifteen years since he removed to Michigan, of which State his eldest son
had previously been Governor, but died soon after. He also was afterwards Gov-
ernor ex officio of the same State.
July 25. — In St. Louis, Mo., of cholera, Bret^e^ Brigadier- General Richard
B. Mason, U. S. A.
March 24. — In Auburn, N. Y., Hon. John Maunard, formerly of Seneca Falls,
Judge of the Supreme Court of New York, and from January, 1850, a Judge of
the Court of Appeals. He was elected to Congress in 1826, and gave a zealous
support to Mr Adams's administration. He was subsequently for four years a
member of the Senate of that State, and again, in 1841 -49, a member of Congress.
At the first judicial election he was raised to the bench of the Supreme Court,
from the active duties of which office he retired last fall, on account of ill health.
Feb. 23. — In Washington, D. C, Gen. John McNiell. Surveyor of the Port of
Boston, and a brave and efficient officer in the war of 1812.
March 31. — In Washington, D. C, Dr. Alexander Mc WiUiams^ aged 75. He
was born in St. Mary*8 County, Maryland, entered the navy in 1801, and, having
served during the Tripolitan war, resigned in 1806, since which time he had resid*
ed in Washingrton, in the practice of his profession. He was the oldest living prac-
titioner of medicine in that city, as he would have been the oldest surgeon in the
navy had he remained in the service. He was one of the founders of the Co-
lumbian Institute as well as of the National Institute. He spent his life in the
unostentatious exercise of the impulses of his generous and noble heart, and in
the indulgence of his free and strong tastes for natural science.
June 9. — In Portsmouth, N. H., John Meicher^ aged 90, the oldest practical
printer in New Hampshire, and probably in the Lfnited States. In 1793, he com-
menced the paper wnich now bears the name of the Portsmouth Journal. Mr.
Melcher enjoyed the patronage of the State printing 3 he printed the first bound
27*
318 AMKRICAN OBITUARY FOR 1850.
▼olume of the State laws after the new Constitution waa adopted, and was also
printer of many of the popular books of the day.
Aug. 20. — In Harrisburg; Pa., JHhn. Jesse Miller, Secretary of State under
Governor Shunk.
Jan. 8. — In Princeton, T9. J., Rev. Samuel BtUUr, D. D., aged 91, long a dis-
tinguished Professor in the Theoloncal Seminary at Princeton.
May. — In Detroit, Mich., Gen, John H. Norvetl, United States District Attor-
ney for Michigan.
March Sa — In Indianola, Texas, Brevet Major J. P, J. O'Brien, V. S. A.
Major O'Brien served with honor in the Florida war, and distinguished himself
for firmness, coolness, and bravery in the command of his battery at the battle of
Buena Vista, where by losing hiscannon he saved the battle.
July 22. —Drowned in the wreck of the bark Elizabeth, off Fire Island, while
on her passage to New York, Sarah Margaret Fuller UOssoli. aged 40, better
known as Miss Margaret Fuller. She was a native of Massachusetts, and had
early gained a high reputation for intellect and literary acquirements. She
was the authoress of many miscellaneous articles in the Dial, and other peri-
odicals, of " A Summer on the Lakes," '* Woman in the Nineteenth Century,"
and of Papers on Literature and Art," published in Wiley and Putnam's Library.
She had been for some time the foreign correspondent of the New York Tri-
bune. At the time of her death she, had completed and ready for publication, an
extended work "On the Recent Revolutionary Changes in Europe," which was
totally lost with the wreck. Her husband and their only child perished with her.
Aug. 31.^ In Boston, Daniel P. Parker , aged 60; an upright and successful
merchant, l^e had paid particular attention to the construction of merchant-ves-
sels, and had owned many ships of a superior model and sailing qualities.
May 28. — In Boston, wUliam Pelby, for many years proprietor and manager
of the National Theatre, Boston.
Jan. 23. — In St. Louis, Mo., Hon Nathaniel Pope, Judge of the United States
District Court for the District of Illinois, aged 66, a ^ntleman highly esteemed
in Illinois, not only for his legal learning, but for his many excellent qualities
of head and heart, and in 1816-18 Delegate in Congress from the then Territory
of Illinois.
July I. — At Longwood, near Natchez, Miss., Hon. Sergeant 8, Prentiss, apred
40. He was born in Portland, Maine, and received a good classical education.
He went to Mississippi about the year 1826. He passed a year or two as tutor
in a private family in the neighbourhood of Natchez, and pursued his legal studies
under the instruction of General Felix Huston. He was soon called to the bar,
and his first speech before a jury is said to have been marked by that wit and
eloquence which never desertea him. He soon moved to Vicksbnrg, then an
insignificant village, and became at once the leader of the bar in that section
of the State. His practice was for many years extremely lucrative. He was en-
ffaged in a suit involving the most valuable portion of the city, which he gained.
The result of this suit gave him a high reputation as a lawyer, while the ground
which he received as a fee made him one of the wealthiest men in the State.
He soon entered into politics, and was a brilliant, popular, and successful stump
orator. In 1837, he first became known to the people of the United States by
his speech in the House of Representatives at Washini^nn, where he and his
colleague. Word, claimed the seats held by Colonel J. F. H. Claiborne and W.
H. Gholson. Mr. Prentiss was heard by the House, and that speech at once es-
tablished his claim to be considered one of the ablest parliamentary debaters in
the country. The claim of Mr. Prentiss was only rejected by the casting vote
of the Speaker, J. K. Polk. The candidate was sent back to the people. Mr.
Prentiss canvassed the State, and was elected bv an overwhelming vote. During
his brief service in the House, he distinguished himself by his brilliant elo-
quence.
But he had no taste for political life, and soon returned to the bar, and to biv
extended practice. During the financial troubles of 1836, he became embar-
rassed, and removed to New Orleans for a wider practice. He soon mastered the
system of jurisprudence of Louisiana, and the principles of the civil law, and be-
came a lender of the bar, and continued so until broken down by ill health. Nor
did he confine himself to his professional duties. He waa distinguished for his
A&IERICAN OBITUARY FOR 1850. 319
love and knowledge of literature, and he took part in many of the philanthropic
movements in that city. His intellect was singularly acute and logical, his read*
ing was fall and general, and his memory retentive. Of a brilliant imagination and
sparklinff wit, his social qualities endeared him to his numerous friends, and by
toem will his name be held in fond remembrance.
July 9. — In Philadelphia, Adam Ramagey aged 80. He was a natiye of Scot-
land, out had been in this country more than fifly years. His name is identified
with an imprnvement in the printing-press, the first succes^ul experiment to ad-
vance the utility of that powerful engine as it existed a century ago. The print-
ing machine then in general use was the old English box or screw press. By a
modification of the shape of the screw, Mr. Ramage made this more expeditious
in its work, and less laborious for the workman. His press was generally adopt-
ed in this country, and by common consent denominated the Ramage press. For
many years but few other printing-machines were in use, and even to this day, for
some purposes, it is the best that has been invented.
Jan. 20. — In London, Eng., O. Rich. He was for many years Consul of the
United States at Valencia and Port Mahon, where he was also naval store-'
keeper. He was well known to the literary community as a collector of rare
books and manuscripts.
May 11. — In Charleston, S. C, Hon. John 8. Richardson^ aged 73, an Asso-
ciate Judge of the Courts of General Sessions and Common Pleas of the State of
South Carolina, and Presiding Judge of the Law Court of Appeals. Judge Rich-
ardson had been a member and Speaker of the House of Representatives of South
Carolina, Attorney-General of the State, in which latter omce he was the prede-
cessor of the eloquent and gifled Hayne, and a member of its judiciary for thirty-
two years. He was elected a member of Congress from the Sumter District in
1820, but, owing to some unforeseen exigency in his private afiTairs, he declined
to qualify, and retained his seat on the bench.
May. — In Louisiana, M. M, Robinson, Esq., a distinguished lawyer and re-
porter of the Supreme Court of that State. The sixteen volumes of re])ort8
which he has published evince great labor and fidelity, and his marginal notes
are models of exactness.
Jan. 7. — In Richmond. Va., Hon. John Scott, aged 68. He was a prominent
member of the Senate of Virginia fVom 1811-13, and of the Convention which
in 1829 formed the present constitution of the State. His labors were especially
directed, with indefatigable zeal, to the preservation of the independence of the
judiciary. In the first session of the Assembly under the new constitution, in
1830-31, he was appointed Judge of the Sixth Circuit, Third Judicial District, and
a Judge of the General Court In the new construction of this last court, and
the establishment of the Special Court of Appeals, in March, 1848, he was con-
stituted one of the five members of those two courts, and so remained until his
death. In the discharge of all his judicial duties he displayed an exemplary
uprightness, ability, and dignity, which rank his name among the most illustrious
judges who have adorned the judicial history and illustrated the jurisprudence of
Virginia.
Dec. 6. — In Philadelphia, William Short, aced 91. He was a native of Vir-
Jinia, and graduated at William and Mary's College in the same class with Chief
ustice Marshall, and was distinguished by the highest collegiate honors. He
was a member of the Executive Council of Virginia at an early age, and on the
appointment of Mr. Jefferson as Minister to France by the Congress of the Con-
federation, in 1784, was joined with him as Secretary of Legation. He pos-
sessed in a high degree the respect and friendship of that great statesman,
although their sentiments on some public questions were not always the same ;
and their intimacy and correspondence continued until the close of Mr. Jefier-
son's life. On the organization of the present government of the United States,
Mr. Short was appointed Charg* d'Affaires to the French Republic by President
Washington ; and he had the honor of holding the first executive commission
signed by him, and of being the first citizen of the United States nominated and
appointed to a public office under the Federal Constitution. During the admin-
istration of General Washintrton, who evinced for him high personal regard, he
was successively appointed Minister Resident at the Hague, and Commissioner,
and subBequentiy Minister, to Spain. The state papers of which he was the
320 AMERICAN OBITUARY FOR 1850.
aathor, and eipecialW those connected with the very important negotiations rel-
ative to the Spanish boundaries and rights, in connection with Florida and the
Mississippi, which resulted in the treaty of 1795, are marked by gieat clearness,
ability, good temper, and research.
July 1. — In Salem, Mass., Hon. Nathaniel Silsbeef aged 77. Mr. Silsbee was
a distinguished and successful merchant, and in the course of his long life en-
joyed the respect and confidence of his fellow-citizens. He often occupied a
seat in each of the branches of the Massachusetts Legislature, aiid was President
of the Senate from 1823 to 1826. He represented one of the districts of Essex
County in Congress from 1816 to 1820. lu the spring session of 1826, on the
resignation of Hon. James Lloyd, Mj. Silsbee was elected to supply his place in
the Senate, and was afterwards reelected for a full term. He continuea in the
Senate until 1835. Mr. Silsbee was the firm supporter of tlie administration of
John Quincy Adams, and the moment after the election was over, and Mr. Adams
defeated, Mr. Silsbee offered to give up his seat in the Senate, that Mr. Adams
might take his place ', but Mr. Adams absolutely declined it.
March 22. — In Jackson, Miss., Col. Samuel Stamps, Secretary of State. He
had been twice elected to that office, and he enjoyed the public confidence in a
high degree, and his sterling qualities secured to him numerous friends in private
lite.
July 28. — - In Boston, suddenly, Capt. Jonah Sturgis, aged 56, commander of
the revenue cutter Hamilton, and a well-known citizen.
April 28. — In Washington, D. C, Capt. G. W. Taylor, aged 42, the proprietor
of the famous diving-bell, and the inventor of the India-rubber camels.
July 9. — At 10 o'clock and 35 minutes, P. M., in Washington^ I>. C, Zachary
Tttulor, President of the United Stales, aged 65.
ZTichary Taylor, the third son of Colonel Richard Taylor, was born in Orange
County, Virginia, on the 24th of September, 1784. His father removed to Ken-
tucky the following year. On the 3d of May, 1808, he received from President
Jefferson a commission as First Lieutenant of the seventh regiment of the
United States Infantry, being then in the 24th year of his age. In 1810, he mar-
ried Miss Margaret Smith, of a highly respectable family in Maryland. On
the breaking out of the war of 1812, Taylor, then a captain, was placed in com-
mand of Fort Harrison, a stockade fort on the Wabash River, ^nd nimed for
Brigadier-General, afterwards President, Harrison. His gallantry during the
attacks of the hostile Indians on thai post is a part of history, and gave the first
promises of the military renown whicn he afterwards achieved. For his heroic
aefence of this fort, he was brevetted Major. Throughout the war he distin-
guished himself in several actions with the Indians. He was with General Hop-
kins in the attack on the Prophet's Town, and was complimented by him as one
who had rendered " prompt and effectual support in every instance.''
On the reduction of the army, after the war, he was reduced from a majority to
a captaincy, a step backward that he could not consent to, and he resigned his
commission. He was, however, reinstated as a Major by President Madison, in
the course of the year, and in 1816 was placed in command of the post at Green
Bay, on Lake Michigan. On the 20th of April, 1819, he received the commissioo
of Lieutenant-Colonel, and in 1832 was made Colonel bv President Jackson.
He served gallantly under Scott in the Black Hawk war of 1832, and subsequently
held the command, of Fort Crawford, at Prairie du Chien, where he remained
till 1836. The Seminole war then took him to Florida, in which harassing duty
he acquired a fame only surpassed by that which he won during the Mexican
campaign. The battle of Okeechobee, fought on the 25th of December, 1837,
gained for him the rank of Brigadier-General by brevet ; and in 1838, the com-
mand of all the troops in Florida was assigned to him. General Jesup being re-
lieved at his own request. Here he remained until April, 1840, when he was re-
lieved by General Armistead.
General Taylor was then appointed to the command of the Southwestern divis-
ion of the array, and in 1841 he was ordered to relieve General Arbuckle at Fort
Gibson. He removed his family about this time to Baton Rouge, Louisiana,
where he had purchased an estate. He had little leisure, however, for domestic
enjoyments ; and in 1845, on the annexation of Texas, he was ordered to place
his troops in such a position as to defend Texas against a threatened Mexican in-
CHRONICLE OF EVENTS FOR 1849. 321
▼asion. In August of that year, he concentrated his troops at Corpus Christi,
where be remained until the 11th of March, 1846, when he broke up his en-
camonient and moved westward the army of occupation, a small force of some
4,000 regulars. On the ^th of March he reached the Colorado, which he
passed without resistance, and arrived at the Rio Grande, opposite Matamoras,
on the 29th of that month. On the 8th of May of the same year, he gained the
▼ictory of Palo Alto ; on the 9th of May, the victory of Resaca de la Falma ; on
the 21st, 22d, and 23d of September, the victory of Monterey 3 and on the 22d
and 23d of February, 1847, the glorious victory of Buena Vista, in which 6,000
men, mostly volunteers, repulsed with terrible loss the Mexican army of 20,000
men under General Santa Anna. During the autumn of 1847, he returned to his
residence in Baton Rouge. On the Ist of June, 1848, he was nominated for the
Presidency by the Whig Convention in Philadelphia. On the 7th of November,
1848, he was elected President of the United States, and on the 4th of the fol-
lowing March was inaugurated.
The administration of President Taylor is still fresh in the recollections of
all, and has become a part of history. Its chief characteristics were the desire
to cultivate peaceful and friendly relations with foreign powers, so far as was con-
sistent with national honor and dignity, and to maintain the union and prosperity
of the States at home.
General Taylor leaves a widow, one son, and two daughters ; one married to
Dr. Wood, surgeon of the United States army, and the other to Colonel W. W.
S. Bliss^ of the army. Another daughter, now dead, was married to Colonel Jef-
ferson Davis, Senator from Mississippi.
Feb. — In Chicago, Hon. Isaac B. Thomai, of the Supreme Court of Illinois.
Aug. 14.-— In Nashville, Tenn., Dr Gerard Troost, for a long period a Profes-
sor in the University of Nashville, and for a number of years Geologist of the
State of Tennessee.
In Philadelphia, Commodore Daniel Thirnerf U. S. N. Commodore Turner
was a native of New York. His first commission bore date January 1st, 1^08,
and his rank as Captain was reached March 3d, 1835. During the battle of Lake
Erie, in 1814, he commanded the Caledonia, and materially aided the gallant
Perry in gaining that decisive victory. In testimonv of his services on that day,
the State of New York presented him with a sword.
Feb. 13. — At Fort Constitution, Portsmouth, N. H., Brevet LieuL-Col. Rich-
ard D. A. Wade^ of the third regiment of U. S. Artillery, a brave officer, whose
gallantry in the Florida and Mexican wars gained for him a brevet in each. He
was badly wounded at the battle of Churubusco.
Aug. 29. — In Kentucky, iioAfirt TTicA/i^c, Jr., late Chargfe d'Affaires to Sar-
dinia.
April 19. — In Savannah, Ga., Edward Wiley, Esq.. a native of New York, but
for nvore than thirty years a resident of Savannah. In the year 1842, Mr. Wiley
had the misfortune to fail in business. He made a compromise with his creditors,
paying all of them some fifty cents on the dollar, and obtaining a full release.
About two years since, having repaired his losses, he voluntarily came forward
and paid up the entire balance.
July 25. — In New York city, John Wood, aged 60, an eminent merchant and
a distinguished friend of many of the philanthropic institutions of that city.
CHRONICLE OF EVENTS.
1849.
Aug. 20. — By letter of this date. Major Emory informs Colonel Abert of the
Topographical Engineers that a river of forty feet wide, and more than waist
deep witn good, drinkable water, broke forth from the desert between the Gila
River and Uie mountains (probably) between the 20th of June and 1st of July of
this year.
399 CHRONICLK OF ETENTS FOR 1849.
Aug. 21 . — A meeting of the citizens of Santa Tii County, New Mexico, is held,
to consult upon the question of the organization of a proper territorial govern-
ment.
Aug. 22. — SeTior Amaral, Governor of Macao, is assassinated by six China-men.
Auff- 22. —The fortress of Moultan is destroyed by a freshet, '' remaining an
islana of mud in the expanse of waters.''
Aug. 23.— A public meeting is held in St. Augustine, Fa.» and continued by
adjournment to August 25, in relation to Indian outrages in that State, and the
petitioning the general ffovernment for the removal of all Indians from the State.
Aug. 25— DeTromelin, the French admiral, takes possession of, and disman-
tles, the fort, &.C., at Honolulu, Sandwich Islands, the government of the Islands
refusing to comply with his demands. Afler three days he gives back possession
to the government.
Aug. 29. —The Russians, after a siege of four months, carry by assault the for-
tress of Achulj^a, the residence of Schamyl, the celebrated Circassian chief.
Sept. 1. •— Mr. (javan Duffy publishes a new series of the Nation newspaper, the
Habeas Corpus Suspension Act having expired August 31.
Sept. 1. — The convention for framing a constitution for California meets at
Monterey, and, a majority of delegates not being in attendance, adjourns to Sep-
tember 3d.
Sept. 4. — The California convention is organized by the -choice of officers.
Robert Semple is elected President of the convention.
Sept 12. — General Mariano Paredes, Cx-President of Mexico, dies iiNhe city
of Mexico, afler along and painful illness.
Sept. 12. — Eighteen American citizens in Paris, France, address a letter to
Dabney S. Carr, the American Minister at Constantinople, urging him to exert
the most strenuous interference to "Assist in saving the Hungarian refugees in
Turkey.
Sept. 12. — Pope Pius IX., from Naples, issues a manifesto to his well-beloved
subjects, promising certain reforms in government, and a limited amnesty to po-
litical offenders.
Sept. 13. — Marshal Radetzky is received at Vienna with great rejoicings.
Sept. 14. — Copies of an Abolition circular are received at Pendfleton, South
Carolina, directeci to members of the Committee of Vigilance. They are de-
manded of the postmaster, and, on his refusal to deliver, are taken from him and
burned.
Sept. 15. — The Sultan formally refuses to deliver up Kossuth and his col-
leagues on the demand of Austria and Russia, and diplomatic relations with the
ambassadors of those powers are broken off.
Sept. 15. ^ At Vienna, Strauss, the famous musical composer, dies.
Sept 19. — The Council of State at Rome, in accordance with the manifesto of
the Pope of September 12th, announce pardon to political offenders in the last
revolution, excepting the members of the Triumvirate; of the government of the
Republic ; of the Provisional Government ; active members of the Constituent
.\ssembly *, chiefs of military corps, and those who have forfeited their word of
honor in joining the late political movements. It is said that not fewer than
13,325 persons are thus excluded from the amnesty.
Sept. 19. — The convict ship Neptune arrives m Simon's Bay, C. G. H., and
causes great excitement
Sept. 22. — General Twiggs has an interview with the chiefk of the Florida
Indians at Charlotte Harbour. They promise to surrender the perpetrators of the
recent outrages.
Sept. 24. — Robert Murphy, Deputy Sheriff, while engaged in serving process,
is shot near Rensselaerville, N. Y., by a person in disguise, and dies soon after.
Afler being wounded, he is refused help by some females because he is a sheriff.
Sept. 27. — A large fire at Owego, Tioga County, N. Y., destroys 75 buildings,
leaving but three shops in the village standing.
Sept. 27. — The fortress of Comorn surrenders to the Austrians.
Sept. 28. — All the Opera-House rioters in New York that were arraigned are
convicted.
Sept. 28. — Sir John Richardson arrives at the Sault Ste Marie, on his way back
to England from his fruitless search afler Sir John Franklin.
CHRONICLE OF EVENTS FOR 1849- 333
Oct. 1. — The convention for remodelling the constitntion of Kentucky as-
sembles at Frankfort.
Oct. 4. — A communication from the Secretary to the Admiralty, England, is
made public, announcing the receipt of intelligence that Sir John Franklin's ships
had been seen in the ice at Prince Regent's Inlet, and those of Sir James Ross
on the south of Prince Regent^s Inlet, as late as March last, and that the vessels
of both expeditions were safe. The news is brought by the whaler Truelove,
Caotain Parker, arrived at Hull, October 3d, from Davis's Straits.
Oct 7. — Count Louis Batthyanyi, late Prime Minister of Hungary, is shot at
Pesth, at the sole urgency of Haynau.
Oct. 8. — A meeting is held in London to elicit public opinion as to the loan
of 7,000,000/., advertised for bv the Austrian government in the English papers.
Oct. 9 and 10. -— A riot in Pniladelphia breaks out on the evening of the Uth,—
is quelled, — is renewed on the morning of the lOth, and again put down. 'The
quarrel is between a set of whites called '' Killers,'' and negroes. The military
are called in. Four persons are killed and eleven are wounded. Four houses
are burned.
Oct. 10. — An annexation memorial at Montreal, in five hours, receives the
signature of 300 merchants, land -owners, and professional men.
Oct. 10. — The 'initial point" of the boundary line between the United
States and Mexico is settled, and a monument with inscriptions erected, in N.
Lat. 32P 31' 69".58, and in Long. 119o S& 0".15 west from Greenwich.
Oct. 15. — A protest against annexation to the United States is drawn up at
Montreal, and signed by 15 members of the Legislature.
Oct. 15. — By a Treasury circular of this date, and by a letter of October 12th,
dated Washington, and addressed to Messrs. Barclay & Livingston of New
York, the Secretary of the Treasury states, that after January 1st, 1850, British
vessels from British or other foreign ports will be allowed to enter our ports with
cargoes, the produce of any part of the world, on the same terms as to duties,
imposts, and charges as vessels of the United States and their cargoes.
Oct. 16. — A convention of delegates from 14 States, unanimously in favor of
a central national railroad from the Mississippi to ihe Pacific, assembles at St.
Louis, Mo., and issues an address in favor of that project. Hon. Stephen B.
Douglass of Illinois presides.
Oct. 16. — Mr. Chatfield takes possession, under cover of an armed force, of the
island of Tijzre, in the Gulf of Fonseca and State of Honduras, " in tiie name of
the British Queen.''
Oct. 16. — Captain Chapel, of the whaling bark McLellan, this day arrived at
New London, Conn., brings intelligence that, about the 1st of August last, while
the McLellan was in Pond's Bay, the natives of the coast came on board the
ChieHiain. an English whaler, and gave information by signs that two large ships
were then lying m Prince Regent's Inlet, and had been there fast in the ice for
four seasons, and that the crews were well.
Oct. 19. — The chiefs of the Florida Indians meet General Twiggs in council,
and deliver up to him three of those who had committed the recent murders in
Florida, and the hands of a fourth whom they bad killed in capturing. The fifth,
a nephew of one of the chiefs, escaped.
Oct. 19. — A convention of the friends of public education meets at Phila-
delphia, and Hon. Horace Mann of IVlassachusetts is elected President. Dele-
gates from fifteen States are in attendance. Oct. SOth. — The convention ad-
journs to meet at Philadelphia on the fourth Wednesdav in August, 1850.
Oct. 22. — A special session of the Legislature of Illinois meets to electa
United States Senator, and to consider the question of the construction of a rail-
road across that State, from the Wabash to the Mississippi, opposite St. Louis.
Oct 27. — A violent earthquake is noticed by Mr. Squier in Leon de Nicara-
gua. One shock lasted two minutes, and there were seven shocks in ten minutes.
Oct. 28. — By a letter of this date, it is announced in the Quebec Mercury,
that the Governor-General of Canada, in council, had determined to acquiesce
in the desire of the Legislative Assembly, expressed in their address of Mav 19th.
1849, that the seat of government should be held alternately at Toronto and Que-
bec ; and that, in consequence, the government will be immediately removed to
Toronto, there to remain till the expiration of the present Parliament, after which
it will be transferred to Quebec for the four following years.
834 OHMNicitK or kwshtu for 1849.
Oct 91. — Looif Kapoleon informi bis ministen, that tfaej are wanting in dig-
nity. They resign, ana a new ministry is formed.
Oct. 31. — A remarkable meteoric stone falls in Charlotte, N. C, accompanied
by a rumbling noise and sudden explosion.
NoY. 1. — The first Territorial Legislature of Minesota closes its sitting of 60
days.
Nov. 3. — The High Judges of France, under the new constitution, are in-
stalled.
Nov. 8. — Mr. Rives, the American Minister to the French Republic, presents
his credentials to the President, Louis JSapoleon.
Nov. 9. — M. Poussin, the late French Minister to the United States, sails from
New York for France, with his family.
Nov. 11. — The Investigator and Enterprise, Sir James Ross's vessels, arrive
in London on their return from their fruitless Arctic expedition.
Nov. 12. — The political trials at Versailles are brought to a close ; 11 are ac-
quitted, 20 are convicted and sentenced, 17 to transportation for life, and 3 to
imprisonment for five years.
Nov. 12. — The ship Caleb Grimshaw takes fire at sea, and burns until the 16th,
when 339 of the passengers and crew are saved by Capt. David Cook, of the
British bark Sarah. Sixty of the passengers, who leH, the vessel on a raft on
the 13th, were lost.
Nov. 15. — Ledru Rol1in,and 30 other accused persons absent from trial, are
sentenced by the Versailles court to transportation for life.
Nov. 15. —Funeral honors are paid in New York to the memory of General
Worth, and of Colonels Duncan and Gates. The eulogy is delivered by John
Van Buren.
Nov. 15. — The steamboat '* Louisiana,'' while putting out from the Levee in
New Orleans with a large number of passengers, is blown up 5 her boilers ex-
ploding and carrying away, not only ner own cabin and decks, but also the jar-
Doard side of the '' Storm," and the starboard of the " Bostona," which lie on
either side. About 60 persons are killed on the spot j nearly 80 are seriously
injured, many of whom die from the effect of their wounds, and 12 are missing.
Nov. 19. —The survey of the section of the boundary line of Pennsylvania,
Delaware, and Maryland, comprising a greater part of Mason and Dixon's line,
authorized by the Legislatures of the respective States under a joint commission ,
is completed.
Nov. 20. — The pirate fleet in the Bay of Tonquin, is destroyed by an expedi-
tionjrom Hong Kong, under Commander Hay.
Nov. 20. — General Rostolan is relieved of the command of the French army
at Rome, by General Baraguay d'Hilliers.
Nov. 30. — Portions of a human body are found in a vault connected with the
laboratory at the Medical College, in Boston, occupied by Professor John White
Webster. They are supposed to be parts of the body of Dr. George Parkman, a
wealthy citizen of Boston, who has been missing for a week. The same evening
Professor Webster is arrested and committed to the jail in Leverett Street.
Dec. 1. — Ebenezer Elliott, the '' Corn Law Rhymer," dies.
Dec. 2. — Adelaide, the Queen Dowager of England, dies.
Dec. 5. — The formal protest of Austria against the central parliament sum-
moned by Prussia to meet at Erfurt, reaches Berlin.
Dec. 10. — At Lima, Peru, the British Charge d'Affaires, H. S. Sullivan, is
horsewhipped by Z. B. Potter, the American Consul, f^r, an insult to his wife.
Dec. 12. — Sir Isambard Brunei, the engineer of the Thames Tunnel, dies in
London.
Dec. 12. — An ironworkers' convention is held at Albany, N. Y. Delegates
from eight States are present.
Dec. 14. — The grand jurv in New Orleans, after hearing the testimony of Rey
and Morantes, refuse to nnd a true bill against the Spanish Consul for the abduc-
tion of Rey,
Dec. 15. — A committee on the part of the Senate is appointed to inform the
President that the Senate is *' organized, and ready to receive any communication
which he may think proper to make to them in relation to matters which are
within the sphere of their separate constitutipnal action."
CHRONICLB OP STENTS FOR 1850. 325
Dec. SO. — The Archduke John resigns his headship of the Central Power at
Frankfort.
Dec. 20. — The resolution to tender a seat within the Senate of the United
States to Father Matthew^ is passed, afler discussion, by 33 yeas to 18 nays.
Dec. 21. — The House of Kepresentatiyes, on the 63d trial, elect the Hon.
Howell Cobb, of Georgia, Speaker, by 102 votes out of 222. His leading com-
petitor, Hon. R. C. Winthrop, receives 100 votes.
Dec. 22. — An extensive sugar-refinery of Messrs. Woolsey Sc Co., of New
York, is destroyed by fire, at a loss of ff 250,000.
Dec. 24. — A large fire at San Francisco, Cal., consumes jjf 1,500,000 worth of
property.
Dec. 29. — A wide erewme in the Levee of the Mississippi occurs at Bonnet
Carr6, about 40 miles above New Orleans.
Dec. — A scheme of rebellion in the city of Mexico, to restore Santa Anna, is
discovered and suppressed. Two editors, five officers of distinction, and 27 oth-
ers, are shot in an attack on the President's palace.
1850.
Jan. 1. — Louis Napoleon creates his uncle, tSeneral Jerome Bonaparte, be-
tween whom and himself there had been a coolness. Field Marshal of France.
Jan. 4. •— The exaquatur of SeAor Carlos de Espafla, Spanish Consul at New
Orleans, is revoked by President Taylor.
Jan. 9. — The Sardinian Chambers ratify, by a vote of 112 to 17, the treaty con-
cluded with Austria at Milan on the 6th of August last
Jan. 9. — The home government announce to Lord Elgin, Governor of Can-
ada, that " Her Majesty confidently relies on the loyalty of the great majority of
her Canadian subjects, and she has'therefore determined to exert all the authority
that belongs to her for the purpose of maintaining the connection of Canada
with this government, being persuaded that the permanence of that connection
is highly advantageous to botn."
Jan. 11. — The royal commission for promoting the exposition of industry and
arts in 1851, holds its first sitting in the new palace, Westminster.
Jan. 11. — On the 20th vote, Thomas J. Campbell, of Tennessee, is elected
Clerk of the House of Representatives.
Jan. 11. — An Arctic expedition in search of Sir John Franklin, consisting of
the Enterprise, Captain Coiiinson, and the Investigator, Commander McClure,
sails from Woolwich.
Jan. 12. —The New York packet-ship Hottingner strikes on a ledge of rocka
off Wexford, Ireland, and is lost.
Jan. 13. — Orders arrive at Cape Town, C. O. H., to remove the Neptune
convict-ship to Van Diemen's Land.
Jan. 15. — The Hungarian exiles call upon President Taylor, and the usual in-
terchange of greetings takes place.
Jan. 15. -—The House of Representatives, on the 8th tivd voce vote, elect A.
J. Glossbrenner, of Pennsylvania, Sergeant-at-arms.
Jan. 18. — Another crevasse in the bank of the Mississippi occurs at Sauve'a
plantation.
Jan. 18. — A public meeting is held in London, In conseouence of the Emperor
of Russia's advertising, through the Messrs. Baring, for a loan of 5,500.000/., to
complete the Moscow and St. Petenburg Railway. Mr. Cobdenis present, and
makes a speech.
Jan. 19. —The House of Representatives, by 100 yeas to 98 na^s, vote to post-
pone until March 1, 1851, the further order for the election of officen or the
House, which vote continues in ofiice the Doorkeeper, R. £. Hornor, and the
Postmaster, J. M. Johnson , of the last Congress.
Jan. 19. — The Spanish Minister at Washiiigton complains to the Secretary of
State of the Cuba Juntas at New York, New Orleans, and Washington.
Jan. 21.-— The chiefs and six sub-chiefs of the Seminoles and Nlicasukie Indi-
ans, and a delegate fVom the Tallahassees, meet General Twiggs in council, and
98
8S)6 CHRONICLB OF EVENTS POR 1850.
•greeto remoTe west of the MiMistippi, and to tiy to peraaade their people to
do 80.
Jan. 23. — A common-school convention, composed of delegates from all parts
of Maryland, assembles in Baltimore.
Jan. 26. •— Lord Jeffrey, eminent as a judge of the Supreme Court of Scot-
land, but more famous for his long connection with the Edinburgh Review, dies
at Edinburgh.
Jan. 28. — Collector Maiwell, in New York, discbarges 166 officers from the
Custom-House, the act limiting the expense of collecting the revenue requiring
their dismissal.
Feb. 2. — The French ministry sustain a defeat upon the project of transferring
the prefecture of the Department of the Loire from Monthrison to St. £tienne.
It is rejected by a vote of 335 to 260.
Feb. 4. — A steam-boiler in Mr. A. V. Taylor's machine establishment, in
Hague Street, New York, bursts, throws down the building, and sets it on fire.
By this accident; 67 are killed or die from their wounds, 30 are injured, and 6
are missing.
Feb. 6. — The King of Prussia and the two Chambers take the oath to the
new constitution in the Hall of Knights.
Feb. 8. — Lord John Russell, in the House of Commons, declares it to be
** our bounden duty to maintain the colonies which have been put under our
charge."
Feb. 9- 11. — A military expedition, 3,500 strong, against tribes in the Pesh-
awar, under Colonel Bradshaw, has several severe struggles with the natives.
Feb. 12. — The orisinal manuscript copy of Washington's Farewell Address is
sold at auction at Philadelphia, for $ 2,300.
Feb. 19. — The news that the British government has accepted the mediation
of the French government is received at Athens with demonstrations of joy.
Feb. 22. — President Taylor attends the laying of the Qorner-stone of the
Washioffton Monument at Richmond, Va.
Feb. &. — Intelliffence is received at Canton, from Pekin, of the death of the
Emperor of China, Tau Kwang, aged 69, afler a reign of 29 years. He is suc-
ceeded bv his fourth son, affed 19, under the title of Szehing.
Feb. 26. — The Senate of Kentuckv lays on the table, by a vote of 26 to 9, res-
olutions for appointing delegates to the Nashville Convention.
Feb. — A great eruption of Mount Vesuvius takes place.
March 6. •— The opening of the first completed tube of the Britannia Bridge
is accomplished.
March 5. — M. le Gros, the French Ambassador, arrives in Athens, to mediate
between Great Britain and Greece, and the blockade of Athens is temporarily
raised.
March 7. — The steamer Orville St. Johns is burned near Montgomery, Ala.,
and 30 persons lose their lives.
March 8. — A reward of 20,000/. is offered by the British government for the
discovery and effectual relief of her Majesty's ships, the Erebus and Terror, or
10,000^. for the discovery and effectual relief of any of the crew of the vessels,
or for ascertaining their fate.
March 8. — The judicial committee of the Privy Council decide, in the case of
Gorham v. The Bishop of Exeter, that the Bishop has not shown sufficient
cause for not inductinff Mr. Gorbaro into Uie vicarage.
March 12. — The bill probibitiog the officers and citizens of Ohio from taking
any steps to assist in the recapture of fugitive slaves is defeated in the House,
tiie question beinff upon its final passage.
March 13.— The Austrian government hj note of this date approves the fun-
damental principles in the draft of the Munich constitution, and will concur in
caririnff it out, " if the whole Austrian empire may join the confederation.''
March 15. — The Erfurt Parliament assembles.
March 22. — The Wurtemberg Ambassador at Berlin, Baron Hugel, is informed
by a note, that the King of Prussia is astonished and indignant at the language <^
the King of Wurtemberg to his States, on March 15, and that the Prussian Ambas-
sador at the Wurtemberg court has been ordered to leave Stuttgard, with all the
members of his embassv. Baron Hugel asks for his passporta.
March 23. — The Erfurt Parliament adjourns over until after Easter.
GfHRONICLB OF ETKNTB FOlt 1850. 397
March 23. — In the case of Professor John W. Webster, at 11 d'clock in the
eveninff, after a trial of six days, the jurj find and bring in a verdict of guilty.
March 24. -» The steamer Troy, from Sandusky, while entering the Niagara
River, near Buffalo, explodes her Doiler, and kills 12 of her passengers and crew.
March 27. — A boat from the brig Arabian, on a trip of exploration to Trini-
dad Ba^, is capsized on the bar, and John H. peoples, Lieutenants Bache and
Browning, and two others, are drowned.
March 28.— The Arkansas State Penitentiary is burned. The coavicts are
saved.
March 29. — The select committee of inTestisation on the chaises brought by
Preston King against Speaker Cobb report that there is no ground for the
charges.
March 90.-* A great Union meeting is held in St. Louis, Mo.
April 1. — President Louis Napoleon is treated with marked disrespect in the
Faubourg St Antoine.
April 1. — Capt. John Hunt, of the brig John Hill, for Bristol, R. 1.. fVom Car-
denas, abandoned at sea, was picked up by Captain Dunbar, of the bark Sher-
wood, after having been for 36 hours doating in the water on a part of the ca»
boose-house.
April 9. — Baron Gros and Mr. Wyse are unable to continue their negotiations.
April 13. — Pope Pius the Ninth returns to Rome.
April 13. — Captain Penny's expedition, consistins of the Lady Franklin and
the Sophia, Capiain Stewart, sails from Peterhead, for the Arctic regions, pro-
visioned for three years.
April 15. — A fatal catastrophe occurs at Angers, France. As a battalion of
troops is crossing the bridge, it breaks, the men are thrown into the stream, and
nearly 300 of the soldiers and the town's people fbUowing them are lost.
April 17. — Richard M. Young, of Illinois, is on the ninth vote elected Clerk of
the House of Representatives at Washington, in place of Mr. Campbell, de-
ceased.
April 19. — The select committee of thirteen, known as the Compromise
Committee, is elected by ballot in the Senate. Mr. Clay is chosen chairman of
the committee by the Senate.
April 20. — The people of Santa F6 County, New Mexico, hold a eonvention,
and request Col. Jonn Munroe, the Governor of New Mexico, to call upon the
citizens to elect members for a convention to form a State constitution.
April 21. — Another conference between Baron Gros and Mr. Wyse termi-
nates unsatisfactorily. Baron Gros officially communicates to the Greek gov-
ernment that his mission is ended.
April 23. — Colonel Munroe issues his proclamation for an election, May 6th,
for members of a convention, to be held May 15th, at Santa F4.
April 23. — William Wordsworth, the poet, and Poet Laureate, dies at his
residence at Rydal Mount, ased 80.
April 25. — Distinguished raneral honors are paid in Charleston, S. C, by the
State, to the memoir of Mr. Calhoun.
April 25. — The Queen's Bench, Lord Campbell delivering the opinion, sus-
tains the decision of the Arches Court in Gorham v. Bishop of Exeter.
April 27. ~- The steamer Anthony Wayne, on her trip from Sandusky to Buf-
falo, explodes her boilers, and sinks in 20 minutes. 38 of her passengers and
crew are killed or missing.
April 27. — Collins's line of steam-packets goes into operation. The steamer
Atlantic sails from New York for Liverpool.
May 4. — Captain Austin's Arctic expedition, of four vessels, leaves Green*
hithe, on its Northern voyase.
May 6. — The CompromMe Committee report the Omnibus Bill to the Senate.
May 6. — The Ohio constitutional convention assembles at Columbus. Wil-
liam Medill is elected President.
May 6. — By the giving way of the reservoir in Ashbnmham, Mass., the water
in which covered 150 acres, damage to the amount of $ 200,000 is done to
bridges, factories, mills, and houses on the river, for seven miles.
my 7. — The Protectionists meet in large numbers in London, to consult ** on
the present alarming condition of agriculture and other native interesla."
328 CHRONICLE or ETBNTa FOR 1850.
May 7. — A meeting of Southern members of both Hooaes of Congress 'u held
at Washington, and reports an address to the people of the Southern States.
May 13. — The Berlin Conference of Princes decides that a ministry be ap-
pointed for the Erfurt Bund, and that Prussia should appoint it.
May 14. — The Republic newspaper at Washington jpasses from Messrs. Bul-
litt & Sargent, as editors, to Mr. Allen A. Hall, late of Tennessee.
May 15. — The three divisions of the Cuban expedition, in all 609 men, when
near the island of Mugeres, off the coast of Yucatan, are concentrated on board
the steamer Creole.
May 16. — The French Minister of War in the Assembly announces, ** that the
President of the Republic had given orders to recall from London our Ambas-
sador/'
May 17. — Governor Roberts of Liberia writes to the secretary of the Coloni-
zation Society, that he has succeeded in purchasing the noted slave-factory at
GallinaSjthe last point at which the slave-trade has been carried on for ISOO^miles
of the coast, for $ 9,500.
May 18. — A larae fire occurs at Corning, N. Y. The business portion of the
Tillage is consumed, at a loss of ^ 300,000.
May 19. — Between 2 and 3 o'clock, A. M., General Lopez, in the steamer
Creole, reaches Cardenas and disembarks his men. Skirmishing ensues, and
soon after sunrise the town surrenders. The invaders hold possession of the
place during the day. In the evening, after another slight skirmish, the invaders
go on boarathe Creole and leave Cardenas. The loss of the invaders is from 30
to 40 killed and wounded. That of the Cubans is large.
May 21. — The steamer Creole, closely pursued by the Spanish war-steamer
Pizarro, arrives at Key West, with the invaders, who immediately disembark.
The Pizarro anchors near her for the day, and on the evening of the 22d sails.
May 21.— -The steamer Creole is seized by the United States revenue officers
at Key West.
May 22. — The remains of Ez-President Polk are removed from their tempo-
rary resting-place in the cemetery, and deposited in the private family vault
May 23. — The Advance and Rescue, the two vessels equipped by the munifi-
cent liberality of Mr. Henry Grinnell, of New York, to discover Sir John Frank-
lin, sail from New York.
May 24. — Sir John Ross and Commander Phillips leave Lochryan, on their
expedition in search of Sir John Franklin.
May 27. — General Lopez is arrested at Savannah, for his connection with the
Cuban expedition, and, no delay being granted by the District Judge to procure
evidence against him, he is discharged amid the cheers of the crowd.
May 27. — The Mormon temple at Nauvoo is destroyed by a hurricane.
May 27. — Prince Albert, ChanceUor of the University at Cambridge, advises
the authorities of the University not to resist the royal commission.
May 27. — The Court of Common Pleas, England, sustains the decision of
the Queen's Bench, in the cause Gorham n. Bishop of Exeter.
May 31. — The Electoral Law passes the French Assembly, without any im-
portant amendment.
May 31. — The freedom of the city of London is presented to Lord Gough.
May. — The King of Prussia is shot in the arm by a pistol, discharged by a
man by the name of Sefeloge.
May. — Parliament meets in the new House of Commons.
June 3. — The Southern Convention meets at Nashville, Tenn., and in the
afternoon organizes by the choice of William L. Sharkey, of Mississippi, aa
President.
June 3. — The French ministry propose to the Assembly to increase the salary
of the President of the Republic to 3,600,000 francs per annum.
June 7. — ** The piratical expedition to Cuba " is toe subject of discussion in
the House of Lords.
June 7. — Lord John Russell announces that the great seal is to be put in
commission ; commissioners to be Lord Langdale, Sir Launcelot Shad well, and
Sir Robert Monsey Rolfe.
June 14. — Another destructive fire in San Francisco destroys 300 houses, at
an estimated Iocs of $ 5,000,000.
June 17. — At 4 o'clock, A. M., the steamer Griffitli, on her passage from Erie
CflROMlGtje or ETBNT8 FOR 1850. ^9
to CleTeland, is btirned to the water's edge. Oat of 3S0 pasfengera and crew,
between 30 and 40 only are saved.
June 18. — The House of Lords passes a vote of censure apon the ministry
for their conduct in Greece, by a vote of 169 to 132.
June 19. — A convention is held at Worcester, Mass., to devise means for the
better observance of the SaU>ath.
June 20.— The elections nndtor the State constitatioii of New Meiico are
held.
June SD. — The number of emigrants to California passing Fort Laramie, and
registered to date, are, men, 32,740 ; women, 493 } children, 591 : of mules,
6,726 ; oien, 21w418 ; cows, 3,186 ; horses, 28,798 j and wagons, 7,586.
June 21. — The Minister of Foreign AflTairs announces to the French Assembly
the adjnstment of the Greek question, ** the French cabinet having accepted on
the 20th of June, in substance, what it had previously proposed to tl\^ £nglish
cabinet on the 14th of May, before the recall of its Ambassador."
June 24.— The Dotation Bill passes the French Assembly, by the influence of
General Changamier, by a vote of 364 to 308. It allows the President the sum of
2,160,000 francs.
June 25. — ^A railroad jubilee at Burlington, Vt., celebrates the union by rail-
mad of tiie waters of the Lakes and the Atlantic.
June 27. — Queen Victoria is struck upon the upper part of the forehead and
on the bonnet, by Robert Pate, an insane person.
June 28.— The English ministry is sustained in the House of ComDM>ns,oB the
Greek question, fay a vote of 310 to 264.
June 29. — Lieutenant De Haven, commanding the Arctic expedition, writes to
the Secretaiy of the Nainr from the Whale Ship Islands, where he arrived June
34, the Rescue reaching him June 27, that he shall this day leave for the North.
June 29. — A portion of Table Rock at Niagara Falls gives way.
June 29. — Sir Robert Peel is thrown from his horse, is severely injured in-
temally^and dies July 3d, aged 62.
June. — The Southern Convention adjourns, and issues an address to the people
of MarylMid, Vii^nia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georffia, Florida, Ala-
bama, Tennessee, Kentucky, Louisiana, Texas, Missouri, and Arkansas.
June.— The Prussian government puts in force the new press edict with great
vigor. Seven journals in Berlin, and thirty in the provinces, are notified that they
are excluded from post*office circulation.
July 1. — Governor Bell, of Texas, calls a special session of tiie Legislature
at Austin, for August 12th.
Julv 8. — Adolphus Frederic, Duke of Cambridge, seventh son of George the
Thiro, dies. He was bom February 24, 1774, and tiad served in the army.
July 9. — An extensive conflaffration rages in Philadelphia, 350 buildings are
burned, and property is consumed to the value of $ 1,600,000. During the fire,
by the falling of buildings and otherwise, 26 are killed, 9 are drowned, 120 are
wounded, and 18 are missing ; in all, 172.
July 9. — At \% P. M., Zachary Taylor, President of the (Jnited States, dies,
afler a brief illness of little more than five days.
July 10. — Commodore Morris, a special agent of the United States to Cuba,
arrives at Havana in the Vixen.
July 12. — Robert Pate is tried, — insanity is proved ; he is found guilty, and
sentenced to transportation for seven years.
July 16. — Forty-two of the Contoy prisoners (passengers) are liberated by the
Spanish authorities, and put on board the Unitea States sloop-of-war Albany, to
be taken to Pensacola. Ten are retained for triaL
July 19. — Hugh N. Smith, Delegate from New Mexico, is refused a seat in
the House of Representatives, by a vote of 106 to 94.
July 19. — A violent gale, accompanied with rain, prevails in New York and
Southern cities.
July 21. —The grand jur^ in the United States District Court, at New Orleans,
returns true bills tor the violation of the act of Congress of 1818, by setting on
foot an expedition acniinst the island of Cuba, against John A. Quitman (Gover-
nor of Mississippi), Judge Cotesworth Pinckney Smith (of the Supreme Court
of Mississippi), John Henderson (late Senator from that State), J. L. O'SuUivan
28*
330 CHRONICLB OF EYEHT9 FOR I860.
ilate editor of the Democratic Reriew), Joha F. Picket (Ute Consal at Turk's
sland), Theodore O'Hara (late Major in the United States Army), C. R. Wbeate,
Peter Smith, A. Gonzalez, Thomaa Theodore Hawkins, W. H. Bell, N, J.
Bunch, L. J. Sieur (State Senatorj, Donation Augustin (Brigadier-General and
Commander of Uie Legion), and Ueaeral Narciso Lopez, muing in all sixteen
persona. Warrants are issued for the arrest of the parties.
July Si. — An affair of outposts takes place between the Panes and Scbleswig-
Holsteiners.
July 26. ~-The battle of Idstedt is fought between the Danes and Schleswig.
Holsteiners, in which the latter are forced to retire, though in good order. The
loss of the Danes is 116 killed, and 2^73 wounded. The loss of the Germans
is not given in General Willisen's report of the battle.
July 27. — General Willisen, of the German army, issues bis proclamation
declarins that the spirit of the army is unbroken.
July 31. — The Compromise Bill, by successive amendments reduced to a Bill
for establiabing a Territorial Government for Utah, is ordered to be engrossed in
the Senate, by a vote of 32 yeas to 14 nays.
July 31. — A railroad convention is held at Portland, Me., in favor of a road
from that city to the British Provinces.
July. — The famous diamond, named the Koh-i-Noor, ^' Mountain of Light,'' is
brought to Eneland. Its value is estimated at $ 2,000,000.
Aug. 5. — Toe admission of Baron Rothschild as a member of the House of
Commons is referred to the next session of Parliament.
Auff. 6. — Rev. George Cornelius Gorham is formally admitted into the vicar>
age of Bramfordspeke, by Sir Herbert Jenner Fust, of the Arches CourL
Aug. 10. — • Sir Launcelot Shadwell, Vice-Chancellor of England, dies.
Aug. 12. — Hon. Edward Everett tenders his collection of public documents
and state papers, which he has been 30 years collecting, to the city of Boston.
Aug. 12. — The Texan Le^slature meets at Austin, and (August 13) Governor
Bell recommends the equipping of two regiments, and that f 34,000 set apart for
a school fund be appropriated to that purpose.
Aug. 17. •— Ashtaoula County Court-House, Ohio, with the records and papers
of the court, is destroyed by fire.
Aug. 24. — A proposition to substitute specific for ad valorem duties, under the
present tariff, is negatived in the House of Representatives, by a vote of 81 to 77.
Aug. 26. — Louis Philippe, ex King of the French, expires at Claremont, Eng-
land. He was 77 years of age.
Aug. 28. — The capstone of the monument to Silas Wright, at Weybridge, Vt,
is this day laid by Greneral Wool, U. S. A.
Aug. 30. — Professor John W. Webster is hung, in the yard of the Leverett
Street jail, Boston.
Aug. — The great Tenant Right Conference assembles in Dublin.
1851.] TITLES AND ABSTRACTS OF THK PUBLIC LAWS. 331
TITLES AND ABSTRACTS OF THE PUBLIC LAWS,
Passed at the First Session of the 31st Congress.
No. 1. An Act further to extend the time for loctUing Virginia miliiary land tDarranta,
and returning euroeye thereon to the General Land-Office, The act of July 5th, 1848, and
its provisions coocerniof all warrants issued prior to Aug. 10, 1840, and no others, are revived
and extended to Jan. 1, 1852. The same right is extended to such warrants issued after
Aug. 10, 1840, if issued justly and legally, and to the person entitled to receive them. Feb.
20, 1850.
No. 2. An Act to carry into ^ect the convention between the United States and the
Emperor of Brazil, of the 27th day of January, 1849. The President shall appoint a
commissioner, at a salary of #3,000, who shall act under oath, and forthwith, at Washing-
ton, shall, under such needful regulations as he may make, receive, examine, and decide upon
all such claims as may be presented to him and provided for by the convention between the
United States and ttie Emperor of Brazil, concluded at Rio de Janeiro, Jan. 27, 1849, accord-
ing to the merits of the several cases, and the principles of justice and equity, the law of na-
tions, and the stipulatioos of the said convention, and award the rataUe proportions of the
several claimants in the sums of money and interest to be received under the stipulations of
the convention } and within one year complete and terminate the duties of the commission.
On the termination of the commission, he shall report a list of the awards, and the Secre-
tary of the Treasury shall distribute ratably among the successful claimants the money re-
ceived under the convention, and shall issue certificates showing the proportion to which
each claimant is entitled, the amount of that certificate to be paid to the legal holders upon
presenution at the Treasury. A cleric, also to be sworn, is appointed, at a salary of #2,000.
The act is to be in force only one year, and at the execution of the coounission, the records,
documents, &c. are to be deposited in the office of the Secretary of State. March 29, 1850.
No. 3. An Act to supply dejicienciee in the appropriatUma for the eervice of thejucal
year ending the 20th of June, 1850. May 15, 1850.
No. 4. An Act providing for the taking of the aeoenth and eubaequent eeneusee of the
United States, and to fs the number of the tnembere of the House of Representatives, and
provide for their future apportionment among the several States. The marshals in the
several States and Territories, or, where there is no marshal, some suitable person appointed
by the President, shall enumerate the inhabitanu and collect other statbtical information,
as provided in this act, and in the instructions of the Secretary of the Interior, omitting In-
dians not taxed, and, in the discretion of said Secretary, all the statistics of Territories ex-
cept population, and shall return the same on or before Nov. 1st, 1850, unless, for reason,
the time is extended by the Secretary. In the Territories, or places where the population is
sparse, officera or persons belonging to the army may be employed, when not prejudicial to
the public service. £ach marshal shall subdivide his district into divisions of not more
than 20,000 persons, unless convenience of boundaries, which shall be known civil divis-
ions, requires a larger number, and shall estimate the squan miles in each subdivision, and
make return to the Secretary of the Interior, and shall appoint an assistant for each subdi-
vision, by a commission under his hand. Neither marshals nor assistants shall commence
their duties until they are sworn to the laitbful discharge thereof. The marshal shall furnish
the assistants with suitable blanks, shall instruct and oversee them in their duty, shall ex-
amine their returns, and cause discrepancies, if any, to be corrected. He shall send one set
of the returns required of the assistants to the Secretary of the Interior, and deposit the
other in the Secretary's office of the State or Territory to which his district belongs. He
shall determine the rate of compensation of his assistants, subject to the final approval of
the Secreury of the Interior, which shall be paid by said Secretary, — one half when the
marshal shall certify that the duty is satisfactorily done, and the other half when, upon
careful examination and classification, the returns are found satisfactory. The marshals
333 ' UNITED STATES. [1861.
■hall also be paid on like conditioiv for their serrices. Each assistant marshal shall obtain all
the information required by this act, by penonal risit and inquiry, and when the facts are
obtained and entered on the tables, the memoranda shall be read over to the persons giving
the information, for correction, and to sQpply omissicms. He shid) deposit the original returns
with the cleric of the County Gourt, and give two copies to the marshal, having first signed
each page of the schedules, and certified that they were truly made according to his oath.
The pay of the marshal shall be 8 1 per 1,000 persons when the population in the district ex-
ceeds 1,000,000; but when less than 1,000,000, then 91.25 per 1,000. No marshal sliaU
receive less than $250, and when the pay is not over 8600, reasonable allowance Ibr clerk
hire shall be made by the Secretary of the Interior. When the marshal performs assistants'
duties, which he may at his discretion do, he shall receive assistants' pay, — which is two
emts for each person enumerated, and ten cents a mile for necessary travel ; and the number
of miles shall be the product of the square root of the number of the dwelling-houfles in hia
division, by the square root of the number of square miles therein ; for each farm fully re-
turned, 10 cents ; each establishment of {nroductlve industry Ailly returned, 16 cents | each
name of deceased person returned, 2 cents ; and for social statistics, 2 per cent, upon the
amount. allowed for the population. No pay to be given for retoms not authorized, or for
those not limited to the year next preceding June Ist, 1850. The marshal may appoint
deputies, for whose official acts he shall be rasponsible for any purposes notfoconslstMit with
the duties of assistants, and the c<diection of the social statistics is not inconsistent with
such duty. If a marshal shall secure to himself any fee or compensation, for the aj^int-
raent of an assistant, or any part of the pay for the assistant's services, or shall neglect to
perform the duties imposed by this act, he shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on
conviction shall pay not less than $ 1,000. An assistant that accepts the api^intment,
and does not perform its duties, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction shall
be liable to a forfeiture of $ 600. Making a folse oath shall be perjury, and a false certifi-
cate a misdemeanor, and upon conviction the offender shall forfeit not more than • 6,000,
and be imprisoned not less than 2 years. Any flree person, over 20 years of age, shall, upon
re(|uest of the marshal or assistant, give true answers on the subjects in this act, or forfeit
1 30, to be recovered In an action of debt, by the assistant, to the use of the United States ;
all fines and penalties in this act may be enforced in the courts of the United States. The
marshal and assistants may frank papers and documents relating to the census only, and
S 12,000 is for this purpose to be paid the Post-Offlce Department The Secretary of the
Interior is to carry into efltet this act, and have the enumeration taken everywhere for June
Isl, 1860; to supervise the marshals; to arrange and classify the returns as they come in,
and lay them before Cbngress at its next session. He shall have a general superintending
clerk, at a salary of $2,500, who may frank documents and letters relating to the census,
and assistants, at not over $ 1,000. The Secretary of the Census Board shall hare a salary
of $3,000 per annum. If no other law be passed for taking the eighth or any subsequent
census of the United States on or before the firet of January of any year when, by the Con-
stitution, any future enumeration of the inhalritants is required, such census shall, in all
things, be taken according to this act.
The subjects of inquiry are in six schedules. Schedule No. I is Free JhhabittMIs, ~
Indttding number of dwelling-houses, number of families, name, age, sex, color, occupation
of males over 15 yeare, value of real estate owned, place of birth, whether married or
attended school during the year, those over 20 who cannot read and write, deaf and dumb,
paupers, convicts, kt. Schedule No. 2, Slave /ntofttton/s, —number, age, eex, color,
fugitives from the State, number manumitted, the deaf, dumb, fte. Schedule No. 3, Pro-
ductiona of Agrietilture, — including number of acres of land, and value of home-made
manufectures. Schedule No. 4, Products oflndttstry, — including kind of machinery used
therefor, and rate of wages. Schedule No. 6, Social iWaffeftcs, — including valuation of
real and personal estate, aggregate of taxes assessed, public schools, public libraries,
periodicals and newspapers, seasons, public paupera, criminals, cost of labor, religious
worship. Schedule No. 6, Persons who died during the Year ending June let, I860,—
1851.] Titles and abstracts of the public laws. 333
Inclttding place of birth, mooth of death, disease or cause of death, age, sex, cobr, whether
free or elaye, married or widowed, and occupation or profession. See, also, for further pro-
Tisions, Act of August 30, 1850, post, No. 21, page 336.
Al^er March 3, 1853, tlie House of Repreeentativee shall consist of 233 members, ap-
portioned among the States as follows : — After the enumeration of tlie inhabitants has been
completed and returned, the Secretary of the Interior shall ascertain the aggregate represen-
tative population of the United l^ates, by adding to the whole number of free persons in all
the States, including those bound to aerrice for a term of years, and excluding Indians not
taxed, three fifths of all other persons, and shall diTide this aggregate by 233, and the quo-
tient, rejecting fractions, if any, shall be the ratio of apportionment of representatives among
the several States. He shall then in the same manner ascertain the representative population
of each State, and shall divide it by the ratio above determined, and the quotient of this last
division shall be the number of Representatives apportioned to such State. The loss in the
number of members caused by the fractions shall be compensated for, by assigning to so
many States tiaving the largest fractions as may be necessary to make the whole number of
Bepresentatives 233, one additional member each for its fraction. If, after the apportionment
of the Representatives, new States shall be admitted, the Representatives assigned to such
new States shall be in addition to the number herein limited, such excess to continue only
until the next apportionment under the next census. When the above apportionment ia
made, he shall transmit to tlie House of Representatives a certificate of the number appor-
tioned to each State, and to the Executive of each State a certificate of the number appor-
tioned to his State. May 23, 1860.
No. 6. An Act sttpplementary to the Act entitled " An Act supplementary to the Act
entitled *An Act establishing a mint, and regulating the coins of the United States.* **
When the state of the Treasury admits, depositors of bullion at the mint and branches may
receive the value thereof in money, when ascertained, the bullion to iMCome the property of
the United States, and no discount or interest to be charged on the money advanced. The
Secretary of the Treasury may at any time withdraw the deposit, or any part thereof, or
may, at his discretion, allow the coins formed at the mint to be given for their equivalent in
oUwr money. May 23, 1860.
No. 6. An Act authorizing the negotiation of treaties with the Indian tribes in the T^ri-
tory of Oregon, for the extinguishment of their claims to lands lying toest of the Cascade
Mountains, and for other purposes. A Superintendent of Indian Afi^rs for Oregmi is au-
thorized, at 8 2,500 per annum. The Governor of said Territory is no longer to act as Super-
intendent, and his salary will be $3,000. Indian agents not exceeding three, at salaries of
• 1,500 each, shall be appointed for said Territory. Such provisions of the law regulating
trade and intercourse with the Indian tribes east of the Rocky Mountains, as may be appli-
cable, are extended over the Indian tribes in the Territory of Oregon. June 5, 1850.
No. 7. An Act to continue in force an Act therein mentioned, relating to the port of
Baltimore, The act of March 17, 1800, entitled " An Act declaring the assent of Ck>ngress to
certain acts of the States of Maryland and Georgia," so far as it relates to the act of the State
of Maryland, is hereby revived and continued in force until March 3, 1861. Provided^
That nothing herein contained shall authorize the demand of a duty on tonnage on vessels
propelled by steam, employed in the transportotion of passengers. June 5, 1850.
No. 8. An Act to make further appropriations for public buildings in the Territories
of Minesota and Oregon, • 20,000 is given to each Territory for the erection of peniten-
tiaries, and • 20,000 additional to former grants to the Territory of Oregon, for public build-
ings at the seat of government. June 11, 1860.
No. 9. An Act to increase the rank and file of the army, and to encourage enlistments.
Each company of light artillery shall consist of the commissioned officers now provided by
law, and of 4 sergeants, 4 corporals, 2 artificers, 2 musicians, and 64 privates.
The number of privates in each company serving at the several military posts on the West-
era frontier and at remote and distant stations may be increased to any number not exceed-
ing 74. Such portions of the army as by law serve on foot may be property equipped and
334 VlflTKD 8TATK9* [1851 «
mounted wbeDevar tlw dxigracy of the public aervice nquiret. The enlistmeiita shall be
for five yeara, unless sooner discharged, and when made at said potts and remote stations, a
bounty equal to the cost of transporting and subsisting a soldier from the city of New York
to the place of such enlistment is allowed to each recruit, to be paid in unequal Instalments at
the end of each year's senrlce, so that the seyend amounts shall annually increase, and the
largest be paid at the expiration of each enlistment. June 17, 1660.
No. 10. An Act to wtpply a deficiency in the appropriation for the service of the fiscal
year ending the 30rA day of June, 1860. • 60,000 is appropriated to supply a deficiency in
the appropriation for the Judiciary. June 21, 1860.
No. 11. An Act Jbrthe construction of certain roads in the Territory of MSneeotOf
and fbr other purposes. July 18, 1860.
No. 12. An Act authorizing the LegielaHve Aesemblies ofMinesota and Oregon Terri-
tories to prolong their next annual session tn a period of ninety days. July 18, 1850.
No. 13. An Act to grant the franking privilege to Mrs. Margaret S. Taylor. July
18, 1860.
No. 14. An Act to provide for recording the comeyances of vesMls, and for other pur-
poses. No tnll of sale, mortgage, hypothecation, or conreyance of any Tessel or part of any
vessel of the United States, shall be valid against any person other than the grantor or
mortgagor, his heirs, devisees, and persons having actual notice thereof, unless such bill oi
sale, &c., be recorded in the office of the collector where such vessel is registered or enrolled.
Provided,- that the lien by bottomry on any vessel, created during her voyage by a loan of
money or materials necessary to repair nr enable such vessel to prosecute a voyage, sfaaU
not lose its priority or be in any way aflbcted by the provisions of this act. The coDectora
shall record ail such bilhi of sale, &c., and all certificates for discharging and cancelling
such conveyances, in books kept for that purpose, in the order of their reception, noting in
said book or books, and also on the bill of sale, Ac., the time whm the same was received, and
shall certify on the bill of sale, &c. , the number of the book and page when recorded, and shall
receive for such record fifty cents. They shall keep an alphabetical index of such records,
and shall permit said index and books of records to be inspected daring office hours, under
reasonable regulations, and shall when required furnish to any person a certificate setting
forth the names of the owners, the parts owned fay each, (if inaerted in the register or enrol-
ment,) and also the material focta <^any existing bill of sale, mertgage, hypothecation, or
other encumbrance upon such vessel, recorded since the issuk^ of the last register w eor
rolment, viz. the date, amount of such encumlxance, and from and to whom, or in whose &-
vor made, and for each such certificate they shall receive $ 1. They shall Himish certified
copies of such records on the receipt of fifty cents for each bill of sale, m(»rtgage, or other
conveyance.
The owner or agent of the owner of any vessel of the United States, api^y ing to a ccdlector
for a register or enrolment, shall, in addition to the oath now prescribed, set forth in the
oath of ownership the part or portion of such vessel belonging to each owner) and the
same shall be inserted in the register or enrolment; and all bills of sale of vessels, legistned
or enrolled, shall set forth the part of the vessel owned by each peraon selling, and the part
conveyed to each person purchasing.
All complaints in writing, to cmisuls or commercial agents, that a vessel is unseaworthy,
shall be signed by the first, or the second and third officers, and a majority of the crew, be<
fore the consul or commercial agent shall be authorized to notice such comjilaint, or proceed
to appoint inspectors, as provided in formw laws.
Any person, not being an own«r, who shsm, on the high seas, wflfiilly, with Intent to bum
or destroy, set fire to any ship or other vessel, or otherwise attempt the destruction of such
ship or other vessel, being the property of any citizen or citiaens of the United States, ot
procure the same to be done, with intent aforesaid, and being thmeof lawfully convicted,
shall suffer imprisonment to hard labor for a term not exceeding ten years, nor less than
three years, according to the aggravation of the oflfonce.
This act shaU be in force.from and after Oct. 1,1860. July 29, 1860L
1851.] TITLES AND ABSTRACTS OF THE PUBLIC LAWS. 335
No. 16. An Act to emend an Act entitled *' An Act for the better organization of the
District Court of the United SteUea within t/te State of Louisiana," approved March 3,
1849. Th« judge of the Western District of said Slate shall hold a term of the court at St!
Joseph's la the parish of Tensas, on the first Monday in December in each year, for the par-
ishes of Oarroll, Madison, Tensas, and Concordia, and shall appoint a clerk of the court for
that place.
The parish of Bienville shall form a part of the Western District of Louisiana, and be one
of the parishes for which a court is to be held at Shreveport, and the parish of Caldwell shall
be one of the parishes for which a court is to be held at Monroe. This act shall talce effect
from and after its passage. (See an/e, page 133.) July 29, 1860.
No. 16. An Act to amend an At^ entitled ** An Act to regulate the collection of duties
on imporU and tonnagSy" approved March 2, 1799. A part of the collection district of
Newport, R. I., is atuched to the collection district of Providence. July 29, 1850.
Na 17. An Act to provide for holding the Courts of the United States in case of the
sickness or other disability of the Judges of the District Courts. If the sickness or other
disability of any district judge shall jHrevent him from holding any suted term of the dis-
trict or circuitcourtof his district, in the absence of the circuit judge, the clerk of such dis-
trict court shall certify to tlie circuit judge such foa, and the circuit judge shall, if in his
Judgment Oie public interest requires, designate any other district judge within the same cir-
cuit, to hold the district or circuit court while such sickness or other disability shall continue.
If there Is no circuit judge within tlie circuit, or in his absence or inability, or upon the dis-
ability or neglect of the district judge so deaignated to perform said duties, and the certifi-
cate of the clwk of said district to that effect, the Chief Justice of the United States shall
designate any district judge within said circuit, or within a circuit next immediately con-
tiguous to the one within which such disability exists, to perform said duties, and all pro?
ceedings in said courts, l»fore the said district judge, shall have the same validity as if done
tefoire the district judge of said district. The circuit judge or chief justice may at any time
revoke such appointments and make new ones, as the public interest may require. The dis-
trict judge so appointed shall hold said courts, and shall be allowed his reasonable expenses
of travel to and from, and of his residence in, said district. July 29, 1850.
No. 13. An Act to regulate the terms of the Circuit and District Courts of the Unit-
ed States for the District of Ohio. (See ante, pages 133, 136.) July 29, 1860.
No. 19. An Act making appropriations for the payment of navy pensions for the year
ending June 30th, 1851. • 43,000 are appropriated. Aug. 17, 1850.
No. 20. An Act making appropriations for the payment of Revolutionary and other
pensions of the United States for the year ending June 90, 1851. # 1,396,893 are appro-
priated for that purpose. Aug. 17, 1850.
No. 21. An Act supplementary to the Act entitled " An Act providing for the taking of
the seventh and subsequent censuses of the United States, and to fx the ntunber of the
Members of the Souse of Representatives, and to provide for their future eyjportionment
among the several States." The Secretary of the InUrior may Increase the compensation
allowed the marshals or agents, and their assistants, for taking the seventh census, in Call,
fomia, Oregon, Utah, and New Mexico, so as to secure the prompt and faithful execution
of the work. In enumerating persons residing in California, Oregon, Utah, and New Mexico,
those shall be included who may have removed from their residence in any Stale or Territory
of the United States prior to June 1, 1850, and settled subsequent to that date in either of the
said places. Each assistant marshal or agent shall be paid for making out and returning
complete copies of the original census returns, as required in the eleventh section of the act
to which this is a supplement, eight cents for each page of the two copies of the original
census returns required to be furnished by the eleventh section of the act to which this is
a supplement. Where causes beyond the control of the marshal shall have delayed the taking
of the census, the Secretary of the Interior may extend the time to any day not later than
January 1, 1851, and he may extend the time for completing the census in California,
Oregon, Utah, and New Mexico, as in his discretion may be deemed advisable. August
30 1860.
396 UN1TRD STATES. [1851.
No. 22. An Act to amend the Act entitled " An Act to ammd, in the eases therein men-
tioned, the ' Act to regulate the duties on imports and tonnage.* " De6nfl8 the limits of th«
coUectton district of Ocracoke in Nortti Carolina. August 30, 1650.
No. 23. An Act proposing to the State of Texa» the establishment of her northern and
tsesfem boundaries, the rdinquishmeni by the said State of all territory Maimed by her
exterior to said boundaries, and of all her claims upon the United States, and to establish
a T^erritorial government for New Mexico. The following propositions are offered to Texas,
and when agreed to by ttiat State, by an act of its Legislature, before Dec 1, 1860, shall be
biodlng upon Texas and the United States. The boundary of Texas on the north shall com-
mence at the point at which the meridian of 100^ west from Greenwich is intersected by the
parallel of 36^ 30' N., and shall run fh)m said point due west to the meridian of 103° west
from Greenwich; thence her boundary shall run due south to the 32P north latitude; thence
on the said parallel of 2SP N. to the Rio Bravo del Norte, and thence with the channel of
■aid riTer to the Gulf of Mexico ; and all claim to territory exterior to such limits is ceded
by Texas to the United Sutes, and all claims for liability by the United States for the debts
of Texas, uid for indemnity for public property which came to the United States by annexa*
tion, is relinquished ; and the United States will pay Texas therefor $ 10,000,000 in 6 per
cent, stock, redeemable at the end of 14 years, interest payaUe half yearly, at the Treasury
of the United States. Such stock to be issued when the President shall receive an authentic
copy of said act of consent of Texas, except #5,000,000 thereof, which shaU not be issued
until the creditors of the State holding bonds and other coitificates of stock of Texas for
which duties on imports were specially pledged, shall first file In pn^ier form, at the Treas-
ury of the United States, releases of all claim against the United States on account of said
bonds or certificates. Nothing contained in this act shall impair any provisions of article
8d of the 2d section of the joint resolution of March Ist, 1846.
The territory of the United States bounded as follows : — Beginning at a point in the Colo-
rado River where the boundary line with the republic of Mexico crosses the same; thence
eastwardly with the said boundary line to the Rio Grande ) thence following the main
channel of said river to the parallel of 32o N. ; thence east with said parallel to its intersec-
tion with the meridian of 103° W. from Greenwich ; thence north with said meridian of lon-
gitude to the parallel of 38° N. ; thence west with said parallel to the summit of the Sierra
Madre ; theuce south with the crest of said mountains to the parallel of 370 N. ; thence
west with said parallel to its intersection with the boundary line of the State of California ;
thence with said boundary line to the place of beginning. Is erected into the Territory of
New Mexico. The Territory may be divided, and portions thereof be attached to other
States or Territories when and as Congress may deem proper. When admitted as a State,
the said Territory, or any portion of the same, shall be received into the Union, with or
without slavery, as its constitution may prescribe at the time of its admission.
Every free white male inhabitant, above the age of 21 yeara, who shall have been a resi-
dent of said Territory at the time of the passage of this act, shall be entitled to vote at the
first election, and shall be eligible to any office within the said Territory ; but the qualifica-
tions of votera and of holding office, at all subsequent elections, shall be such as shall be pre-
scribed by the Legislative Assembly. The right of suffrage and of holding office shall be ex-
ercised only by citizens of the United States, including those recognized as citizens by the
treaty with the republic of Mexico, concluded Feb. 2, 1848.
The Governor is appointed by the President, for 4 yeara, and until his successor is quali-
fied, at an annual salary of 1 2,600. He must reside within the Territory, shall be Superin-
tendent of Indian ASaira, may pardon offences against the laws of the Territory, and reprieve
convicted offendera against the laws of the United States until the will of the President
Is known, and shall commission all officera appointed under the laws of the Territory. A
Secretary of State shall in like manner be appointed for 4 yeara, unless sooner removed, at an
annual salary of • 1,800, who shall act as Governor, when said office is vacant, or the Gov
amor is necessarily absent.
The Legislative Assembly consists of a Council and House of Representatives. The Coun-
cil consists of 13 memben, to serve for two yean. The House of Representatives
1651.] TlTLEd AND ABSTRACTS OF THE PUBLIC LAWS. 337
consists of 26 members, to serre one year. The qtiallficatlons of members of the
Gouncil and House are those, hereinafter described, of voters. An apportionment shall be
made, as nearly^ equal as practicable, for the election of the Council and House, in the ratio of
population, Indians excepted. And the members of the Council and of the House of Represen-
tatives shall reside in, and be inhabitants of, their district. Previous to the first election, the
Governor shiJl cause a census of the inhabitants of the several counties and districts of the
Territory to be taken. A plurality of votes elects, and in case of a tie, the Qovemor orders
ft new election to supply the vacancy so made. And the persons thus elected to the Legis-
lative Assembly shall meet at such time and place as the Governor shall appoint; but there-
after, the time, place, and manner of holding all elections by the peofrfe, and the apportion-
ing the representation in the several counties or districts, according to population, and the
day of the commencement of the reguhur sessions of the Legislative Assembly, shall be pre-
scribed by law. No one session shall exceed the term of forty days. The members shall be
enUtled to receive fS each per day during their attendance at the sessions thereof, and • 3
each for every 20 miles' travel in going to and returning from the said sessions. No law
shall be passed interfering with the primary disposal of the soil ; no tax shall be Imposed
upon the property of the United States ; nor shall the lands or other property of non-resi-
dents be taxed higher than the lands or other property of residents. All laws passed by the
Legislative Assembly and Governor shall be submitted to Congress, and if disapproved shall
be of no efltet. No member of the Legislative Assembly shall hold or be appointed to any
office which shall have been created, or the salary or emoluments of which shall have been
Increased, while he was a member, during thet erm for which he was elected, and for one
year after the expiration of such term ; and no person holding a commission or appointment
under the United States, except postmasters, shall be a member of the Legislative Assembly,
or shall hold any office under the government of the Territory.
The judicial power of the Territory shall be vested in a Supreme Court, District Courts,
Probate Courts, and in justices of the peace. The Supreme Court shall consist of a Chief
Justice and two associates, any two of whom shall be a quorum. They shall hold a term at
the seat of government of said Territory annually, and they shall hold their offices during the
period of four years ; and each shall receive an annual salary of $ 1 ,800. The Territory shall
be divided into three judicial districts, and a District Court shall be held in each, by one of
the justices of the Supreme Court, at such time and place as may be prescribed by law ;
and the said judges shall reside in the districts which shall be assigned them. Justice*
of the peace shall not have jurisdiction of any matter in controversy, where the title or
boundaries of land may be in dispute, or where the debt or sum claimed shall exceed $ 100.
The Supreme and District Courts shall possess chancery as well as conunon law jurisdic-
tion. Writs of error, exceptions, and appeals shall be allowed in all cases from the final de-
cisions of the District Courts to the Supreme Court, but in no case, removed to the Supreme
Court, shall there be a trial by jury. Writs of error and appeals shall be allowed from the
final decisions of the Supreme Court to the Supreme Court of the United Slates, where the
value of the property or the amount in controversy shall exceed • 1,000. In all cases involv*
Ing title to slaves, writs of error or appeals shall be allowed, without regard to the value of
the matter, property, or title in controversy. A ?rrit of error or appeal shall l» allowed upon
any writ of habeas corpus involving the question of personal freedom. The Judges of the
Supreme and District Courta shall and may grant writs of habeas corpus in all cases in which
the same are grentable by the judges of the United States in the District of Columbia ; and
the first six days of every term of said courts, or so much thereof as shall be necessary, shall
be appropriated to the trial of causes arising under the said constituti<m and laws. There
shall also be appointed an attorney and marshal for four years. They shall be paid the same
respectively as the attorney and marshal for Oregon, and the marshal shall have • 200 for
compensation for extra services. The other township, district, or county officers shall be ap-
pointed or elected as may be provided by law. A Delegate to Congress shall be elected by a
plurality of the qualified voters, who shall receive no higher sum for mileage than the law
allows the Delegate from Oregon.
29
388 UNITED STATES. [1851,
When the lands in tbs Territoiy chall be mawejedf under the direction of the general goF-
emment, preparatory to bringing the same into market, eectione numbered 16 and 36 in each
township in said Territory shall be, and the same are hereby, reserved for schools in said Ter-
ritory, and in the States and Territories hereaA«r to be erected out of the same. The Consti*
tution, and all laws of the United States which are not locally inapplicable, shall have the
same force and eflbct within the said Territory of New Mexico as elaewhere within the United
States ; and no citizen of the United States shall be dei»iTed of his life, liberty, or proper^
ty, in the Territory, except by the judgment of his peers, and the laws of the land. The
proTiBiona of this act are euepended until the boundary between the United States and tlie
State of Texas shall be adjusted, eptember 9, 185a
No. 24. An Act for the admiaaion of the SUaU of California into the Union. The
State of California is admitted into the Union on an equal footing with the original States in
all respects, and until an apportionment from an actual enumeration tlie State shall be enti-
tied to two Representatives in Congress.
The State is admitted upon the express condition that the people of said State, through
their legislature or otherwise, shall never interfere with the primary disposal of the public
lands within its limits, and shall pass no law and do no act whereby the title of the United
States to, and right to dispose of, the same shall be impaired or questioned, and that they
shall never lay any tsa or assessment of any description whatsoever upon tlie public domain
of tlie United States, and in no case shall non-resident proprietors, who are citizens of the
United States, be taxed higher than residents ; and that all the navigaUe waters within the said
State shaU be common highways, and lor ever free, as well to the inhabitants of said States
as to the citizens of the United States, without any tax, impost, or duty therefor. Nothing
herein contained shall be construed as recognizing or rejecting the propositions tendered by
the people of California as articles of compact in the ordinance adopted by the convention
which formed the cmistitution of the State. September 9, 1860.
No. 25. An Act to eatabliah a Ttrritoricd Govemmmt for Utah. That part of the
territory of the United States included within the following limits, to wit^ bounded on the
west by the State of California, on the north by the Territory of Oregon, and on the east by
thesuramltof the Rocky Mountains, and on the south by the parallel of 370N., is erected into
the Territory of Utah; and when admitted as a State, the said Territory, or an^ portion of
the same, shall be received into the Union, with or without slavery* as its constitution may
prescribe at the time of its admission. The {wovisions of this act are identical in all respects
with those of the act admitting New Mexico, for which see above. No. 23, except that this
act takes effect from its passage, and in it there is no provision that " no citizen of the
United States shall be deprived of his life, liberty, or property in the Territory, except by the
judgment of his peers and the laws of the land." $ 20,000 are also appropriated for the erec-
tion of public buildings at the seat of government when estaUished, and # 5,000 for a library.
September 9, 1850.
No. 26. An Act to authorize notaries public to take and certify oaths, tuffirmationa,
and acknoftledgmenta in certain eaaea. In all cases in which, under the laws of the United
States, oaths or acknowledgments may now be taken before any justice of the peace, such
oaths or acknowledgmoits may be hereader also taken by or before any notary public duly
appointed, and when certified under the hand and official seal of such notary shall have the
same force and effect as if taken by or before such justice of the peace. All the powers con-
ferred by this act upon notaries public may be exercised by any commissioner appointed by
any Circuit Court of the United States, under any act of Congress authorizing the appoint-
ment of commissioners to take bail, affidavits, or depositions, in causes pending in the courts
of the United States. Perjury before such notaries or commissioners shall be punishable as
now when committed before a justice of the peace. SeiMember 16, 1850.
No. 27. An Act to extend the port of New Orleana, The port of New Orieans is so ex-
tended as to embrace tlie whole parish of New Orleans, on both sides of the Mississippi Riv-
er. September 16, 1850.
No. ^. An Act making e^tpropriationafor' the support of the Military Acadetmf for
1851.] TITLES AyO ABSTRACTS OF THE PUBLIC LAWS. 3^9
the year ending Jwne 30, 1851. The sum of #201,494.47 is appropriated. September
16, 1850.
No. 29. An Act to provide for the printing of the Annual Report upon Commerce and
Navigation. Tlie Annual Report on Commerce and Navigation shall be printed under the
direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, and be completed and ready for delivery by Jan-
uary Ist next after the close of the fiscal year to which the report relates. 20,000 copies shall
be printed and bound substantially, if at a price not exceeding 12^ cents a rolume. Septem-
ber 16, 1860.
No. 30. An Act making appropriationa for the service of the Post-Office Department
during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1851. • 6,035,950 are appropriated. Sept. 16, 1850.
No. ^\. An Act to amend and supplementary to the Act entitled ' 'An Act respecting fugitives
from justice and persons escaping from the service of their masters," approved February
12, 1793. Commissioners of the Circuit Courts of the United Slates, now, or hereafter to be^
appointed under any act of Congress, and thereby autliorized to exercise powers given in sec-
tion 33 of the act of September 24, 1789, are authorized and required to perform the duties
required by this act. The Superior Courts of the organized Territories may appoint com-
missioners, who shall have the same powers as commissioners of the said Circuit Courts, and
the number of commissioners shall be from time to time enlarged, with a view td aflbrd
reasonable facilities to reclaim fugitives from labor, and promptly to discharge the duties im-
posed by this act. They shall have concurrent jurisdiction with the judges of the said
courts in term time and vacation, and shall grant certificates to claimants, upon satisfiu!-
tory proof, with authority to take and remove such fugitives, under the restrictions herein
contained, to the State or Territory from which such persons may have escaped or fled, and
shall receive in full for services a fee of • 10, if a certificate is granted, or of 8 6 where the
proof does not allow the granting of a certificate, in either case to be paid by the claimant.
And the better to enable the said commissioners to execute their duties faithfully and effi-
ciently, they are hereby empowered, within their counties respectively, to appoint, in writ*
Ing, any suitable persons, from time to time, to execute all such processes as may be issued
by them in the lawful performance of their respective duties, with authority to such com-
missioners, or the persons to be appointed by them, to execute process as aforesaid, to sum-
mon *and call to their aid the bystanders or posse comitcUus of the proper county, when
necessary, and the persons thus appointed shall each receive from the claimant $ 6 for each
person arrested and taken before a conmiissioner, with other reasonable fees for additional
necessary services. All good citizens are hereby commanded to aid and assist in the prompt
and efficient execution of this law, whenever their services may be required, as aforesaid, for
that purpose, and said warrants shall run and be executed by said officers anywhere in the
State within which they are issued. If any marshal or deputy marshal shall refuse to receive
any process, when tendered, or to use all proper means diligently to execute the same, he
shall, on conviction thereof, be fined in the sum of $ 1,000, to the use of such claimant, on the
motion of such claimant, by the Circuit or District Court for the district of such marshal,
and after arrest of such fugitive by such marshal or his deputy, or whilst at any time in his
custody under the provisions of this act, should such fugitive escape, whether with or with-
out the assent of such marshal or his deputy, the marshal shall be liable on his official bond
to be prosecuted for the benefit of such claimant, for the full ralue of the service or labor of
said fugitive in the State, Territory, or District whence he escaped. The marshal, deputies,
clerks, Asc, shall l» paid for their services like fees as for similar services in like cases, to
be paid wholly by the claimant, if the services are rendered exclusively in the arrest, &c.,
of a fugitive.
i 6. When a person held to service or labor in any State or Territory of the United States
has heretofore or shall hereafter escape into another State or Territory of the United States,
the person or persons to whom such service or labor may be due, or his, her, or their agent
or attorney, duly authorized, by power of attorney, in writing, acknowledged and certified
under tlie seal of some legal officer or court of the State or Territory in which the same may
be executed, may pursue and reclaim such fugitive persoUj either by procuring a warrant
340 UAITXD 9TATJC8. [1851.
from foma one of lbs ooortf, Judgei, or cominissiorMri dbreMid, of the proper circuit, dla-
trict, or county, for the apprehension of such fugitive from service or labor, or by seizing;
Mul arresting such fugitive, where the same can be dona without process, and by taking, or
causing such psrson to be taken, forthwith before such court, judge, or commissioner,
whose duty it shall be to liear and determine the case of such claimant in a summary man-
ner ; and upon satis&ctory proof being made, by deposition or alBdavit, in writing, to be
taken and certified by such court, judge, or commissioner, or by oilier satisfactory testi-
mnny, duly taken and certified by some court, magistrate, justice of the peace, or other
legal officer authorized to administer an oath and take depositions under the laws of
the State or Territory from which such person owing service or labor may iiave escaped,
with a certificate of such magistrate or other authority, with the seal of the proper court or
officer thereto attached, wtiich seal shall be sufficient to establish the competency of ilie
proof, and with proof, also by affidavit, of the identity of the person whose service or labor
U claimed to be due, that the person so arrested does in fact owe service or lalior to the per-
son or persons claiming him or her, in the State or Territory from which such fugitive may
have escaped, and tliat said person escaped, to make out and delivor to such claimant, his
or her agent or attorney, a certificate setting forth the substantial fects as to the service or
labor due from such fugitive to the cliumant, and of his or lier escape frcMn the State or Ter-
ritory in which such service or labor was due, to the State or Territory in which he or she
was arrested, with authority to such claimant, or his or her agent or attorney, to use such
reasonable force and restraint as may be necessary, under the circumstances of the case, to
uke and remove such fugitive person back to the State or Territory whence he or she may
have escaped. In no trial or hearing under tliis act shall the testimony of such alleged fugi-
tive be admitted in evidence; and the certificates shall be conclusive of the right of the per-
son or persons in wtiose favor granted to remove such fiigitive to the State or Territory from
which he escaped, and shall prevent all molestation of such person or persons by any process
issued by any court, judge, magistrate, or other person whomsoever.
i7. Any person who shall knowingly and willingly obstruct, hinder, or prevent such
claimant, hLi agent or atUKiiey, or any person or persons lawfully assisting him, her, or
them, from arresting such a fugitive from service or labor, either with or without process as
aforesaid ; or shall rescue, or attempt to rescue, such fugitive from service or labor from the
custody of such claimant, his or her agent or attorney, or other person or persons lawfully
assisting, when so arrested, pursuant to the authority herein given, or shall aid, abet, or
assist such person so owing service or labor, directly or indirectly, to escape from such
claimant, hia agent or attorney, or other person or persons legally authorized as aforesaid ;
or shall harbour or conceal such fugitive, so as to prevent the discovery and arrest of such
person, after notice or Icnowledge of the fact that such person was a fugitive from service or
labor, shall, for either of said ofibnces, be subject to a fine not exceeding 9 1,000, and im*
prisonment not exceeding six months, by indictment and conviction before the District
Court of the United States for tlie district in which such ofience may have been committed,
or before the proper court of criminal jurisdiction, if committed within any one of the organ-
ized Territories of tlie United States ; and shall moreover forfeit and pay, by way of civil
damages, to the party injured by such illegal conduct, the sum of 3 1,000 for each fugitive so
lost, to be recovered by action of debt, in any of the District or Territorial Ck>urts within
whose jurisdiction the said ofience may have been committed.
§ 9. Upon affidavit made by the claimant of such fugitive, his agent or attorney, after
such certificate has been issued, that he has reason to apprehend that such fugitive will be
rescued by force before he can be taken beyond the limits of the State in which the arrest is
made, it shall be the duty of the officer making the arrest to retain such fugitive in his cus-
tody, and to remove him to the State whence he fied, and thera to deliver him to said claim-
ant, his agent or attorney. And to this end, the officer is hereby authorized and required to
employ so many persons as he may deem necessary to overcome such force, and to retain
them in his service so long as circumstances may require. The said officer and his assist-
ants, while so employed, to receive the same compensation, and to be allowed the same exx
]85t.] TITLES AND ABSTRACTS OF THK PUBLIC LAWS, 941
penMS, as am now allowed by law for the tmuportation of criminals, to be paid out of the
tieaaury of the United States.
§ 10. When any peison lield to service or labor in any State or Territory, or in tlie Dis-
trict of Oolumbia, shall escape thereftom, the party to whom such service or labor stiall be
due, his, her, or their agent or attorney, may apply to any court of record therein, or judge
thereof in vacation, and make satisfactory proof to such court, or judge in vacation, of the
escape aforesaid, and that the person escaping owed service or labor to such party. Where-
upon the court shall cause a record to be made of the matters so proved, and also a general
description of tlie person so escaping, with such convenient certainty as may be ; and a
transcript of such record, anttienticated by the attestation of the clerk and of the seal of the
said court, iMing produced in any other State, Territory, or District in. which the person so
escaping may be found, and being exhibited to any judge, commissioner, or otlier officer au-
thorized by the law of tlie United States to cause permns escaping from service or labor to
be delivered up, sliall l» held and taken to be fiill and conclusive evidence of the fact of
escape, and tliat the service or labor of the person escaping is due to the party in such record
mentioned. And upon the production by the said party of other 'and further evidence, if
necessary, either oral or by affidavit, in addition to what is contained in the said record of
the identity of tlie person escaping, he or she shall be delivered up to the claimant. And
the said court, commissioner, judge, or otlier person authorized by this act to grant certifi-
cates to claimants of fugitives, shall, upon the production of the record and other evidences
aforesaid, grant to such claimant a certificate of his right to take any such person Identified,
and proved to be owing service or labor as aforesaid, which certificate shall authorize such
claimant to seize or arrest and transport such person to the State or Territory from which
he escaped: Provided^ That nothing herein contained shall l» construed as requiring the
production ofa transcript of such record as evidence as aforesaid. But In its absence the
claim shall be heard and deUrroined upon other satisfactory proofii competent in law. Sep-
tember 18, 1S60.
No. 32. An Act granting the right of teat/ and making a grant of land to the States of
niinoia, Mistiaeippi, and Alabama, in aid of the construction of a railroad from Chi-
cage to Mobile. The right of way not exceeding 100 feet on each side of the length thereof,
through the public lands, is granted to the State of Illinois for the construction of a railroad
from the Southern terminus of the Illinois and Michigan Canal to a point at or near the
junction of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, with a branch of the same to Chicago on Lake
Michigan, and another via the town of Galena, in said State, to Dubuque, in the State of
Iowa, with tlie right also to take necessary materials for its construction.
There is granted to the State of Illinois, to aid In making the railroad and branches, every
alternate section of land designated by even numbers, for six sections in width on each side
of said road and Inranches, subject to preSmption uid other rights, but the land located shall
not be more than fifteen miles from the line of the road, and shall be disposed of only as the
work progresses, and be applied only to its construction. The construction of the road shall
be commenced at its southern terminus, at or near the junction of the Ohio and Mississippi
Rivers, and at its northern terminus upon the Illinois and Michigan Canal simultaneously,
and continued from each of said points until completed, when said branch roads shall be
constructed, according to their survey and location.
If it shall not be completed within ten years, the State of Illinois shall pay to the United
States the amount of sales of any part of said^lands, the title to the purchasers remaining
valid, and the title to the residue shall reinvest in the United States. The sections and parts
of sections of land which, by such grant, shall remain to the United States, within six miles
on each side of said road and branches, shall not be sold for less than double the minimum
price of the public luids.
The railroad and branches shall be public highway, free from loll or other charge upon the
transportation of any properly or troops of the United States, and the mail shall at all times
be transported on the said railroad, under the direction of the Post-Office Department, at'such
price as Congress may direct.
29*
343 CMITBD 8TATK8. [1851,
All the privileges conferiwl on the State of Illinois shall be granted to the States of Alaba-
ma and Mississippi redpectiyely, for the purpose of aiding the construction of a railroad from
Mobile to a point near the mouth of the Ohio Rirer, and public lands of the United States to
the same extent, in proportion to the length of the road, and on the same terms, are granted
to said States. September 20, 1860.
No. 33^ An Act giving the auent of the United Statee to an act of the Oeneral Amtem-
hljf of Maryland, paaeed at the December Seaaion, 1844, chapter fi87. The prorisions of
that act, relative to the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company, ara extended to so much of
the canal as is within the District of Columbia. September 20, 1850.
No» 34. An Act to euppreee the slave-trade in the District of Columbia. From and af-
ter January 1, 1851, it shall not be lawful to bring into the District of Columbia any slare
whatever for the purpose of being sold, or for the purpose of being placed in depot, to be sulh
sequently transferred to any other State or place, to be sold as merchandise, and any slave
so brought into the District, by or with tlie consent of its owner, shall be free.
The cities of Washington and Georgetown, and the Levy Court of Washington County
within lis jurisdictional limits from time to time, and as often as may -be necessary, may
abolish any depot or place of confinement of slaves brought into the said District as mer-
chandise, by such appropriate means as may appear to either of the said cities expedient and
proper. September 20, 1860.
No. 35. An Act to supply a deficiency in the appropriation for pay and mileage of
membera of Congress,for the present session, September 20, 1860.
No. 36. An Act to repeal so miich of the Act approved Atig. 11, 1848, as extends the pro-
visions thereof to Macao. The right to exercise judicial powers is taken from consuls of
the United States in Macao. September 20, 1850.
No. 37. An Act to authorize the Secretary of the Treasury to permit vessels from the
British North American Provinces to lade and unlade at suchplaces in any collection die-
trict of the United States as he may designate. The above permission is to be given when
the President shall be satisfied that similar privileges are extended to vessels of the United
States in the said Provinces. September 26, 1850.
No. 38. An Act to increase the Commissariat of the United States Army. Four commie^
series, with the rank of Captain, may be taken from the line of the army. The senior aid-de-
camp of the Major-General commanding may be taken from captains or majors, and shall
be allowed the pay and emoluments of a major of cavalry. September 26, 1850.
No. 39. An Act providing for the examination and settlement of claims for land at the
Sault Ste. Marie, in Michigan. The Register and Receiver are authorized to examine
and report upon claims for land at the Sault Ste. Marie, under instructions from the Com-
missioner of tlie General Laad-0(fice, and to report to the Commissioner the amount due,
if any, from the government to the several claimants.
Bondfde claimants under the original claims reported by the commissioners under the
act of Congress of Feb. 21, 1323, may, within one year, present a sworn notice of their claims,
in writing, to the Register and Receiver, who shall record all notices and testimony in favor
of said claims. Any bondfde claimants who had reduced a lot to possession Jan. 1, 1S49,
shall have the same right. The Survey orGeneral at Detroit shall then survey the village
of Sault Ste. Marie into town lots, kc., and make a plat thereof, exhibiting the claims and
olaimants aforesaid, and send the same to the Commissioner, who shall decide finally upon
each case, and after ten months' public notice may order into the market all vacant lots, or
lota upon which the claims have been rejectdS, and the net proceeds of the sales thereof shall
l» paid to the authorities of Sault Ste. Marie, to be expended upon streets and public build-
ings. September 26, 1850.
No. 40. An Act to reduce the minimum price of the mineral lands in the Lalx Supe-
rior district in Michigan, and in the Chippewa district in Wisconsin. The mineral lands
in the Lake Superior district in Michigan, and in the Chippewa district in Wlaconsin, shall
he offored for sale in the same manner, and be subject to the same minimum price, and the
same rights of preemption, as ths other public lands of the United States, and the portions
of the acts of March l, 1847, and March 3, 1847, Inconsistent herewith, are repealed. The
185U] TITLES A!fD ABSTRACTS OF THE PUBLIC LAWS. 343
right givoQ by tboee acta to lessees, occupants, and pennHtses to enter, to the extent of
their leases and permits, and not less, shall not be impairod by this act.
The holder of a lease or permit cohering more than one full section of the mineral lands
shall be entitled, on the surrender and annulment of said lease or permit at the proper land
office, to purchase one full section, and no more, of the land so covered, at a minimum
price of $ 2.50 per acre. September 26, 1850.
No. 41. An Act to provide for carrying into execution^ in/urther part, the twelfth ar-
ticle of the treaty with Mexico, concluded at Guadalupe Hidalgo. $ 3,360,000 are appro-
priated for the payment of the instalment and interest due May 30, 1851. Sept. 26, 1850.
No. 42. An Act to establish certain post roads in the United States. Section 3d of
the act of August 14, 1848, is extended to the Territories of Utah and New Mexico, and the
Po8tmaste^Cieneral may estaUuh such rates of postage in said Territory as he may deem
proper, keeping within said act. September 27, 1850.
No. 43« An Act to create the office of Surveyor- General of the Public Lands in Oregon^
and to provide for the survey, and to maJke doruUions to settlers, of the said public lands,
A Surveyor-General is ai^inted, at an annual salary of $ 2,500. The surveys may be on
the geodetic method, to be followed by a topographical survey.
There is granted to every settler or occupant of the public lands, American half-breed In*
dians included, above tlie age of 18, a citizen of the United States, or having made a dec*
laration of his intention to become a citlxm, or who shall make such declaration on or be-
fore Dec 1, 1861, now residing in said Territory, or who shall become a resident on or bo*
lore Dec.l, 1850, and who shall have resided upon and cultivated the same for four consecu>
tive years, and shall give satisfactory proof of settlement and cultivation, within 12 months
after the surveys have been made, one half-section or 320 acres of land, if a single man, and
if married, or if he shall be married within one year from Dec. 1, 1850, one section or 640
acres, one half to himself and the other half to his wife, to be held by her in her own right;
and the Survejror-Geueral shall designate the part enuring to ttie husband and that to the
wife, and enter the same on the records of his office, and when married persons become en-
titled to a grant, and either shall die before the patent issues, the survivor and children shall
be entitled to equal portions of the estate, unless it is disposed of by will, under the
laws of Oregon. When an alien has declared his intention to become a citizen, and
shall die l»fore naturalization, his p o caeoo ory right shall go to his heirs or devisees.
DDoations shall embiace the land actually occupied by the settler, shall be in a oompact
form, and shall be taken as nearly as practicable by legal subdivisions, and shall be claimed
within three months fipom the cranpletion of the survey. Contracts for the sale of the land
before the patent is issued are void. If any settler shall die before the expiration of said
four years, his right shall descend to his heirs in equal parte.
To all white male citizens of the United Stetes, or persons who shall have made a declara-
tion of intention to become such, above the age of 21, emigrating to and settling in said Ter-
ritory liBtwaen Dec. 1, 1850, and Dec. 1, 1853, and to all white male American citizens, not
hereinbefore provided for, becoming 21 years of age In said Territory and settling there be-
tween the times last aforesaid, who shall c<Mnply with the foregoing provisions, there is
grantsd one-quarter section or 160 acres of land, if a single man ; or if married, or if he shall
bo married within one year from his arrival in said Territory, or within one year after be-
coming 21 yean of age, then one half-section or 320 acres, one half to the husband and the
other half to the wifo in her own right, to be designated by the Surveyor-General. No per-
scm shall ever receive a patent for more than one donation of land in said Territory, in hie
ot lier own right.
No claims upon sections 16 and 36 for rssideace and cultivation of the same after the sur>
Toy shall be valid. Certain lands are given for the endowment of a university. No min-
eral lands, nor lands reserved for salines, can be claimed under this act.
All persons claiming land under this act, by virtue of settlement and cultivation com-
menced subsequent to Dec. 1, 1850, must first make oath that the land claimed by them
Is for their own «se and cultivation ; that they are not acting as agente for others in making
844 VKITED STATES. [1851.
■uch clalnif ; and tliatthsy have made no mIa or tFtoafor, or any agnement Ibr any tale or
tnuisfer, or by which the said land ahall enure to the benefit of anjotlierpenmi, and perMne
making false or fraudulent oaths or affirmations shall be subject to all the pains and penalties
of peijmy. September 87, 186a
No. 44. An Act making appropriatiana for light-hotueBf light-boatB, 6«0yf, ^., and
providing for the erection and eettMiahment of the eame, and for other purpoeea. Sept.
23,1860.
No. 45* An Act making appropriationa for the support of the airmyf»r the year end-
ing June dOfA, 1861. Sept SB, 1860.
No. 46.* An Act to create additional collection dietriete in the State of CaUfomia,
and to change the existing district therein, and to modify the etfisting collection districts
in the United States. There shall be in the State of California six collection districts, to wit :
Sto Francisco, Monterey, San Diego, Sacramento, Sonoma, and San Joaqulm. The district
of Skn Francisco shall include all the territory, bays, hartmum, rlrers, and shores embraced
within the counties of San Francisco, Santa Clara, Contra Costa, Marin, Mondoeino, and
Trinidad, and the city of San Francisco shall be the sole port of entry Ibr the district. The
district of Monterey shsil include all the territory, ftc., within the counties of Monterey, San
Luis Obispo, and Santa Oua, and MonUrey shall be the sole port of entry. The district of Sbn
Diego shall include all the Urritory, ftc, of the counties of Sui Diego, Los Angelos, and San*
ta Barbara, and the town of San Diego shall be the sole port of entry. The district of Sac-
ramento shall include all the territory, kc., of the counties of Sacramento, Sutter, £1 Dora-
do, Yuba, Butte Y<do, Coluse, and Shasta, and Sacramento City shall be the sole port of
entry. Hm district of Sonoma shall include all the territory, ftc., within the counties of
Sonoma, Napa, and Scdano, and the town of Benicia and that of Yalejo shiJl be the sole port of
entry. The district of San Joaquim shall include all the territory, ftc., within the counties
of Calareras, San Joaquim, Tuolumne, and Mariposa, and the town of Stockton shall be the
sole port of entry. Santa Barbara and San Pedro, in the collection district of San Diego, are
constituted ports of ctollrery for said districts.
The collector of the district of San Francisco shall be allowed a compensation not exceed-
ing 810,000 per annum; the naral officer not exceeding $8,000; thesurreyor not exceed-
ing 87,000; the principal appraisers not exceeding $6,000; and the assistant appraisers
each a sum not exceeding $ 6,000 per annum. The collectora of Monterey, San Diego, Sao*
ramento, Sonoma, and San Joaquim shall be allowed $ 3,000 each per annum, with addi*
tional maximum compensation of $ 8,000 each per annum, shoold their ofllcial enKduments
and fees, prorided for by existing laws, amount to that sum respectlTely.
The prorisions of the act of March 3, 1849, entitled " An act requiring all moneys re-
ceivable from customs, and from all other sources, to be paid immediately into the Treas-
ury, without abatement or reduction, and for other purposes," are made applicable to the
sereral collection districts in the State of California and the Territory of Oregon.
In cases of fines, penalties, and forfeitures, and of damage resulting fh>m Improper seis-
ures, the Secretary of the Treasury may grant such relief as he shall deem just and proper.
A new collection district is made, with Milwaukee, Wisconsin, for its port of entry, and
new ports are added to two or three of the existing collection districts.
Artf imported merchandise In the imported packages which shall have been duly entered
and warehoused, in pursuance of the warehousing act of August 6, 1846, may be exported
therefh)m. In conformity with law, and be transported to ports in the adjoining British
Provinces, and become entitled to the benefits of said warehousing act. Sept. 88, I860.
No. 47. An Act making appropriations for the naval service for the year ending June
30, 1851. In addition to the appropriations, it is provided " that flogging in the navy and
on board of vessehi of commerce be abolished after the passing of this act " ; that no mid-
shipmui in the navy shall be appointed from any Congressional district having at the time
* In the official publication of these laws, Numbers 45 and 46 were both numbered 46. To
make the numbers uolform, one was numbered 46, and one 46, and the subsequent numbers
were each changed accordingly.
1851.] TITLES AND ABSTBACT8 OF THB PUBLIC LAWS* 315
mora than two officera of that grade in the navy from such district ; that such CSongres*
sioaal district of any State aa may not hare any midshipman in the nary at the time an ap-
pointment may be made from said State shall be entitled to at least one appointment before
any other shall be made from any district of the State having one or more officers of that
grade in the navy ; that hereafter, in the preparation of the Nautical Almanac, the mmridian
of tlie Obsenratory at Washington shall be adopted and used as the American meridian for
all astronomical purposes, and that the meridian of Greenwich shall be adopted for all nauti-
cal purposes. Sept. 28, 1850.
No. 48. An Ad making appropriationa Jhr certain fartifieationa of the United Statee,
Jbr the year ending June 30, 1861. Sept. 28, 1850.
Nob 49. An Ad to enable the State o/Arhaneaa and other Statee to reclaim the " avamp
lands ** within their Hmite. The whole of those swamp and overflowed lands, made unfit
thereby for cultivation, unsold at the passage of this act, are granted to said State.
The Secretary of the Interior shall make out a list and plats of such lands, and transmit
the same to the Governor of Arkansas, and issue a patent to the State therefor. The pro-
ceeds of said lands, whether from sale, or by direct appropriation in kind, shall be applied
exclusively to the purpose of reclaiming said lands. The provisicms of this act are extend-
ed to each of the other States of the Union in which simiW swamp and overflowed lands
may be situated. Sept. 28, I860.
No. 60. An Act to authorize the eqipoinimeni of Indian ttgente in Califitmia. Not
more than three agents are to be appointed for the Indian tribes in California, at an annual
compensation of • 3,000 each. Sept. 23, 186a
No. 51. An Act for the payment of a eompanj of Indian volunteere. The Secretary
of War Is authoriied to pay to the spy company of Luiiui mounted volunteeEs (Shawneee
and Delawares), mustered into service June 1, 1846, and discharged August 1, 1846, the
usual pay and travelling allowances.
No. 52. An Act to provide for extending the latoe and the Judicial eyelem of the UniS-
ed States to the State of California. All the laws of the United States not locally inap-
plicable shall have the same eflTect within the State of Oalifomla as elsewhere within the
United States. There shall be two judicial districts, called the Northern and Southern, and
divided by the thirtyseventh parallel of north latitude. In each of the districts time shall
be one judge, who shall exercise the jurisdiction of both the District and Circuit Courts,
with the right of appeal to the Supreme Court of the United States, and who shall appoint •
cleric at the place at which a court is holden within the district, who shall reside and keep
tlie records of the court at the place of holding the same, and shall receive for his services
for the first four years double the amount allowed to the clerk of the Southern District of
New York, and thereafter only the fees allowed to the clerk of the said district, and may
appoint a deputy. The terms of court in the Northern District shall be at San Francisco, (m
the Ist Mondays of December and June; at San Jose, on the Ist Monday in April ; at Sac*
ramento, on the 1st Monday in September; and at Stockton, on the 2d Monday in October.
And in the Southern District there shall be terms at Monterey, on the 1st Monday In June ;
and St Los Angelos, on the Ist Monday in December.
And should the judges of either of the said courts fail to attend at the time and place of
holding any one of the regular terms before the close of the fourth day of any such term,
the business pending shall stand adjourned to the next regular term thereof; it being the
duty of the judge in such a case to bold an intermediate term, upon due notice, if the busi-
ness of the court require it. The salary of the judge in the Northern District is §3,500, and
in the Southern i 2,800, to commence from their appointments. There shall be an attorney
and marehal for each of the districts, whose fees shall be for the first four years double
those for the same offices In the Southern District of New York, and afterwards the same as
in that district; and thsy shall each receive 9500 in full for all extra services, and each
marshal may appoint a sufficisnt number of deputies. All civil causes now pending in any
of the courts of California, the jurisdiction of which may properly belong to the courts of
the United States therein esUbliahed, shall be ramoTed to the said United States courte,
846 UNITED iTATXS. [185L
either by writ of certiorari^ or bj a tnuiifer of the original papers, pn^perlj exemplified ;
the costs of tranafer to be primarily paid by the party applying therefor. Sept. 28, 1860.
No. 53. An Act granting bounty land to certain officers and soldiers who have been en-
gaged in the military service of the United States. Each of the aurriving, or the widow
or minor children of deceased, commissioned and non-commissioned officers, musiciana, or
privates, whether regulars, volunteers, rangers, or militia, who performed military sMvice
in any regiment, company, or detachment in the service of the United States, in the war of
1812, or in any of the Indian wars since 1790, and each of the commiaaioned officers who
was engaged in the military service of the United Stales in the late war with Mexico,' shall be
entitled to lands as follows. Those who engaged to serve 12 months, or during the war, and
actually served 9 months, shall receive 160 acres ; those who engaged to sonre 6 months, and
actually served 4 months, shall receire 80 acres ; and those who engaged to serve for any, or
an indefinite period, and actually served 1 month, shall rsceive 40 acres. If any officer or
soldier was bonoraUy discharged, in consequence of disability in tlie service, before tlie ex-
piration of his period of service, he shall receive the amount to which he would have been
entitled if he had served his full period, and all time spent in captlrity shall be estimated
and added to the actual service. If any one desnted, or was dishonorably dischaitged, or if
he has received or Is entitled to any military land bounty under any act of Ck)ngress hereto*
fore passed, he shall not receive said lands. Each person so entitled to land shall receive a
warrant therefor from the Department of the Interior, and either he or his heirs may locate
the same at any land-office of the United States, in one body, and in conformity to the legal
subdivisions of the public lands, upon any of the public lands in such district then subject
to private entry ; and upon the return of such warrant, with evidence of a lagal location
thereof, to the General Land-Office, a patent shall be issued therefor. In the event of the
death of any commissioned or non-commissioned officer, musician, or private, prior or sub-
sequent to the passage of this act, who shall have served as aforesaid, and who shall not
have received bounty land for said services, a lilEe certificate or warrant shall be Issued to
enure to the benefit of his widow, if unmarried at the date of her application, who shall re*
ceive 160 acres of land In case her husbuid was killed in battle, but It shall not enure to her
heirs. No land warrant Issued under the proylsicms of this act shall be laid upon My land
of the United States to which there shall be a preitmption right, or upon which there shall
be an actual settlement and cultivation, except with the consent of such settler, to be satis*
foctorily proven to the proper land officer.
All sales, mortgages, letters of attorney, or other Instruments of writing, going to afibct the
title or claim to any warrant issued, or to be issued, or any land granted, (v to be granted,
under the provisions of this act, made or executed prior to the issue, sludl be null and void,
to all intents and purposes whatsoever; nor shall such wammt, or the land obtaloed there-
by, be In uiywise alfocted by, or chained with, or subject to, the payment of any debt or
claim incurred by such officer or soldier prior to the issuing of the patent. It shall be the
duty of the Commissioner of the General Land-Office, nnder such regulations as may be
prescribed by the Secretary of the Interior, to cause to be located, fine of expense, any war-
rant which the holder may transmit to the General Land-Office for that purpose, In such
State and land district as the said holder or warrantee may designate, and upon good form-
ing land, so for as Uw same can be ascertained from the maps, plats, and field notes of the
surveyor, or from any other information in the possession of the local office; and upon the
location being made, as aforesaid, the Secretary shall cause a patent to be transmitted to
such wammtee. No patent issued under this act shall be delivered upon any power of at-
torney or agreement dated before the passage of this act; and all such powers of atUMrney
or agreements shall be considered and treated as null and void. The benefiu of this act
ahall not accrue to ariy peraon who Is a member of the present Congress. Sept. 28, 1860.
No. 54. An Act making appropriations for the dvil and diplomatic expenses of gov
emment for the year ending June 30, 1861, and for other purposes. Sept. 30, 1860.
No. 55. An Act making appropriations for the current and contingent expenses of the
Indian D^Mrtment, and for ful filing treaty stiptdationa with varioue Indian tribes, for
the year ending June 30, 1861. September 30, 1860.
165].] PUBLIC RESOLUTIOIVS. 347
PUBLIC RESOLUTIONS.
No. 1. A Resolitiion for binding the ptMic documents. The additional copies of all
executive documents which have been during the present session, or may be during either
session of the present Congress, ordered, containing not less than 300 printed pages, shall
be bound, the cost of binding not to exceed 12^ cents a volume for the whole number ordered.
Februanr 12, 1860.
No. 2. A BeaoliOion authorizing the purchaae of the Manuacripi Farewell Address of
George Waakington, The Joint Committee on the Library is authorized to purchase the
manuscript of the Farewell Address to the People of the United States, of George Washing*
ton, if the purchase can be effiscted on fiUr and just terms, in the opinion of the committee.
February 12, 1850.
No. 3. A Resolution limiting the expense of collecting the revenue from customs for
the present fiscal year. After making appropriations for the expenses of collecting the
revenue for the half of the fiscal year ending June 1st, 1860, it provides that the Sec-
retary of the Treasury may dispose of the bonded warehouses now leased by govern-
ment, on or before January 1, 1861, on the best practicable terms for the government; but
he may retain such parts of said houses, or lease such other houses, at his discretion, as
may be necessary for the storage of unclaimed goods, or goods which for any other reason
are required by law to be stored by the government. Nothing in the act of March 3, 1849,
shall be so construed as to prevent the importer from transporting merchandise under bond
from one district to another, and of re- warehousing the same according to the provisions of
the act of Aug. 6, 1846, f 2. February 14, 1860.
No. 4. JoirU Resolution authorizing the President of the United States to accqpt and
attach to the Navy ttco vessels offered by Henry GrinneU, Esq.^ of New York^ to be sent
to the Arctic Seas in search of Sir John Franklin and his companions. The President
may detail from the Navy such commissioned and warrant officers and seamen as may be
necessaiy for said expedition, and who may be willing to engage therein. The said officers
and men shall be furnislied with suitable rations, for a period not exceeding three years, and
shall have the use of such necessary instruments as are now on hand and can be spared
from the Navy, to be accounted for or returned by the officers who shall receive the same.
The said vessels, officers, and men shall be in all respects under the laws and regulations of
the Navy of the United States until their return, when the ressels shall be delivered to Hen-
ry Grinnell : Provided^ That the United States shall not be liable to any claim for compen-
sation in case of the loss, damage, deterioration, use, or risk of the vessels. May 2, 1850.
No. 6. A Resolution expressing the condolence of Congress for Mrs. Margaret 8. Tay-
lor. July 18, 1860.
No. 6. Joint Resolution for restoring the setUement of the " three months' extra pay "
claims to the accounting officers of the Treasury. From and after this date, the unsettled
claims of the officers, non-commissioned officers, musicians, and privates for three months'
extra pay for services in the war with Mexico, shall be settled by the Second Auditor, and cer-
tified by the Second Comptroller of the Treasury. July 29, 1860.
No. 7. A ResoltUion relative to the payment of dividends or interest on var bounty
scrip. The Secretary of the Treasury is directed, in redeeming and discharging the obliga-
tions upon the government for war bounty scrip which are made assignable, to pay to the
assignee and holder of such obligations all dividends or interests which have been or shall
be declared and passed to the credit of the obligee upon the books of the Treasury, subse-
quent to the date of the assignment, unless such interest or dividends have been paid to the
obligee before tlie transfer of the scrip upon tlie boolcs in the office of the Register of the
Treasury, or the presentation thereof for final payment August 10, 1860.
No. 8. Joint Resolution instructing the Secretary of State to furnish tlie State of Ala-
bama duplicates of the books and documents heretofore supplied by Congress, and which
ttere destroyed by the recent burning of the State Capitol of said State. September 9,
1860.
348 . UNITED BTATEg. [1851.
No. 9. A RetolttHon to amend a RtMoluHon approved on the IOTA Auguat^ 1860, rdativt
to the payment of dividends or interest on war bounty scrip. The Secretary of the Treas-
ury ia directed, where the principal has been heretofore redeemed of any war bounty scrip,
to pay the dividends or interest due to the persons entitled to the ■ame under the resolution
to which this is an amendment, in case such scrip shall be hereafter presented tor payment
or redemption, or to pay the same to the legal representatives. September 36, 1850.
No. 10. A Resolution relating to the pubUeation sfthe laws sfthe United States. TIm
Secretary of State is directed to contract with Little ft; Brown to furnish their amraal Statp
Qtes at Large printed in conformity with the plan adopted by Oongrsss ia 1845, instead of
the edition usually issued by his order, under the act of Congress of April 20, 1818. Septem-
ber 26, 1850.
No. 11 . A Resolution relative to the public printing. The Secretary of the Senate and
the Clerk of the House, and the Clerk of the Joint Committee on Printing, are jointly em*
powered to examine, audit, and pass upon all accounts for printing, except they shall not
audit or allow the account for printing the obituary notices on tlie death of Piesidsnt Tky-
lor; to make a pro rata reduction in the compensation allowed, or to refuse the woric alto*
gether, should it be inferior to the standard, and in all things to possess the same power
over the public printing as is conferred upon the Joint Committee on Printing \jf the Joint
resolution approved August 3, 1846. The authority hereby conferred shall only be exercised
during the next recess of Congress, and shall cease at the commencement dfthe next sessioo.
September 28, 1850.
No. 12. Joint Resolution explanatory of certain aets theran mentioned. The provis*
ions of the second section of tlie act entitled " An Act amending the act entitled ' An Act
granting half-pay to widows or orphans where their husbands and Ihthers have died of
wounds received in the military service of the United States,' " approved July 21, 1848, and
extended by the act of Feb. 22, 1849, shall be construed to embrace the widows and orphans
of all persons designated therein, who died while in actual service in the late war with Mex-
ico, or in going to and returning from the same ; and also to tlis widows and orphans of all
such persons as, having been honoraUy discharged, or having resigned, shall have died after
the passage of said last-mentioned act, or who may hereafter die, of wounds received or
from disease contracted while in said service. Tlie army rolls, showing the death of any
of said persons in the army, shall be sufficient evidence to establish that foct. September
28, 1850.
STATEMENT OF THE GERMAN RAILROADS TO THE
CLOSE OF THE YEAR 1849.
Transmitted for the American Almanac^ hy Dr, J. G. Flugel, Leipsic.
At the close of the year 1849, the total length of all the German rail-
roads opened for passengers amoanted to about 918 German geographical
miles ^ (of which eight j miles had been opened in the coarse of 1848). If
both the tracks of the Maine-Weser line from Cassel to Frankfort, which
were opened during the year, be added to this, there will be about 928 Ger-
man miles of practicable lines of railroad, of which 335 miles belong to the
different governments.
Of the individual German States, Prussia owns an extent of 340 German
miles, Austria 187, Bavaria 82j|, Saxony 55}, Hanover 48, Baden 43, the
Electorate of Hesse 33, Wurtemberg and Holstein each 35, Mecklenburg-
Schwerin 19, Anhalt 13, Brunswick llj, Saxe- Weimar 10.
The Wurtemberg Railroads, as well as the Budweis-Linz-Gmnnder horse
line, are at present quite isolated. The Upper Rhenish railroad system,
which comprehends the Baden government line, the Maine-Neckar line,
the Palatinate Ludwig's line, the Taunus line, and the lines from Frankfort
to Ofienbach, Hanau, and Friedberg, is separated from the large North-
German system of roads by the unbuilt portion between Friedberg and Mar-
burg, as the Bavarian lines are separated by the tract from Plauen to
Reichenbach, and the Austrian southern line by the tract from Gloggnitz
to Muerzzuschlag (over the Sommering).
The private lines belong to forty -one joint-stock companies, the fhnds
of which amount to one hundred and fifty-eight and a half millions of tha-
lers, to which other loans to the amount of sixty-two and a half millions
should be added.
In the present year the incompleted portions of the Wurtemberg govern-
ment line, as well as the whole Prague-Dresden Railroad (of which till
now only two miles, from Dresden to Koenigstein are practicable), will be
opened ; in addition to this, probably a further tract of the Maine-Weser
line (from Marburg to Giessen), as well as the remaining part of the Meck-
lenburg Railroad, is expected to be finished.
LeipsiCj May, 1850.
* A German mile is equal to 4.60 Engliah miles.
30
CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS.
Page 104. — William L. Hodge has been appointed Assistant Secretary
of the Treasarj, and has been appointed Treasurer, vic0 William
Selden, resigned.
Page 105. — Edward C. Dall is Assistant Treasurer at Philadelphia, vice
James R. Snowden, removed.
Page 106. — John Wilson is appointed Principal Clerk of Public Lands ;
John M. Moore is Chief Clerk of Surveys, vice John Wilson, and Robert
G. Campbell, Secretary to sign Land Patents, vice £. M. Evens.
Pages 107 - 109. — PostmasUrs. — George W. Gordon is Postmaster at
Boston, vice William Hayden ; Joseph Mitchell at Nantucket, Mass., vice
James H. Briggs ; George W. Dole at Chicago, 111., vice Richard L. Wil-
son ; and Calvin Gold at Shawneetown, III., vice Joseph B. Barger.
Pages 109, 110. — CoUeetors, — David Bronson is Collector at Bath, Me.,
vice Benjamin Randall ; Charles J. Abbott at Castine, vice B. W. Hinckley ;
William Ketchum at Buffalo, N. Y., vice Levi Allen ; Charles W. Hill at
Maumee, Oh., vice J. H. Forsyth ; and T. Butler King at San Francisco,
Cal., vice James Collier. Add, Samuel Barney, Monterey ; H. E. Robin-
son, Sacramento City ; William C. Ferrell, San Diego ; and Madison
Walthall, San Joaquim.
Page 111. — Jacob A. Cast is Naval Officer at San Francisco.
Pages 111, 112. — Registers, ^. — Blanton P. Fox is Receiver at Cham-
pagnolle. Ark., vice Ezra Hill ; Blewford Johnson at Edwardsville, 111., vice
J. G. Cameron ; and Gideon Fitz at Jackson, Mo., vice Ralph Guild; Lem-
uel Wilson is Register at Newnansville, Fa., vice Samuel Russell; David
B. Webster at Kalamazoo, Mich., vice Isaac Moffatt; and Alexander Spaul-
ding at Green Bay, Wise, vice Harry F. Brown. Samuel D. King is Sur-
veyor-General of California.
Page 113. — John R. Chenault is Indian Agent at Osage River, vies
Charles N. Handy, and Simeon Francis in Oregon, vice Anson G. Henry,
resigned ; Elias Wampole is also Indian Agent in Oregon, and Redick
McKee and George W. Barbara are Indian Agents in California. Charles
S. Todd, Oliver P. Todd, and Robert B. Campbell are Commissioners to
procure information, &c., as to the Indian tribes on the borders of New
Mexico, under the act of September 30, 1850, and George W. Barbara,
Redick McKee, and O. M. Wozencraft are Commissioners under the same
act to make treaties with the Indians in California.
Pages 121, 122. — J^avy List. — Captain Fitzhugh is dead, and Com-
mander Abbot becomes Captain. By this promotion, and by the death of
Commander Byrne and the resignation of Commander Rutledge, Lieuten-
1851.] CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS. 351
ants John H. Marshall, Thompson D. Shaw, and Robert D. Thorburn be-
come Commanders.
Pages 127, 128, and 129. — George W. Morrison, of Manchester, is elected
Representative in District No. 3 in New Hampshire ; Jared Perkins, of
Winchester, will contest the seat. Chester Butler of the Eleventh District
in Pennsylvania is dead. Henry A. Bullard is elected in the First District
in Louisiana.
Pages 132-137. — Judiciary. — For the districts and terms of the courts
in California, see Titles and Abstracts of Public Laws, No. 52, page 345.
The officers of the courts are, — Northern District, S. A. Benjamin, Judge.
Southern District, John P. Healy, Judge, and Pablo Norieco, Marshal. —
William T. Joynes is Attorney in the Eastern District of Virginia, vice
Robert C. Nicholas.
Pages 137-141. — Charles J. McCurdy, of Connecticut, is Charg6 d*Af>
fdires to Austria. In Brazil, Robert B. Davidson is Consul at Rio Grande,
vice Thomas McGuire ; and John W. Petit is Consul for the Island of Ma-
ranham. In France, J. B. C. Antoine is Consul at Sedan, vice M. Hollan-
der; Charles Andony is Consul at Napoleon Vendee, the capital of the De-
partment of Vendee ; and Isaac C. Bates at Aix-la-Chapelle. In Great
Britain, Joseph R. Croskey is Consul at Cowes ; D. O. Kellogg at Glasgow,
vice James Cowdin ', and James Foy at Dublin. Samuel Bromberg is Con-
sul at Hamburg, vice Philo White ; C. G. Baylor at Amsterdam, vice Albert
Lange ; William H. Ropes at St. Petersburg, vice A. P. Gibson ; and Alex.
M. Ross at Puerto Cabello, vice Southy Grinalds.
Pages 145^ 146. — William M. Stewart, at San Francisco, is Vice-Consul
of Russia for all the ports of California. J. B. Fahar, at New Orleans, is
Consul of Switzerland, for Ala., Ark., La., and Miss. ; and Philip G. Franz,
at Detroit, for Mich., Wise, Iowa, and Min. Ter. F. E. Dixon is Vice-Con-
sul of the Two Sicilies at Philadelphia. F. A. Stokes is Vice-Consul of
Uruguay at Galveston.
Page 177. — Edward C. Dall is Treasurer of the Mint at Philadelphia,
vice James Ross Snowden.
Page 203. — Governor Hubbard's term of office expires in January, 1852.
For C. S. Williams, read C. K. Williams. Enoch L. Lowe is elected Gov-
ernor of Maryland ; his term will expire January, 1854. Reuben Wood is
elected Governor of Ohio; his term will expire December, 1852.
Page 240. Banks is chosen Auditor-General of Pa. ; Braw-
ley, Surveyor-General, and Morrison, Canal Commissioner.
Page 244. — Enoch Luis Lowe is elected Governor of Maryland. Term
expires Ist Monday in January, 1854.
Page 263. — James Webb is Secretary of State of Texas, vice William D.
Miller, and Ebenezer Allen Attorney-General, vice John W. Harris.
Pages 274, 275. — Reuben Wood is elected Governor of Ohio. His term
will expire Ist Monday in December, 1852. The residence of Philemon
Bliss is at Elyria, vice Painesville.
1/
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